1.
Jennifer Weiner
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Jennifer Weiner is an American writer, television producer, and former journalist. She is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and her debut novel, published in 2001, was Good in Bed. Her novel In Her Shoes was made into a movie starring Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette, Weiner was born in DeRidder, Louisiana, where her father was stationed as an army physician. The next year, her moved to Simsbury, Connecticut. When Weiner was 16, her father abandoned the family and he died of a crack cocaine overdose in 2008. Weiner has said that she was one of only nine Jewish kids in her school class of 400 at Simsbury High School. Her first published story, Tour of Duty, appeared in Seventeen in 1992, from there, she moved on to Kentuckys Lexington Herald-Leader, still penning her Generation XIII column, before finding a job with The Philadelphia Inquirer as a features reporter. She continued to write for the Inquirer, freelancing on the side for Mademoiselle, Seventeen, in 2005, her second novel, In Her Shoes, was made into a feature film starring Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette and Shirley MacLaine by 20th Century Fox. Her sixth novel, Best Friends Forever, was a No.1 New York Times bestseller, to date, she is the author of nine bestselling books, including eight novels and a collection of short stories, with a reported 11 million copies in print in 36 countries. Her novel The Next Best Thing was published by Simon & Schuster in July 2012, in 2011, TIME named her to its list of the Top 140 Twitter Feeds shaping the conversation. In a 2011 interview with The Wall Street Journal blog Speakeasy, she said, There are gatekeepers who say chick lit doesn’t deserve attention, There is a long-standing gender imbalance in what goes into the canon, however you want to define the canon. As for the chick lit, Weiner has expressed ambivalence towards it. I’m not crazy about the label, she has said, because I think it comes with an assumption that you’ve written nothing more meaningful or substantial than a mouthful of cotton candy. As a result, critics react a certain way without ever reading the books, in 2008, Weiner published a critique on her blog of a review by Curtis Sittenfeld of a Melissa Bank novel. In Her Shoes was made into a motion picture in 2005 with Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette. She also made a appearance in this film. In 2010, the network ordered the show to series, on September 16, Weiner announced the shows cancellation via Twitter. Weiner made her TV debut on The Tony Danza Show in 2005 and she made a cameo appearance as herself in the Younger episode The Jade Crusade in 2016
2.
Film poster
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A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film. Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and they normally contain an image with text. Todays posters often feature photographs of the main actors, prior to the 1990s, illustrations instead of photos were far more common. The text on film posters usually contains the title in large lettering. It may also include a tagline, the name of the director, names of characters, film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters, and elsewhere on the street or in shops. The same images appear in the film exhibitors pressbook and may also be used on websites, DVD packaging, flyers, advertisements in newspapers and magazines, film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film. They began as outside placards listing the programme of films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater, by the early 1900s, they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes. Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film, as an economy measure, the NSS regularly recycled posters that were returned, sending them back out to be used again at another theater. During this time, a film could stay in circulation for several years and those posters which were not returned were often thrown away by the theater owner, but some found their way into the hands of collectors. Today there is a thriving market in film posters, some have become very valuable. The record price for a poster was set on November 15,2005 when $690,000 was paid for a poster of Fritz Langs 1927 film Metropolis from the Reel Poster Gallery in London. The 1931 Frankenstein six-sheet poster, of only one copy is known to exist, is considered to be the most valuable film poster in the world. Over the years, old Bollywood posters, especially with hand-painted art, have become collectors items, occasionally, rare film posters have been found being used as insulation in attics and walls. In 2011,33 film posters, including a Dracula Style F one-sheet, from 1930-1931 were discovered in an attic in Berwick, Pennsylvania, as a result of market demand, some of the more popular older film posters have been reproduced either under license or illegally. Although the artwork on reproductions is the same as originals, reproductions can often be distinguished by size, printing quality, several websites on the Internet offer authentication tests to distinguish originals from reproductions. Original film posters distributed to theaters and other venues by the movie studios are never sold directly to the public. However, most modern posters are produced in quantities and often become available for purchase by collectors indirectly through various secondary markets such as eBay. Accordingly, most modern posters are not as valuable, however some recent posters, such as the recalled Pulp Fiction Lucky Strike U. S. one sheet poster, are quite rare
3.
Bill Lishman
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Lishman was one of a few who pioneered ultra-light aviation in Canada, and was the first Canadian to foot-launch and land a rigid-winged aircraft. In 1988, he was the first person to lead birds in the air with an aircraft, as documented on ABCs 20/20, in 1994 he co-founded Operation Migration, Inc. and was its Chairperson until 2005. He has also created 8 major wildlife pieces featured in the 3D IMAX film The Last Buffalo, in 2015 he created a 40’ high stainless steel iceberg for the Canadian Museum of Nature. In 1990 he designed and constructed a unique earth-integrated domed home that has featured numerous times in the media. In 2000 the Canadian government awarded him the Meritorious Service Medal for bringing honour to Canada for his work with migratory birds. He also holds two honorary doctorates, the 1996 Oscar nominated Columbia pictures film Fly Away Home was inspired by his autobiography Father Goose and he is also credited with inspiring the Jacques Perrin film The Winged Migration. In 2005 he hosted a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Nature Of Things documentary on renewable energy, in 2015 Bill produced and self-published a coffee table book highlighting views of the Oak Ridges Moraine from Above. Www. williamlishman. com He lives in Blackstock with his wife Paula Lishman, the Lishmans have two sons, Geordie and Aaron, and one daughter, Carmen. Bill Lishman Home page Operation Migration Paula Lishman International
4.
Jeff Daniels
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One of his most notable roles is Harry Dunne in the buddy comedy Dumb and Dumber opposite Jim Carrey, a role he reprised in the 2014 sequel Dumb and Dumber To. He received Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor for his performances in The Purple Rose of Cairo, Something Wild and The Squid, Daniels work outside of the film industry has received similar acclaim and accolades as to his work on screen. He has received a number of nominations for his work on stage, including Tony Award nominations for Best Actor for his roles in the plays God of Carnage. He is the founder and current executive director of the Chelsea, Daniels was born in Athens, Georgia, to Marjorie J. and Robert Lee Bob Daniels. He spent the first six weeks of his life in Georgia, where his father was then teaching and his father owned the Chelsea Lumber Company and was also a onetime mayor of Chelsea. He attended Central Michigan University and participated in the theater program. Daniels performed in New York in The Shortchanged Review at Second Stage Theatre and it was the first show of the inaugural season for Second Stage Theatre. Daniels has starred in a number of New York productions, on and off Broadway. On Broadway, he has appeared in Lanford Wilsons Redwood Curtain, A. R. Gurneys The Golden Age and Wilsons Fifth of July, for which he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Best Supporting Actor. Off-Broadway, he received a Drama Desk nomination for Wilsons Lemon Sky, and he returned to the stage in 2009, appearing in Broadways God of Carnage opposite Hope Davis, James Gandolfini and Marcia Gay Harden. In 1991, he founded the Purple Rose Theatre Company, a stage company in Chelsea. Daniels has written more than a dozen plays for the company, in 2016, Daniels received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance in Blackbird, opposite Michelle Williams. Daniels made his debut in Miloš Formans Ragtime in 1981. His next film, the Oscar-winning Terms of Endearment, in which he played Debra Wingers callow and he garnered a Golden Globe nomination as the star of The Purple Rose Of Cairo, directed by Woody Allen. It was the last film that inspired the name for the company he established. Daniels earned his second Golden Globe nomination for starring in Jonathan Demmes Something Wild as an unassuming businessman swept up into a night by a mysterious woman. Daniels then starred in the horror–comedy Arachnophobia in 1990, the next year, Daniels starred in two films. His next notable role was as Colonel Joshua Chamberlain in Gettysburg, Daniels reprised the role of Chamberlain ten years later in the prequel film Gods and Generals
5.
