Football boots, called cleats or soccer shoes in North American English, are a type of shoe worn when playing association football (soccer). Those designed for grass pitches have studs on the outsole to aid grip. From simple and humble beginnings football boots have come a long way and today find themselves subject to much research, development, sponsorship and marketing at the heart of a multi-national global industry. Modern "boots" are no longer truly boots in that they do not cover the ankle - like most other types of athletic footwear, their basic design and appearance has converged with that of sneakers since the 1960s.
Gath & Chaves advertisement promoting "foot-ball" products, including boots by British manufacturer Mc Gregor at m$n10, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1910
A pair of Adidas Etrusco boots, with metal studs
A pair of Nike Zoom Air football boots, for use on artificial grass or sand.
Footballer Zlatan Ibrahimović wearing Adidas red boots
Cleats or studs are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or on an external attachment to a shoe that provide additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber or metal. The type worn depends on the environment of play: grass, ice, artificial turf, or other grounds.
Football boots have studs on their soles
"Etrusco Unico" boot model by Adidas (1990) with metal cleat on its sole
Metal baseball cleats produced by Under Armour
The bottom of a cycling shoe.