1.
Theatre
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The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence, the specific place of the performance is also named by the word theatre as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον, itself from θεάομαι. Modern theatre, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musical theatre, there are connections between theatre and the art forms of ballet, opera and various other forms. The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated, participation in the city-states many festivals—and mandatory attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member in particular—was an important part of citizenship. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism and theatre architecture, Actors were either amateur or at best semi-professional. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play, the origins of theatre in ancient Greece, according to Aristotle, the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. The performances were given in semi-circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10, the stage consisted of a dancing floor, dressing room and scene-building area. Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics, the actors wore masks appropriate to the characters they represented, and each might play several parts. Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the culture of the city-state. Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, no tragedies from the 6th century BCE and only 32 of the more than a thousand that were performed in during the 5th century BCE have survived. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the origins of tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE it was institution alised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysus. As contestants in the City Dionysias competition playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays, the performance of tragedies at the City Dionysia may have begun as early as 534 BCE, official records begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. More than 130 years later, the philosopher Aristotle analysed 5th-century Athenian tragedy in the oldest surviving work of dramatic theory—his Poetics, Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. New Comedy is known primarily from the papyrus fragments of Menander. Aristotle defined comedy as a representation of people that involves some kind of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. In addition to the categories of comedy and tragedy at the City Dionysia, finding its origins in rural, agricultural rituals dedicated to Dionysus, the satyr play eventually found its way to Athens in its most well-known form. Satyrs themselves were tied to the god Dionysus as his loyal companions, often engaging in drunken revelry
2.
University of Cambridge
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The University of Cambridge is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England, often regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Founded in 1209 and given royal status by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople, the two ancient universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as Oxbridge. Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent colleges, Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the worlds oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridges libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library. In the year ended 31 July 2015, the university had an income of £1.64 billion. The central university and colleges have an endowment of around £5.89 billion. The university is linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster known as Silicon Fen. It is a member of associations and forms part of the golden triangle of leading English universities and Cambridge University Health Partners. As of 2017, Cambridge is ranked the fourth best university by three ranking tables and no other institution in the world ranks in the top 10 for as many subjects. Cambridge is consistently ranked as the top university in the United Kingdom, the university has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors, and foreign Heads of State. Ninety-five Nobel laureates, fifteen British prime ministers and ten Fields medalists have been affiliated with Cambridge as students, faculty, by the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to such as Paris, Reading. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university. A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach everywhere in Christendom, the colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself, the colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels, the hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indicators of their time, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane. Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridges first college, the most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s
3.
Cambridge
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Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam about 50 miles north of London. At the United Kingdom Census 2011, its population was 123,867, there is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in the Bronze Age and in Roman Britain, under Viking rule, Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951, the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209, is one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the Cavendish Laboratory, Kings College Chapel, the citys skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the spire of the Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church, the chimney of Addenbrookes Hospital and St Johns College Chapel tower. Anglia Ruskin University, evolved from the Cambridge School of Art, Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology Silicon Fen with industries such as software and bioscience and many start-up companies spun out of the university. More than 40% of the workforce has a higher education qualification, the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, one of the largest biomedical research clusters in the world, is soon to be home to AstraZeneca, a hotel and the relocated Papworth Hospital. Parkers Piece hosted the first ever game of Association football, the Strawberry Fair music and arts festival and Midsummer Fairs are held on Midsummer Common, and the annual Cambridge Beer Festival takes place on Jesus Green. The city is adjacent to the M11 and A14 roads, settlements have existed around the Cambridge area since prehistoric times. The earliest clear evidence of occupation is the remains of a 3, the principal Roman site is a small fort Duroliponte on Castle Hill, just northwest of the city centre around the location of the earlier British village. The fort was bounded on two sides by the lines formed by the present Mount Pleasant, continuing across Huntingdon Road into Clare Street, the eastern side followed Magrath Avenue, with the southern side running near to Chesterton Lane and Kettles Yard before turning northwest at Honey Hill. It was constructed around AD70 and converted to use around 50 years later. Evidence of more widespread Roman settlement has been discovered including numerous farmsteads, evidence exists that the invading Anglo-Saxons had begun occupying the area by the end of the century. Their settlement—also on and around Castle Hill—became known as Grantebrycge, Anglo-Saxon grave goods have been found in the area. During this period, Cambridge benefited from good trade links across the hard-to-travel fenlands, by the 7th century, the town was less significant and described by Bede as a little ruined city containing the burial site of Etheldreda. Cambridge was on the border between the East and Middle Anglian kingdoms and the settlement slowly expanded on both sides of the river, the arrival of the Vikings was recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 875. Viking rule, the Danelaw, had been imposed by 878 Their vigorous trading habits caused the town to grow rapidly. During this period the centre of the town shifted from Castle Hill on the bank of the river to the area now known as the Quayside on the right bank. In 1068, two years after his conquest of England, William of Normandy built a castle on Castle Hill, like the rest of the newly conquered kingdom, Cambridge fell under the control of the King and his deputies
4.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
5.
