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History
First Fitna
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The First Fitna was the first civil war in the Islamic community. It led to the overthrow of the Rashidun Caliphate and the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate. The civil war involved three main battles between the fourth Rashidun caliph, Ali, and the rebel groups.
Combat between the forces of Ali and Mu'awiyah I during the Battle of Siffin, from the Tarikhnama
Combat between the forces of Ali and Mu'awiyah I during the Battle of Siffin, from the Tarikhnama
A 1909 photograph of the Nahrawan Canal
A 1909 photograph of the Nahrawan Canal
Assassination of Ali
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Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashidun caliph and the first Shia Imam, was assassinated during the morning prayer on 28 January 661 CE, equivalent to 19 Ramadan 40 AH. He died of his wounds about two days after the Kharijite dissident Ibn Muljim struck him over his head with a poison-coated sword at the Great Mosque of Kufa, located in Kufa, in present-day Iraq. He was about sixty-two years of age at the time of his death.
The Great Mosque of Kufa, where Ali was assassinated in 661 during the morning prayers
The Great Mosque of Kufa, where Ali was assassinated in 661 during the morning prayers