1.
Film poster
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A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film. Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and they normally contain an image with text. Todays posters often feature photographs of the main actors, prior to the 1990s, illustrations instead of photos were far more common. The text on film posters usually contains the title in large lettering. It may also include a tagline, the name of the director, names of characters, film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters, and elsewhere on the street or in shops. The same images appear in the film exhibitors pressbook and may also be used on websites, DVD packaging, flyers, advertisements in newspapers and magazines, film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film. They began as outside placards listing the programme of films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater, by the early 1900s, they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes. Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film, as an economy measure, the NSS regularly recycled posters that were returned, sending them back out to be used again at another theater. During this time, a film could stay in circulation for several years and those posters which were not returned were often thrown away by the theater owner, but some found their way into the hands of collectors. Today there is a thriving market in film posters, some have become very valuable. The record price for a poster was set on November 15,2005 when $690,000 was paid for a poster of Fritz Langs 1927 film Metropolis from the Reel Poster Gallery in London. The 1931 Frankenstein six-sheet poster, of only one copy is known to exist, is considered to be the most valuable film poster in the world. Over the years, old Bollywood posters, especially with hand-painted art, have become collectors items, occasionally, rare film posters have been found being used as insulation in attics and walls. In 2011,33 film posters, including a Dracula Style F one-sheet, from 1930-1931 were discovered in an attic in Berwick, Pennsylvania, as a result of market demand, some of the more popular older film posters have been reproduced either under license or illegally. Although the artwork on reproductions is the same as originals, reproductions can often be distinguished by size, printing quality, several websites on the Internet offer authentication tests to distinguish originals from reproductions. Original film posters distributed to theaters and other venues by the movie studios are never sold directly to the public. However, most modern posters are produced in quantities and often become available for purchase by collectors indirectly through various secondary markets such as eBay. Accordingly, most modern posters are not as valuable, however some recent posters, such as the recalled Pulp Fiction Lucky Strike U. S. one sheet poster, are quite rare
2.
Anna Paquin
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Anna Helene Paquin is a Canadian-born New Zealand actress. As a child, she beat 5000 candidates for the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campions romantic drama film The Piano, despite having had little to no acting experience prior to getting the role. For her performance, she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11 and she played mutant superheroine Rogue in multiple films of the X-Men franchise and was nominated for a Saturn Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in the first installment. Paquin is also known for playing the role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood. Paquin has been married since 2010 to actor Stephen Moyer, with whom she has two children, Paquin has two older siblings, Andrew, a director, and Katya, whose partner is the Green Party of New Zealands former co-leader Russel Norman. Paquin is of Dutch, French and Irish descent, Paquins family moved to New Zealand when she was four. She attended the Raphael House Rudolf Steiner School until she was eight or nine and her musical childhood hobbies in New Zealand included playing the viola, cello and piano. She also participated in gymnastics, ballet, swimming and downhill skiing, while in New Zealand, Paquin attended Hutt Intermediate School. She graduated from Windward School in June 2000 and completed the schools Community Service requirement by working in a soup kitchen and she studied at Columbia University for one year but has since been on a leave of absence to continue her acting career. Director Jane Campion was looking for a girl to play a main role in The Piano, set to film in New Zealand. Paquins sister read the ad and went to try out with a friend, when The Piano was released in 1993 it was lauded by critics, won prizes at a number of film festivals, and eventually became a popular film among a wide audience. Paquins debut performance in the film earned her the 1993 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest Oscar winner in history, behind Tatum ONeal. The Piano was made as a independent film and wasnt expected to be widely known. However, she was invited to the William Morris Agency, and she systematically refused them, but she did appear in three commercials for the phone company MCI in 1994. She later made a series of commercials for Manitoba Telecom Systems in her birth city of Winnipeg. She also appeared as a voice in a book entitled The Magnificent Nose in 1994. In 1996, she appeared in two films, the first role was as young Jane in Jane Eyre. The other was a part in Fly Away Home playing a young girl who, after her mother dies, moves in with her father
3.