Anna Paquin
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Anna Helene Paquin is a Canadian-born New Zealand actress. As a child, she beat 5000 candidates for the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campions romantic drama film The Piano, despite having had little to no acting experience prior to getting the role. For her performance, she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11 and she played mutant superheroine Rogue in multiple films of the X-Men franchise and was nominated for a Saturn Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in the first installment. Paquin is also known for playing the role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood. Paquin has been married since 2010 to actor Stephen Moyer, with whom she has two children, Paquin has two older siblings, Andrew, a director, and Katya, whose partner is the Green Party of New Zealands former co-leader Russel Norman. Paquin is of Dutch, French and Irish descent, Paquins family moved to New Zealand when she was four. She attended the Raphael House Rudolf Steiner School until she was eight or nine and her musical childhood hobbies in New Zealand included playing the viola, cello and piano. She also participated in gymnastics, ballet, swimming and downhill skiing, while in New Zealand, Paquin attended Hutt Intermediate School. She graduated from Windward School in June 2000 and completed the schools Community Service requirement by working in a soup kitchen and she studied at Columbia University for one year but has since been on a leave of absence to continue her acting career. Director Jane Campion was looking for a girl to play a main role in The Piano, set to film in New Zealand. Paquins sister read the ad and went to try out with a friend, when The Piano was released in 1993 it was lauded by critics, won prizes at a number of film festivals, and eventually became a popular film among a wide audience. Paquins debut performance in the film earned her the 1993 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest Oscar winner in history, behind Tatum ONeal. The Piano was made as a independent film and wasnt expected to be widely known. However, she was invited to the William Morris Agency, and she systematically refused them, but she did appear in three commercials for the phone company MCI in 1994. She later made a series of commercials for Manitoba Telecom Systems in her birth city of Winnipeg. She also appeared as a voice in a book entitled The Magnificent Nose in 1994. In 1996, she appeared in two films, the first role was as young Jane in Jane Eyre. The other was a part in Fly Away Home playing a young girl who, after her mother dies, moves in with her father
6.
Dana Delany
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Dana Welles Delany is an American film, stage, and television actress, producer, presenter, and health activist. Delany has been active in business since the late 1970s. She received further recognition for her performances in the films Light Sleeper, Tombstone, Exit to Eden, The Margaret Sanger Story, Fly Away Home, True Women, since the mid-1990s, Delany has served on the board of the Scleroderma Research Foundation. In the 2000s, Delany returned to television with a string of short-lived television series beginning with Pasadena, Presidio Med, from 2007 to 2010, Delany played Katherine Mayfair on the ABC series Desperate Housewives. In the 2010s, from 2011 to 2013, Delany played the role of Megan Hunt on the ABC drama series Body of Proof. In 2014, she began her role as Crystal Harris in the Amazon drama series Hand of God. Most recently, in 2015, she had a recurring guest role in the short-lived FX sitcom The Comedians as Julie, on July 23,2015, the series was cancelled after one season. Delany is also a voice actress and she played Lois Lane in the DC animated universe as well as in The Batman animated series. In an interview, she said she loves to play complicated characters, Delany was born in New York City, the daughter of Mary and Jack Delany. She is of Irish and English descent and was raised Roman Catholic and she has stated that, even as a child, she always wanted to go into acting. The reason a person first gets into acting is because you want attention from parents as a child. In her childhood, she went with her family to many Broadway shows and was fascinated by films, andover was the best time of my life, she recalled. She played the role of Nellie Forbush in the schools spring musical production of South Pacific opposite Peter Kapetan as Emile. She appeared in a student video directed by classmate Jonathan Meath in a class taught by Steve Marx. She graduated in 1974 with the honor of cum laude which was awarded to 80 out of 378 graduating seniors. She majored in theater at Wesleyan University, worked in stock productions during vacations. Later, in an interview, she reported that she sometimes had eating issues during this time of her life, I was one step from anorexia – a piece of toast and an apple would be all I would eat in a day. After college, she found acting work in New York City in daytime soap operas, Delany moved to Hollywood and during the next few years found work guest starring in TV shows like Moonlighting and Magnum, P. I
7.
Caleb Deschanel
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Joseph Caleb Deschanel, A. S. C. is an American film cinematographer and film/television director. He has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography five times and he is a member of the National Film Preservation Board of the Library of Congress, representing the American Society of Cinematographers. Deschanel was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Ann Ward and his father was French, from Oullins, Rhône, and his mother was American. Deschanel was raised in his mothers Quaker religion and he went to Severn School for high school. Murch graduated a year ahead of him and encouraged Deschanel to follow him to the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, where he graduated in 1968. During this time, he was a member of a band of students called The Dirty Dozen. Following his graduation, he attended the AFI Conservatory and graduated in 1969 as a member of its first class and he directed his first film The Escape Artist in 1982, and a second, Crusoe, in 1989. In 1990, Deschanel directed three episodes of the David Lynch series Twin Peaks, in 2007, he directed an episode of Bones, which stars his daughter Emily. He was the cinematographer in the 2009 film My Sisters Keeper and he was also the cinematographer for the 2011 thriller Dream House. He was an member of the American Zoetrope production team, along with George Lucas. He was awarded the ASC Lifetime Achievement Award in 2010 by the American Society of Cinematographers and he has been nominated for five Academy Awards, each time in the field of cinematography. The first nomination came in 1983 for the film The Right Stuff and his second was in 1984 for The Natural. A third came in 1996 for Fly Away Home, then a fourth in 2000 for The Patriot and he also won the American Society of Cinematographers award for his work in The Patriot
8.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
9.
