1.
Olga Kaljakin
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Olga Kaljakin was an American art director, graphic designer and film poster artist. Kaljakin began her career in advertising by joining Petersen Publishing and she later became an art director and graphic designer for Seiniger Advertising, Aspect Ratio and Crew Creative. During her career, Kaljakin received numerous awards and honors for her work, much of which focused on motion picture advertising via posters, billboards. Her awards include Hollywood Reporter Key Art Awards and Art Directors Club of LA certificates, Kaljakin designed film posters and advertising over the course of twenty-five years. She designed the posters for The Last Samurai, Field of Dreams, Moonstruck, The Untouchables, the bulk of her film advertising work fell within the timeframe of 1985-1997. Olga Kaljakin died of emphysema on October 6,2008, at the age of 57 and her memorial service and burial was held at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Kaljakin was survived by her children, Tania Kaljakin Hernandez and Alexander Aquino Kaljakin, and her mother, Maria Kaljakin
2.
Shoeless Joe (novel)
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Shoeless Joe is a magic realist novel by Canadian author W. P. Kinsella. It became much better due to its film adaptation, Field of Dreams. Ray Kinsella lives and farms in Iowa where he grows corn with his wife Annie, Kinsella is obsessed with the beauty and history of American baseball, specifically the plight of his hero, Shoeless Joe Jackson, and the Black Sox Scandal of the 1919 World Series. When he hears a voice telling him to build a field in the midst of his corn crop in order to give his hero a chance at redemption. The field becomes a conduit to the spirits of baseball legends, D. Shoeless Joe was later adapted into the 1989 film Field of Dreams by Phil Alden Robinson. The original working title of the film was Shoeless Joe, like the book, the original title of the book was Dream Field, but the publisher renamed it Shoeless Joe. Kinsella, who had never met Salinger, created an imagined character based on the author of The Catcher in the Rye. To get a feel for Salinger, he re-read his body of work, I made sure to make him a nice character so that he couldnt sue me. In addition to having a character named Ray Kinsella in the short story A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All, Salinger had also used the surname in The Catcher in the Rye. In the novel Shoeless Joe, Ray Kinsella seeks out J. D. Salinger, the producers believed that it was not significant to jettison Salinger, as they figured only 15% of the potential audience would know who the author was. Kinsella told Macleans Magazine in a 2010 interview on the death of Salinger that many of the readers believe that Salinger is a wholly fictional character. Kinsella denied that Salinger, as a writer, had any influence on his own writing. 1982, USA, Houghton Mifflin ISBN 0-395-32047-X, Pub. date April 12,1982,1999, USA, Mariner Books ISBN 0-395-95773-7, Pub. date April 28,1999, Paperback
3.
Kevin Costner
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Kevin Michael Costner is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. His accolades include two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and one Emmy Award, Costner has played Eliot Ness in The Untouchables, Crash Davis in Bull Durham, Ray Kinsella in Field of Dreams, Lt. John J. He directed, produced, and starred in The Postman, Costner was born January 18,1955 in Lynwood, California. He grew up in Compton, California and he is the youngest of three boys, the middle of whom died at birth. His mother, Sharon Rae, was a worker, and his father, William Costner, was an electrician. His fathers heritage originates with German immigrants to North Carolina in the 1700s and Costner also has English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh and he instead enjoyed sports, took piano lessons, wrote poetry, and sang in the First Baptist Choir. He has stated that a viewing of the 1962 film How the West Was Won at the age of seven had formed his childhood. Spending his teenage years in parts of California as his fathers career progressed, Costner has described this as a period when he lost a lot of confidence. Costner lived in Ventura, then in Visalia, he attended Mt. Whitney High School and then moved to Orange County and he went on to earn a BA in marketing and finance from California State University, Fullerton in 1978. While at CSUF, he was a fraternity brother in Delta Chi. Costner became interested in acting while in his last year of college, Burton agreed to speak to Costner after he finished reading his book. Costner, who had been taking acting classes but had not told his wife about his desire to be an actor, watched Burton closely and approached when Burton gestured. Costner told Burton that he would prefer to avoid the drama that followed Burton, Burton replied, You have green eyes. After landing, Burtons limousine pulled up to the curb where Costner, Burton wished Costner luck, and the two would never meet again. Still, Costner credits Burton with partially contributing to his career, having agreed to undertake a job as a marketing executive, Costner began taking acting lessons five nights a week, with the support of his wife. His marketing job lasted 30 days, Costner allegedly made his film debut in the film Sizzle Beach, U. S. A. Although a biography claims it was filmed in the winter of 1978–79. Costner made a brief appearance in the Ron Howard film Night Shift. He is listed in the credits as Frat Boy No.1 and appears at the climax of a frat-style, blow-out party in the New York City morgue, Costner can be seen holding a beer and looking surprised at the sudden halt of celebration
4.
Amy Madigan
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Amy Marie Madigan is an American actress, producer, and singer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1985 film Twice in a Lifetime and her other film credits include Love Child, Places in the Heart, Field of Dreams, Uncle Buck, The Dark Half, Pollock, and Gone Baby Gone. He interviewed a range of figures, from Richard Nixon to Martin Luther King, Jr. Her mother was Dolores, an assistant and amateur actress who performed in community theatre. She has two brothers, Jack and Jim, Madigan attended Catholic schools and performed in school plays. In the 1960s, she studied piano at the Chicago Conservatory of Music and she moved to Los Angeles in 1974. Madigan later studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, in the 1970s, Madigan pursued a career as a musician, singing lead vocals for the band Jelly, whose only album, A True Story, was released by Asylum Records. Madigan appeared in Playboy nude and covered in jelly, to promote her band and she toured across the United States performing for several bands throughout the late 1970s. In the 1980s, Madigan transitioned from a career to acting. Her first television role was as the character Adele on an episode of Hart to Hart in 1981 and she followed this guest starring role with a role in the Emmy-nominated television film Crazy Times. The following year, Madigan made her debut as Terry Jean Moore in Love Child. In 1983, she starred as Alison Ransom in the Emmy-winning television film The Day After. In 1984, she portrayed McCoy in the cult film Streets of Fire, and also had a role as Viola Kelsey in Places in the Heart. In 1985, she starred in the television film The Laundromat written by Marsha Norman and she won a CableACE Award for her performance as Deedee Johnson. She then co-starred as Glory Scheer, alongside her husband Ed Harris, in Alamo Bay, in 1988, she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for her performance in The Prince of Pennsylvania. That same year, she performed in A Lie of the Mind at the Mark Taper Forum, in 1989, Madigan played the wife of Kevin Costner in Field of Dreams, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. That same year, she played Chanice Kobolowski, the girlfriend of John Candys character, in 1990, Madigan starred opposite Paula Kelly in Stevie Wants To Play The Blues by Eduardo Machado, for which she won a Drama-Logue Award. In 1991, she starred opposite Olympia Dukakis in the Emmy-nominated television film Lucky Day, Madigan made her Broadway debut in the role of Stella Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire in 1992, opposite Jessica Lange and Alec Baldwin
5.
