1.
Natural history
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Natural history is the research and study of organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. It encompasses scientific research but is not limited to it, with articles nowadays more often published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the sciences, natural history is the systematic study of any category of natural objects or organisms. That is a broad designation in a world filled with many narrowly focused disciplines. For example, geobiology has a strong multi-disciplinary nature combining scientists, a person who studies natural history is known as a naturalist or natural historian. The English term natural history is a translation of the Latin historia naturalis and its meaning has narrowed progressively with time, while the meaning of the related term nature has widened. In antiquity, it covered essentially anything connected with nature or which used materials drawn from nature. For example, Pliny the Elders encyclopedia of this title, published circa 77 to 79 AD, covers astronomy, geography, man and his technology, medicine and superstition as well as animals and plants. Medieval European academics considered knowledge to have two divisions, the humanities and divinity, with science studied largely through texts rather than observation or experiment. In modern terms, natural philosophy roughly corresponded to modern physics and chemistry, natural history had been encouraged by practical motives, such as Linnaeus aspiration to improve the economic condition of Sweden. Similarly, the Industrial Revolution prompted the development of geology to help find useful mineral deposits, the astronomer, William Herschel was also a natural historian. Instead of working with plants or minerals he worked with the stars and he spent his time building telescopes to see the stars and the rest of the time watching the stars. In the beginning, he believed there to be a known as a nebulae. Herschel can be considered a natural historian because he observed the natural world, in the process he made charts of all the stars and kept records of all that he saw. S. Wilcove and T. Eisner, The close observation of organisms—their origins, their evolution, their behavior and it encompasses changes in internal states insofar as they pertain to what organisms do. Some definitions go further, focusing on observation of organisms in their environment. Bartholomew, A student of history, or a naturalist, studies the world by observing plants. A common thread in many definitions of natural history is the inclusion of a component, as seen in a recent definition by H. W. Greene
2.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
3.
Mesozoic
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The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about 252 to 66 million years ago. This Era is also called from a paleobotanist view the Age of Conifers, Mesozoic means middle life, deriving from the Greek prefix meso-/μεσο- for between and zōon/ζῷον meaning animal or living being. It is one of three eras of the Phanerozoic Eon, preceded by the Paleozoic and succeeded by the Cenozoic. The era is subdivided into three periods, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous, which are further subdivided into a number of epochs. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climate and evolutionary activity, the era witnessed the gradual rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea into separate landmasses that would eventually move into their current positions. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods, overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Birds first appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs, the first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg —until the Cenozoic. Following the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic extended roughly 186 million years and this time frame is separated into three geologic periods. It is also known as the Great Dying because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earths history, the upper boundary of the Mesozoic is set at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are believed to have contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs, the Triassic ranges roughly from 252 million to 201 million years ago. The Triassic is a time in Earths history bracketed between the Permian Extinction and the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, two of the big five, and precedes the Jurassic Period and it has three major epochs, the Early Triassic, the Middle Triassic and the Late Triassic. The Early Triassic was between about 252 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing, the Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life became extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, labyrinthodonts. Temnospondyls evolved during this time and would be the dominant predator for much of the Triassic, the Middle Triassic spans roughly from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, the ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Algae, sponge, corals, and crustaceans all had recovered, new aquatic reptiles evolved, such as ichthyosaurs and nothosaurs. Meanwhile, on land, pine forests flourished, as did groups of insects like mosquitoes, the first ancient crocodilians evolved, which sparked competition with the large amphibians that had since ruled the freshwater world
4.