Dana Delany
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Dana Welles Delany is an American film, stage, and television actress, producer, presenter, and health activist. Delany has been active in business since the late 1970s. She received further recognition for her performances in the films Light Sleeper, Tombstone, Exit to Eden, The Margaret Sanger Story, Fly Away Home, True Women, since the mid-1990s, Delany has served on the board of the Scleroderma Research Foundation. In the 2000s, Delany returned to television with a string of short-lived television series beginning with Pasadena, Presidio Med, from 2007 to 2010, Delany played Katherine Mayfair on the ABC series Desperate Housewives. In the 2010s, from 2011 to 2013, Delany played the role of Megan Hunt on the ABC drama series Body of Proof. In 2014, she began her role as Crystal Harris in the Amazon drama series Hand of God. Most recently, in 2015, she had a recurring guest role in the short-lived FX sitcom The Comedians as Julie, on July 23,2015, the series was cancelled after one season. Delany is also a voice actress and she played Lois Lane in the DC animated universe as well as in The Batman animated series. In an interview, she said she loves to play complicated characters, Delany was born in New York City, the daughter of Mary and Jack Delany. She is of Irish and English descent and was raised Roman Catholic and she has stated that, even as a child, she always wanted to go into acting. The reason a person first gets into acting is because you want attention from parents as a child. In her childhood, she went with her family to many Broadway shows and was fascinated by films, andover was the best time of my life, she recalled. She played the role of Nellie Forbush in the schools spring musical production of South Pacific opposite Peter Kapetan as Emile. She appeared in a student video directed by classmate Jonathan Meath in a class taught by Steve Marx. She graduated in 1974 with the honor of cum laude which was awarded to 80 out of 378 graduating seniors. She majored in theater at Wesleyan University, worked in stock productions during vacations. Later, in an interview, she reported that she sometimes had eating issues during this time of her life, I was one step from anorexia – a piece of toast and an apple would be all I would eat in a day. After college, she found acting work in New York City in daytime soap operas, Delany moved to Hollywood and during the next few years found work guest starring in TV shows like Moonlighting and Magnum, P. I
4.
Canada goose
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The Canada goose is a large wild goose species with a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brown body. Native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, its migration occasionally reaches northern Europe and it has been introduced to the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. Like most geese, the Canada goose is primarily herbivorous and normally migratory, Canada geese are also among the most commonly hunted waterfowl in North America. The Canada goose was one of the species described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae. It belongs to the Branta genus of geese, which species with largely black plumage. Branta is a Latinised form of Old Norse Brandgás, burnt goose, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first citation for the Canada goose dates back to 1772. The Canada goose is colloquially referred to as the Canadian goose. The British Ornithologists Union followed suit in June 2005, the AOU has divided the many subspecies between the two species. This has been aggravated by the overlap between the types of Canada goose and larger types of cackling goose. The old lesser Canada goose was believed to be a hybrid population, with the birds named B. c. taverneri considered a mixture of B. c. minima, B. c. occidentalis. In addition, the barnacle goose has been determined to be a derivative of the cackling goose lineage, the black head and neck with a white chinstrap distinguish the Canada goose from all other goose species, with the exception of the cackling goose and barnacle goose. The seven subspecies of this vary widely in size and plumage details. Some of the races can be hard to distinguish from the cackling goose. However, most subspecies of the goose are considerably smaller. The smallest cackling goose, B. h. minima, is larger than a mallard. In addition to the difference, cackling geese also have a shorter neck and smaller bill. Canada geese range from 75 to 110 cm in length and have a 127–185 cm wingspan. Among standard measurements, the chord can range from 39 to 55 cm, the tarsus can range from 6.9 to 10.6 cm
5.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
6.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
7.