James Earl Jones
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James Earl Jones is an American actor. His career has spanned more than 60 years, and he has described as one of Americas most distinguished and versatile actors. Since his Broadway debut in 1957, Jones has won awards, including a Tony Award. Jones has won three Emmy Awards, including two in the year in 1991, and he also earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role in the film version of The Great White Hope. He is also known for his roles as Darth Vader in the Star Wars film series and Mufasa in Disneys The Lion King as well as many other film, stage. As a child Jones had a stutter, in his episode of Biography, he said he overcame the affliction through poetry, public speaking, and acting, although it lasted for several years. A pre-med major in college, he went on to serve in the United States Army during the Korean War before pursuing a career in acting, on November 12,2011, he received an Honorary Academy Award. On November 9,2015, Jones received the Voice Arts Icon Award, Jones and his father reconciled many years later. His parents were African-American, and Jones has learned they also had Irish, from the age of five, Jones was raised by his maternal grandparents, John Henry and Maggie Connolly, who had moved from Mississippi and had a farm in Jackson, Michigan. Jones has described his grandmother, Maggie, as the most racist person I have ever known and his grandmother was of African-American, Cherokee and Choctaw ancestry. Jones found the transition to his grandparents in Michigan traumatic, when his family moved to Brethren, Michigan, a teacher helped him overcome his stutter. He remained functionally mute for eight years, until he entered high school and he credits his English teacher, Donald Crouch, who discovered he had a gift for writing poetry, with helping him end his silence. Crouch urged him to challenge his reluctance to speak, so my first year of school was my first mute year, and then those mute years continued until I got to high school. He joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps, and excelled and he felt comfortable within the structure of the military environment, and enjoyed the camaraderie of his fellow cadets in the Pershing Rifles Drill Team and Scabbard and Blade Honor Society. During the course of his studies, Jones discovered he was not cut out to be a doctor, after four years of college, Jones graduated from the university in 1955. With the war intensifying in Korea, Jones expected to be deployed as soon as he received his commission as a second lieutenant. As he waited for his orders, he worked as a stage crew hand at the Ramsdell Theatre in Manistee, Michigan. Jones was commissioned in mid-1953 and reported to Fort Benning to attend Infantry Officers Basic Course and he then attended Ranger School and received his Ranger Tab
6.
Ray Liotta
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Raymond Allen Liotta is an American actor, film producer, and voice actor. His adoptive parents both unsuccessfully ran for local office and he has a sister, Linda Liotta, who is also adopted. Liotta has said he knew he was adopted as a young child, Liotta located his biological mother in the 2000s. His adoptive parents were of Italian and Scottish ancestry, after research and talks with his biological mother, he learned he is part Scottish. He has one brother, five half sisters, and a full sister. Liotta was raised Roman Catholic, although his family was not very religious, Liotta said the family went to church and he received first communion and was confirmed, but the family did not pray much. He occasionally uses prayer in his daily life, Liotta recalls attending parades handing out flyers for his fathers run for Township Committee. He graduated from Union High School in 1973 in Union, New Jersey where he grew up, Liotta graduated from the University of Miami, where he received a degree in Fine Arts in 1978 and studied acting with Robert Buckets Lowery. He performed in such as Cabaret, Dames at Sea, Oklahoma. After college, Liotta moved to New York City and he got a job as a bartender at the Shubert theaters and landed an agent within six months. One of Liottas earliest roles was as Joey Perrini on the soap opera Another World and he quit the show so he could try his luck in the film industry, and moved to Los Angeles. He made his debut in a sexual assault scene with Pia Zadora. His first major acting role was Something Wild, which earned him his first Golden Globe nomination, in 1989, he costarred alongside Kevin Costner in the fantasy/drama film Field of Dreams— Liotta portrayed Shoeless Joe Jackson, the ghost of the famed baseball player. His voice over line, If you build it, he will come, is #39 on the American Film Institutes list of 100 movie quotes, in 1990, Liotta portrayed real-life mobster Henry Hill in Martin Scorseses film Goodfellas. In 1992, he costarred as a cop alongside Kurt Russell. He appeared in a role in the sci-fi/action film No Escape. Liotta earned critical praise for his turn in James Mangolds film Cop Land, starring alongside Sylvester Stallone, Robert De Niro, in 1998, he received critical praise for his performance in Phoenix playing a compulsive gambler. The ER role earned Liotta an Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
7.
Burt Lancaster
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Burton Stephen Burt Lancaster was an American film actor. Initially known for playing tough guys, Lancaster went on to success with more complex. He was nominated four times for Academy Awards and won once for his work in Elmer Gantry in 1960 and he also won a Golden Globe for that performance and BAFTA Awards for The Birdman of Alcatraz and Atlantic City. During the 1950s his production company Hecht-Hill-Lancaster was highly successful, making such as Marty, Trapeze, Sweet Smell of Success, Run Silent, Run Deep. The American Film Institute ranks Lancaster as #19 of the greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema, Lancaster was born in Manhattan, New York City, at his parents home at 209 East 106th Street, between Second and Third Avenues, today the site of Benjamin Franklin Plaza. Lancaster was the son of Elizabeth and James Henry Lancaster, who was a mailman, both of his parents were Protestants of working class origin. All of Lancasters grandparents were Ulster immigrants to the United States, the family believed themselves to be related to Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts. Before he graduated from DeWitt Clinton, his mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage, Lancaster was accepted by New York University with an athletic scholarship, but subsequently dropped out. At the age of 19, Lancaster met Nick Cravat, with whom he developed a lifelong partnership, together they learned to act in local theatre productions and circus arts at Union Settlement, one of the citys oldest settlement houses. They formed the acrobat duo Lang and Cravat in the 1930s, however, in 1939, an injury forced Lancaster to give up the profession, with great regret. He then found work, first as a salesman for Marshall Fields. He served with General Mark Clarks Fifth Army in Italy from 1943–45, although initially unenthusiastic about acting, after returning to New York from his Army service, Lancaster auditioned for a Broadway play and was offered a role. Wallis, who signed him to an eight-movie contract, Lancasters first filmed movie was Desert Fury. Fortunately for Lancaster, producer Mark Hellinger approached him to star in The Killers, in 1946, the tall, muscular actor won significant acclaim and appeared in two more films the following year. Subsequently, he played in a variety of films, especially in dramas, thrillers, and military and adventure films. In two, The Flame and the Arrow and The Crimson Pirate, a friend from his circus years, Nick Cravat, played a key supporting role, in 1953, Lancaster played one of his best-remembered roles with Deborah Kerr in From Here to Eternity. The American Film Institute acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from film in which Deborah Kerr. The organization named it one of AFIs top 100 Most Romantic Films of all time, Lancaster won the 1960 Academy Award for Best Actor, a Golden Globe Award, and the New York Film Critics Award for his performance in Elmer Gantry
8.