Canada goose
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The Canada goose is a large wild goose species with a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brown body. Native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, its migration occasionally reaches northern Europe and it has been introduced to the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. Like most geese, the Canada goose is primarily herbivorous and normally migratory, Canada geese are also among the most commonly hunted waterfowl in North America. The Canada goose was one of the species described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae. It belongs to the Branta genus of geese, which species with largely black plumage. Branta is a Latinised form of Old Norse Brandgás, burnt goose, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first citation for the Canada goose dates back to 1772. The Canada goose is colloquially referred to as the Canadian goose. The British Ornithologists Union followed suit in June 2005, the AOU has divided the many subspecies between the two species. This has been aggravated by the overlap between the types of Canada goose and larger types of cackling goose. The old lesser Canada goose was believed to be a hybrid population, with the birds named B. c. taverneri considered a mixture of B. c. minima, B. c. occidentalis. In addition, the barnacle goose has been determined to be a derivative of the cackling goose lineage, the black head and neck with a white chinstrap distinguish the Canada goose from all other goose species, with the exception of the cackling goose and barnacle goose. The seven subspecies of this vary widely in size and plumage details. Some of the races can be hard to distinguish from the cackling goose. However, most subspecies of the goose are considerably smaller. The smallest cackling goose, B. h. minima, is larger than a mallard. In addition to the difference, cackling geese also have a shorter neck and smaller bill. Canada geese range from 75 to 110 cm in length and have a 127–185 cm wingspan. Among standard measurements, the chord can range from 39 to 55 cm, the tarsus can range from 6.9 to 10.6 cm
10.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
11.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
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Egg incubation
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Incubation refers to the process by which certain oviparous animals hatch their eggs, it also refers to the development of the embryo within the egg. Multiple and various factors are vital to the incubation of various species of animal, in many species of reptile for example, no fixed temperature is necessary, but the actual temperature determines the sex ratio of the offspring. In birds in contrast, the genders of offspring are genetically determined, especially in poultry, the act of sitting on eggs to incubate them is called brooding. A wide range of incubation habits is displayed among birds, the Namaqua sandgrouse of the deserts of southern Africa, needing to keep its eggs cool during the heat of the day, stands over them drooping its wings to shade them. The humidity is also critical, because if the air is too dry the egg will lose too much water to the atmosphere, which can make hatching difficult or impossible. As incubation proceeds, an egg will normally become lighter, in the species that incubate, the work is divided differently between the sexes. Possibly the most common pattern is that the female all the incubation, as in the coscoroba swan. In some species, such as the crane, the male. In others, such as the cassowaries, only the male incubates, the male mountain plover incubates the females first clutch, but if she lays a second, she incubates it herself. In hoatzins, some birds help their parents incubate later broods, the incubation period, the time from the start of uninterrupted incubation to the emergence of the young, varies from 11 days to 85 days. In these latter, the incubation is interrupted, the longest uninterrupted period is 64 to 67 days in the emperor penguin, in general smaller birds tend to hatch faster, but there are exceptions, and cavity nesting birds tend to have longer incubation periods. It can be a demanding process, with adult albatrosses losing as much as 83 g of body weight a day. Megapode eggs take from 49 to 90 days depending on the mound, even in other birds, ambient temperatures can lead to variation in incubation period. Normally, of course, the egg is incubated outside the body, however, in one recorded case, the egg incubation occurred entirely within a chicken. The chick hatched inside and emerged from its mother without the shell, embryo development remains suspended until the onset of incubation. The freshly laid eggs of fowl, ostrich, and several other species can be stored for about two weeks when maintained under 5 C. Extended periods of suspension have been observed in marine birds. Some start to incubate after the last egg of the clutch, incubation periods for birds Very few mammals lay eggs
13.
Imprinting (psychology)
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In psychology and ethology, imprinting is any kind of phase-sensitive learning that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior. It was first used to describe situations in which an animal or person learns the characteristics of some stimulus, Imprinting is hypothesized to have a critical period. The best-known form of imprinting is filial imprinting, in which a young animal acquires several of its characteristics from its parent. It is most obvious in nidifugous birds, which imprint on their parents and it was first reported in domestic chickens, by the 19th-century amateur biologist Douglas Spalding. It was rediscovered by the early ethologist Oskar Heinroth, and studied extensively, Lorenz demonstrated how incubator-hatched geese would imprint on the first suitable moving stimulus they saw within what he called a critical period between 13–16 hours shortly after hatching. For example, the goslings would imprint on Lorenz himself, Lorenz also found that the geese could imprint on inanimate objects. In one experiment, they followed a box placed on a train in circles around the track. Filial imprinting is not restricted to animals that are able to follow their parents. The filial imprinting of birds was a technique used to create the movie Winged Migration. The birds imprinted on handlers, who wore yellow jackets and honked horns constantly, the birds were then trained to fly along with a variety of aircraft, primarily ultralights. The Italian hang-glider pilot Angelo dArrigo extended this technique and he used this fact to enable the re-introduction into the wild of threatened species of raptors. Birds that are hatched in captivity have no mentor birds to teach them their migratory routes. DArrigo had one solution to this problem, the chicks hatched under the wing of his glider, and imprinted on him. Then, he taught the fledglings to fly and to hunt, the young birds followed him not only on the ground but also in the air as he took the path of various migratory routes. He flew across the Sahara and over the Mediterranean Sea to Sicily with eagles, from Siberia to Iran with a flock of Siberian cranes, in 2006, he worked with a condor in South America. In a similar project, orphaned Canada geese were trained to their migration route by the Canadian ultralight enthusiast Bill Lishman. Chicks of domestic chickens prefer to be large groups of objects that they have imprinted on. This behaviour was used to determine that very young chicks of a few days old have rudimentary counting skills, in a series of experiments, they were made to imprint on plastic balls and could figure out which of two groups of balls hidden behind screens had the most balls
14.
Domesticated animals
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This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, however, domestication is a gradual process, i. e. there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated. Archaeozoology has identified three classes of animal domesticates, commensals, adapted to a niche, prey animals sought for food. To sort the tables chronologically by date of domestication, refresh your browser window, as clicking the Date column heading will mix AD, due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what, precisely, constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also species that are used or kept as pets by humans. Most animals on this table are at least somewhat altered from wild animals by their extensive interactions with humans. Many could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans
15.
Pinioning
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Pinioning is the act of surgically removing one pinion joint, the joint of a birds wing farthest from the body, to prevent flight. Pinioning is often done to waterfowl and poultry and it is not typically done to companion bird species such as parrots. Removing the pinion joint of a bird stops the growth of the primary feathers, pinioning may be done by a veterinarian or by a trained breeder, dependent on the country in which the keeper is operating. For example, it is illegal for other than a veterinarian to carry out the procedure in England. It is similar to forms of modification of domestically raised animals. Apart from the prevention of flight, there is thought to be little long term negative effect from pinioning if performed correctly. However, the welfare impact of pinioning is subject to increasing debate. For example, it is now known that the operation, which is performed without pain relief, is just as painful in young birds as in mature birds. Evidence also suggests that pinioning may cause a phantom limb syndrome similar to what is observed in human amputees, for these reasons this practice has been prohibited in certain regions and is subject to increasing scrutiny. A non-surgical alternative is clipping the flight feathers and this only lasts until feathers are replaced during the moult, however, the flight feathers are only replaced once or twice a year, depending on the species. Unfortunately, the process of capturing and clipping can cause distress to birds. Permanent enclosures designed to prevent accidental egress of birds remove the need for pinioning, pinioning is legally restricted in many countries. In England, if the bird is more than 10 days old its pinioning may only be performed using anaesthetic and, regardless of the birds age and it is also illegal to perform on farmed birds. In Austria pinioning is prohibited based on §5 and §7 of the Animal Protection Act
16.