Atrium (architecture)
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In architecture, an atrium is a large open air or skylight covered space surrounded by a building. Atria were a feature in Ancient Roman dwellings, providing light. Modern atria, as developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, are several stories high and having a glazed roof or large windows. Atria are a design feature because they give their buildings a feeling of space. The atrium has become a key feature of buildings in recent years. Atria are popular with building users, building designers and building developers, users like atria because they create a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that environment. Designers enjoy the opportunity to new types of spaces in buildings. Fire control is an important aspect of contemporary atrium design due to criticism that poorly designed atria could allow fire to spread to a buildings upper stories more quickly. The Latin word atrium referred to the central court from which enclosed rooms led off. The impluvium was a shallow pool sunken into the floor to catch rainwater from the roof, some surviving examples are beautifully decorated. The opening in the ceiling above the pool called for some means of support for the roof, as the centrepiece of the house, the atrium was the most lavishly-furnished room. Also, it contained the chapel to the ancestral spirits. The term was used for a variety of spaces in public and religious buildings, mostly forms of arcaded courtyards. Byzantine churches were often entered through such a space, the 19th century brought the industrial revolution with great advances in iron and glass manufacturing techniques. Courtyards could then have horizontal glazing overhead, eliminating some of the elements from the space. One of the public spaces at Federation Square, in Melbourne, Australia, is called The Atrium and is a street-like space, five storeys high with glazed walls. The structure and glazing pattern follow the system of fractals used to arrange the panels on the rest of the facades at Federation Square, as of 2016, the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, has the worlds tallest atrium at 590 feet. The Luxor Hotel, in Las Vegas, Nevada, has the largest atrium in the world at 29 million cubic feet, cavaedium Courtyard Quadrangle Roth, Leland M. Understanding Architecture, Its Elements History and Meaning
5.
Fernbank Science Center
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The Fernbank Science Center is a museum, classroom, and woodland complex located in Atlanta. The nearby Fernbank Museum of Natural History is a private organization that is separate from the Science Center. The Fernbank Science Center opened in December 1967, and is an educational facility and it provides programs for the science education of local students, pre-K-12. Both its planetarium and observatory are open for public shows on specific occasions, the mission of the Science Center is to provide and promote an understanding of science and technology and to communicate to its visitors the harmony and order of the natural world. Fernbank contains many materials for instruction, including dinosaur skeletons, rocks and minerals, a collection of tektites, an Aeronautics Education Laboratory and an electron microscope lab. The center also has an authentic Apollo spacecraft from the unmanned Apollo 6 Saturn V test flight, the Jim Cherry Memorial Planetarium is a 500-seat celestial theater in the round, equipped with a 70-foot, a Mark V Zeiss star projector, and over 100 special effects projectors. The planetarium, which was built in the 1967s is the largest planetarium within the state of Georgia and it was also the first planetarium to be owned and operated by a public school system in the United States of America. A major component of technological upgrade is the projection system. The fulldome system is intended to complement the planetariums iconic Zeiss star projector not replace it, prior to the 2012 upgrade, Fernbank staff had been using standard projectors for the video portions of the shows, which put an image on only a small segment of the dome. With the digital projection system which throws extraordinarily bright light onto a spherical mirror tuned to the exact shape of our dome. Now the video and other images cover the entire dome, before the upgrade science center staff had the capability to project images, which was rather like a slide show. With the new system, animated images move across the entire surface, Fernbank LINKS was established in 2002. Since then, the team has participated in two robotics competitions, while winning many awards. All of their members graduate high school and pursue a college degree, in the fall, Fernbank LINKS competes in and hosts the free Georgia BEST Robotics Competition. During their original tenure from 2004-2014, LINKS had been one of the more successful BEST Teams in Georgia, however, in 2015, they forfeited their chance to compete in order to host the Georgia BEST hub. Under their leadership,12 BEST teams competed, with 2 qualifying for the Souths BEST Regional Championship, in 2016, LINKS plans to expand the Georgia BEST hub to 24 teams, thus allowing more teams to experience the fun of STEM. In the spring, Fernbank LINKS competes in the FIRST Robotics Competition, like the BEST Robotics Competition, teams are challenged to build a robot in 6 weeks. Following the main season, teams prepare for and compete in competitions to advance to the FIRST Championship
6.