Trinity College, Cambridge
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Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates,300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, by combined student numbers, it is second to Homerton College, Cambridge. Members of Trinity have won 32 Nobel Prizes out of the 91 won by members of Cambridge University, five Fields Medals in mathematics were won by members of the college and one Abel Prize was won. Other royal family members have studied there without obtaining degrees, including King Edward VII, King George VI, along with Christs, Jesus, Kings and St Johns colleges, it has also provided several of the well known members of the Apostles, an intellectual secret society. In 1848, Trinity hosted the meeting at which Cambridge undergraduates representing private schools such as Westminster drew up the first formal rules of football, Trinitys sister college in Oxford is Christ Church. Like that college, Trinity has been linked with Westminster School since the schools re-foundation in 1560, the college was founded by Henry VIII in 1546, from the merger of two existing colleges, Michaelhouse, and Kings Hall. At the time, Henry had been seizing church lands from abbeys, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, being both religious institutions and quite rich, expected to be next in line. The King duly passed an Act of Parliament that allowed him to any college he wished. The universities used their contacts to plead with his sixth wife, the Queen persuaded her husband not to close them down, but to create a new college. The king did not want to use royal funds, so he combined two colleges and seven hostels to form Trinity. Contrary to popular belief, the lands granted by Henry VIII were not on their own sufficient to ensure Trinitys eventual rise. In its infancy Trinity had owed a great deal to its college of St Johns. Its first four Masters were educated at St Johns, and it took until around 1575 for the two colleges application numbers to draw even, a position in which they have remained since the Civil War. Bentley himself was notorious for the construction of a hugely expensive staircase in the Masters Lodge, most of the Trinitys major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. Thomas Nevile, who became Master of Trinity in 1593, rebuilt and this work included the enlargement and completion of Great Court, and the construction of Neviles Court between Great Court and the river Cam. Neviles Court was completed in the late 17th century when the Wren Library, in the 20th century, Trinity College, St Johns College and Kings College were for decades the main recruiting grounds for the Cambridge Apostles, an elite, intellectual secret society. In 2011, the John Templeton Foundation awarded Trinity Colleges Master, Trinity is the richest Oxbridge college, with a landholding alone worth £800 million. Trinity is sometimes suggested to be the second, third or fourth wealthiest landowner in the UK – after the Crown Estate, the National Trust, in 2005, Trinitys annual rental income from its properties was reported to be in excess of £20 million
6.
The Cambridge Union
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The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as The Cambridge Union, is a debating and free speech society in Cambridge, England, and the largest society at the University of Cambridge. It is the oldest continuously running debating society in the world, additionally, the Cambridge Union has served as a model for the foundation of similar societies at several other prominent universities, including the Oxford Union and the Yale Political Union. The Union is a society with membership open to all students of Cambridge University or Anglia Ruskin University. The Union became a charity in May 2010. The Cambridge Union was founded on 13 February 1815, several years after it was founded, on 24 March 1817, the Union was temporarily shut down by the University. In 1821 the Union was allowed to reform, under strict guidelines, the Unions Bridge Street premises were designed by Alfred Waterhouse and formally opened on 30 October 1866. An additional wing was added several decades later, the future radical Liberal politician, Sir Charles Dilke, was the President chiefly responsible for construction. Included among the many rooms are the debating chamber, a dining room, bar, snooker room. Although Cambridge escaped virtually undamaged from the widespread bombing destruction of World War II, the explosion caused extensive damage to the Unions library. The Union is legally a charity that owns and has full control over its private property. It enjoys strong relations with the university, and allows other student societies to hire rooms for a nominal cost, guests are sometimes admitted to Union events for a charge. After more than 200 years, The Cambridge Union is best known for its debates, the top members of its debating team compete internationally against other top debating societies. The Union also organises talks by visiting speakers and an array of events throughout the academic year. Although The Cambridge Union has never functioned as a union in the modern sense. In 2015 the Union celebrated its bicentenary, a composed of former. This included special debates, dinners and parties in Cambridge and, for the first time in its history, in January 2015 the Union announced a £9. The development is to be financed through the leasing of disused parts of its site to Trinity College in a deal worth £4.5 million. A fundraising campaign to cover the remaining cost is to be launched on March 11th with a debate between Jon Snow and Nick Robinson
7.