Ultralight aviation
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Ultralight aviation is the flying of lightweight,1 or 2 seat fixed-wing aircraft. Some countries differentiate between control and conventional 3-axis control aircraft with ailerons, elevator and rudder, calling the former microlight. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, mostly stimulated by the gliding movement. As a result, many aviation authorities set up definitions of lightweight, the resulting aeroplanes are commonly called ultralight aircraft or microlights, although the weight and speed limits differ from country to country. In Europe the sporting definition limits the maximum weight to 450 kg. The definition means that the aircraft has a landing speed. In most affluent countries, microlights or ultralight aircraft now account for a significant percentage of the global civilian-owned aircraft, for instance in Canada in October 2010, the ultralight aircraft fleet made up to 19% of the total civilian aircraft registered. In other countries that do not register ultralight aircraft, like the United States, in countries where there is no specific extra regulation, ultralights are considered regular aircraft and subject to certification requirements for both aircraft and pilot. In Australia, ultralight aircraft and their pilots can either be registered with the Hang Gliding Federation of Australia or Recreational Aviation Australia, in all cases, except for privately built single seat ultralight aeroplanes, microlight aircraft or trikes are regulated by the Civil Aviation Regulations. Other than the very earliest aircraft, all two-seat UK microlights have been required to meet airworthiness standard BCAR Section S, in 2007 SSDR, a sub-category of single seat aircraft was introduced, allowing owners more freedom for modification and experiments. In 2015 the SSDR rules changed, the definition of a single seat microlight was adjusted to effectively de-regulate all single seat microlights for airworthiness purposes. There is no requirement or annual inspection regime for SSDR microlights although pilots who fly them must have a normal microlight licence. In the UK the microlight licence is currently called NPPL, the United States FAAs definition of an ultralight is significantly different from that in most other countries and can lead to some confusion when discussing the topic. The governing regulation in the United States is FAR103 Ultralight Vehicles, in 2004 the FAA introduced the Light-sport aircraft category, which resembles some other countries microlight categories. Ultralight aviation is represented by the United States Ultralight Association, which acts as the US aeroclub representative to the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, there are several categories of aircraft which qualify as ultralights in some countries, Fixed-wing aircraft, traditional airplane-style designs. Weight-shift control trike, use a hang glider-style wing, below which is suspended a three-wheeled carriage which carries the engine and these aircraft are controlled by pushing against a horizontal control bar in roughly the same way as a hang glider pilot flies. Powered parachute, fuselage-mounted engines with parafoil wings, which are wheeled aircraft, powered paraglider, backpack engines with parafoil wings, which are foot-launched. Powered hang glider, motorized foot-launched hang glider harness, helicopter, there are a number of single-seat and two-place helicopters which fall under the microlight categories in countries such as New Zealand
8.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
9.
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station
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Niagara Falls International Airport Air Reserve Station is an Air Force Reserve Command military installation operationally-gained by the Air Mobility Command. It is located adjacent to Niagara Falls International Airport, New York,4.7 miles east-northeast of Niagara Falls, the station is the last federal USAF installation in the state, the other remaining USAF installations falling under the Air National Guard). A Military Entrance Processing Station for all five branches of the U. S. is also located at the station, both the 914 AW and 107 AW number in excess of 1,100 military personnel each. The Armys Air Service had begun operations in western New York by 1917 when a school for photofinishers opened in Rochester, Niagara Falls Airport opened at Niagara Falls, New York, in 1928 as a city-owned municipal airport with four crushed-stone runways. The Bell Modification Center at the Niagara Falls Airport was 1 of 21 built by Materiel Command in 1942 to fit the mass production models to the needs of the specific theaters of operations. Bell was contracted to operate the center, and the airfield leased by the USAAF was improved with macadam runways, taxiways, Military units at Niagara Falls included a Modification Center Headquarters and a training school, Niagara Falls East Tr Sch. In 1944, the Manhattan Engineer District used the military Niagara Falls Storage Site on the 1941 Lake Ontario Ordnance Works Site for radioactive residues and wastes from uranium ore processing, the Naval Air Station Niagara Falls was established in 1946 and the installation was expanded. Jurisdiction of the returned to a civilian agency later in 1946. The