James Horner
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James Roy Horner was an American composer, conductor and orchestrator of film scores. He was known for the integration of choral and electronic elements in many of his film scores, and for his frequent use of motifs associated with Celtic music. His first major film score was for the 1979 film The Lady in Red, but did not establish himself as a mainstream composer until he worked on the 1982 film Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan. Horner composed music for over 100 films, he won two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, three Satellite Awards, and three Saturn Awards, and was nominated for three British Academy Film Awards. Horner was killed in a single-fatality crash of his Short Tucano turboprop aircraft at the age of 61, Horner was born in 1953 in Los Angeles, California, to Jewish immigrants. His father, Harry Horner, was born in Holíč, then a part of Austria-Hungary and he immigrated to the United States in 1935 and worked as a set designer and art director. His mother, Joan Ruth, was born into a prominent Canadian family, Horners brother Christopher is a writer and documentary filmmaker. James Horner started playing piano at the age of five and his early years were spent in London, where he attended the Royal College of Music. He returned to America, where he attended Verde Valley School in Sedona, Arizona, after he earned a masters degree, he started work on his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he studied with Paul Chihara, among others. After several scoring assignments with the American Film Institute in the 1970s, he finished teaching a course in theory at UCLA. Horner was also a pilot, and owned several small airplanes. Horner began his career scoring films by working for B film director, Horners first composer credit was for Cormans Battle Beyond the Stars. From there, his works gained notice in Hollywood, which enabled him to take on larger projects, One of his first major film scores was for the 1979 film The Lady in Red. Horners major breakthrough came in 1982, when he had the chance to score the music to Star Trek II, The Wrath of Khan, Horner continued composing music for high-profile releases during the 1980s, including 48 Hrs. Krull, Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Commando, Cocoon, Aliens, *batteries not included, Willow, Glory and he frequently collaborated with film director Ron Howard, a partnership that began with Cocoon in 1985. Aliens earned Horner his first Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score in 1987, somewhere Out There, which he co-composed and co-wrote with Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil for An American Tail, was also nominated that year for Best Original Song. A Dinosaurs Story, The Pagemaster, and Casper, Jumanji, and Balto, Mighty Joe Young, Horners biggest financial and critical success would come with the score to the 1997 film Titanic. The album became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack in history, selling over 27 million copies worldwide, at the 70th Academy Awards, Horner won Oscars for Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Original Song for My Heart Will Go On
9.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
10.
TriStar Pictures
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TriStar Pictures is an American film production/distribution studio of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, owned by the Sony subsidiary Sony Pictures Entertainment. On May 16,1983, it was given the name Tri-Star Pictures and it was the first new major Hollywood studio to be established since RKO Pictures was founded in 1928. The studios first produced film in 1984 was The Natural starring Robert Redford, during this venture, many of Tri-Stars releases were released on VHS by either RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video, CBS/Fox Video, or HBO Video. In addition, HBO would gain exclusive distribution rights to these films. CBS dropped out of the venture in 1985, though still distributed some of TriStars films on home video until at least 1992. In 1986, HBO dropped out of the Tri-Star venture as well, the same year, Tri-Star entered into the television business as Tri-Star Television. It was formed when the studio joined forces with Stephen J. Cannell Productions and Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, both studios continued to produce and distribute films under their separate names. On April 13,1988, CPE spun off Tri-Star Pictures, in 1989, all of Cokes entertainment holdings were acquired by Sony Corporation of Japan, who merged Columbia and Tri-Star, but continued to use the separate labels. On July 11,1990, Tri-Star Pictures dissolved and sold its venture in TeleVentures to Stephen J. Cannell Productions, most of the series and the Tri-Star film packages that were distributed by TeleVentures were transferred to Columbia Pictures Television Distribution. The Tri-Star film packages were transferred to Columbia Pictures Television Distribution, both studios continued to operate separately until TriStar folded in 1999 and CPT in 2001. In addition to its own slate, TriStar was the distributor for many films produced by Carolco Pictures. TriStar also theatrically distributed some FilmDistrict movies, TriStar was relaunched on May 13,2004 as a marketing and acquisitions unit that had a particular emphasis on genre films. Screen Gems executive vice president Valerie Van Galder was tapped to run the studio after being dormant. However, the release of its 2013 film Elysium represents the labels first big-budget release since The Mask of Zorro in 1998, the same year, former 20th Century Fox co-chairman Tom Rothman joined Sony Pictures and created TriStar Productions as a joint venture with existing Sony Pictures executives. The new TriStar will develop, finance and produce up to four films per year, as well as programming and acquisitions. Sonys TriStar Pictures unit will be retained for other product, including titles from Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, TriStars logo of Pegasus, introduced in 1984, has become something of a cultural icon. The idea came about because of executive Victor Kaufman and his familys interest in riding horses, the original logo was created with the assistance of Sydney Pollack, who was an adviser at Tri-Star. The horse in that logo was the one used in Pollacks film The Electric Horseman
11.
Carolco Pictures
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The company was founded through the partnership of two film investors, Mario Kassar and Andrew Vajna. The two were hailed by Newsweek as some of the most successful independent producers, by the age of 25, Vajna went from wig-maker to the owner of two Hong Kong theaters. Then, Vajna ventured into the production and distribution of feature films, One of Vajnas early productions was a 1973 martial-arts film entitled The Deadly China Doll which made $3.7 million worldwide from a $100,000 budget. Vajna was already a film sales agent in the Middle East by the time he turned 18 and their goal was to focus on film sales, eventually it went into financing low-budget films. Their earliest films were produced by American International Pictures and ITC Entertainment with Carolcos financial support, the name Carolco was purchased from a defunct company based in Panama, and according to Kassar, it has no meaning. Carolcos first major success was First Blood, an adaptation of David Morrells novel, the risk paid off after First Blood made $120 million worldwide, and placed Carolco among the major players in Hollywood. The sequel Rambo, First Blood Part II, was timed for the 10th anniversary of the United States bailout from Vietnam, that event garnered publicity for the new film, which also became a hit. Also in 1985, Carolco began a deal with then-fledgling studio TriStar Pictures with the film Rambo. TriStar released the majority of Carolcos films from that point on in the U. S. Carolco entered home video distribution as well. Independent video distributor International Video Entertainment was going through difficulties and was near bankruptcy. In 1986, Carolco purchased IVE in the hopes of turning the company around, the deal was finalized a year later. IVE merged with another distributor, Lieberman, and became LIVE Entertainment in 1988, on August 28,1987, Carolco acquired television syndicator Orbis Communications for $15.4 million and initiated television production and distribution. They also purchased the former De Laurentiis Entertainment Group production facility in Wilmington, North Carolina, jose Menendez was a member of the Board of Directors of Carolco until August 1989, when he and his wife were murdered by their sons Lyle and Erik Menendez. Vajna sold his share of Carolco in 1989 due to increasing differences between Kassar over the direction of the company and that November, Vajna formed Cinergi Pictures, with The Walt Disney Company as a distribution partner. In 1990, Carolco acquired the rights to the Terminator franchise from Hemdale Film Corporation, the company re-hired Terminator director James Cameron and Arnold Schwarzenegger to star in a multi-million-dollar budgeted sequel, Terminator 2, Judgment Day. It was the film of the year and the most successful film in Carolcos history. Halfway through the year, Carolco entered into a joint venture with New Line Cinema to start Seven Arts, Carolco struggled for some years to secure the rights to Spider-Man, a property that Cameron was keen to produce as a film. Plans fell through, although it would eventually be made as a Sam Raimi film for Columbia Pictures, toward the end of shooting True Lies, Variety carried the announcement that Carolco had received a completed screenplay from Cameron
12.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
13.
National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
14.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
15.
