1.
Groupama Arena
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Groupama Arena is a multi-purpose stadium in Budapest, Hungary and the home of Ferencvárosi TC. With a capacity of 23,698, Groupama Arena is the second largest stadium in Hungary after Ferenc Puskás Stadium, the stadium lies on the ground of Albert Flórián Stadium, the clubs former stadium, which was demolished in 2013. Since 1911, Ferencváros had played their games at Stadion Albert Flórián. The stadium had had an upgrade from 1971–74, and in the 21st Century the club desired a stadium with an expanded capacity. The proposed capacity of 22,600 would make it the second biggest stadium in Hungary, the new stadium would be reorientated 90° and closer to Gyáli út, with a pitch 10 cm below ground level. Corporate hospitality, a restaurant, shop and museum were all planned, market építő Zrt won the tender to construct the stadium, with a projected cost of 13.5 billion Ft. Construction started on 28 March 2013, with a completion time of autumn 2014. On 24 May 2013, Balázs Fürjes, MP of the Hungarian Parliament and person responsible for the investment, the construction of the new stadium is expected to be completed by the fall of 2014. In 2013 there will be 5,4 billion HUF available for the project and 8,1 billion HUF in 2014. Mihály Varga, minister of economy of Hungary, said that the sale of the estate. If the construction is not completed on time, the company will have to pay 65 million HUF daily. Melinda Várkonyi said that an 82-millimetre grenade was found at the site of the new stadium. Allegedly the shell originates from a Soviet grenade launcher from the Second World War, on 3 October 2013, Balázs Fürjes, MP of the Hungarian Parliament, said that the construction of the stadium is of record speed. It was quite sure that the club could start the 2014–15 Hungarian League season in the new stadium. The Ferencváros club centre was opened, where the fans of the club can take a look at the plans of the new stadium or a 3D film can be watched about the future stadium. Balázs Fürjes also pointed out that the new stadium will be a stadium where concerts, conferences. He also mentioned that the elements of the old Albert stadium will be used for the construction of the new stadium, therefore, it is a green investment for two reasons, for the colours of the club, and for the eco-friendly construction. The steel structure, which weighs 2800 tons, was made in Kecskemét while the concrete structure, the construction of the new stadium gives jobs for almost 2000 blue-collar workers
2.
Thomas Doll
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Thomas Jens Uwe Doll is a German former footballer and current manager of Ferencváros. He played as an midfielder for Hansa Rostock, Berliner FC Dynamo, Hamburger SV, Lazio, Eintracht Frankfurt. Doll began his career with local side BSG Lokomotiv Malchin, before joining East German first-division DDR-Oberliga side Hansa Rostock, in 1986 he was transferred to Berliner FC Dynamo, the countrys dominant side, where he won two East Germany titles and played his first European Cup matches. At Berliner FC Dynamo he teamed up with fellow talented forward Andreas Thom, after reunification Doll was one of the most sought-after players of coming out of the former East Germany. Together with Frank Rohde he joined Hamburger SV in 1990, after just one season there he had impressed sufficiently to move to Italian side Lazio for a then record fee of DM15 million. After a year in Italy with Bari, he returned to Hamburger SV in 1998 and he played another three seasons, but injuries continued to take their toll. At international level, Doll represented both East Germany and the unified Germany and his last international appearance came in 1993. He was part of Germanys squad for Euro 1992 where the finished as runners-up. Following his retirement, he part of Hamburgs coaching staff. The 2006–07 season, however, was successful for the coach. The team delivered a performance in the Champions League that saw only one win in six first-round games. Doll was sacked on 1 February 2007, on 19 May 2008, Doll resigned as the coach of Borussia Dortmund after the team finished a disappointing 13th in the Bundesliga. He agreed to manage Gençlerbirliği SK and signed a two-year contract, on 20 July 2011, he was appointed as head coach of Saudi Arabian champion team, Al-Hilal but was sacked on 22 January 2012. He became head coach of Hungarian club Ferencváros on 18 December 2013, on 20 May 2015, Ferencváros beat Videoton 4–0 at the Groupama Arena in the 2014–15 Magyar Kupa Final. Dolls Ferencváros secured the clubs 29th Nemzeti Bajnokság I title on 2 April 2016 after a defeat at the Nagyerdei Stadion against Debreceni VSC, by winning the 2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, Doll managed to win all the possible titles in football in Hungary. In recognition of his performance with Ferencváros, Doll received the Coach of the year in NB I award from the Hungarian Football Federation in 2016. Doll has two daughters, one with his current Italian-born wife Roberta, the other with a former wife now married to another ex-footballer, Olaf Bodden. Hungarian Football Federation, Coach of the year in NB I Thomas Doll at Fussballdaten Thomas Doll at weltfussball. de Thomas Doll at National-Football-Teams. com
3.
Kit (association football)
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In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sports Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, footballers generally wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. Professional clubs also usually display players surnames or nicknames on their shirts, Football kit has evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when players typically wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots. The Laws of the Game set out the equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4. Five separate items are specified, shirt, shorts, socks, footwear, goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify that these are required, shirts must have sleeves, and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and provide a reasonable degree of protection. The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player. In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. The England national team plays in red shirts even when it is not required. Many professional clubs also have a kit, ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the basic colour scheme for several decades. Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation, shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed, competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. The captain of team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread
4.
