Ferrari 250 GTO

Ferrari 250 GTO
1962 Ferrari 250 GTO, chassis 3851GT
Overview
Manufacturer	Ferrari
Production	1962–1964 (36 produced)
Designer	Giotto Bizzarrini Sergio Scaglietti
Body and chassis
Class	Sports car
Body style	2-door berlinetta
Layout	FR layout
Related	330 LMB 250 LM
Powertrain
Engine	2,953 cc (3.0 L; 180.2 cu in) Tipo 168 Comp/62 60º V12 SOHC 2 valves per cylinder valvetrain configuration 6 Weber 38 DCN carburetors 300 PS (296 hp; 221 kW) @ 7500 rpm 294 N⋅m; 217 lbf⋅ft (30 kg⋅m) @ 5500 rpm Compression ratio 9.7:1 [1][2][3]
Transmission	5-speed Dog-leg manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,400 mm (94.5 in)
Length	4,325 mm (170.3 in)
Width	1,600 mm (63.0 in)
Height	1,210 mm (47.6 in)
Curb weight	880 kg (1,940 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor	Ferrari 250 GT SWB
Successor	Ferrari 250 LM

Rear view of 1962 250 GTO (chassis 4153GT)

The Ferrari 250 GTO is a GT car produced by Ferrari from 1962 to 1964 for homologation into the FIA's Group 3 Grand Touring Car category. It was powered by Ferrari's Tipo 168/62 Colombo V12 engine.

The "250" in its name denotes the displacement in cubic centimeters of each of its cylinders; "GTO" stands for "Gran Turismo Omologata",^[4] Italian for "Grand Touring Homologated."

Just 36 250 GTOs were manufactured between 1962 and 1964. This includes 33 cars with 1962-63 bodywork (Series I) and three with 1964 (Series II) bodywork similar to the Ferrari 250 LM. Four of the older 1962-1963 (Series I) cars were updated in 1964 with Series II bodies.

When new, the GTO cost $18,000 in the United States, with buyers personally approved by Enzo Ferrari and his dealer for North America, Luigi Chinetti. In October 2013, Connecticut-based collector Paul Pappalardo sold chassis number 5111GT to an unnamed buyer for a new record of around $52 million.^[5] In June 2018 the 1964 250 GTO set an all-time record selling price of $70 million.^[6][7]

In 2004, Sports Car International placed the 250 GTO eighth on a list of Top Sports Cars of the 1960s, and nominated it the top sports car of all time. Similarly, Motor Trend Classic placed the 250 GTO first on a list of the "Greatest Ferraris of All Time."^[8] Popular Mechanics named it the "Hottest Car of All Time." ^[9]

Design and development[edit]

Tipo 168/62 Colombo V12 engine

The 250 GTO was designed to compete in Group 3 GT racing, where its rivals would include the Shelby Cobra, Jaguar E-Type and Aston Martin DP214.^[10] The development of the 250 GTO was headed by chief engineer Giotto Bizzarrini. Although Bizzarrini is usually credited as the designer of the 250 GTO, he and most other Ferrari engineers were fired in 1962 due to a dispute with Enzo Ferrari . Further development of the 250 GTO was overseen by new engineer Mauro Forghieri, who worked with Scaglietti to continue development of the body.^[11] The design of the car was a collaborative effort and cannot be ascribed to a single person.

The mechanical aspects of 250 GTO were relatively conservative at the time of its introduction, using engine and chassis components that were proven in earlier competition cars. The chassis of the car was based on that of the 250 GT SWB, with minor differences in frame structure and geometry to reduce weight, stiffen and lower the chassis. The car was built around a hand-welded oval tube frame, incorporating A-arm front suspension, rear live-axle with Watt's linkage, disc brakes, and Borrani wire wheels. The engine was the race-proven Tipo 168/62 Comp. 3.0 L (2,953 cc) V12 as used in the 250 Testa Rossa Le Mans winner. An all-alloy design utilizing a dry sump and six 38DCN Weber carburetors, it produced approximately 300 PS (296 bhp; 221 kW) at 7500 rpm and 294 N⋅m; 217 lbf⋅ft (30 kg⋅m) at 5500 rpm of torque. The gearbox was a new 5-speed unit with Porsche-type synchromesh.^[11]

Bizzarrini focused his design effort on the car's aerodynamics in an attempt to improve top speed and stability. The body design was informed by wind tunnel testing at Pisa University as well as road and track testing with several prototypes. The resulting all-aluminium bodywork had a long, low nose, small radiator inlet, and distinctive air intakes on the nose with removable covers. Early testing resulted in the addition of a rear spoiler. The underside of the car was covered by a belly pan and had an additional spoiler underneath formed by the fuel tank cover. The aerodynamic design of the 250 GTO was a major technical innovation compared to previous Ferrari GT cars, and in line with contemporary developments by manufacturers such as Lotus. The bodies were constructed by Scaglietti, with the exception of early prototypes with bodies constructed in-house by Ferrari or by Pininfarina (in the case of s/n 2643 GT). Cars were produced in many colours, with the most famous being the bright red "Rosso Cina".^[11]