Baseball field
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A baseball field, also called a ball field or a baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term is used as a metonym for baseball park.5 inches. Adjacent to each of the two parallel 8. 5-inch sides is a batters box, the point of home plate where the two 12-inch sides meet at right angles is at one corner of a ninety-foot square. The other three corners of the square, in order from home plate, are called first base, second base. Three canvas bags fifteen inches square mark the three bases and these three bags along with home plate form the four points at the corners of the infield. All the bases, including home plate, lie entirely within fair territory, thus, any batted ball that touches those bases must necessarily be in fair territory. Thus, although the points of the bases are 90 feet apart, the lines from home plate to first and third bases extend to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction and are called the foul lines. The portion of the field between the foul lines is fair territory, the rest is foul territory. The area in the vicinity of the square formed by the bases is called the infield, most baseball fields are enclosed with a fence that marks the outer edge of the outfield. The fence is set at a distance ranging from 300 to 420 feet from home plate. Most professional and college baseball fields have a right and left foul pole and these poles are at the intersection of the foul lines and the respective ends of the outfield fence and, unless otherwise specified within the ground rules, lie in fair territory. Thus, a ball that passes over the outfield wall in flight and touches the foul pole is a fair ball. First base is the first of four bases that must be touched by a player on the team in order to score a run. Unlike when a player reaches second or third base, it is permissible for a batter-runner to overrun first base without being in jeopardy of being put out. After contact is made with the base, the batter-runner may slow down and return to first base at his leisure, the runner cannot be tagged out if he is touching the base with any part of his body. The first baseman is the player responsible for the area near first base. A professional first baseman is often a slow runner and tall, a tall first baseman presents a large target to which other fielders can throw, and his height gives him a larger range in reaching and catching errant throws. Also, a right-handed first baseman must, when setting himself up to receive a throw from an infielder, execute a half-pivot near the base, there are three infield positions that can only effectively be occupied by right-handed players, 2nd base, 3rd base, and shortstop
16.
Black Sox Scandal
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Despite acquittals in a public trial in 1921, Judge Landis permanently banned all eight men from professional baseball. Despite requests for reinstatement in the decades that followed, the ban remains in force as of 2017, White Sox club owner Charles Comiskey was widely disliked by the players and was resented for his miserliness. Comiskey long had a reputation for underpaying his players, even though they were one of the top teams in the league and had won the 1917 World Series. Because of baseballs reserve clause, any player who refused to accept a contract was prohibited from playing baseball on any professional team. Players could not change teams without permission from their current team, Comiskey was probably no worse than most owners—in fact, Chicago had the largest team payroll in 1919. In the era of the clause, gamblers could find players on many teams looking for extra cash—and they did. In addition, the clubhouse was divided into two factions, by contemporary accounts, the two factions almost never spoke to each other on or off the field, and the only thing they had in common was a resentment of Comiskey. A meeting of White Sox ballplayers—including those committed to going ahead and it was a meeting that would eventually shatter the careers of eight ballplayers, although whether all eight were actually in attendance is a matter of dispute. George Daniel Buck Weaver was the player to attend the meetings who did not receive money. Nevertheless, he was banned with the others for knowing about the fix. Although he hardly played in the series, utility infielder Fred McMullin got word of the fix, as a small coincidence, McMullin was a former teammate of Sleepy Bill Burns, who had a minor role in the fix. Both played for the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League, star outfielder Shoeless Joe Jackson was mentioned as a participant, though his involvement is disputed. The scheme got an unexpected boost when the straitlaced Faber could not pitch due to a bout with the flu. Years later, Schalk said that if Faber had been available, October 2, there were rumors amongst gamblers that the series was fixed, and a sudden influx of money being bet on Cincinnati caused the odds against them to fall rapidly. However, most fans and observers were taking the series at face value. On October 2, the day of Game One, the Philadelphia Bulletin published a poem which would prove to be ironic, Still, it really doesnt matter, After all. Good clean sport is what were after, And we aim to make our brag To each near or distant nation Whereon shines the sporting sun That of all our games gymnastic Base ball is the cleanest one. Claude Williams, one of the Eight Men Out, lost three games, a Series record, dickie Kerr, who was not part of the fix, won both of his starts
17.
Shoeless Joe Jackson
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Joseph Jefferson Jackson, nicknamed Shoeless Joe, was an American star outfielder who played Major League Baseball in the early 1900s. Since then, Jacksons guilt has been fiercely debated with new accounts claiming his innocence beckoning Major League Baseball to reconsider his banishment, as a result of the scandal, Jacksons career was abruptly halted in his prime, ensuring him a place in baseball lore forever. Jackson played for three Major League teams during his 12-year career and he spent 1908–1909 as a member of the Philadelphia Athletics and 1910 with the minor league New Orleans Pelicans before joining the Cleveland Naps at the end of the 1910 season. He remained in Cleveland through the first part of 1915, he played the remainder of the 1915 season through 1920 with the Chicago White Sox, Jackson, who played left field for most of his career, currently has the third-highest career batting average in major league history. In 1911, Jackson hit for a.408 average and it is still the sixth-highest single-season total since 1901, which marked the beginning of the modern era for the sport. His average that also set the record for batting average in a single season by a rookie. Babe Ruth said that he modeled his hitting technique after Jacksons, Jackson still holds the Indians and White Sox franchise records for both triples in a season and career batting average. In 1999, he ranked number 35 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, the fans voted him as the 12th-best outfielder of all-time. He also ranks 33rd on the all-time list for non-pitchers according to the win shares formula developed by Bill James, Jackson was born in Pickens County, South Carolina, the oldest son in the family. His father George was a sharecropper, he moved the family to Pelzer, South Carolina, a few years afterwards the family moved to a company town called Brandon Mill, on the outskirts of Greenville, South Carolina. An attack of measles almost killed him when he was 10 and he was in bed for two months, paralyzed while he was nursed back to health by his mother. Starting at the age of 6 or 7, Jackson worked in one of the textile mills as a linthead. Family finances required Joe to take 12-hour shifts in the mill and his lack of education ultimately became an issue throughout Jacksons life. It even affected the value of his memorabilia in the market, because Jackson was illiterate. Consequently, anything actually autographed by Jackson himself brings a premium when sold, in restaurants, rather than ask someone to read the menu to him, he would wait until his teammates ordered and then order one of the items that he heard. In 1900, when he was 13 years old, his mother was approached by one of the owners of the Brandon Mill and he was the youngest player on the team. He was paid $2.50 to play on Saturdays and he was originally placed as a pitcher, but one day he accidentally broke another players arm with a fastball. No one wanted to bat against him so the manager of the team placed him in the outfield and his hitting ability made him a celebrity around town
18.