DeKalb County, Georgia
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DeKalb County is a county in the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 691,893, DeKalb County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta and it is Georgias most diverse county. In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities entirely within the county. The oldest existing house in the county is the 1831 Goodwin House along Peachtree Road in Brookhaven, in 1853, Fulton County formed from the western half of DeKalb, divided along a perfectly straight and due north/south line down the middle. Until this time, the city of Atlanta had been inside DeKalb. North and southwest Fulton came from two counties, Milton and southeast Campbell, respectively. DeKalb once extended further north to the Chattahoochee River, but this strip was later given to Milton. During the Civil War, much of the Battle of Atlanta took place in DeKalb, until the 1960s, DeKalb was a mainly agricultural county, but as the sprawl of the metropolitan Atlanta region expanded, DeKalb became increasingly urbanized. Only Interstate 20 and Interstate 85 were successfully built through the county, DeKalb also became one of only two counties to approve MARTA rapid transit in the 1970s, the county now contains the east and northeast heavy rail lines. The current Chief Executive Officer of DeKalb County is Michael Thurmond and he took office on January 1,2017. Fire services are provided throughout the county by DeKalb County Fire, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is based in the Druid Hills CDP in an unincorporated area in the county. The Federal Bureau of Investigation Atlanta Field Office is located in Chamblee, the Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice has its headquarters in Avondale Estates, near Decatur. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation has its headquarters near Decatur, in an unincorporated area, the Metro State Prison of the Georgia Department of Corrections was formerly located in an unincorporated area in DeKalb County. Female death row inmates resided in the Metro State Prison, the prison was closed in 2011. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 271 square miles. The county is crossed by the South River and numerous creeks, including Nancy Creek, Snapfinger Creek, Peachtree Creek and Nancy Creek drain into the Chattahoochee River and eventually to the Gulf of Mexico. South River drains into the Ocmulgee River and ultimately into the Atlantic Ocean, Stone Mountain lies near the eastern border of the county
7.
IMAX
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IMAX is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards developed in Canada by Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr, and William C. IMAX has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size, since 2002, some feature films have been converted into IMAX format for displaying in IMAX theatres and some have also been partially shot in IMAX. IMAX is the most widely used system for special-venue film presentations, as of June 2016, there were 1,102 IMAX theatres in 69 countries. The desire to increase the impact of film has a long history. In 1929, Fox introduced Fox Grandeur, the first 70 mm film format, in the 1950s, the potential of 35 mm film to provide wider projected images was explored in the processes of CinemaScope and VistaVision, following multi-projector systems such as Cinerama. While impressive, Cinerama was difficult to install, during Expo 67 in Montreal, the National Film Board of Canadas In the Labyrinth and Fergusons Man and the Polar Regions both used multi-projector, multi-screen systems. Each encountered technical difficulties led them to found a company called Multiscreen. As it became clear that a single, large-screen image had more impact than multiple smaller ones and was a viable product direction. An IMAX 3D theatre also is in operation near the former Expo 67 site at the Montreal Science Centre in the Port of Old Montreal, tiger Child, the first IMAX film, was demonstrated at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. The first permanent IMAX installation was built at the Cinesphere theatre at Ontario Place in Toronto and it debuted in May 1971, showing the film North of Superior. The installation is still in place, however, Ontario Place is on hiatus for redevelopment, during Expo 74 in Spokane, Washington, an IMAX screen that measured 27 m ×20 m was featured in the US Pavilion. It became the first IMAX Theatre to not be partnered with any brand of movie theaters. About five million visitors viewed the screen, which covered the total visual field when looking directly forward. This created a sensation of motion in most viewers, and motion sickness in some, much to the dismay of the majority of Spokane and the disapproval of the IMAX Corporation itself, it will be demolished to make way for a parking lot. Another IMAX 3D theater was built in Spokane, not too far from where the original was. However, its screen-size is less than half that of the original, due to protests, the IMAX Corporation has been able to remodel the area with the city, and turn the U. S. Pavilion itself into the first permanent outdoor IMAX screen, the first permanent IMAX Dome installation, the Eugene Heikoff and Marilyn Jacobs Heikoff Dome Theatre at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, opened in San Diegos Balboa Park in 1973, the first permanent IMAX 3D theatre was built in Vancouver, British Columbia for Transitions at Expo 86, and was in use until September 30,2009
8.