Interior of 250 GTO (chassis 3647GT)

The minimalist interior of a 250 GTO reflects the car's racing intentions. There is no speedometer, seats are cloth-upholstered, and neither carpeting nor a headliner was installed. Cockpit ventilation is via exterior air inlets.^[11] The exposed metal gate defining the shift pattern became a Ferrari tradition maintained in production models until replaced by steering column-mounted paddle shifters in the 2000s.^[12]

Variants and related models[edit]

Handbuild production, updates, and repairs throughout each car's competition history result in differences both visible and invisible between individual 250 GTOs. Variance in air intake/vent configuration is common among cars. Modifications to the original bodywork were performed by the factory, Scaglietti, or other body shops, usually after crashes or according to a racing team's wishes.^[11]

1964 250 GTO (chassis 5575GT), clearly showing the updated Series II bodywork

In 1964, Ferrari tasked Mauro Forghieri and Mike Parkes with redesigning the 250 GTO's bodywork, resulting in what became known as the GTO '64 (or Series II). Three new cars were produced to the 1964 specification, and four earlier 250 GTOs were retrofitted to it by the factory.^[11] This redesign was intended to maintain the GTO's competitiveness for one more year, as the FIA decided to not approve the 250 LM for GT-class racing during the 1964 season. The Ferrari engineers incorporated many of the 250LM's aerodynamic features into the 1964 GTO. This resulted in a visual similarity between the two models, even though the GTO does not share the 250LM's mid engine rear wheel drive layout. The factory also made minor modifications to the engine, gearbox, chassis, suspension and interior. Despite these changes, the overall performance improvement was slight. The GTO '64 still saw some racing success with factory and privateer teams, including an overall win at Daytona in 1964 by Phil Hill and Pedro Rodriguez driving for NART. ^[13][14][15]

Three 330 GTO specials were made using the 250 GTO chassis and body fitted with 400 Superamerica 4.0L motors. Distinguished by a larger bonnet bulge, these cars were used briefly for racing and testing by Scuderia Ferrari before being sold to private customers.^[16]

The 330 LMB is sometimes considered a GTO variant. These cars used a 4.0L 330 motor and a modified 250 GT Lusso chassis/body. Four were produced in 1963.

Three 275 GTB/C Speciales were built in 1964/65. Despite their origins as competition versions of the 275 GTB, they are sometimes considered developments of the 250 GTO due to similarity of configuration and bodywork.^[17][18]

The Ferrari 250 GT SWB Breadvan was a one-off racing car designed for Scuderia Serenissima by Bizzarrini after his departure from Ferrari. It was developed specifically to compete against the then-new 250 GTO. Although based on the earlier 250 GT SWB, the Breadvan provided an opportunity for Bizzarrini to develop the ideas he had first explored with the GTO, such as lower and more aerodynamic bodywork, incorporation of a dry sump, and radical lightening of the entire car.

Racing[edit]

Four 250 GTOs and one 330 GTO (second to last car) at the 2012 Goodwood Revival

250 GTO (chassis 3809GT) driven by Kalman von Czazy and Karl Foitek during the 1963 1000km Nürburgring

FIA regulations in 1962 required at least one hundred examples of a car to be built in order for it to be homologated for Group 3 Grand Touring Car racing.^[19] However, Ferrari built only 39 250 GTOs (33 of the "normal" cars, three with the four-litre 330 engine sometimes called the "330 GTO"—recognizable by the large hump on the bonnet—and three "Type 64" cars, with revised bodywork). Ferrari eluded FIA regulations by numbering its chassis out of sequence, using jumps between each to suggest cars that did not exist.^[20] When FIA inspectors appeared to confirm that 100 examples had been built, Enzo Ferrari shuffled the same cars between different locations, thus giving the impression that the full complement of 100 cars was present.^[21]

The car debuted at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1962, driven by American Phil Hill (the Formula One World Driving Champion at the time) and Belgian Olivier Gendebien. Although originally annoyed that they were driving a GT-class car instead of one of the full-race Testa Rossas competing in the prototype class, the experienced pair impressed themselves (and everyone else) by finishing second overall behind the Testa Rossa of Bonnier and Scarfiotti.

Ferrari would go on to win the over 2000cc class of the FIA's International Championship for GT Manufacturers in 1962, 1963, and 1964,^[22] the 250 GTO being raced in each of those years. 250 GTOs also won the 1963 and 1964 Tour de France Automobile, marking Ferrari's nine year dominance of that race.

The 250 GTO was one of the last front-engined cars to remain competitive at the top level of sports car racing. Before the advent of vintage racing the 250 GTO, like other racing cars of the period, passed into obsolescence. Some were used in regional races, while others were used as road cars.