History of the Brooklyn Dodgers
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The teams name derived from the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the citys trolley streetcar network. The team is noted for signing Jackie Robinson in 1947 as the first black player in the major leagues. Brooklyn was home to numerous clubs in the mid-1850s. Eight of 16 participants in the first convention were from Brooklyn, including the Atlantic, Eckford, Brooklyn helped make baseball commercial, as the locale of the first paid admission games, a series of three all star contests matching New York and Brooklyn in 1858. The Excelsiors no longer challenged for the championship after the Civil War. The Eckfords and Atlantics declined to join until 1872 and thereby lost their best players, the Eckfords survived only one season and the Atlantics four, with losing teams. When the Mutuals were expelled by the league, the Hartford Dark Blues club moved in, changed its name to The Brooklyn Hartfords and played its home games at Union Grounds in 1877 before disbanding. Byrne arranged to build a grandstand on a lot bounded by Third Street, Fourth Avenue, Fifth Street, and Fifth Avenue, the Grays played in the minor Inter-State Association of Professional Baseball Clubs that first season. Doyle became the first team manager, and they drew 6,431 fans to their first home game on May 12,1883 against the Trenton team. The Grays won the title after the Camden Merritt club disbanded on July 20. The Grays were invited to join the American Association for the 1884 season and they lost the 1889 World Series to the New York Giants and tied the 1890 World Series with the Louisville Colonels. Their success during this period was partly attributed to their having absorbed skilled players from the defunct New York Metropolitans, in 1899, the Grays merged with the Baltimore Orioles, as Baltimore manager Ned Hanlon became the clubs new manager and Charles Ebbets became the primary team owner. The team name, Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers, was coined in 1895, the nickname was still new enough in September 1895 that a newspaper could report that Trolley Dodgers is the new name which eastern baseball cranks have given the Brooklyn club. Some sources erroneously report that the name Trolley Dodgers referred to pedestrians avoiding fast cars on street car tracks that bordered Eastern Park on two sides, however, Eastern Park was not bordered by street-level trolley lines that had to be dodged by pedestrians. The name was shortened to Brooklyn Dodgers. Other team names used by the franchise that finally came to be called the Dodgers were the Grooms, the Bridegrooms, Wards Wonders, the Superbas, and the Robins. All of these nicknames were used by fans and newspaper sports writers to describe the team, the teams legal name was the Brooklyn Base Ball Club. However, the Trolley Dodgers nickname was used throughout this period, along with nicknames, by fans
19.
Fenway Park
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Fenway Park is a baseball park located in Boston, at 4 Yawkey Way near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home for the Boston Red Sox and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB. It is the fourth-smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second-smallest by total capacity, Fenway has hosted the World Series ten times, with the Red Sox winning five of them, and the Boston Braves winning one. The first, in the inaugural season, was the 1912 World Series. April 20,2012, marked Fenway Parks centennial, on March 7 of that year, the park was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park a shrine and it is a pending Boston Landmark which will regulate further changes to the park. Today, the park is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world, the Red Sox moved to Fenway Park from the old Huntington Avenue Grounds. In 1911, owner John I. Taylor purchased the land bordered by Brookline Avenue, Jersey Street, Van Ness Street and Lansdowne Street and developed it into a larger baseball stadium. However, given that Taylors family also owned the Fenway Realty Company, like many classic ballparks, Fenway Park was constructed on an asymmetrical block, with consequent asymmetry in its field dimensions. The General Contractor was the Charles Logue Building Company, the first game was played April 20,1912, with mayor John F. Fitzgerald throwing out the first pitch and Boston defeating the New York Highlanders, 7-6 in 11 innings. Newspaper coverage of the opening was overshadowed by continuing coverage of the Titanic sinking a few days earlier, Fenway Park has historically drawn low attendance, its lowest occurring late in the 1965 season with two games having paid attendance under 500 spectators. On Wednesday, June 17,2009, the park celebrated its 500th consecutive Red Sox sellout, according to WBZ-TV, the team joined three NBA teams which achieved 500 consecutive home sellouts. The sellout streak ended on April 11,2013, in all the Red Sox sold out 794 regular season games, the parks address was originally 24 Jersey Street. In 1977, the section of Jersey Street nearest the park was renamed Yawkey Way in honor of longtime Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey, and the parks address is now 4 Yawkey Way. Some of the include, In 1934, a hand-operated scoreboard was added, with what was then considered high-technology lights to indicate balls. The scoreboard is updated by hand today from behind the wall. The National League scores were removed in 1976, but restored in 2003, in 1946, upper deck seats were installed, Fenway Park is essentially the first double-tiered ballpark in Boston since the South End Grounds of the 1880s. In 1947, arc lights were installed at Fenway Park, the Boston Red Sox were the third-to-last team out of 16 major league teams to have lights in their home park
20.
Moonlight Graham
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Archibald Wright Moonlight Graham was an American professional baseball player, then doctor, who appeared as a right fielder in a single major league game for the New York Giants on June 29,1905. Graham was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, the second of ten born to Alexander. His brother, Frank Porter Graham, was president of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was later a U. S. Senator, every one of his brothers and sisters also finished college. He played baseball at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was also a member of the Dialectic Society, a debating organization. Graham went on to play baseball in the leagues for seven seasons. The following year, he played with Nashua, New Hampshires team in the Class B New England League, Graham also played for the Lowell, Massachusetts and Manchester, New Hampshire teams that season, eventually batting.240 in 89 games with seven triples. In 1904, he spent the season with Manchester, hitting.272 in 108 games. Graham started the 1905 season with the Binghamton Bingoes in the Class B New York State League and he was purchased by the Giants, who had won the National League pennant the previous year, reporting to the team on May 23,1905. On June 29, the Giants were the team against the Brooklyn Superbas at Washington Park. At the conclusion of the inning, Graham replaced right fielder George Browne. In the top of the inning, Graham was on deck when Claude Elliott flied out, resulting in the third. Graham played the bottom of the ninth in field, never having the ball hit in his direction. That game turned out to be his only appearance in the major leagues, Graham returned to the New York State League, appearing with the Scranton Miners for the rest of the season and in 1906. For the 1905 minor league season, playing for two teams, he hit.288 in 64 games and he returned to Scranton for the 1907 and 1908 seasons, where he hit.285 and.263 in 131 and 130 games, respectively. Graham ranked second in batting average for the New York State League, Graham completed his medical degree from the University of Maryland in 1905. While there, he had played on the schools 1904 and 1905 baseball teams. Graham had also added weight to his 5’10 frame. He played halfback for Marylands football team in 1904 and 1905 and he obtained his license the following year and began practicing medicine in Chisholm, Minnesota
21.
History of the New York Giants (baseball)
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The San Francisco Giants existed in the New York metropolitan area from 1883–1957. Prior to the start of the 1958 season, the moved to San Francisco, California. During the clubs tenure in New York, it won five of the franchises eight World Series wins and 17 of its 24 National League pennants, for most of that time, the Giants played home games in the Polo Grounds in the Upper Manhattan region of New York City. The Giants had intense rivalries with their rivals, the New York Yankees. The New York-Brooklyn rivalry soon evolved into the Los Angeles-San Francisco rivalry, numerous inductees of the Baseball Hall of Fame played for the New York Giants, including John McGraw, Mel Ott, Bill Terry, Willie Mays, Monte Irvin, and Travis Jackson. The Giants began as the baseball club founded by millionaire tobacconist John B. Day and veteran amateur baseball player Jim Mutrie, the Gothams, as the Giants were originally known, entered the National League in 1883, while their other club, the Metropolitans played in the American Association. Nearly half of the original Gotham players were members of the disbanded Troy Trojans, louis Browns in an early incarnation of the World Series. They repeated as champions the year with a pennant and World Series victory over the Brooklyn Bridegrooms. It is said that one particularly satisfying victory over the Philadelphia Phillies, Mutrie stormed into the dressing room and exclaimed. From then on, the club was known as the Giants, the Giants original home stadium, the Polo Grounds, also dates from this early era. It was originally located north of Central Park adjacent to Fifth and Sixth Avenues and 110th and 112th Streets, the Giants were a powerhouse in the late 1880s, winning their first two National League Pennants and World Championships in 1888 &1889. But nearly all of the Giants stars jumped to the upstart Players League, whose New York franchise was named the Giants. The new team built a stadium next door to the Polo Grounds. With a decimated roster, the NL Giants finished a distant sixth, attendance took a nosedive, and the financial strain affected Days tobacco business as well. The Players League dissolved after the season, and Day sold a minority interest in his NL Giants to the defunct PL Giants principal backer, as a condition of the sale, Day had to fire Mutrie as manager. Although the Giants rebounded to third in 1891, Day was forced to sell a controlling interest to Talcott at the end of the season. Four years later, Talcott sold the Giants to Andrew Freedman, when Freedman offered Rusie only $2,500 for 1896, the disgruntled hurler sat out the entire season
22.
