Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
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Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860.*
Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
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The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants.
Cosimo I de' Medici
The Grand Duke Ferdinando I.
Maria Maddalena, Cosimo II and Ferdinando II, painting after Justus Sustermans
The Grand Duke Cosimo III in old age