The Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan was a breakaway state centered on the city of Kashgar, located in the far west of China's Xinjiang Province. It is often described as the First East Turke
Uyghur rebels in the 1930s
Khoja Niyaz served as the president of the short-lived republic
General Ma Zhongying (1910–1937?), Commander of 36th KMT Division (1933–1934)
General Ma Hushan (1910–1954), Commander of 36th KMT Division (1934–1937)
Kumul Rebellion
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The Kumul Rebellion was a rebellion from 1931 to 1934 of Kumulik Uyghurs who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, the governor of Xinjiang Province. The Kumu
First East Turkestan Republic
…East Turkestan Republic to differentiate it from the Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1946) established exactly a decade later. It emerged from the Kumul Rebellion following the abolition of the semi-autonomous Kumul Khanate by Xinjiang Governor Jin Shuren. Lasting from 12 November 1933 to 16 April 1934, it was…
Turkic conscripts of the New 36th Division near Kumul
Pre-rebellion Hindu trading community near Yarkand, early 20th century
Hui rifleman of the New 36th Division during training