First Constitutional Era
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The First Constitutional Era was a period of constitutional monarchy in the Ottoman Empire from 23 December 1876 until 14 February 1878. It began with the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution, wri
Mehmed Kani Pasha, member of the first Ottoman Parliament.
Ottoman constitution of 1876
Opening ceremony of the first parliament at the Dolmabahçe Palace 19 March 1877. Illustrated London News
Meeting of the first Parliament later on the same day at the Old Darülfünun building.
Tanzimat
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The Tanzimat was a period of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Driven by reformist statesmen such as Musta
First Constitutional Era
…1878. It began with the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution, written by members of the Young Ottomans. The Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the Tanzimat and pushed for a constitutional government similar to that in Europe. The constitutional period started with the dethroning of Sultan Abdul Aziz. After…
Mustafa Reşid Pasha, chief architect of the Tanzimat reform
Cenab Şehabeddin was known for his liberal ideals and poetry influenced by French Symbolism.
Diplomat Mehmed Cemil Bey wearing a frock coat and a bow tie.
Necip Ahmed Pasha, career officer and composer in French-inspired uniform.