Away colours
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Away colours are a choice of coloured clothing used in team sports. They are required to be worn by one team during a game between teams that would wear the same colours as each other, or similar colours. This change prevents confusion for officials, players, and spectators, in most sports it is the visiting team that must change – second-choice kits are commonly known as away kits or change kits in British English, and road uniforms in American English. Some sports leagues mandate that teams must always wear an alternative kit. In some sports, conventionally the home team has changed its kit, in most cases, a team wears its away kit only when its primary kit would clash with the colours of the home team. However, sometimes teams wear away colours by choice, occasionally even in a home game, at some clubs, the away kit has become more popular than the home version. Replica home and away kits are available for fans to buy. Some teams also have produced third-choice kits, or even old-fashioned throwback uniforms, in American sports, road teams usually wear a change uniform regardless of a potential colour clash. Further, almost all road uniforms are white in American football, in the National Basketball Association, home uniforms are white or yellow, and visiting teams wear a darker colour. In the United States, color vs. color games are a rarity, most teams choose to wear their color jerseys at home, with the road team changing to white in most cases. White road uniforms gained prominence with the rise of television in the 1950s, a white vs. color game was easier to follow in black-and-white. According to Phil Hecken, until the mid 1950′s, not only was color versus color common in the NFL, even long after the advent of color television, the use of white jerseys has remained in almost every game. The NFLs current rules require that a home jerseys must be either white or official team color throughout the season. If a team insists on wearing its home uniforms on the road, the road team might instead wear a third jersey, such as the Seattle Seahawks Wolf Grey alternate. According to the Gridiron Uniform Database, the Cleveland Browns wore white for home game of the 1955 season. The only times they wore brown was for games at Philadelphia and the New York Giants, in 1964 the Baltimore Colts, Browns, Vikings and Rams wore white regularly for their home games according to Tim Brulias research. The St. Louis Cardinals wore white for several of their home games, until 1964 Dallas had worn blue at home, but it was not an official rule that teams should wear their colored jerseys at home. The use of white jerseys was instigated by general manager Tex Schramm, the Cowboys still wear white at home today
5.
Third jersey
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Alternate jerseys are also a means for professional sports organizations to generate revenue, by sales to fans. Of North American sports leagues, the NFL generates $1.2 billion annually in jersey sales, another use of the alternate uniform is for identifying with causes, like the Central Coast Mariners wear an alternate pink kit on pink ribbon day. Extra alternate uniforms or fourth/fifth kits are not commonly used, but are required when teams other uniforms cause color clashes. In cases where teams have more than three kits in the same season, the extra kits were usually recycled from previous seasons. Third-choice jerseys or uniforms are used in all four North American major professional sports leagues, Third kits are commonplace in professional European association football and in some professional European rugby union clubs. Alternate guernseys or jerseys are common in Australias two biggest domestic leagues, the Australian Football League and National Rugby League, for home and away jerseys in North America, historical convention has often dictated the colors used by teams in a given league. Teams generally have one jersey which is primarily in a team color, white at home is the convention in baseball, basketball, minor league professional hockey, and college hockey. White while away is the convention in football, major professional hockey. Association football does not have a white at home or a white while away convention, the NBA and NHL both enforce the color/white rule strictly, any NHL team seeking to wear white at home must get express permission from the league office to do so. In American sports, throwback jerseys are generally used for special team games. In American football a third jersey may be a uniform based on designs the team used in the past. In association football, meanwhile, it is commonly a radically different design. Initially, the NFL rule stated that a team may wear their third only once a year. There are currently no rules on wearing alternate pants, teams are also permitted to wear alternate jerseys as often as desired in playoff games, the only team to do so was the 2008 San Diego Chargers. Some teams will use one of their third jersey allotments against a particular division opponent each year. The New York Giants were known to wear their red jerseys at home against the Dallas Cowboys until the red jerseys were retired in 2009. The Washington Redskins wear their uniform on home games to commemorate their annual homecoming game once a year since 2012. When wearing their jerseys, especially if the team is wearing a throwback uniform
6.
Budapest
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Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary, one of the largest cities in the European Union and sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. It has an area of 525 square kilometres and a population of about 1.8 million within the limits in 2016. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the Danube river with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, the history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century and their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–1242. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century, following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945. Budapest is an Alpha- global city, with strengths in arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts the Budapest Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and it is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index. Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, further famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. It has around 80 geothermal springs, the worlds largest thermal water system, second largest synagogue. Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Central European University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Budapest is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name Buda-Pest was in 1831 in the book Világ, written by Count István Széchenyi. The origins of the names Buda and Pest are obscure, according to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that Buda was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars, an alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also theories about the origin of the name Pest. One of the states that the word Pest comes from the Roman times. According to another theory, Pest originates from the Slavic word for cave, or oven, the first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD
7.
Juventus F.C.
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Juventus Football Club S. p. A. colloquially known as Juve, is a professional Italian association football club based in Turin, Piedmont. The clubs fan base is larger than any other Italian football club and is one of the largest worldwide, support for Juventus is widespread throughout the country and abroad, mainly in countries with a significant presence of Italian immigrants. Juventus is the most successful club in Italian football and one of the most awarded globally, Juventus were founded as Sport-Club Juventus in late 1897 by pupils from the Massimo DAzeglio Lyceum school in Turin, but were renamed as Foot-Ball Club Juventus two years later. The club joined the Italian Football Championship during 1900, during this period the team wore a pink and black kit. Juventus first won the championship in 1905 while playing at their Velodrome Umberto I ground. By this time the colours had changed to black and white stripes. There was a split at the club in 1906, after some of the staff considered moving Juve out of Turin, President Alfred Dick was unhappy with this and left with some prominent players to found FBC Torino which in turn spawned the Derby della Mole. Juventus spent much of this period steadily rebuilding after the split, fiat owner Edoardo Agnelli gained control of the club in 1923, and built a new stadium. This helped the club to its second scudetto in the 1925–26 season beating Alba Roma with a score of 12–1. With star players such as Raimundo Orsi, Luigi Bertolini, Giovanni Ferrari, Juventus moved to the Stadio Comunale, but for the rest of the 1930s and the majority of the 1940s they were unable to recapture championship dominance. After the Second World War, Gianni Agnelli was appointed honorary president, the club added two more league championships to its name in the 1949–50 and 1951–52 seasons, the latter of which was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver. Two new strikers were signed during 1957–58, Welshman John Charles and Italo-Argentine Omar Sívori and that season saw Juventus awarded with the Golden Star for Sport Excellence to wear on their shirts after becoming the first Italian side to win ten league titles. In the same season, Sívori became the first ever player at the club to win the European Footballer of the Year, the following season they beat Fiorentina to complete their first league and cup double, winning Serie A and Coppa Italia. Boniperti retired in 1961 as the top scorer at the club, with 182 goals in all competitions. During the rest of the decade, the won the league just once more in 1966–67, The 1970s, however. Under former player Čestmír Vycpálek, they won the scudetto in 1971–72 and 1972–73, with such as Roberto Bettega, Franco Causio. During the rest of the decade, they won the league twice more, the Trapattoni era was highly successful in the 1980s, the club started the decade off well, winning the league title three more times by 1984. This meant Juventus had won 20 Italian league titles and were allowed to add a golden star to their shirt
8.