Chisholm, Minnesota
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Chisholm is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,976 at the 2010 census, U. S. Highway 169 and State Highway 73 are two of the main routes in Chisholm. Michael A. Jugovich is currently presiding as mayor, and has been since 2006, a mining town on the Mesabi Range, Chisholm was founded by Archibald Mark Chisholm. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.74 square miles,4.48 square miles is land and 0.26 square miles is water. Chisholm is in the center of the Mesabi Iron Range, one of the four ranges in the Arrowhead Region of Minnesota. The city was named for Archibald Mark Chisholm a mining man and investor from Glengarry County, Ontario, a post office called Chisholm has been in operation since 1901. With a railroad line to Duluth and plenty of mining work available in and near town, the population of Chisholm grew rapidly, and by 1908 the town had more than 6000 people and 500 buildings. On September 5,1908, a fast-moving forest fire obliterated the town due to the dry conditions during the late summer, many people sought escape by going into the lake. Afterwards, building codes were enhanced, and by the summer more than 70 fireproof buildings had been erected. Chisholm became a city in 1934, in 1941, the muralist Elizabeth Carney Pope completed a WPA mural titled Discovery of Ore in the Chisholm post office. The Chisholm Independent School District draws students from the city of Chisholm, Chisholm High School sports teams participate in Class A of the Minnesota State High School League. Competitive varsity sports include baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross-country running, football, softball, swimming and diving, track and field, Chisholm students join with students in nearby Hibbing to participate in alpine skiing, golf, gymnastics, boys hockey, girls hockey, and tennis. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,976 people,2,257 households, the population density was 1,110.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,524 housing units at a density of 563.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 5% White,0. 8% African American,1. 1% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 4% of the population. 39. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age in the city was 40.7 years. 22. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 7% were from 25 to 44,27. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 18% were 65 years of age or older
23.
Gladstone bag
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A Gladstone bag is a small portmanteau suitcase built over a rigid frame which could separate into two equal sections. Unlike a suitcase, a Gladstone bag is deeper in proportion to its length and they are typically made of stiff leather and often belted with lanyards. The bags are named after William Ewart Gladstone, the four-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, hinged luggage was first developed in the late 19th century. The first Gladstone bag was designed and manufactured by J G Beard at his shop in the City of Westminster
24.
Gaby Hoffmann
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Additionally, she is remembered as a child actress from the films Field of Dreams, Uncle Buck, Now and Then, and Volcano. Hoffmann was born in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Her mother, Viva, is an actress, writer and former Warhol superstar, Viva and Herrera were estranged shortly after Hoffmanns birth, she was raised by her mother at the Chelsea Hotel in New York. Her father did not have a significant presence in her life, Hoffmanns birth is documented in Brigid Berlins The Andy Warhol Diaries. An entry dated January 10,1982, two days after Hoffmann was born, says that a friend of Warhols telephoned Warhol and told him that they were going to the Chelsea Hotel to see Viva and her new baby. Hoffmanns mother was raised in a devout Catholic family on Long Island and she was previously married to director Michel Auder in 1969. Gaby Hoffmann has a half-sister, Alexandra Alex Auder, who is 11 years older, Auder teaches yoga in New York City. Hoffmans father was raised in Wiggins, Mississippi by his maternal grandparents, Herrera died in 2011 from cancer. Hoffmann attended elementary school in Manhattan at P. S,3 on Hudson Street in the West Village, then another school in Hells Kitchen. After she moved to Los Angeles in 1994, she attended the Buckley School, until July 1993, Hoffmann lived in Manhattans Chelsea Hotel, which Hoffmann later said she enjoyed. Hoffmann recalled, I grew up in downtown New York in the 80s, I have a friend who grew up with me, and she puts it well. She says, If you grew up where we grew up, if you werent an artist, I grew up in a world where I guess what is considered unusual or abnormal for the rest of America was very much considered the norm. She also reported in an interview that there had been gunfire, Hoffmann and her mother left the Chelsea Hotel after a long-standing dispute with the management that ended in eviction. Regardless, Gabys connection to the hotel resulted in a significant effect on her future, while regrouping their living situation, Gaby and her mother temporarily lived at The Oceana Suites Hotel in Santa Monica, California. After she graduated from Calabasas High School in 1999, Hoffmann followed her half-sister Alexs example and entered New Yorks Bard College to pursue a degree in literature and writing. Around 2001, she left her acting career to complete her studies and graduated in 2004. After college, she spent much of her 20s drifting and she interned with a chef in Italy, and then trained to be a doula after helping deliver Alexs children. For a time, Hoffmann and a boyfriend lived in an old trailer in the Catskill Mountains, Hoffmann began her acting career at the age of four to help pay the family bills by acting in commercials
25.
Fern Persons
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Fern Gwendolyn Persons was an American film and television actress and a member of the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists from 1937 until her death. Her film credits included Field of Dreams and Hoosiers, Persons served on the national board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild from 1976–98. She also sat on SAGs Chicago Branch Council for 44 years, much of her work at SAG and AFTRA focused on improving the professional acting opportunities for older actors. Fern Gwendolyn Ball was born in 1910 in Chicago, Illinois and she earned a Bachelor of Arts in drama from Kalamazoo College in 1933. She later received a Bachelor of Fine Arts of acting from Carnegie Institute of Technology, now called Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh and she graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from both colleges. She was also awarded the Otto Kahn Prize for excellence in acting at Carnegie, Ball met her future husband, Max Persons, while both were college students. Once she graduated from Carnegie, Persons worked in Detroit in radio for a short period, the family, which now included a newborn daughter, then moved to Chicago so Persons could pursue her acting career in the latter half of the 1930s. Persons joined Screen Actors Guild in 1937 and became the member of the SAG Chicago Branch when she joined in 1953. She was elected to the Chicago Branch Council in 1962 and served for years until 2006. She also served more than thirty years on the AFTRA Chicago Local Board, Persons was elected to the SAG National Board in 1976, and served on that body until 1998. During that time, from 1977–81, she was elected SAG 5th national vice president and she served as a SAG Regional Branch Division representative on TV/Theatrical and Commercials negotiating committees throughout the 1980s and intermittently through the 1990s. Fern Ball married Max Persons in October 1935 and remained married for years until his death in November 1971. On July 27,1999, Chicago Mayor Richard Daley officially declared Fern Persons Day to mark her 89th birthday, the day honored her contributions to the Chicago arts and acting communities. Persons had previously resided in Evanston, Illinois, Persons moved to Colorado in 2010 to be closer to her daughter. She died in her sleep on July 22,2012, five days before her 102nd birthday in Littleton and she was survived by her daughter, Nancy Rockafellow, three grandsons and six great-grandchildren. Films The Golden Gloves Story - Mrs. Burke Man of Steel Hudson Taylor On the Right Track - Flower Lady Class - Headmistress DeBreul Risky Business - Lab Teacher Grandview, U. S. A
26.