Collectibility[edit]

From the late 1970s to the late 1980s, classic car values rose rapidly and the 250 GTO became the most valuable Ferrari model, touted as the Ferrari that most completely embodies the characteristics of the manufacturer. Prices fell substantially during the car market crash of the early 90s, resulting in lows of $2,700,000 in September 1994 and $2,500,000 in May 1996. Prices began to climb again in the late 90s and have continued to rise through the present day. 250 GTOs have repeatedly broken records for most expensive car ever sold at auction or private sale.^{[6][7][5][23][24]} Scarcity and high prices led to the creation of several replica 250 GTOs on more common Ferrari chassis. Misrepresentations of the original cars, offered for sale at full market value, have been reported.^[25]

Price History[edit]

A 250 GTO (4757GT) belonging to the deceased Robert C. "Chris" Murray, a drug dealer who fled the United States in 1984, was seized by the FBI and sold in a sealed auction in 1987 for approximately $1.6 million. Murray bought the car in 1982 from a Beverly Hills dealer with $250,000 in cash from a backpack full of $20 and $50 notes.^[26] In 1989, at the peak of the boom, a 250 GTO was sold to a Japanese buyer for $14.6 million plus commission.^[27] By 1994 that example changed hands for about $3.5 million.^[27] In 2008, a British buyer^[28] bought a 250 GTO that formerly belonged to Lee Kun-hee of Samsung Electronics^[29] at an auction for a record £15.7 million.^[30] In May 2010, BBC Radio 2 DJ Chris Evans bought chassis number 4675 GT for £12 million.^[31] According to Octane Magazine, the Ferrari 250 GTO bearing chassis number 5095GT was sold by British real estate agent Jon Hunt to an unknown buyer. It has been disclosed that the buyer was Carlos Hank Rhon of Mexico, a member of one of the most influential families within the PRI ruling party. In February 2012, in what is believed to be the largest single car transaction in the United Kingdom, a Ferrari 250 GTO sold for over £20 million (approx. US$31.7 million).^[32]

On August 25, 2018, RM Sotheby's sold Greg Whitten's 250 GTO 3413GT at their Monterey auction.^[14] The final price inclusive of buyer's fee was $48,405,000, representing a new record for most expensive car ever sold at auction. The previous record was also held by a 250 GTO, 3851GT, which was sold at the Bonhams Quail Lodge auction in 2014. ^[24][23]

The price development of the GTO, all in US dollars is:^{[citation needed]}

• 1962–4 (new): $18,500
• 1965: $4,000^[33]
• 1965 (Dec): $10,500
• 1968 (Jun): $6,000
• 1969: $2,500 (Kruse International auction)
• 1971 (Jan): $9,500
• 1971 (Mar): $6,000 (Number 3589GT)
• 1971 (Jul): $12,000
• 1973 (Jul): $17,500 (£7,000)
• 1974 (Spring): $28,000 (£12,450)
• 1975 (Spring): $35,000 (Number 3223GT)
• 1975 (Dec): $48,000
• 1977 : £37,000 - Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason bought his car with his proceeds from the album Dark Side Of The Moon^[34]
• 1978 (Aug): $90,000 (Number 3987GT - Good original condition)
• 1978 (Sep): $125,000 (Number 3387GT - Concours (perfect) condition)
• 1980 (Mar): $180,000-200,000 (Number 3445GT - asking price following restoration)
• 1983: $300,000
• 1984: $500,000
• 1985: $650,000 (Number 3987GT)^[35]
• 1986: $1,000,000 (Number 3589GT)
• 1987 (Oct): $1,600,000 (Number 4757GT)
• 1988 (Jul): $4,200,000 (Number 3589GT)
• 1989 (Jul): $10,000,000
• 1990 (Jan): $13,000,000
• 1993: $3,000,000-3,500,000 (Number 4219GT)^[36]
• 1997: $2,200,000
• 1998: $6,000,000 (Number 3729GT)^[37]
• 2000: $7,000,000 (Number 3413GT) Purchased by Greg Whitten.^[38]
• 2004: $10,600,000 (Number 3223GT)^[39]
• 2010: $26,000,000 (Number 3943GT)^[40]
• 2012 (May) $35,000,000 (Number 3505GT)^[41]
• 2013 (Oct) $52,000,000 (Number 5111GT)^[42]
• 2014 (Aug) $38,115,000 (Number 3851GT)^[43]
• 2018 (May) $70,000,000 (Number 4153GT)^[6][44]
• 2018 (August) $48,405,000 (Number 3413GT) Sold by Greg Whitten^[14]

See also[edit]

• Ferrari 250
• Ferrari 250 GT SWB Breadvan, a 250 SWB modified by Giotto Bizzarrini and Piero Drogo for Giovanni Volpi, in order to challenge the 250 GTO

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ferrari 250 GTO.

• 250 GTO Chassis List, with history
• A gathering of GTOs for the 45th Anniversary celebration