Ultralight aviation
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Ultralight aviation is the flying of lightweight,1 or 2 seat fixed-wing aircraft. Some countries differentiate between control and conventional 3-axis control aircraft with ailerons, elevator and rudder, calling the former microlight. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, mostly stimulated by the gliding movement. As a result, many aviation authorities set up definitions of lightweight, the resulting aeroplanes are commonly called ultralight aircraft or microlights, although the weight and speed limits differ from country to country. In Europe the sporting definition limits the maximum weight to 450 kg. The definition means that the aircraft has a landing speed. In most affluent countries, microlights or ultralight aircraft now account for a significant percentage of the global civilian-owned aircraft, for instance in Canada in October 2010, the ultralight aircraft fleet made up to 19% of the total civilian aircraft registered. In other countries that do not register ultralight aircraft, like the United States, in countries where there is no specific extra regulation, ultralights are considered regular aircraft and subject to certification requirements for both aircraft and pilot. In Australia, ultralight aircraft and their pilots can either be registered with the Hang Gliding Federation of Australia or Recreational Aviation Australia, in all cases, except for privately built single seat ultralight aeroplanes, microlight aircraft or trikes are regulated by the Civil Aviation Regulations. Other than the very earliest aircraft, all two-seat UK microlights have been required to meet airworthiness standard BCAR Section S, in 2007 SSDR, a sub-category of single seat aircraft was introduced, allowing owners more freedom for modification and experiments. In 2015 the SSDR rules changed, the definition of a single seat microlight was adjusted to effectively de-regulate all single seat microlights for airworthiness purposes. There is no requirement or annual inspection regime for SSDR microlights although pilots who fly them must have a normal microlight licence. In the UK the microlight licence is currently called NPPL, the United States FAAs definition of an ultralight is significantly different from that in most other countries and can lead to some confusion when discussing the topic. The governing regulation in the United States is FAR103 Ultralight Vehicles, in 2004 the FAA introduced the Light-sport aircraft category, which resembles some other countries microlight categories. Ultralight aviation is represented by the United States Ultralight Association, which acts as the US aeroclub representative to the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, there are several categories of aircraft which qualify as ultralights in some countries, Fixed-wing aircraft, traditional airplane-style designs. Weight-shift control trike, use a hang glider-style wing, below which is suspended a three-wheeled carriage which carries the engine and these aircraft are controlled by pushing against a horizontal control bar in roughly the same way as a hang glider pilot flies. Powered parachute, fuselage-mounted engines with parafoil wings, which are wheeled aircraft, powered paraglider, backpack engines with parafoil wings, which are foot-launched. Powered hang glider, motorized foot-launched hang glider harness, helicopter, there are a number of single-seat and two-place helicopters which fall under the microlight categories in countries such as New Zealand
17.
Animal sanctuary
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An animal sanctuary is a facility where animals are brought to live and be protected for the rest of their lives. Unlike animal shelters, sanctuaries do not seek to place animals with individuals or groups, the mission of sanctuaries is generally to be safe havens, where the animals receive the best care that the sanctuaries can provide. Animals are not bought, sold, or traded, nor are they used for animal testing, the resident animals are given the opportunity to behave as natural as possible in a protective environment. What distinguishes a sanctuary from other institutions is the philosophy that the residents come first, in a sanctuary, every action is scrutinized for any trace of human benefit at the expense of non-human residents. Sanctuaries act on behalf of the animals, and the work under the notion that all animals in the sanctuary. A sanctuary is not open to the public in the sense of a zoo, that is, a sanctuary tries not to allow any activity that would place the animals in an unduly stressful situation. One of the most important missions of sanctuaries, beyond caring for the animals, is educating the public, the ultimate goal of many sanctuaries is to change the way that humans think of, and treat, non-human animals
18.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
19.
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station
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Niagara Falls International Airport Air Reserve Station is an Air Force Reserve Command military installation operationally-gained by the Air Mobility Command. It is located adjacent to Niagara Falls International Airport, New York,4.7 miles east-northeast of Niagara Falls, the station is the last federal USAF installation in the state, the other remaining USAF installations falling under the Air National Guard). A Military Entrance Processing Station for all five branches of the U. S. is also located at the station, both the 914 AW and 107 AW number in excess of 1,100 military personnel each. The Armys Air Service had begun operations in western New York by 1917 when a school for photofinishers opened in Rochester, Niagara Falls Airport opened at Niagara Falls, New York, in 1928 as a city-owned municipal airport with four crushed-stone runways. The Bell Modification Center at the Niagara Falls Airport was 1 of 21 built by Materiel Command in 1942 to fit the mass production models to the needs of the specific theaters of operations. Bell was contracted to operate the center, and the airfield leased by the USAAF was improved with macadam runways, taxiways, Military units at Niagara Falls included a Modification Center Headquarters and a training school, Niagara Falls East Tr Sch. In 1944, the Manhattan Engineer District used the military Niagara Falls Storage Site on the 1941 Lake Ontario Ordnance Works Site for radioactive residues and wastes from uranium ore processing, the Naval Air Station Niagara Falls was established in 1946 and the installation was expanded. Jurisdiction of the returned to a civilian agency later in 1946. The reconnaissance units were inactivated on 27 June 1949, and the New York Air National Guards 107th Fighter Group was federalized on 8 December 1948, 107th personnel deployed in March 1951 to the Far East Air Forces for the Korean War. Air Defense Command assumed jurisdiction of the Niagara Falls military installation, Niagara Falls Air Force Base was established by 1955 after the 76th Air Base Squadron was activated in February 1952 as the host unit. Following Korea operations, the 107th converted to F-51 Mustangs and was reassigned to Air Defense Command, the 136th FIS was returned to state control when ADC activated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 December 1952 as a replacement. The 47th FIS initially used the F-47s of the 135th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, NFAFB activated the 518th Air Defense Group on 16 February 1953 and upgraded to F-86F Sabres in February 1953. In January 1954, the 107th received its first jet aircraft, the Air Force Reserves 445th Fighter-Bomber Group with F-84 Thunderjets moved to Niagara Falls from Buffalo Airport on 15 June 1955 and moved to Memphis on 16 November 1957. Two 15th FG aircraft--T-33 & F-86 at Niagara Falls Air Force Base—collided in 1956, in 1959 a NFAFB helicopter crashed in Letchworth State Park searching for an 83-year-old professor emeritus, and in 1961 an F-100 from the base crashed into the Niagara Gorge. NFAFBs 4621st Air Base Group was the host unit and supported the adjacent 1961-9 Niagara Falls Air Force Missile Site with CIM-10 Bomarc surface-to-air missiles, on 1 July 1960 at NFAFB, the 15th Fighter Group was inactivated and the 47th FIS was reassigned. The 107th deployed to the Berlin Crisis of 1961 for 11 months, in 1969, the Niagara Support Center was planned to be closed, and the 4621st ABG was inactivated on 31 March 1970. In 1971 the 914th assumed command of the installation from active duty units, at the same time, the 107th converted to McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors. The 107th received F-4C Phantoms, then F-4Ds and in 1990, in October 1990, over 300 members of the 914th Airlift Group spent seven months in the United Arab Emirates for Operation Desert Shield, 107th members were also activated
20.