Atlantic Station
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This article describes the neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia. For the Atlantic Avenue subway stations in New York City, see the list of New York City Subway stations, for the light-rail station in Newark, New Jersey, see Atlantic Street. Atlantic Station is a neighborhood on the edge of Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States comprising a retail district, office space, condominiums, townhomes. First planned in the mid-1990s and officially opened in 2005, the neighborhoods 138 acres are located on the brownfield site of the Atlantic Steel mill. Atlantic Station is located on the site of the Atlantic Steel mill, developer Jim Jacoby, who also redeveloped Floridas Marineland, began putting the project together in 1997 when his company became the property contractor of the land. The development was planned to include 15,000,000 square feet of retail, office. Its size encouraged the Postal Service to award the neighborhood its own ZIP code,30363, Atlantic Station was designed with energy efficiency in mind and many of the buildings are LEED certified. The proposed BeltLine transit/greenway project is expected to pass within a few miles of the development, in October 2003, the very first residents moved into the development. The 17th Street bridge was completed in January 2004 and the first round of retail establishments opened in October 2005, Atlantic Station received the EPAs 2004 Phoenix Award as the Best National Brownfield Redevelopment, as well as the Sierra Clubs 2005 Americas Best New Development Projects listing. In July 2005, a fire completely destroyed a large wood-frame residential building under construction. Two days later, it was ruled arson after a major investigation, at least five million dollars of damage was done to the buildings,18 cars parked on the street were destroyed and another 7 were seriously damaged from the intense heat. In a joint venture, North American Properties Atlanta, founded by Mark Toro, Toro and the NAP management launched a social media blitz, attended community meetings and real estate symposiums to openly discuss challenges, such as crime, and invite feedback. Toros vision to transform Atlantic Station included new retail, new restaurants, better parking, on October 1,2015, Atlantic Stations retail core was officially sold to Hines Interest Limited Partnership with an unnamed joint financial partner. Atlantic Station comprises three areas that are lined along 17th Street between the Downtown Connector and Northside Drive, the District, the Commons, and the Village. The District is where most of Atlantic Stations retail and office space is located, opened on October 21,2005, it was constructed in the style of an outdoor mall, with choices of shopping, dining, and a 16-screen Regal movie theater. Above the retail levels is a two to three stories of condominiums. With the 7, 200-space parking garage underneath, the area is pedestrian-friendly. The southwest corner of The District is home to the 26-story, 336-foot TWELVE Hotel and Residences Atlantic Station, in addition, townhomes constructed in 2004 line 16th Street one block south of The District
9.