reconnaissance units were inactivated on 27 June 1949, and the New York Air National Guards 107th Fighter Group was federalized on 8 December 1948, 107th personnel deployed in March 1951 to the Far East Air Forces for the Korean War. Air Defense Command assumed jurisdiction of the Niagara Falls military installation, Niagara Falls Air Force Base was established by 1955 after the 76th Air Base Squadron was activated in February 1952 as the host unit. Following Korea operations, the 107th converted to F-51 Mustangs and was reassigned to Air Defense Command, the 136th FIS was returned to state control when ADC activated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 December 1952 as a replacement. The 47th FIS initially used the F-47s of the 135th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, NFAFB activated the 518th Air Defense Group on 16 February 1953 and upgraded to F-86F Sabres in February 1953. In January 1954, the 107th received its first jet aircraft, the Air Force Reserves 445th Fighter-Bomber Group with F-84 Thunderjets moved to Niagara Falls from Buffalo Airport on 15 June 1955 and moved to Memphis on 16 November 1957. Two 15th FG aircraft--T-33 & F-86 at Niagara Falls Air Force Base—collided in 1956, in 1959 a NFAFB helicopter crashed in Letchworth State Park searching for an 83-year-old professor emeritus, and in 1961 an F-100 from the base crashed into the Niagara Gorge. NFAFBs 4621st Air Base Group was the host unit and supported the adjacent 1961-9 Niagara Falls Air Force Missile Site with CIM-10 Bomarc surface-to-air missiles, on 1 July 1960 at NFAFB, the 15th Fighter Group was inactivated and the 47th FIS was reassigned. The 107th deployed to the Berlin Crisis of 1961 for 11 months, in 1969, the Niagara Support Center was planned to be closed, and the 4621st ABG was inactivated on 31 March 1970. In 1971 the 914th assumed command of the installation from active duty units, at the same time, the 107th converted to McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors. The 107th received F-4C Phantoms, then F-4Ds and in 1990, in October 1990, over 300 members of the 914th Airlift Group spent seven months in the United Arab Emirates for Operation Desert Shield, 107th members were also activated
10.
Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada
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The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada is a museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the second largest aviation museum in Canada, the collection is housed in an original Trans-Canada Air Lines hangar dating from the 1930s. The Western Canada Aviation Museum was incorporated in 1974 for the preservation and promotion of Canadas aviation history, the museum received the Royal designation on 19 December 2014 to become The Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada. A fully enclosed flight deck to watch the landings and takeoffs at Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport is one of the other attractions, Canadas first helicopter which was built by the Froebe brothers in Homewood, Manitoba. Avro CF-100 Canuck interceptor Avrocar - Replica of the secret Cold War flying saucer built by Avro Canada for the American military, beechcraft Expeditor - RCAF trainer and light transport Bellanca Aircruiser Eldorado Radium Silver Express - bushplane. Bristol Freighter - large twin engine cargo aircraft Canadair CL-84 - experimental VTOL aircraft, Canadian Vickers Vedette replica built from three wrecks of first aircraft designed for Canadian conditions. De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver - Canadian designed bushplane. de Havilland Tiger Moth RCAF BCATP biplane trainer, Fairchild Super 71 all metal bushplane. Fokker Super Universal bushplane Junkers Ju 52/1M modified as CF-ARM flown by Canadian Airways Ltd, known as the Flying Boxcar, this was the largest single-engine aircraft operated in North America. Lockheed Model 10 Electra - twin engine 1930s airliner McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo interceptor with training simulator, North American NA-64 Yale RCAF radio trainer. Vickers Viscount - airliner which operated from the hangar that now houses the Museum, in 2012, an exhibit displaying Canadas role in coastal patrol was opened. One item in the archives is a rare, five-minute film of Amelia Earhart embarking on her solo, trans-Atlantic flight from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, the library is open to the public on an appointment basis and photos, films, and audiotapes are loaned or copied on request. The Museum has an active Restoration Department and has returned many bent, a team of volunteers completed a full-scale replica of a Canadian Vickers Vedette Mark V aircraft in May 2002. Current projects include the restoration of a Bellanca Aircruiser, Fairchild Super 71, Waco, the Museum has facilitated the recovery of several aircraft, including the Ghost of Charron Lake - a Fokker Standard Universal that has taken more than 30 years to locate. It is currently in a recovery and retrieval phase, after which it will begin its restoration, the Museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the Virtual Museum of Canada. Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame List of aerospace museums List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix Official website
11.