Turin
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Turin is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region and was the first capital city of Italy. The city is located mainly on the bank of the Po River, in front of Susa Valley and surrounded by the western Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 892,649 while the population of the area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million, in 1997 a part of the historical center of Torino was inscribed in the World Heritage List under the name Residences of the Royal House of Savoy. Turin is well known for its Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-classical, many of Turins public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built between the 16th and 18th centuries. This was after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy was moved to Turin from Chambery as part of the urban expansion, the city used to be a major European political center. Turin was Italys first capital city in 1861 and home to the House of Savoy, from 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the Royal House of Savoy and finally the first capital of the unified Italy. Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty for having been the birthplace and home of notable politicians and people who contributed to the Risorgimento, such as Cavour. The city currently hosts some of Italys best universities, colleges, academies, lycea and gymnasia, such as the University of Turin, founded in the 15th century, in addition, the city is home to museums such as the Museo Egizio and the Mole Antonelliana. Turins attractions make it one of the worlds top 250 tourist destinations, Turin is ranked third in Italy, after Milan and Rome, for economic strength. With a GDP of $58 billion, Turin is the worlds 78th richest city by purchasing power, as of 2010, the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city. Turin is also home to much of the Italian automotive industry, the Taurini were an ancient Celto-Ligurian Alpine people, who occupied the upper valley of the Po River, in the center of modern Piedmont. In 218 BC, they were attacked by Hannibal as he was allied with their long-standing enemies, the Taurini chief town was captured by Hannibals forces after a three-day siege. As a people they are mentioned in history. It is believed that a Roman colony was established in 27 BC under the name of Castra Taurinorum, both Livy and Strabo mention the Taurinis country as including one of the passes of the Alps, which points to a wider use of the name in earlier times. In the 1st century BC, the Romans created a military camp, the typical Roman street grid can still be seen in the modern city, especially in the neighborhood known as the Quadrilatero Romano. Via Garibaldi traces the path of the Roman citys decumanus which began at the Porta Decumani. The Porta Palatina, on the side of the current city centre, is still preserved in a park near the Cathedral
9.
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
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The UEFA Cup Winners Cup was a football club competition contested annually by the most recent winners of all European domestic cup competitions. The cup is one of the many inter-European club competitions that have been organised by UEFA, the first competition was held in the 1960–61 season — but not recognised by the governing body of European football until two years later. The final tournament was held in 1998–99, after which it was absorbed into the UEFA Cup, in the 1985–86 season, English clubs were banned from European competition. Consequently, Manchester United, Everton, Coventry City, Wimbledon, from 1972 onwards, the winner of the tournament progressed to play the winner of the European Cup in the UEFA Super Cup. Since the abolition of the UEFA Cup Winners Cup, the UEFA Super Cup place previously reserved for the Cup Winners Cup winner has been taken by the winner of the UEFA Cup, now UEFA Europa League. The competitions official name was originally the European Cup Winners Cup, in common with other UEFA club tournaments, the away goal applied when aggregate scores was parity. Following the influx of new UEFA member nations during the 1990s, however, if this team also qualified for the European Champions Cup then they would default on their place in the Cup Winners Cup and no other team would replace them. In 1998–99, the final year, Heerenveen of the Netherlands entered the Cup Winners Cup despite only reaching the semi-final of the previous seasons Dutch Cup. This was due to both Dutch Cup finalists Ajax and PSV Eindhoven qualifying for the recently expanded Champions League. The European Cup had proven to be a success and the Fairs Cup had also proven popular – as a result. One proposal was for a tournament based upon the format of the European Cup, but with national cup winners rather than league champions taking part, the inaugural Cup Winners Cup was held in the 1960–61 season and was basically a semi-official pilot tournament. It was essentially only in England, Scotland and to a lesser extent Germany, for the tournaments second season in 1961–62, UEFA took over the running of all aspects of the competition and this time all the clubs eligible to enter accepted the opportunity. By 1968, all UEFA member nations had set up domestic cup competitions due to the success of the Cup Winners Cup, UEFA regarded it as the second most prestigious competition, behind the European Cup and ahead of the Fairs Cup. Nevertheless, many commentators and fans regarded the Cup Winners Cup as weaker than the UEFA Cup, no club managed to retain the Cup Winners Cup, although eight times a winning side followed up their victories with a losing appearance in the following seasons final. After the establishment of the UEFA Champions League in the early 1990s, with the expansion of the Champions League in 1997 to allow more than one team from the highest-ranked member associations to enter, the Cup Winners Cup began to look noticeably inferior. Since then, domestic cup winners who do not otherwise qualify for the Champions League are given a place in the Europa League, the Cup Winners Cup trophy itself is a property of UEFA and it is not assigned to any club. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation UEFA website
10.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
11.
