Finland under Swedish rule
In Swedish and Finnish history, Finland under Swedish rule is the historical period when the bulk of the area that later came to constitute Finland was an integral part of Sweden. The starting point of Swedish rule is uncertain and controversial. Historical evidence of the establishment of Swedish rule in Finland exists from the middle of the 13th century onwards.
King Birger letter for Karelian women from 1316 is Finland's oldest surviving original document.
The bishop Henry and Lalli
Prevalent view of the two-branched border set in the treaty of Nöteborg. Shown in red is the undisputed section of the border, shown as a black dotted line are the two branches of the border, and in gray the border that was in use in the 16th century.[clarification needed]
Magnus Ericson on his national law book
The Finnish War was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, a state under the rule of the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
The Swedish assault on the chancellery in Kuopio during the Battle of Kuopio
Arrest of Gustav IV.
Russian troops crossing Kvarken in March 1809 (Alexander Kotzebue)
Memorial plaque commemorating the Russian army's crossing of Kvarken in 1809 in Björköby, Finland.