Joe Pantoliano
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Joseph Peter Joe Pantoliano, often referred to by his nickname Joey Pants, is an American actor. Marshal Cosmo Renfro in both The Fugitive and U. S. Marshals films, Pantoliano was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, the son of Italian American parents Mary, a bookie and seamstress, and Dominic Monk Pantoliano, a hearse driver and factory foreman. He attended HB Studio, and studied extensively with actors John Lehne and he first grew to fame as Guido the Killer Pimp in Risky Business, and continued to rise in 1985 when he appeared as the villainous Francis Fratelli in teen classic The Goonies. He gained fame amongst a new generation as Cypher in the 1999 landmark sci-fi film The Matrix and he also played Deputy Marshal Cosmo Renfro in The Fugitive along with Tommy Lee Jones, and reprised the role in the sequel U. S. Marshals. He is known for his portrayals of criminals, criminal investigators, detectives, in 2003, Pantoliano replaced Stanley Tucci in the Broadway play Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune. That same year he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for The Sopranos, in 2013, he was cast as Yogi Berra in the Broadway production of Bronx Bombers, but dropped out during rehearsals due to creative differences. When not acting, Pantoliano also writes and he is the author of two memoirs, Whos Sorry Now, The True Story of a Stand-Up Guy and Asylum, Hollywood Tales From My Great Depression, Brain Dis-Ease, Recovery and Being My Mothers Son. In the latter, he writes about his addictions to alcohol, food, sex, Vicodin, Pantoliano lives with his wife, former model Nancy Sheppard, and their four children. He was introduced to his wife by his friend, actress Samantha Phillips and he claims that his recent film Canvas was what helped him come to terms with his depression. Rather than hide his struggle from the public, he has chosen to speak out about it to some of the stigmas that are commonly associated with mental illness. He founded an organization, No Kidding, Me Too. to unite members of the entertainment industry in educating the public about mental illness. The title comes from the response he’s heard all too often after divulging how mental illness affected him, he’s also shot a documentary called No Kidding, Me Too. I thought it was very revealing, official website Joe Pantoliano at the Internet Movie Database Joe Pantoliano interview with ABILITY Magazine
21.
Gladys O'Connor
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Gladys OConnor was a British-born Canadian actress who acted professionally in movies and television series for more than 20 years. Born in East London, England, she and her family moved to Canada when she was 9, before becoming an actress, she worked as a saleswoman, accountant and bookkeeper. OConnor began acting in American television series and films in the middle of the 1980s and her first appearance was in Police Academy 3, Back in Training in 1986. Some of her credits are Stepping Out, Harriet the Spy, Billy Madison, Matrix. She played a cranky but kind farm woman in Fly Away Home and her last role came in 1998 when she played Mavis in the TV-movie The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon. OConnor died on February 21,2012 at the age of 108, gladys OConnor at the Internet Movie Database
22.
Mary Chapin Carpenter
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Mary Chapin Carpenter is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Carpenter spent several years singing in Washington, D. C. clubs before signing in the late 1980s with Columbia Records and she followed it with Stones in the Road and A Place in the World, which both featured hit singles. In the 2000s, Carpenters albums departed both thematically and musically from her work, becoming less radio-friendly and more focused on societal and political issues. In 2007, she released The Calling and she followed that with The Age of Miracles, Ashes and Roses and the orchestral album, Songs From the Movie. Carpenter has won five Grammy Awards and is the only artist to have won four consecutive Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance, as of 2005, she had sold more than 12 million records. On October 7,2012, Mary Chapin Carpenter was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, Carpenter has performed on television shows such as Late Night with David Letterman and Austin City Limits and on radio shows such as The Diane Rehm Show. She also tours frequently, returning to Washington almost every summer to perform at the outdoor venue Wolf Trap. She is a cousin of the late Harry Chapin, Cats in the Cradle singer. Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey, to Chapin Carpenter, Jr. a Life Magazine executive, Carpenter lived in Japan from 1969 to 1971 before moving to Washington, D. C. She attended Princeton Day School, a private prep school. Carpenter described her childhood as pretty typical suburban, with her musical interests defined chiefly by her sisters albums of such as The Mamas & the Papas, The Beatles. When Carpenter was 16 her parents divorced, an event that affected Carpenter, Carpenter also hosted an open-mic night at a bar in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Washington, DC for a number of years. Carpenter graduated from Brown University in 1981 with a degree in American Civilization, Carpenter played some summer sets in Washingtons music scene, where she met guitarist John Jennings, who would become her producer and long-time collaborator. However, she considered music a hobby and planned on getting a real job and she briefly quit performing, but after several job interviews decided to return to music. Carpenter was persuaded by Jennings to play original material instead of covers, within a few years, she landed a manager and recorded a demo tape that led to a deal with Columbia Records. Carpenters first album, Hometown Girl was produced by John Jennings and was released in 1987, though songs from Hometown Girl got play on public and college radio stations, it was not until Columbia began promoting Carpenter as a country artist that she found a wider audience. For a long time, Carpenter was ambivalent about this pigeonholing, saying she preferred the term singer-songwriter or slash rocker and she told Rolling Stone in 1991, Ive never approached music from a categorization process, so to be a casualty of it is real disconcerting to me. Some music critics argue that Carpenters style covers a range of influences even broader than those from country, backwards guitar loops and use of a sitar on one track, all elements not commonly found on a country or folk album
23.
Lindsay, Ontario
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Lindsay is a community of 20,354 people on the Scugog River in the Kawartha Lakes region of south-eastern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 43 km west of Peterborough and it is the seat of the City of Kawartha Lakes, and the hub for business and commerce in the region. Lindsay Transit provides bus service to the community and surrounding area, the Township of Ops was surveyed in 1825 by Colonel Duncan McDonell, and Lots 20 and 21 in the 5th Concession were reserved for a town site. The same year began to come to the region, and by 1827, the Purdys. The following year built a sawmill, and in 1830. A small village grew up around the mills, and it was known as Purdys Mills, in 1834, surveyor John Huston plotted the designated town site into streets and lots. During the survey, one of Hustons assistants, Mr. Lindsay, was shot in the leg. He was buried on the riverbank and his name and death were recorded on the surveyors plan, the name Lindsay remained as the name of the town by government approval. Lindsay grew steadily and developed into a lumbering and farming centre, with the arrival of the Port Hope Railway in 1857, the town saw a period of rapid development and industrial growth. On June 19 of the year, Lindsay was formally incorporated as a town. In 1861, a fire swept through the town and most of Lindsay was destroyed with hundreds of people left homeless and it took many years for Lindsay to recover from this disaster. In the late 19th century, local photographers Fowler & Oliver worked out of the Sunbeam Photo Gallery and it was also the home to Sir Samuel Hughes, the Canadian Minister of Militia during the First World War. The Victoria Street Armouries were built during this time, in 2001 Lindsays town government was officially dissolved and merged, with Victoria County into the new City of Kawartha Lakes. The first railway to arrive in Lindsay was the Port Hope, Lindsay & Beaverton Railway, the first train arrived at the St. Paul and King Streets station on the east side of the Scugog River on October 16,1857. In 1871 it continued on over the Scugog River across a swing-bridge, gained height on the west bank and it was renamed the Port Hope Railway in 1869. Lindsay’s second railway began as the Fenelon Falls Railway in 1871, changing its name to the Lindsay, Fenelon Falls & Ottawa River Valley Railway and it reached and terminated at Haliburton in 1878. In 1881, the Midland Railway acquired the smaller railways. In Lindsay, a new entry from Omemee was then decided upon, the track now came along just south of Durham to Cambridge Street, where it curved north to connect with the former Victoria Railway on Victoria Avenue
24.