Magyar Kupa
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The Hungarian Cup is the Hungarian cup competition for football clubs. It has been started by the Hungarian Football Association, the Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség in 1909, eight years after the commencement of the Hungarian League, besides all of the professional clubs of Hungary numerous amateur sides take part every year. These have to qualify through local cup competitions, most successful participant in the Magya Kupa has been the Ferencvarosi TC with 21 wins, followed by the local rivals from MTK Hungária FC with 12 cups. The current holder is Ferencvarosi TC, although the first Hungarian League match was played in 1901, the first Hungarian Cup match was played eight years later in 1910 between MTK Budapest FC and Budapesti TC. The first era of the Magyar Kupa was dominated by the clubs as in the Hungarian League, MTK Budapest FC. In the 1910s MTK won 4 trophies, while Ferencváros only 1, however, in the 1920s Ferencváros won 3 other titles, whereas MTK2 cups. The only club who could interrupt the Ferencvárosi TC-MTK Budapest FC rivalry were Kispesti AC in 1926, in the 1930s new clubs could conquer the Magyar cup and two of them were outside Budapest. In 1930 Bocskai FC and in 1934 Soroksár FC, the traditional clubs won three trophies, Ferencváros in 1933 and 1935, while MTK in 1932. The 1940s were dominated by Ferencváros by winning the cup in a three seasons, 1941-42, 1942-43, and 1943-44. Ferencváross dominance was interrupted by Szolnoki MÁV FC by winning the 1940-41 season, due to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the Magyar Kupa was held only three times in the 1950s. In 1969 Újpesti Dózsa SC became cup winners for the first time after losing five finals, the 1970s were dominated by Budapest clubs. Ferencváros won four times, Újpest won twice, and Vasas SC won once, however, the 1976-77 season was won by Diósgyőri VTK. This was the first time when the cup finals was in a round-robin tournament, in the 1980s Újpesti Dózsa SC won three trophies, while Budapest Honvéd SE could lift the cup twice. In the 1990s Ferencvárosi TC won the cup four times, in 1999 Debreceni VSC won their first cup trophy. In the early 2000s the Magyar Kupa was dominated by Debrecen by winning three trophies in 2001,2008,2010, in the 2010s the dominance of the non-Budapest clubs continued. Debrecen managed to clinch the cup twice in the 2011-12 and in the 2012-13 seasons while Kecskemét could lift the trophy in the 2010-11 season, however, Újpest surprisingly won the 2013-14 season while the rebuilt Ferencváros in 2014-15 season. Notes, Note 1, In 1912, Ferencvárosi TC did not play, Note 2, Final from 1956 held in 1958. Note 3, Final from 1977 played in Group-Format, notes, Note 4, Includes Ferencváros FC Note 5, Includes MTK, MTK-VM, Hungária and Bástya
12.
2016-17 UEFA Champions League
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The 2017 UEFA Champions League Final will be played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. Real Madrid are the defending champions, a total of 78 teams from 53 of the 55 UEFA member associations are expected to participate in the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League. The association ranking based on the UEFA country coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association, Associations 4–6 each have three teams qualify. Associations 7–15 each have two teams qualify, Associations 16–54 each have one team qualify. The winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, Sevilla, did not qualify through their domestic league, however, since Real Madrid already qualified for the group stage, the Champions League title holders berth in the group stage is given to the Europa League title holders, Sevilla. League positions of the previous season shown in parentheses, except Sevilla which qualified as Europa League title holders, notes The schedule of the competition is as follows. In the qualifying rounds and the round, teams were divided into seeded and unseeded teams based on their 2016 UEFA club coefficients. Teams from the association could not be drawn against each other. The draws for the first and second qualifying rounds were held on 20 June 2016, the first legs were played on 28 June, and the second legs were played on 5 and 6 July 2016. The first legs were played on 12 and 13 July, the third qualifying round was split into two separate sections, Champions Route and League Route. The losing teams in both sections entered the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League play-off round, the draw for the third qualifying round was held on 15 July 2016. The first legs were played on 26 and 27 July, the play-off round was split into two separate sections, Champions Route and League Route. The losing teams in both sections entered the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League group stage, the draw for the play-off round was held on 5 August 2016. The first legs were played on 16 and 17 August, the draw for the group stage was held on 25 August 2016, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. The 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four, with the restriction that teams from the association could not be drawn against each other. Pot 2,3 and 4 contained the teams, seeded based on their 2016 UEFA club coefficients. In each group, teams play against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format, the group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 16, while the third-placed teams enter the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League round of 32. The matchdays are 13–14 September, 27–28 September, 18–19 October, 1–2 November, 22–23 November, and 6–7 December 2016
13.
Adidas
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Adidas AG is a German multinational corporation, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Germany, that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and accessories. It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe, and the second biggest in the world, Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at €19.29 billion. Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler, following a feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf. Rudolf had earlier established Puma, which became the business rival of Adidas. The companys clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the motif is incorporated into Adidass current official logo. The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a case a. Christoph Von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, after leaving school, their son, Rudolf Rudi Dassler, joined his father at the shoe factory. When he returned from fighting in World War I, Rudolf received a management position at a porcelain factory, Adolf Adi Dassler started to produce his own sports shoes in his mothers wash kitchen in Herzogenaurach after his return from World War I. In July 1924, his brother Rudolf returned to Herzogenaurach to join his brothers business. Following Owens haul of four medals, his success cemented the good reputation of Dassler shoes among the worlds most famous sportsmen. Letters from around the world landed on the desks. Business boomed and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of every year before World War II. After Rudolf was later picked up by American soldiers and accused of being a member of the Waffen SS, American occupying forces subsequently became major buyers of the Dassler brothers shoes. Although it is a urban myth that the name is an acronym for All Day I Dream About Sports. Puma and Adidas entered into a fierce and bitter rivalry after the split. Indeed, the town of Herzogenaurach was divided on the issue, even the towns two football clubs were divided, ASV Herzogenaurach club was supported by Adidas, while 1 FC Herzogenaurach endorsed Rudolfs footwear. When handymen were called to Rudolfs home, they would deliberately wear Adidas shoes, Rudolf would tell them to go to the basement and pick out a pair of free Pumas. The two brothers were never reconciled and although both are now buried in the cemetery, they are spaced as far apart as possible
14.