Chick Gandil
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Charles Arnold Chick Gandil was a professional baseball player. He played for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox of the American League and he is best known as the ringleader of the players involved in the 1919 Black Sox scandal. Described by his contemporaries as a malcontent, he was physically well-built at 62 and 195 pounds. He used both to display his toughness, and also did not hesitate to use sheer strength to get his point across and he was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, to Swiss immigrants Christian and Louise Bechel Gandil. The Gandil family migrated west and the 1900 census has their address registered as Seattle, King County, after 1900, the Gandils moved to California, settling in Berkeley. The young Gandil soon showed an interest in playing baseball and he joined the Oakland High School baseball team in 1902 and played all positions except first base. After two years at Oakland High School, Gandil left home to make it on his own and he took a train to Amarillo, Texas, and played catcher in the local semi-pro baseball league for the Amarillo team. In 1907, he migrated to Humboldt, Arizona, and worked as a boilermaker in the copper mines and he played catcher for the semipro team that was sponsored by the local smelting company. The Humboldt baseball club experienced financial problems in 1906, and Gandil moved on to a team in Cananea, I caught on with an outlaw team in Cananea, Mexico, just across the Arizona border. Cananea was a mining town in those days, which suited me fine. I did a little fighting at $150 a fight. I also worked part-time as a boilermaker in the copper mines and it was with the Cananea, Mexico, team that Gandil became a first baseman. Gandil entered professional baseball in 1908 and he spent the season with Shreveport in the Texas League and batted a solid.269. That same year, he met 17-year-old Laurel Fay Kelly, after the 1908 season, Gandil was drafted by the St. Louis Browns. Failing to make the club in the spring of 1909, the Browns ordered him back to Shreveport and he headed back west with his new bride and joined the Fresno team in the outlaw California State League. For this offense, Gandil faced blacklisting by organized baseball and he reconsidered his decision and joined Sacramento of the Pacific Coast League for the remainder of 1909 season. He was arrested, however, for having stolen $225 from the Fresno team coffers and he batted.282, and late in the 1909 season, was sold to the Chicago White Sox. He was not required to report to Chicago until the following season, Gandil made his major league debut on April 14,1910, with the White Sox, which was a disaster
27.
Michael Milhoan
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Michael Milhoan is an American actor. Michael was born and brought up in St. Petersburg, Florida and he studied jazz music in his early days, then was involved in a car accident. This left him unable to follow his aspirations so he targeted his interest to the field of acting. Michael started acting in TV series and starred in the series Something So Right, got leads in television movies The Princess and he also recurred on 3rd Rock from the Sun. Apart from this, he has made several guest appearances in several TV series. Michael has worked in notable and hit movies like Tin Cup, Pearl Harbor, Collateral Damage, Anywhere but Here, Crimson Tide, Executive Decision, Phenomenon, Dreamweaver. Michael is also the Chief Executive Officer of a full service production company, Michael lives with his wife Lisa Milhoan near St. Petersburg, FL Michael Milhoan at the Internet Movie Database
28.
Buck Weaver
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George Daniel Buck Weaver was an American shortstop and third baseman in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Chicago White Sox. Weaver played for the 1917 World Series champion White Sox, then was one of the eight players banned from the Major Leagues for his connection to the 1919 Black Sox Scandal. Weaver was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania and began his league career on April 11,1912 as a shortstop for the White Sox. Weaver switched to third base in 1917 after Swede Risberg joined the team, an excellent fielder, Weaver was known as the only third baseman in the league against whom Ty Cobb would not bunt. He led the majors in hits in 1915 and 1916. In the famous 1919 World Series, Weaver batted.324 and he also played errorless ball, lending credence to his lifelong claim that he had nothing to do with the fix. After the Series was over, many suspicious reporters made allusions to a possible fix, however some sportwriters praised Weaver for his efforts all along during the World Series. Ross Tenney of the Cincinnati Post wrote, Though they are hopeless and heartless and he is George Weaver, who plays and fights at third base. Day after day Weaver has done his work and smiled, in spite of the certain fate that closed about the hopes of the Sox, Weaver smiled and scrapped. One by one his mates gave up, Weaver continued to grin and fought harder…. Weavers smile never faded. His spirit never waned…. The Reds have beaten the spirit out of the Sox all and he was ready to die fighting. Buck is Chicagos one big hero, long may he fight, despite this, Weaver was banned by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis for having knowledge of the fix and failing to tell team officials. Weaver successfully sued White Sox owner Charles Comiskey for his 1921 salary, when Shoeless Joe Jackson did the same, the jury voted 11–1 in favor of Jackson. However, the set aside the jury verdict after Comiskey produced Jacksons grand jury testimony about the fix. Despite this success, however, Comiskey made no attempt to offer the confessions as evidence to obtain a ruling against Weaver. Weaver applied six times for reinstatement to baseball before his death from an attack on January 31,1956. One notable attempt to get reinstated came in 1927 in the wake of Tris Speaker/Ty Cobb betting scandal, after this attempt failed, Weaver returned to Chicago and decided to play in the minor leagues again. Later in life, Weaver contacted a New York City attorney who vowed to get him reinstated, Weaver sent his legal papers and correspondence to New York, however, they were never returned, to this day, baseball historians have been unable to find Bucks legal files
29.
Eddie Cicotte
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Edward Victor Cicotte, nicknamed Knuckles, was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball best known for his time with the Chicago White Sox. The fixing of the 1919 World Series is the only recognized gambling scandal to tarnish a World Series, Cicotte was the son of Ambrose Cicotte and Archange Mary Drouillard, both of mainly French-Canadian extraction. His fathers early death is said to have pushed Cicotte to excel and he married Rose Ellen Freer, daughter of Russell John Freer and Annie Cecile Thornton, both of whom would later live with the Cicottes. At the time of his ban, he was considered one of the premier pitchers in the American League. A Detroit native, Cicotte played baseball in Georgia in 1905, both players were purchased by the Tigers, and Cicotte made his big-league debut on September 3,1905. Pitching in three games for Detroit, Cicotte compiled a 1–1 record with a 3.50 earned run average, Cicotte didnt return to the major leagues again until 1908, when he resurfaced with the Red Sox. After he compiled a 41–48 record in a Boston uniform, the Red Sox sold him to the White Sox on July 22,1912, Cicotte celebrated a breakout year in 1913, going 18–12 on the season with an ERA of 1.58. He led the league in winning percentage in 1916, but his best year was 1917, when he won 28 games and led the league in wins, ERA, on April 14 he threw a no hitter against the St. Louis Browns. That year, the White Sox went to the World Series, Cicotte won Game 1, lost Game 3, and pitched six innings of relief in Game 5 for a no-decision. His 1919 salary was $6,000, but he had a provision for a $10,000 bonus if he won 30 games. Legend has it that as the season drew to a close, owner Charles Comiskey ordered manager Kid Gleason to bench Cicotte for 5 games, denying him a chance at a 30-win season and the bonus money. In the 1919 World Series against the Reds, Cicotte pitched in three games, winning one but pitching ineffectively and losing the other two, Cicotte was the first of the eight players to come forward, signing a confession and a waiver of immunity. He later recanted this confession and was acquitted of all charges at trial by jury, after being banned from playing baseball, Cicotte returned to Livonia, Michigan. He managed a station, served as a game warden in the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, then went to work for Ford Motor Company. Cicotte lived to be 84 years old and he was a strawberry farmer on a 5. 5-acre farm near Farmington until his death at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit on May 5,1969. In the 1988 film Eight Men Out, about the Black Sox scandal and he was portrayed by actor Steve Eastin in the 1989 film Field of Dreams. Cicottes grandnephew Al Cicotte later pitched in the leagues, compiling a lifetime 10–13 record with six teams between 1957 and 1962
30.