Underground Atlanta
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Underground Atlanta is a shopping and entertainment district in the Five Points neighborhood of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States, near the Five Points MARTA station. First opened in 1969, it takes advantage of the viaducts built over the many railroad tracks to accommodate later automobile traffic. Each level has two halls, still called Upper and Lower Alabama and Pryor Streets. In 1869, the Georgia Railroad freight depot was constructed to replace the one destroyed by Shermans troops in 1864, the depot, which stands at the entrance of Underground Atlanta, remains the oldest building in downtown Atlanta. However, the depot was originally three stories tall but the second and third story were destroyed by fire, besides the train station, the bustling district included hotels, banks, law offices, and saloons. By 1910, several iron bridges had been built to cross the tracks at Union Street. At the suggestion of Atlanta architect Haralson Bleckley, the bridges were rebuilt in concrete, eventually, Bleckley envisioned public plazas between the bridges, but only one, Plaza Park, was ever built. One of the first mentions of the area is in the lines of Bessie Smiths 1927 Preachin The Blues which documents its importance as an entertainment district. For the next forty years, as Atlanta continued to grow at street level, Underground Atlanta, Inc. was incorporated May 2,1967 and began acquiring options to lease buildings under Central Ave, Pryor, Whitehall, Hunter, Alabama, and Wall Street viaducts. Fuller and Paterson purchased all the stock in October 1967. A constitutional amendment was passed in Georgia naming the area a historic site, on April 8,1969, Underground Atlanta officially opened with new restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and music venues installed in the old individual storefronts. At the time, Fulton County was the county in the state of Georgia that permitted mixed alcoholic beverages to be served, provided that men wore coats. As a result, Underground Atlanta quickly became the center of downtown Atlanta nightlife, feelgood and the Interns, played from 1969 to 1979. Other attractions included a shop owned by governor Lester Maddox. With the old-style architecture lending considerable charm to the district, Underground Atlanta was compared to Bourbon Street in New Orleans, by 1972, its most profitable year, Underground had 3.5 million visitors and $17 million in sales. The heyday of Underground Atlanta lasted for half a decade. When neighboring DeKalb County relaxed their restrictions on alcohol consumption in the early 1970s, new bars sprouted up in parts of the city. The dress code restrictions were dropped and fights began to break out, the construction of the MARTA East Line beginning in 1975 tore out several blocks of clubs and eliminated parking
10.
The Varsity
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The Varsity is a restaurant chain, iconic in the modern culture of Atlanta, Georgia. The main branch of the chain is the largest drive-in fast food restaurant in the world, there are now six other branches across metropolitan Atlanta, and another near the University of Georgia in Athens. Originally named “The Yellow Jacket”, The Varsity was established in 1928 at the corner of Luckie Street and its founder, Frank Gordy of Thomaston, Georgia, a Reinhardt University graduate, briefly attended The Georgia Institute of Technology but dropped out in 1925. Then, as now, the restaurant catered heavily to Georgia Tech students, as the business grew, Gordy was forced to move the restaurant to 61 North Avenue. To accommodate the crowds, the present structure now covers two city blocks and it was here that the name was changed to The Varsity, reflecting his desire to expand to other college campuses. During the drive-in era, The Varsity began its curbside service, the current location in Atlanta is now adjacent to the Downtown Connectors interchange with North Avenue. When that freeway was built by GDOT, it out several blocks of Williams Street and much of The Varsitys western parking lot. The restaurant and the Georgia Tech campus sit on opposite sides of the Connector, the first Athens location opened in 1932. The enterprise has since expanded to Athens, Kennesaw, Gwinnett County, Alpharetta, the Varsity, Jr. located in northeast Atlanta, was the only other location of the chain to offer curbside service. The Varsity, Jr. closed in August 2010 after more than 40 years at that location, the plans for the new Varsity, Jr. were instead used for the new location in Dawsonville. In addition, the location is responsible for more retail sales of Coca-Cola, on an annual basis than any other single location in the world. The restaurant also offers catering services to the metro Atlanta region for both corporate and non-corporate functions, going as far east as Conyers and Stone Mountain, Georgia, there is also a mini-Varsity on the campus of Reinhardt University in Waleska, Georgia. Frank Gordy met his wife, Evelyn, at Reinhardt in 1924 and their custom-designed home was later moved from Atlanta to the Reinhardt University campus. Gordy Parkway, a named for Frank Gordy, serves all of these. One of the employees at the Varsity was Erby Walker. He started at the Varsity at the age of fifteen sweeping floors, and was fired on the first day. Mr. Walker was noted for his ability to move the line quickly, especially during the rush period right before a Georgia Tech football game. His signature catchphrase was, Have your money out and your food on your mind and he retired in 2003, but came back three weeks later
11.