History of hang gliding
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Hang gliding is an air sport employing a foot-launchable aircraft known as a hang glider. Typically, a glider is constructed of an aluminium alloy or composite-framed fabric wing. The pilot is ensconced in a suspended from the airframe. Early hang glider designs did not reliably achieve safe flight, their builders lacking an understanding of the underlying principles of flight. The first recorded controlled flights were by German engineer Otto Lilienthal, whose research, published in 1889, the type of aircraft employed by Lilienthal is now referred to as a hang glider. Further hang glider research was undertaken during the 1920s in Europe, Australia and the US, where designers tested several wing concepts, the earliest forms of gliding had existed in China. By the end of the sixth century A. D. the Chinese had managed to build kites large and it was only a matter of time before someone decided to simply remove the kite strings and see what happened. Through the 1880s several aviation pioneers emerged in different countries around the world all perusing glider designs with varying degrees of success, Otto Lilienthal duplicated some of his contemporaries work and greatly expanded on it from 1874, publishing all of his research in 1889. He also produced a series of gliders, and in 1891 was able to make flights of 25 metres or more routinely and he rigorously documented his work, influencing later designers, for this reason he is one of the best known and most influential of the early aviation pioneers. His type of aircraft is now known as a hang glider, by 1896 he had made about 2000 flights of 250 metres with a number of his designs when he crashed from a height of about 15 metres, fracturing his spine. Percy Pilcher took a growing interest in aviation and built a glider called The Bat which he flew for the first time in 1895. Later that year Pilcher met and consulted with Otto Lilienthal, who was the expert in gliding. Based on the work of his mentor Otto Lilienthal, in 1897 Pilcher built a hang glider called The Hawk with which he broke the world distance record when he flew 250 metres. The hang glider lost some importance from the introduction of wing warping in 1902 by the Wright brothers and these activities on Wasserkuppe promoted a renaissance of gliding aviation. Many of these gliders flown in 1920 were hang gliders in that they were controlled by the pilots weight shift alone, the first Wasserkuppe glider competition was held in 1920, and from 1924 they were organised by Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft. Over the next decade, the contest grew in popularity, as many as 60,000 spectators dotted the mountain slopes to watch these events. Virtually every European aeronautical engineer of the tested and modified their aircraft there. In 1904 Jan Lavezzari demonstrated a stiffened flexible-wing hang glider in flight at Berck-sur-Mer, in 1908, a glider with a triangular control frame and the pilot tethered behind it, was demonstrated in the territory of Breslau
12.
Georgetown, South Carolina
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Georgetown is the third oldest city in the U. S. state of South Carolina and the county seat of Georgetown County, in the Lowcountry. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 9,163, Georgetown is located at 33°22′3″N 79°17′38″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.5 square miles, of which 6.9 square miles are land and 0.62 square miles. Winyah Bay was formed from a submergent or drowned coastline, the original rivers had a lower baseline, but either the ocean rose or the land sank, flooding the river valleys and making a good location for a harbor. The rising of the ocean may have due to melting of glacial ice at the end of the ice age. Routes 17, 17A,521, and 701 meet in the center of Georgetown, as of the census of 2010, there were 9,163 people in Georgetown, an increase of 2.4 percent over the 2000 population of 8,950. In 2000, there were 3,411 households, and 2,305 families residing in the city, the population density was 1,368.1 people per square mile. There were 3,856 housing units at a density of 589.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 57. 03% African American,40. 99% White,0. 12% Native American,0. 31% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 84% from other races, and 0. 66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 88% of the population,28. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.14. In the city, the population was out with 28. 6% under the age of 18,8. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 2% from 25 to 44,21. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,424, and the median income for a family was $34,747. Males had an income of $27,545 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,568, about 19. 9% of families and 24. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34. 9% of those under age 18 and 16. 9% of those age 65 or over. Georgetown occupies a place in American history. Some historians claim that American history began in the town in 1526 with the earliest settlement in North America by Europeans with African slaves