A Christmas Story
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Now a Christmas season classic in the United States, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. The film earned director Clark two Genie Awards, in 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Nine-year-old Ralphie Parker wants only one thing for Christmas, a Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-shot Range Model air rifle with a compass in the stock and this thing which tells time. Ralphies desire is rejected by his mother, his teacher Miss Shields, Christmas morning arrives and Ralphie dives into his presents. Although he does receive some presents he enjoys, Ralphie ultimately is disappointed that he did not receive the one thing he wanted more than anything. After it appears all of the presents have been opened, Ralphies father, Ralphie opens it to reveal the Red Ryder gun he wanted. Ralphie takes the gun outside and fires it at a target perched on a sign in the backyard. However, the BB ricochets back at Ralphie and knocks his glasses off, while searching for them, thinking he has indeed shot his eye out, Ralphie accidentally steps on his glasses and breaks them. In order to cover for the fact that he broke his glasses. His mother, not having seen what happened, believes him. The film ends with Ralphie lying in bed on Christmas night with his gun by his side, a voiceover by an adult Ralphie states that this was the best present he had ever received or would ever receive. Although Ralphies BB gun desire is the plot point of the film. Among them, Ralphie and Randys father wins an award in a contest. The prize is a lamp in the shape of a womans leg wearing a stocking, which was derived from the logo for Nehi pop. The Old Man also fights a battle with the malfunctioning furnace in the Parker home. His frustrations cause him to swear quite often, including one profanity-laden rant that the adult Ralphie says is still hanging in space over Lake Michigan, still another source of frustration for The Old Man is the dogs that belong to the next door neighbors, the Bumpuses. The Bumpuses own at least 785 smelly hound dogs that harass The Old Man whenever he comes home from work, on Christmas Day, the dogs ruin the familys Christmas dinner by romping through their kitchen and eating their turkey. This results in the family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant instead, Ralphie and his friends Flick and Schwartz are tormented by the neighborhood bullies Scut Farkus and Grover Dill
25.
A Cool, Dry Place
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A Cool, Dry Place is a 1998 drama movie adapted by Matthew McDuffie from the 1996 novel Dance Real Slow by Michael Grant Jaffe. It was directed by John N. Smith, the movie stars Vince Vaughn, Monica Potter, Joey Lauren Adams and Bobby Moat. Russ, a single father balances his work as an attorney with the care of his five-year-old son, father and son adjust to their new life in rural Kansas. Eighteen months ago wife and mother, Kate, abandoned husband, grandpa from Florida sends Calvin a Man-of-War jellyfish. The jellyfish is obviously dead but the boy wants to keep it, Russ also coaches the local high school basketball team and he kicks disrespectful Noah off the team. The boys older sister and guardian Beth, dumps a bag of dog food on the coachs windshield and this meeting leads to a new relationship with Beth, a veterinarians assistant. Suddenly wife Kate reappears and wants to re-assert herself in her husband, on top of the romantic conflict, Russ is also presented with the opportunity of a lifetime to join a major firm in Dallas. While Russ is in Dallas for the job interview, Kate runs off with the boy to Cincinnati, the father follows his wife to get the unhappy son. Russ then turns down the job, the wife gives the boy back to his dad, a Cool, Dry Place at the Internet Movie Database A Cool, Dry Place at Rotten Tomatoes
26.
Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada
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The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada is a museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the second largest aviation museum in Canada, the collection is housed in an original Trans-Canada Air Lines hangar dating from the 1930s. The Western Canada Aviation Museum was incorporated in 1974 for the preservation and promotion of Canadas aviation history, the museum received the Royal designation on 19 December 2014 to become The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada. A fully enclosed flight deck to watch the landings and takeoffs at Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport is one of the other attractions, Canadas first helicopter which was built by the Froebe brothers in Homewood, Manitoba. Avro CF-100 Canuck interceptor Avrocar - Replica of the secret Cold War flying saucer built by Avro Canada for the American military, beechcraft Expeditor - RCAF trainer and light transport Bellanca Aircruiser Eldorado Radium Silver Express - bushplane. Bristol Freighter - large twin engine cargo aircraft Canadair CL-84 - experimental VTOL aircraft, Canadian Vickers Vedette replica built from three wrecks of first aircraft designed for Canadian conditions. De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver - Canadian designed bushplane. de Havilland Tiger Moth RCAF BCATP biplane trainer, Fairchild Super 71 all metal bushplane. Fokker Super Universal bushplane Junkers Ju 52/1M modified as CF-ARM flown by Canadian Airways Ltd, known as the Flying Boxcar, this was the largest single-engine aircraft operated in North America. Lockheed Model 10 Electra - twin engine 1930s airliner McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo interceptor with training simulator, North American NA-64 Yale RCAF radio trainer. Vickers Viscount - airliner which operated from the hangar that now houses the Museum, in 2012, an exhibit displaying Canadas role in coastal patrol was opened. One item in the archives is a rare, five-minute film of Amelia Earhart embarking on her solo, trans-Atlantic flight from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, the library is open to the public on an appointment basis and photos, films, and audiotapes are loaned or copied on request. The Museum has an active Restoration Department and has returned many bent, a team of volunteers completed a full-scale replica of a Canadian Vickers Vedette Mark V aircraft in May 2002. Current projects include the restoration of a Bellanca Aircruiser, Fairchild Super 71, Waco, the Museum has facilitated the recovery of several aircraft, including the Ghost of Charron Lake - a Fokker Standard Universal that has taken more than 30 years to locate. It is currently in a recovery and retrieval phase, after which it will begin its restoration, the Museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the Virtual Museum of Canada. Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame List of aerospace museums List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix Official website
27.
History of hang gliding
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Hang gliding is an air sport employing a foot-launchable aircraft known as a hang glider. Typically, a glider is constructed of an aluminium alloy or composite-framed fabric wing. The pilot is ensconced in a suspended from the airframe. Early hang glider designs did not reliably achieve safe flight, their builders lacking an understanding of the underlying principles of flight. The first recorded controlled flights were by German engineer Otto Lilienthal, whose research, published in 1889, the type of aircraft employed by Lilienthal is now referred to as a hang glider. Further hang glider research was undertaken during the 1920s in Europe, Australia and the US, where designers tested several wing concepts, the earliest forms of gliding had existed in China. By the end of the sixth century A. D. the Chinese had managed to build kites large and it was only a matter of time before someone decided to simply remove the kite strings and see what happened. Through the 1880s several aviation pioneers emerged in different countries around the world all perusing glider designs with varying degrees of success, Otto Lilienthal duplicated some of his contemporaries work and greatly expanded on it from 1874, publishing all of his research in 1889. He also produced a series of gliders, and in 1891 was able to make flights of 25 metres or more routinely and he rigorously documented his work, influencing later designers, for this reason he is one of the best known and most influential of the early aviation pioneers. His type of aircraft is now known as a hang glider, by 1896 he had made about 2000 flights of 250 metres with a number of his designs when he crashed from a height of about 15 metres, fracturing his spine. Percy Pilcher took a growing interest in aviation and built a glider called The Bat which he flew for the first time in 1895. Later that year Pilcher met and consulted with Otto Lilienthal, who was the expert in gliding. Based on the work of his mentor Otto Lilienthal, in 1897 Pilcher built a hang glider called The Hawk with which he broke the world distance record when he flew 250 metres. The hang glider lost some importance from the introduction of wing warping in 1902 by the Wright brothers and these activities on Wasserkuppe promoted a renaissance of gliding aviation. Many of these gliders flown in 1920 were hang gliders in that they were controlled by the pilots weight shift alone, the first Wasserkuppe glider competition was held in 1920, and from 1924 they were organised by Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft. Over the next decade, the contest grew in popularity, as many as 60,000 spectators dotted the mountain slopes to watch these events. Virtually every European aeronautical engineer of the tested and modified their aircraft there. In 1904 Jan Lavezzari demonstrated a stiffened flexible-wing hang glider in flight at Berck-sur-Mer, in 1908, a glider with a triangular control frame and the pilot tethered behind it, was demonstrated in the territory of Breslau
28.