Pepsi
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Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Originally created and developed in 1893 and introduced as Brads Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28,1898 and it is currently known in North America alternatively as Pepsi-Cola as of 2014. The drink Pepsi was first introduced as Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and it was renamed Pepsi Cola in 1898 after the root of the word dyspepsia and the kola nuts used in the recipe. The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla, Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse and that year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in bottles. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drink. refreshing, invigorating, the advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again, assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Megargel was unsuccessful, and soon Pepsis assets were purchased by Charles Guth, Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula, on three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company, and it declined on each occasion. The original trademark application for Pepsi-Cola was filed on September 23,1902 with registration approved on June 16,1903, in the applications statement, Caleb Bradham describes the trademark and indicated that the mark was in continuous use for his business since August 1,1901. The Pepsi-Colas description is a syrup for soda water. The trademark expired on April 15,1904, a second Pepsi-Cola trademark is on record with the USPTO. The federal status for the 1905 trademark is registered and renewed and is owned by PepsiCo of Purchase, in 2014, the 1940 wordmark was used again and replacing the current wordmark on many cans. During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle, coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsis status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Colas profits doubled, Pepsis success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering
15.
Umbro
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Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Manchester, Greater Manchester. Umbro designs, sources, and markets football-related apparel, footwear and its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide. Since 2012, the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group, the company was founded by Harold Humphreys, along with his brother Wallace in a small workshop in Wilmslow, Cheshire, inspired by the growing interest in football witnessed nationwide. The name Umbro is an inspired by Humphreys Brothers Clothing. Umbros kit debut was in the 1934 FA Cup final, when both teams Manchester City and Portsmouth wore kits designed and manufactured by the company, other teams supplied by Umbro during the 1930s and 1940s were Sheffield United, Preston North End, Manchester United and Blackpool. Umbro was the official manufacturer of the English FA Cup and official sponsor of The FA. In 1952, the British team at the Summer Olympics wore Umbro kits, Umbro would supply kits for the British Olympics team for the next 20 years. In 1957, Umbro entered the market, producing sports clothing in collaboration with player Ted Tinling. This collaboration extended for three decades, another sportsman who collaborated with Umbro was Manchester United manager Matt Busby, in 1959. That same year the company started to sell its junior boys kits, brazil became the first FIFA World Cup champion to wear kits by Umbro in 1958. Two years later, Manchester United Scottish player Denis Law signed an agreement with the brand. The England national team won its title in 1966 wearing kits by Umbro. Of the 16 teams that competed,15 wore kit manufactured by Umbro, at the same time, 85% of British football teams wore kits by the company, including Celtic, the first British team to win a European Cup in 1967. Liverpool FC won the first four of their five European Cups while wearing Umbro kits, in 1974, Umbros founder, Harold Humphreys, died. His sons John and Stuart took over the running of the company, after more than a decade wearing Admiral kits, the England national team signed with Umbro again in 1984. In 1986, Umbro began to manufacture its own football boots, the company added footballers Alan Shearer and Michael Owen to its list of sponsored athletes. In the United States, Umbro was the majority owner of United Soccer Leagues, the parent organization for North Americas lower division soccer. During the 2009 USL First Division season, the Carolina RailHawks, Charleston Battery, Vancouver Whitecaps, Rochester Rhinos, Austin Aztex, during the 2012 USLPro season, the Dayton Dutch Lions wore Umbro
16.
West (cigarette)
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West is a German tobacco brand owned by the British company Imperial Tobacco. The cigarettes are available in most European Union countries except the UK, the brand is sold in over 90 countries worldwide. West was introduced to the German market in 1981 and was available in tobacco goods shops. It was introduced with advertising stating West was a quality marque at a price on the German market. Since approximately 1987 West became available in supermarkets and cigarette vending machines, West is the second-strongest cigarette brand in Germany. It is available in the United States and distributed by Commonwealth Brands, West sponsored small German Formula One team Zakspeed from 1985 to 1989, and Sito Pons Motogp team between 2000 and 2002. It was the sponsor of the McLaren Formula One team, from 1997 to July 2005. West terminated its relationship with McLaren due to a European Union ban on tobacco advertising, West also sponsors numerous amateur cage fighters. Cigarettes West Red,10 mg tar,0.9 mg nicotine,10 mg carbon monoxide, West Silver,7 mg tar,0.6 mg nicotine,7 mg carbon monoxide. West Blue,4 mg tar,0.4 mg nicotine,4 mg carbon monoxide, West Rich Blue,8 mg tar,0.7 mg nicotine,8 mg carbon monoxide. West ICE,7 mg tar,0.6 mg nicotine,7 mg carbon monoxide, part of the flavoring is added to the filter instead of the tobacco. West Red and Silver cigarettes are available in 100 mm length. Other products West Volumetabak Red and Silver, loose tobacco for roll-your-own cigarettes, West Rollies Filter Red and Silver, cigarillos with filter
17.
Dreher Breweries
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Dreher Brewery in Budapest is owned by SABMiller. Its main products are the Dreher Classic, Arany Ászok and Kőbányai Világos pilsener-style lagers, Kanizsa Brewery also belonged to the group. Until its closure, it produced beer under the Kanizsai Világos, Kanizsai Kinizsi, Balatoni Világos, Dreher Brewery was owned by the South African Breweries since 1993, and subsequently by SABMiller since 2002. Dreher Breweries Ltd. is one of the three leading players in the Hungarian beer market, the brewery still operates in Kőbánya, where the beers are brewing with the latest technology methods in the buildings, which were restored to their original splendour. 1854 – Peter Schmidt founder of “Kőbányai Serfőző Társaság” produced the first “Kőbányai Ser”1862 – Anton Dreher,1870 – Anton Dreher Jr. takes over the leadership of the company. He developed the technology and capacity of his factories, and Kőbánya soon became the largest brewery of Hungary. 1905 – Among his three sons, Anton Dreher Jr. entrusted Jenő with the management of the Kőbánya brewery, which became a corporation in 1907 under the name Dreher Antal Kőbányai Serfőzdéje”. The company was the market leader till World War I.1923 – Jenő Dreher continued to buy shares from the capitals of his competitors, from Haggenmacher Kőbányai. Barber and Klusemann Brewery and the Első Magyar Részvény Serfőzde”, the „Dreher Kombinát”, which was merged from these companies in 1923, bought up the Királyi Serfőzde” of Kanizsa in 1928 also. 1933 – Dreher-Haggenmacher Első Magyar Részvény Serfőzde” was launched, which ruled 70% of the market with its excellent beers,1948 – The property of the family kept in Hungary was taken into state ownership. 1949 – Establishment of Kőbányai Sörgyárak Nemzeti Vállalat”,1981 – Birth of the independent “Kőbányai Sörgyár”. 1992 – “Kőbányai Sörgyár” was converted into a shareholding company,1993 – The brewery became a member of the South African Breweries. 1997 – The company takes up the name “Dreher Sörgyárak Ltd”,2015 – Sold to Asahi Breweries of Japan. Dreher Classic Dreher Bak Dreher Alkoholmentes Arany Ászok Arany Ászok Alkoholmentes Kőbányai Sör Pilsner Urquell Miller Genuine Draft Kozel Hofbräu
18.