Atlanta City Hall
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The Atlanta City Hall building is the headquarters of the City of Atlanta government. It was constructed in 1930, and is located in Downtown Atlanta and it is a high-rise office tower very similar to dozens of other city halls built in the United States during the same time period. Located in South Downtown, it is near other governmental structures, such as the Georgia State Capitol, the Neo-Gothic structure features many architectural details that have helped to make the building a historical landmark. It is Atlantas fourth city hall, after half a decade of makeshift meeting places for city business, in 1853 mayor of Atlanta John Mims purchased the four-acre Peterss Reserve from Richard Peters for $5,000. On this land was built a brick structure for the city hall as well as some court functions. Each floor was 70 by 100-foot providing nearly 15, 000-square-foot of space, in 1882, Atlanta City Hall was relocated to the old chamber of commerce building, which was four stories tall and located on the northeast corner of Pryor and Hunter. It was the city hall from 1882 to 1911, in 1911, the city hall moved to what once the U. S. Post Office and Customs House, located on the side of Marietta Street between Forsyth and Fairlie. Purchased from the U. S. federal government by Atlanta mayor Robert Maddox for $70,000 and it was so solidly built that the first company hired to raze it actually went out of business before completing the job. The current city hall, designed by G. Lloyd Preacher, was completed in February 1930, the house was one of the few buildings in Atlanta that Sherman did not destroy. At the time, it belonged to Richard F. Lyon and this building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. An annex was completed in 1989, and the building was designated a landmark building exterior on October 23 of that year. Between 1990–2010 some city hall services had been available at City Hall East, located on Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood, the building formerly belonged to Sears. The city of Atlanta sold the building in June 2011 to Jamestown, a developer and it was renamed Ponce City Market. NYT1991 article Atlanta, Georgia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
12.
Georgia State Capitol
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The Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It has been named a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and it is the main office building of Georgias government. The offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state are on the second floor, the fourth floor houses visitors galleries overlooking the legislative chambers and a museum. The capitol site was occupied previously by the first Atlanta City Hall, to encourage the state government to relocate the capital city to rapidly growing and industrialized Atlanta from rural Milledgeville, the city donated the site. The first capitol in Louisville no longer stands, while in Augusta and Savannah the legislature met in makeshift facilities, the legislature also met at other places, including Macon, especially during and just after the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. Like many U. S. state capitols, the Georgia State Capitol is designed to resemble the Classical architectural style of the United States Capitol, in Washington, D. C. Completed in 1889, the building was designed by architects Willoughby J. Edbrooke and Franklin Pierce Burnham, of Chicago, the building was constructed by Miles and Horne, of Toledo, Ohio. Sculptor George Crouch executed all the work on the building. The commission that oversaw the planning and construction of the building included former Confederate general Philip Cook, the Capitol faces west on Washington Street. The façade features a portico, with stone pediment, supported by six Corinthian columns set on large stone piers. Georgias coat of arms, with two figures on each side, is engraved on the pediment, the Capitols interior represents the 19th-century style of its time. It was among the earliest buildings to have elevators, centralized steam heat, Classical pilasters and oak paneling are used throughout the building. The floors of the interior are made of marble from Pickens County, the open central rotunda is flanked by two wings, each with a grand staircase and three-story atrium crowned by clerestory windows. The Capitol building has undergone frequent renovations to adapt to the growth, for this reason, legislative business is often referred to as what is happening under the gold dome by media across the state. The statue Miss Freedom has adorned the dome since the buildings opening, in 1997, the House and Senate chambers were restored to their 1889 appearance with replicated decoration and color schemes. This included the demolition of damaged plaster, the reinstallation of flat plaster at the dome, columns, and walls, the museum within the Capitol, in existence since 1889, houses extensive collections representing the natural and cultural history of Georgia. Native American artifacts, animals, rocks and minerals, and fossils illustrate the diversity of the collections, during restoration or renovation, most of the collection remains in storage. The portraits of governors, statues of famous Georgians, and historic flags from many wars are displayed throughout the Capitol, the Georgia Capitol Museum is a public education institution in the Office of the Secretary of State
