Fire arrows were one of the earliest forms of weaponized gunpowder, being used from the 9th century onward. Not to be confused with earlier incendiary arrow projectiles, the fire arrow was a gunpowder
An arrow strapped with gunpowder ready to be shot from a bow. From the Huolongjing
Depiction of rocket arrows, from the Huolongjing. The right arrow reads 'fire arrow', the middle is an 'arrow frame in the shape of a dragon' and the left is a 'complete fire arrow'.
Arabic illustration showing a gunpowder arrow on the left, fireworks in the middle, and a midfa (fire lance or hand cannon) on the right, from Rzevuski MS, c. 1320-1350
Two fire arrows (crossbow bolts). Southern Germany, ca. 15th century, with preserved incendiary mixture of charcoal, sulphur, saltpeter and textile on the shaft.
A bō-hiya was a Japanese arrow-launching cannon and development of the fire arrow.
Fire arrow
…a type of mobile rocket arrow launcher known as the "Munjong Hwacha" was invented in Joseon. The Japanese version of the fire arrow was known as the bo hiya. The Japanese pirates (wokou, also known as wako or kaizoku) in the 16th century were reported to have used the bo hiya which had the appearance of a…
An Edo period wood block print showing samurai gunners firing bo-hiya with hiya-zutsu (fire arrow guns)
Antique Japanese (samurai) bo hiya or bohiya and hiya taihou (fire arrow cannon), Matsumoto Castle, in Nagano prefecture, Japan
Antique Japanese (samurai) bohiya or bo hiya, showing the fuse, Matsumoto Castle, in Nagano prefecture, Japan