Magyar Telekom
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Magyar Telekom Nyrt. is the largest Hungarian telecommunications company. The former monopolist is now a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, until 6 May 2005, it was known as MATÁV. The company was formed under the name of Magyar Távközlési Vállalat in December 1989, on 31 December 1991, the company was re-structured as a Public Limited Company, as Magyar Távközlési Rt. and the company remained in 100% state ownership until the end of 1993. On 1 July 1993, the Telecommunications Act came into effect, a consortium was formed by Deutsche Telekom and Ameritech International, which was named MagyarCom, and bought into the company a share of 30. 1% for a price of 875 million USD. Matáv, out of the tender with the aim of acquiring and purchasing shares of Matávs national telephone concession. Matávs service area Hungary about 70% of the territory and 72% of the population covered 36 primary areas covered, during the privatization process MagyarCom in the Matáv it acquired a majority stake. Under the contract signed on 22 December st 1995, Magyar Telekom Group covers three business areas, wireline services, mobile communications, services provided to business customers. In the frame of the project is elaborated such a pilot ENUM system, a web-based GUI is provided both for the administration and the managing of user profiles. In the field of IP telephony services and applications they have implemented the integration of hardware-based telephones. They have elaborated such a QoS measuring method, with the help of which the quality of the VoIP service can be tested and measured on a scale. A special case of mobility is the so-called nomadic mobility, when the user, an average laptop user can hardly concentrate on his work, while he is on the way. He needs network connection only when he stopped and can pull out his laptop from his bag, in the course of our developments Magyar Telekom have been analyzing the possibilities of providing VoIP connection for such wandering subscribers. Magyar Telekom has already announced its new WiMax technology based service, in the interest of it, they have created a test environment on which the system integration and functional tests can be carried out prior to general rollout. The traditional twisted copper pair continues to be a determinant element of access networks, systems of the past have been improved in efficiency through numerous innovations and the appearing newer and newer technologies offer further possibilities for the providers. In the frame of this research we have been analyzing the possibilities of new generation xDSL technologies, achievable bandwidth, reachable distance, and the triple-play features of equipment are in the focus of the tests. Moreover, we carry out analyses and measurements to identify the conditions of system integration of DSLAM-s with Ethernet uplink. At the same time, an exact and accurate calculation method giving the optimum for the location based on the parameters of the network. The R&D theme has the purpose to explore the mentioned interrelations and through practical measurements to verify, official website Today Matáv has officially changed its name to Magyar Telekom
19.
Nike, Inc.
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The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is one of the worlds largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel, as of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The company was founded on January 25,1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, the company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro, in addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just Do It, Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, says Davis, I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I dont care all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me, in fact, I didnt like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight, but I saw Bowerman make them from the waffle iron, and they were mine. In 1964, in its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000, by 1965 the fledgling company had acquired a full-time employee, and sales had reached $20,000. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end, BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18,1971, patent and Trademark Office on January 22,1974. In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, the following year, the agency created the first brand ad for Nike, called There is no finish line, in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U. S. athletic shoe market, together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nikes primary ad agency. Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement, wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Lets do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its line to encompass many sports
20.
Interwetten
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It operates in the online entertainment branch, offering its customers sports betting, live betting, a casino, a live casino, and games. In 1997, Interwetten became the first company in the world to offer sports betting online. Therefore, the company can be seen as one of the pioneers in the branch of online entertainment, Today, the company is based in Malta. The online entertainment platform www. interwetten. com is available in ten languages. The company is well known in German-speaking countries and southern Europe for its sports betting offer. In 2012, Interwetten customers placed bets on more than 100,000 different sports events held in over 70 countries, Interwetten was a founding member of the non-profit organisation European Gaming & Betting Association. It is also a member of the European Sports Security Association, Interwetten Gaming Ltd. in Malta holds licences to operate sports betting, games, and a casino at www. interwetten. com. Since December 2012, Interwetten Gaming Ltd. has been authorised to offer sports betting in Schleswig-Holstein, authorisation for casino games was granted by the Ministry of the Interior of Schleswig-Holstein in January 2013. Interwetten was founded in September 1990 in Vienna, Austria, between 1990 and 1997, the company exclusively offered sports betting, with customers placing their bets via telephone. In 1997, Interwetten took its business online, and, in 2004, in June 2006, Interwetten launched a Skill Games platform. Interwetten has been offering sports betting since 1990 and this betting offer has been available online at www. interwetten. com since 1997. Interwetten can be seen as one of the pioneers of the branch, since the launch of the website, the company’s customer base has grown significantly year by year. Customers have been able to visit Interwetten’s online casino since July 2004, the casino games, which are particularly popular among female customers, include classics such as Roulette and Blackjack. The Live Casino offer is very popular among the casino’s visitors. The skill games platform, featuring games that test the player’s skill, among these products are also particular games such as Schnapsen, which is not widely available as an online game. In 2004, Interwetten led the way in making its betting offer available on mobile devices, the betting offer is optimised for Android mobile phones, the iPhone and iPad, and Windows Phones. Users can place their bets quickly and simply at interwetten. com, customers have the opportunity to also place combination and system bets while on the move. Handy shortcuts make placing bets easy, the Today shortcut, for example, shows the user the betting programme over the next 24 hours
21.
