Fisheye lens
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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. Fisheye lenses achieve extremely wide angles of view, well beyond any rectilinear lens. Instead of producing images with straight lines of perspective, fisheye lenses use a special mapping, which gives images a characteristic convex non-rectilinear appearance.
Fisheye lens
Circular fisheye photograph of Oude Kerk Amsterdam. Chromatic aberration can clearly be seen toward the outer edges.
"Vue circulaire des montagnes qu'on découvre du sommet du Glacier de Buet", Horace-Benedict de Saussure
Wood's pail (top) and improved (bottom) camera (1906)
Distortion (optics)
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In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration.
In pincushion distortion, corners of squares form elongated points, as in a cushion.
With uncorrected barrel distortion (at 26mm)
Barrel distortion corrected with software (this is the ENIAC computer)