The First Lyons ministry was the 20th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 10th Prime Minister, Joseph Lyons. The First Lyons ministry succeeded the Scullin ministry, which dissolved on 6 January 1932 following the federal election that took place on 19 December which saw the UAP defeat James Scullin's Labor Party. The ministry was replaced by the Second Lyons ministry on 12 October 1934 following the 1934 federal election.

Joseph Aloysius Lyons was an Australian politician who was the tenth prime minister of Australia, in office from 1932 until his death in 1939. He began his career in the Australian Labor Party (ALP), but became the founding leader of the United Australia Party (UAP) after the Australian Labor Party split of 1931. He had earlier been 26th premier of Tasmania from 1923 to 1928.