Provident Financial
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Provident Financial plc is a British sub-prime lender based in Bradford, West Yorkshire. It specialises in cards, home collected credit, online loans. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, in 2013 the firm were granted rights to take over the accounts of Welcome Finance customers. The company entered liquidation in 2010 and had no alternative but to sell accounts, although you can no longer apply for credit through Welcome Finance, customers may still receive PPI claims or defaults by Provident Finance. The company was established in Bradford in 1880 by Joshua Kelley Waddilove to provide credit to families in West Yorkshire. The Company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1962, in 1997 it extended its operations to Poland and the Czech Republic, later operating in Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Mexico. The Office of Fair Trading published a paper which echoed this concern about the concentration of market share. They required that the website Lenders Compared be set up, the costs of which was to borne by Provident, in addition, all home credit operators were required to advertise the new site in documentation and advertisements and to offer customers regular statements. The company had been plagued by bad publicity, including a TV investigation into its practices, pressurisation of staff, unreliable vehicles. In 2007 it demerged its international business and a new public company was formed called International Personal Finance. This company now holds all of Provident Financials ex-non-UK operations, with the exception of the Republic of Ireland and it also sold the motor insurance business leaving Provident Financial to concentrate on UK only financial products. In 2011, Vanquis were criticised for offering Repayment Option Plans to their credit card customers, the programme featured two instances of people with mental illness who were given substantial loans, including a woman diagnosed with schizophrenia who was lent several thousand pounds. In 2013, Provident launched its short term loan Satsuma Loans. In 2014, Moneybarn was acquired by Provident Financial plc, joining the home credit and online credit businesses, the Central Bank of Ireland in late 2014 fined and reprimanded Provident for flagrant breaches of the regulatory requirements aimed at protecting Irish consumers. The five whistleblowers who reported the law breaking were then sacked by Provident which led to the matter being raised in Dáil Éireann, the companys home credit business lends to people in their homes via a network of local agents
22.
SEAT
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SEAT, S. A. is a Spanish automobile manufacturer with its head office in Martorell, Spain. It was founded on May 9,1950, by the Instituto Nacional de Industria and it is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of the German Volkswagen Group. The headquarters of SEAT, S. A. are located at SEATs industrial complex in Martorell near Barcelona, SEAT today is the only major Spanish car manufacturer with the ability and the infrastructure to develop its own cars in-house. The plant was opened by King Juan Carlos of Spain on February 22,1993, a rail connection between SEATs Martorell and Zona Franca complexes facilitates vehicle and parts transportation between the two sites. In Wolfsburg, Germany, in the middle of a lake inside the Autostadt, in its 60 years, there was only a short period from 1953 to 1965 when the firm produced its cars exclusively for the domestic Spanish market. Until the early 1980s, however, most SEAT exports were sold with Fiat badging, as a response to SEATs bid for independence, Fiat committed themselves to selling 200,000 SEAT-built cars a year from 1981, compared to 120,000 the year before. At the end of 1983, just after SEAT had won its legal battle with Fiat, in Europe, they were represented in West Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria, and Greece. The UK, Ireland, and various Scandinavian markets were planned to be added in 1984 and this was in spite of the company only being able to export the Ronda, with the Fura to follow. Its core market remains Europe, while the most successful market outside of Europe in terms of sales for SEAT is currently Mexico, in Europe the brand has been launched in almost 40 countries across Northern, Western, Southern, Eastern Europe and Russia. In the years to come SEAT plans expanding in even more markets, SEATs further expansion plans in more markets outside of Europe have yet to be realised. In the past the company was considering a launch in the United States although this move has never been carried out. SEAT has been present in the Russian Federation since 2007, In India all Volkswagen group brands are assembled or imported except SEAT, Spain is the worlds eighth largest producer of automobiles and its car market stands among the largest in Europe. In this period there was only limited car production and only a few low volume local manufacturers catering mainly to the end of the market. The situation greatly deteriorated with the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939, the lack of interest shown by the foreign firms in the weakened post civil war Spanish market opened an opportunity for local interests. The initial Banco Urquijos project aimed at running the S. I. A. T, with the rest of Europe having entered the World War II, and Spain itself in ruins from its civil war, the project was delayed but not abandoned due to its strategic importance. The favoured bidders were Germanys Volkswagen and Italys Fiat, Fiats collaboration with the French company Simca proved Fiats ability to manage complex international projects. In Italy, Fiat dominated the market for vehicles under 12 horsepower, in 1947, the Banco Urquijo group had revived the S. I. A. T. The Banco Urquijo group, although a minority share holder, looked forward to assuming a role in the future as soon as the company was privatesed
23.
Engie
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The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. Engie is a pioneer in energy in Europe with the development of the first pressurised water reactor built in Belgium. It is one of the few players in the sector to develop skills in both upstream and downstream activities. As a nuclear operator, ENGIE owns and operates seven reactors in Belgium through Electrabel, owns stakes in the Chooz and Tricastin plants in France and has drawing rights in Germany. The company, formed on 22 July 2008 by the merger of Gaz de France and Suez, since the merger in 2008, the French state holds approximately a third of the company. It adopted the Engie name in April 2015 in order to emphasize the nature of its energy business. The company holds a 35% stake in Suez Environnement, the water treatment, GDF Suez bought 70% of Britains International Power in August 2010, creating the worlds largest independent utility company. The purchase of the remaining 30% was announced by GDF Suez in April 2012, on July 1,2015, the company announced the acquisition of solar parks developer Solairedirect, which makes it the largest solar power electricity producer in France. As of 2015, Engie employs 154,950 people worldwide with revenues of €69.9 billion, Engie is listed on the Euronext exchanges in Paris and Brussels and is a constituent of the CAC40 and BEL20 indices. Prior to the GDF Suez merger plans in 2006, the company existed as two separate French multinational corporations - Suez S. A. and Gaz de France, with a heritage tracing two. Suez was one of the oldest continuously existing multinational corporations in the world as the result of two centuries of reorganisation and corporate mergers. One line of corporate history dates back to the 1822 founded Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter begunstiging van de volksvlijt by King William I of the Netherlands. The origin of its name Suez traces back to its other founding entity – the Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez founded in 1858 to build the Suez Canal. Suez S. A. was the result of a 1997 merger between the Compagnie de Suez and Lyonnaise des Eaux, Gaz de France was created in 1946 along with its sister company Électricité de France by the French Government. After the liberalisation of Europe’s energy markets, Gaz de France also entered into the electricity sector, the companys capital was partially floated on the Paris Stock Exchange in July 2005, raising €2.5 billion for the French Government. Since the French state owned over 80% of Gaz de France, in August 2006, the left-wing opposition submitted a record-breaking 137,449 amendments to the proposed legislation. Under normal procedure, parliament would have required to vote on the amendments. The French Constitution does give the government options to bypass such a filibuster, 2006-1537 of 7 December 2006 on the energy sector authorised the privatisation of Gaz de France
24.