Swede Risberg
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Charles August Swede Risberg was a Major League Baseball shortstop. He played for the Chicago White Sox from 1917 to 1920 and he is best known for his involvement in the 1919 Black Sox scandal. Charles Risberg was born and raised in San Francisco, California and he had very little education growing up and dropped out of school in the third grade. However, he developed a reputation as a good semipro pitcher. In 1914, he hit.366 in the Class D Union Association and was acquired by the Venice Tigers of the Pacific Coast League and he was the clubs utility infielder in 1915 and 1916, gaining acclaim for his defensive skills. He was then bought by the American Leagues Chicago White Sox in early 1917, Risberg made his debut on April 11,1917 for the White Sox. He was a below-average hitter, but due to his defensive abilities. Late in the season, though, Risberg went into a terrible slump, the next season, Risberg briefly returned to California to work in a shipyard as part of the war effort. Although his job was termed essential and enabled him to avoid the draft, it consisted largely of playing baseball, Risberg returned to the Sox for the pennant-winning 1919 season. In September, he received press in the Atlanta Constitution. Chicago was heavy favorites in 1919 World Series versus the Cincinnati Reds, however, a group of White Sox players, including Risberg, decided to intentionally lose the series in exchange for monetary payments from a network of gamblers. Risberg was one of the ringleaders, helping to convince some of his teammates to go along with the scheme, in the eight-game series, he went 2 for 25 at the plate and made a Series-record eight errors. Risberg received $15,000 for his role in the fix, the scandal broke in late 1920, and though the eight players were acquitted in the trial that followed, they were all banned from organized baseball by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis. Risberg continued to play baseball for a decade after his banishment. He played throughout the midwest United States and Canada, columbus, North Dakota newspaper reports claimed that Risberg played part of the 1927 season with a traveling team called Dellages Cubans based in Lignite, North Dakota. In 1926, Risberg was called to testify about a 1919 gambling scandal involving Ty Cobb, however, his story was contradicted by over 30 other men, and it was disregarded. Risberg also worked on a dairy farm, after his outlaw baseball career ended, he eventually ran a tavern and lumber business in the northwest United States. During his playing days, he had been spiked by a player, the injury never properly healed
31.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
32.
USC Trojans baseball
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The USC Trojans baseball program represents the University of Southern California in college baseball. Established in 1888, the team is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the head coach of the Trojans is Dan Hubbs, who has held the position since the start of the 2013 season. USC homes field is Dedeaux Field, which is named in honor of former head coach, the USC Trojans are one of the most successful programs in the history of college baseball. The Trojans have won more national championships than any other program across all divisions of college baseball. With 12 national championships, USC is far and away the leader in that category, as of May 31,2015, USC also ranks fourth in all-time College World Series appearances with 21, tied with Florida State and trailing only Texas, Miami, and Arizona State. The Trojans have won more individual CWS games than any program, USC also ranks fourth in all-time NCAA Tournament wins with 173—trailing only Texas, Miami, and Florida State —and eighth in total NCAA Tournament appearances with 37. USCs most notable coach was Rod Dedeaux, who coached from 1942 from 1986 and led the school to 11 of its NCAA championships. The first Trojan national championship came in 1948, the 12th and most recent NCAA championship came in 1998. The Trojans began recognizing baseball as a sport in 1889. As with many programs during the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Trojans lacked a consistent head coach and it was not until 1908 that the Trojans had an official head coach, Harvey Holmes, but Holmes only coached the team for one year. Holmes also coached other sports at USC including football and track, the team would get another coach during the 1911 season, Curtiss Bernard. Bernard also only coached for a year, and in 1912 the Trojans once again had a coach in Len Burrell. During the World War I years, the USC baseball team was made up mostly of law school students, following the conclusion of the war, the baseball team was coached by Gloomy Gus Henderson in 1920. Henderson would join forces with Willis Hunter as co-coaches for the 1921 season, in 1923 the team was coached by George Wheeler, who also coached the law students during the 1914 season. Wheeler coached the team for a year, and would mark the last time the Trojan baseball team has lacked consistency at the coaching position, long-time Major League Baseball player and multiple MLB record-holder Sam Crawford took over as head coach of USC baseball in 1924. Crawford would mark the end of inconsistency at the ranks for the baseball program. During his tenure, the program began to rise to national prominence. Crawford coached the Trojans for six years turning the reigns over to Sam Barry
33.
Rod Dedeaux
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Raoul Martial Rod Dedeaux was an American college baseball coach who compiled what is widely recognized as among the greatest records of any coach in the sports amateur history. Dedeaux was the baseball coach at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles for 45 seasons. His teams won 11 national titles, including a record five straight, Dedeaux was named Coach of the Year six times by the Collegiate Baseball Coaches Association and was inducted into its Hall of Fame in 1970. He was named Coach of the Century by Collegiate Baseball magazine, born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Dedeaux moved to Los Angeles and graduated from Hollywood High School in 1932. He played baseball at the University of Southern California for three seasons, Dedeaux then played professional baseball briefly in 1935, appearing in two games as a shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers late in the season. The following year playing for Dayton in the Mid-Atlantic League, he cracked a vertebra while swinging in cold weather. He then turned to coaching in the semi-pro and amateur ranks, Dedeaux invested $500 to start a trucking firm, Dart Enterprises, which he built into a successful regional business. When his college coach, Sam Barry, entered the U. S. Navy during World War II, upon Barrys return in 1946, they served as co-coaches, with Dedeaux running the team each year until Barry finished the basketball season. USC won its first national title in 1948, over Yale, the finals were held at Hyames Field in Kalamazoo, Michigan, settled by a 9–2 win in the third and deciding game. Following Barrys death in September 1950, Dedeaux became the sole coach, prior to his retirement in June 1986, Dedeauxs teams won ten additional College World Series titles in Omaha, including five consecutively, the sixth in seven years. No other coach won more than three titles until 1997, at USC, Dedeaux coached dozens of future major leaguers, including Ron Fairly, Don Buford, Tom Seaver, Dave Kingman, Roy Smalley, Fred Lynn, Mark McGwire, and Randy Johnson. Throughout his USC career, he accepted a salary of $1 per year. At to the 1999 edition, the 50th played in Omaha, he was given a key to the city by the mayor and a one-minute standing ovation by the fans at Rosenblatt Stadium. He was inducted into the American Baseball Coaches Associations Hall of Fame in 1970, USC played its home games at Bovard Field through 1973, and Dedeaux became known as The Houdini of Bovard for the come-from-behind home-field wins by the Trojans. A new baseball field named Dedeaux Field opened in 1974, named in honor of the head coach. Dedeaux was the coach of the United States Olympic team in 1964 and 1984. Baseball was elevated to full status in 1992, but only through 2008. Dedeaux also served as the coach and consultant for actors and ballplayers on the 1989 film Field of Dreams
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