Port Perry
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Port Perry is a community located in Scugog Township in Durham Regional Municipality, Ontario, Canada. The town is located northeast of Toronto and just north of Oshawa, due to its location in the Greater Toronto Area, many residents will commute to Toronto for work on a daily basis. Port Perry has a population of 8,891 as of 2011, Port Perry serves as the administrative and commercial centre for the Township of Scugog. The town is home to a 24-bed hospital, Scugog Townships municipal offices, Port Perry serves as a hub for many small communities in the Scugog area, such as Greenbank, Raglan, Caesarea, Blackstock and Nestleton/Nestleton Station. The Great Blue Heron Charitable Casino is a major employer, located at the basin of the Trent-Severn Waterways is Lake Scugog, one of Ontarios largest man-made lakes. The area around Port Perry was first surveyed as part of Reach Township by Major S. Wilmot in 1809, the first settler in the area was Reuben Crandell, a United Empire Loyalist who built a homestead with his wife in May 1821. Their original home is still in use and can be seen on King Street between Prince Albert and Manchester, in November 1821, Lucy Ann Crandell became the first child of European descent born in the area. In 1831, Crandell and his moved to a homestead at what became Crandells Corners. It had its own Post Office, near the junction of Queen Street. Settler Peter Perry laid out lots on the shore of Lake Scugog in 1848 on the site of a former native village known as Scugog Village. The townsite was named Port Perry in 1852 and its first Postmaster was Joseph Bigelow and it was incorporated as a village in 1871. At the time there was a rivalry between Port Perry and two nearby towns, Prince Albert and Manchester. Expecting great things for his town, Peter Perry predicted that goats would eat grass off of Prince Alberts main street, at the time, Prince Albert sat astride a planked toll road running south to Whitby. Grain and lumber from areas throughout the area south-east of Lake Simcoe fed through Prince Albert, Perry and others in Port Perry felt a railway was a much better option, and Perrys prediction would eventually come true. A group of businessmen started the process of bringing the railway to the town in 1867. Businesses quickly moved out of Prince Albert and moved to Port Perry, the Port Perry Granary still stands as a tall sentinel on the shores of Lake Scugog and proud of being Canadas oldest grain elevator outlasting numerous fires and modern day demolition. The village was amalgamated with Cartwright, Reach and Scugog Townships to form the Township of Scugog in 1974 upon the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham, an Ontario Historical Plaque was erected at the Scugog Shores Museum by the province to commemorate Amber Currys role in Ontarios heritage. Port Perry is known as a tourist destination in the area for its picturesque, Victorian-era downtown, with clothing stores, restaurants, cafés, bookstores, galleries
29.
Sandbanks Provincial Park
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Sandbanks Provincial Park is a provincial park located on Lake Ontario in Prince Edward County near Picton, Ontario, Canada. It is noted for its sand dunes and beaches. It also has the worlds largest fresh water sand bar and dune system, Sandbanks is run by the government of Ontario, with areas for different types of recreation. Some parts of the beach had been bought or settled before the designation of the area as a provincial park, naturists have used the beaches for nude bathing for many years. Sandbanks Provincial Park and surrounding beaches are visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists each year, the majority of the tourists come from Ottawa, Toronto, Kingston, New York State, Quebec, and other regions of Southern Ontario. County Road 12 in Prince Edward County, stretching from The Outlet, Ontario to Bloomfield, Ontario, the Sandbanks area of the road was somewhat considerable pasture for cattle. By the mid-1850s, the area was changing dramatically, farmers cut down 200+ year-old trees to clear the land. They built buildings and roads, and in an effort to free up the land to grow crops, the removal of the dunes natural vegetation meant that there was no longer plants to keep the dunes/sand from shifting across the landscape, burying everything in its path. By the 1880s, considerable roadwork was necessary, in fact, the West Lake road had to be moved three times in a period of 50 years, as the sand kept on burying it. In 1911 they tried to plant White Willow to stop the sand, currently, the shifting sand is under control. Sandbanks stands in for Sable Island in the 2002 made-for-television film Touching Wild Horses and it also appears in the films Fly Away Home and Resident Evil, Afterlife. This is also where the video for the 1985 song Wave Babies by Honeymoon Suite was filmed. Official website Friends of Sandbanks Provincial Park
30.
Tom Yawkey
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Thomas Austin Yawkey, born Thomas Yawkey Austin, was an American industrialist and Major League Baseball executive. Born in Detroit, Yawkey became president of the Boston Red Sox in 1933 and he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980. Yawkey was born Thomas Austin in Detroit on February 21,1903 and he was the grandson of lumber and iron magnate William Clyman Yawkey, who agreed in principle to buy the Detroit Tigers in 1903 but died before the deal closed. The deal eventually was completed by Toms uncle, Bill Yawkey, after his father died, Toms uncle adopted him and he took the Yawkey name. Bill Yawkey died in 1919 and left his $40 million estate to his adopted son, Tom Yawkey was a graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University in 1925 and was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. Yawkey hired Collins as general manager with instructions to buy up as much talent as possible to turn the team around and he also heavily renovated Fenway Park, which had fallen into disrepair over the years. He would never achieve his goal of winning a world championship. Yawkey has been accused of being a racist for his apparent reluctance to employ black players with the Red Sox. The Red Sox had multiple players in their farm system during the 1950s. During this period, the Red Sox went from perennial contender to failing to finish within ten games of first place for 17 years, as owner of the Boston Red Sox, the teams policy on integration ultimately was Yawkeys responsibility. Robinson would later call Yawkey one of the most bigoted guys in baseball, another controversy involved longtime clubhouse attendant Donald Fitzpatrick. Fitzpatrick was accused of abuse of minors between 1971 and 1991 while working in the Red Sox spring training clubhouse in Winter Haven. The abuse was reported to the team by victims and players who witnessed it, Yawkey, and later his wife Jean after Toms death, protected Fitzpatrick from the allegations, according to two sources with knowledge of their relationship. In 2002, Fitzpatrick pled guilty after being charged with four counts of attempted sexual battery for actions between 1975 and 1989, Yawkey died from leukemia in Boston on July 9,1976. His wife, Jean R. Yawkey, became president of the following his death. In 1977, the section of Jersey Street where Fenway Park is located was renamed Yawkey Way in his honor. After Tom Yawkey posthumously established the Yawkey Foundation in 1976 as a bequest in his will and it consists of North and South Islands and a majority of Cat Island. Yawkey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980, Yawkey married Elise Sparrow in 1925, with the couple adopting in 1936 a daughter named Julia
31.