MTK Budapest FC
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Magyar Testgyakorlók Köre Budapest Futball Club or shortly MTK is a Hungarian football club based in Józsefváros, Budapest. The team plays in the first division of the Hungarian League, the clubs colours are blue and white. As one of the most successful Hungarian football clubs, MTK has won the Hungarian League 23 times, the club has also won the Hungarian Super Cup 2 times. The club founded the Sándor Károly Football Academy in 2001, the Academy also has a partnership agreement with English club Liverpool F. C. About a dozen sport-loving citizens decided on 16 November 1888 in a cafe in Budapest to form the Magyar Testgyakorlók Köre, a number of its founding members were aristocrats and members of the capitals Jewish community. The colours of the club became blue and white, and it had 31 members by the end of its inaugural year, the clubs first divisions offered sporting possibilities only for fencing and gymnastics. As football was spreading far and wide in Hungary also the club established its football division on 12 March 1901, the first public football match of the Blues was a 0–0 draw against Budapesti TC, which later became Hungarian champions in 1901 and 1902. MTK started to play football in the 2nd league in 1902, the first year brought the club a 3rd place and it did not take long for the Blues to win the first championship, which happened a year later in 1904. MTK won their first Hungarian League title in the 1904 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season and they won 11 matches and drew three times and lost only twice. MTKs second Hungarian League title was won in the 1907–08 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, MTK won the league without losing any matches. The 1910s was a period for the club since they won the Hungarian League five times. MTK Budapest finished first in the 1913–14 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, out of the 18 matches MTK managed to win 15 and drew only three times. In the 1916–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season MTK finished first, MTK won 21 out of 22 matches and lost to Törekvés SE. In the 1917–18 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season MTK finished first again, in this season MTK could win 21 out of 22 matches and overtook their arch-rival Ferencvárosi TC. In the 1918–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season MTK finished first, MTK could overtake Ferencvárosi TC and Újpest FC. The first president of the club became an entrepreneur, his vice a close friend of him who turned out to be an excellent sport-oriented organiser. His name was Alfréd Brüll, and he became the clubs legendary, before the introduction of professional football, MTK was the most successful Hungarian team. Prior to the Second World War the team managed to win 15 Hungarian League titles, during the professional era the team could not repeat the same performance but still won 2 championships
25.
Vasas SC
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Vasas SC is one of Hungarys major sports clubs. Most of its facilities are situated in Budapests 13th district in the north of the town, members of the Hungarian Union of Iron Workers founded the club as Vas-és Fémmunkások Sport Clubja, the Sport Club of Iron and Metal Workers, on 16 March 1911. The club colours are red and blue, Vasas FC has won the Hungarian League six times. Vasas is known internationally for reaching the finals of the 1957–58 European Cup season. In their first season the club finished 6th, Vasas finished third in the 1924–25 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season. Only MTK Budapest and Ferencváros could overtake the club in the championship, in the following season the club could repeat their success. Vasas collected 29 points and won 11 out of 22 matches in the season, in the 1928–29 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season Vasas finished 11th and they were relegated. Vasas won only 5 out of the 22 matches and gained only 14 points, Vasas returned to the top flight of the Hungarian League in the 1930–31 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season and the club finished 8th securing their membership in the top league. However, in the next season Vasas were relegated again for the time in the clubs history. Vasas finished 11th and collected only 13 points by winning only 5 out of 22 matches, Vasas won their first Hungarian League title in 1957 and they entered the 1957–58 European Cup. On 4 September 1957 PFC CSKA Sofia beat Vasas 2-1 at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in the first leg of the preliminary round, on 3 October 1957 Vasas beat 6-1 PFC CSKA Sofia at Népstadion in the second leg of the preliminary round. On 20 November 1957 BSC Young Boys drew with Vasas at the Charmilles Stadium in the first leg of the first round, on 30 November 1957 Vasas beat BSC Young Boys at Népstadion. On 5 February 1958 Ajax Amsterdam drew with Vasas at the Olympisch Stadion in the first leg of the quarter finals, on 26 February 1958 Vasas beat 4-0 Ajax Amsterdam at Népstadion. The goals were scored by Szilágyi, Csordás, and Bundzsák, on 2 April 1958 Real Madrid C. F. beat 4-0 Vasas at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in the first leg of the semi-final. Although Vasas beat Real Madrid 2-0 at the Népstadion on 16 April 1958, Vasas have been the most successful Hungarian club in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League history along with Győri ETO FC. Vasas won the 1960–61 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, as a consequence, Vasas were eligible to enter the 1961–62 European Cup. In the preliminary round, Vasas hosted Real Madrid C. F. and lost to 2-0 on 6 September in 1961 at Népstadion, in the second leg of the preiminary round on 20 September 1961 Vasas lost to 3-1 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid, Spain. The following year Vasas could repeat the success by winning the 1961–62 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, Vasas competed in the 1962–63 European Cup
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Tibor Simon, Defender (1985–99) – posthumous honour.[29]