Georgetown, South Carolina
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Georgetown is the third oldest city in the U. S. state of South Carolina and the county seat of Georgetown County, in the Lowcountry. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 9,163, Georgetown is located at 33°22′3″N 79°17′38″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.5 square miles, of which 6.9 square miles are land and 0.62 square miles. Winyah Bay was formed from a submergent or drowned coastline, the original rivers had a lower baseline, but either the ocean rose or the land sank, flooding the river valleys and making a good location for a harbor. The rising of the ocean may have due to melting of glacial ice at the end of the ice age. Routes 17, 17A,521, and 701 meet in the center of Georgetown, as of the census of 2010, there were 9,163 people in Georgetown, an increase of 2.4 percent over the 2000 population of 8,950. In 2000, there were 3,411 households, and 2,305 families residing in the city, the population density was 1,368.1 people per square mile. There were 3,856 housing units at a density of 589.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 57. 03% African American,40. 99% White,0. 12% Native American,0. 31% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 84% from other races, and 0. 66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 88% of the population,28. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.14. In the city, the population was out with 28. 6% under the age of 18,8. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 2% from 25 to 44,21. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,424, and the median income for a family was $34,747. Males had an income of $27,545 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,568, about 19. 9% of families and 24. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34. 9% of those under age 18 and 16. 9% of those age 65 or over. Georgetown occupies a place in American history. Some historians claim that American history began in the town in 1526 with the earliest settlement in North America by Europeans with African slaves
32.
Jumanji
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Jumanji is a 1995 American adventure film directed by Joe Johnston. It is an adaptation of the 1981 childrens book of the name by Chris Van Allsburg. The film was written by Greg Taylor, Jonathan Hensleigh, and Jim Strain, and stars Robin Williams, Bonnie Hunt, Kirsten Dunst, Bradley Pierce, David Alan Grier, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. The special effects were provided by Industrial Light & Magic for computer graphic elements, the film was dedicated to visual effects supervisor Stephen L. Price, who died before the films release. The story centers on young Alan Parrish, who trapped in a board game while playing with his best friend Sarah Whittle in 1969. Twenty-six years later in 1995, siblings Judy and Peter Shepherd find the game, begin playing, after tracking down Sarah, the quartet resolve to finish the game in order to reverse all of the destruction it has caused. The film was shot in Keene, New Hampshire, representing the fictional town of Brantford. Additional filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, the film was released on December 15,1995. Despite its lukewarm reception, it was a box office success, earning $262,797,249 worldwide on a budget of approximately $65 million. In 2005 a similar film marketed as a sequel to Jumanji. A sequel, Jumanji, Welcome to the Jungle, will be released on December 20,2017, in 1869, near Brantford, New Hampshire, two boys bury a chest, hoping that no one will ever find it. In 1969, Alan Parrish escapes a group of bullies and retreats to a company owned by his father. He meets Carl Bentley, an employee, who reveals a new shoe prototype he made by himself, Alan misplaces the shoe and damages a machine, but Carl takes responsibility and loses his job. After being attacked by the bullies, who steal his bicycle. He finds the chest containing a board game called Jumanji, at home, after an argument with Samuel about attending a boarding school, Alan plans to run away. Sarah Whittle, his friend, arrives to return his bicycle, with each roll of the dice, the player piece moves by itself and a cryptic message describing the rolls outcome appears in the crystal ball at the center of the board. Sarah rolls the dice but nothing happens, Alan rolls the dice, a message tells him to wait in a jungle until someone rolls five or eight, and he is sucked into the game. Afterwards, a swarm of bats appears and chases Sarah out of the mansion, in 1995, Judy and Peter Shepherd move into the vacant Parrish house with their aunt Nora, their parents having died in an accident on a ski trip in Canada
33.
French language
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French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages, French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues doïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to Frances past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, a French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is a language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie. As of 2015, 40% of the population is in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas. French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, 1/5 of Europeans who do not have French as a mother tongue speak French as a second language. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. In 2015, French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers, approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050, in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese. Under the Constitution of France, French has been the language of the Republic since 1992. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called Romandie, of which Geneva is the largest city. French is the language of about 23% of the Swiss population. French is also a language of Luxembourg, Monaco, and Aosta Valley, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. A plurality of the worlds French-speaking population lives in Africa and this number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050, French is the fastest growing language on the continent. French is mostly a language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages, sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth
34.
The Squid and the Whale
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The Squid and the Whale is a 2005 American arthouse comedy-drama film written and directed by Noah Baumbach and produced by Wes Anderson. It tells the story of two boys in Brooklyn dealing with their parents divorce in 1986. The film is named after the giant squid and sperm whale diorama housed at the American Museum of Natural History, the film was shot on Super 16mm, mostly using a handheld camera. At the 2005 Sundance Film Festival, the film won awards for best dramatic direction and screenwriting, Baumbach later received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. The film received six Independent Spirit Award nominations and three Golden Globe nominations, the New York Film Critics Circle, Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the National Board of Review voted its screenplay the years best. Bernard Berkman is an arrogant, once-promising novelist whose career has gone into a decline as he spends more time teaching. His unfaithful wife, Joan, has begun publishing her own work to widespread acclaim. As the parents set up a schedule for spending time with their children, Walt and they do, however, as Joan begins dating Ivan, Franks tennis instructor, and Bernard starts sharing his new house with Lili, one of his students. Meanwhile, the two boys begin taking sides in the battle between their parents, with Frank siding with his mother and Walt lashing out at her. Along with the trouble both boys exhibit verbally with their parents, they also show internal struggles and very different ways of handling the stress of their parents divorce. Walts most obvious cry for help is when he performs and claims to have written Hey You by Pink Floyd at his schools talent show, after Walt wins first place and receives praise from his family and friends, his school realizes that he did not write the song. At this point, the school calls Bernard and Joan in to discuss Walt and they all decide that Walt should see the school psychologist. Meanwhile, Frank exhibits his own internal turmoil by repeatedly masturbating at school and he also begins to drink beer and speak in a way that emulates Ivans mannerisms. During the meeting with the psychologist, Walt finally starts to see things more objectively, the psychologist asks Walt about his childhood memories and it becomes clear to Walt that his father was never really present, and that his mother was the one whom he remembers caring for him. After a heated argument between Bernard and Joan over custody, Bernard collapses on the street outside their home and is taken to the hospital, Bernard asks for Walt to stay by his side, but Walt instead runs to visit the squid and whale. The film concludes with him pondering the exhibit, jeff Daniels as Bernard Berkman, a selfish, arrogant, and jealous writer. Laura Linney as Joan Berkman, Bernards unfaithful ex-wife, the Squid and the Whale was met with widespread acclaim from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 93% Certified Fresh rating, based on 141 reviews, the sites critical consensus reads, This is a piercingly honest, acidly witty look at divorce and its impact on a family