Edinburgh Festival Fringe
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The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the worlds largest arts festival, which in 2016, spanned 25 days and featured 50,266 performances of 3,269 shows in 294 venues. Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival, it takes place annually in Edinburgh, Scotlands capital and it is an open access performing arts festival, meaning there is no selection committee, and anyone may participate, with any type of performance. The Fringe has often showcased experimental, challenging or controversial works that might not be invited to a more conservative arts festival, the Fringe board of directors is drawn from members of the Festival Fringe Society, who are often Fringe participants themselves – performers or administrators. Elections are held once a year, in August, and Board members serve a term of four years, the Board appoints the Fringe Chief Executive, who is currently Shona McCarthy and assumed the role in March 2016. The Chief Executive operates under the chair, currently Professor Sir Timothy OShea, the Fringe started life when eight theatre companies turned up uninvited to the inaugural Edinburgh International Festival in 1947. With the official festival using the major venues, these companies took over smaller. Seven performed in Edinburgh, and one undertook a version of the morality play Everyman in Dunfermline Abbey, about 20 miles north. These groups aimed to take advantage of the large assembled theatre crowds to showcase their own alternative theatre, although at the time it was not recognised as such, this was the first Edinburgh Festival Fringe. This meant that two defining features of the future Fringe were established at the very beginning – the lack of invitations to perform. I am afraid some of us are not going to be at home during the evenings. The word fringe had in fact used in a review of Everyman in 1947. Late night revues, which would become a feature of Fringes, the first one was the New Drama Groups After The Show, a series of sketches taking place after Donald Pleasences Ebb Tide, in 1952. Among the talent to appear in early Fringe revues were Ned Sherrin in 1955, due to many reviewers only being able to attend Fringe events late night after the official festival was finished, the Fringe came to be seen as being about revues. It was a few years before an official programme for the Fringe was created. John Menzies compiled a list of shows under the title Other Events in their omnibus festival brochure and this was funded by participating companies and was entitled Additional Entertainments, since the name Fringe was still not yet in regular usage. It also used a strange cover motif, a first attempt was made to provide a central booking service in 1955 by students from the university, although it lost money, which was blamed on those who had not taken part. Formal organisation progressed in 1959, with the formation of the Festival Fringe Society, the push for such an organisation was led by Michael Imison, director of Oxford Theatre Group. A constitution was drawn up, in which the policy of not vetting or censoring shows was set out, nineteen companies participated in the Fringe in that year
8.
Beyond the Fringe
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Beyond the Fringe was a British comedy stage revue written and performed by Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Alan Bennett, and Jonathan Miller. It played in Londons West End and then in America, both on tour and on New Yorks Broadway in the early 1960s, hugely successful, it is widely regarded as seminal to the rise of satirical comedy in 1960s Britain. John Bassett, a graduate of Wadham College, Oxford, who was Ponsonbys assistant, recommended Dudley Moore, his jazz bandmate, Moore in turn recommended Alan Bennett, who had had a hit at Edinburgh a few years before. Bassett also chose Jonathan Miller, who had been a Footlights star in 1957, Bennett and Miller were already pursuing careers in academia and medicine respectively, but Cook had an agent, having written a West End revue for Kenneth Williams. Cooks agent negotiated a higher fee for him, but by the time the agents fee was deducted Cook actually earned less than the others from the initial run. The majority of the sketches were by Cook and were based on material written for other revues. Among the entirely new material were The End of the World, TVPM, Cook and Moore revived some of the sketches on their later television and stage shows, most famously the two-hander One Leg Too Few. In 1962 the show transferred to the John Golden Theatre in New York, president John F. Kennedy attended a performance on 10 February 1963. The show continued in New York, with most of the original cast, until 1964, the revue was widely considered to be ahead of its time, both in its unapologetic willingness to debunk figures of authority, and by virtue of its inherently surrealistic comedic vein. Macmillan — according to Cook — was not particularly fond of the slurred caricature, since Beyond the Fringe was not owned by the BBC, however, the quartet enjoyed relative carte blanche. The only protocol they were obliged to adhere to stipulated that their sketches be sent to the Lord Chamberlain for approval prior to performance. Most specifically, its lampooning of the British war effort in a sketch titled The Aftermyth of the War was scorned by some war veterans for its supposed insensitivity. One British visitor to the Broadway performance was said to have stood up and shouted rotters. many see Beyond the Fringe as the forerunner to British television programmes That Was the Week That Was, At Last the 1948 Show and Monty Pythons Flying Circus. As with the comedy revue, it was a series of satirical sketches and musical pieces using a minimal set. Although all of the cast contributed material, the most often quoted pieces were those by Cook, in 2006, Jonathan Miller recounted that the breach of decorum this represented was a source of embarrassment to both audience and performers. However, the show wasnt all that satirical, merely making fun of things — such as war films — though even this was a forward in comedy. Shakespearean drama was another target of their comedy, there were also a number of musical items in the show, using Dudley Moores music, most famously an arrangement of the Colonel Bogey March which resists Moores repeated attempts to bring it to an end. The show prefigured the Satire Boom of the 1960s, Cook and Moore formed a comedy team and appeared in the popular television show Not Only
9.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
10.
The Ed Sullivan Show
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The Ed Sullivan Show is an American TV variety show that ran on CBS from Sunday June 20,1948, to Sunday June 6,1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie, in 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked #15 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No.31 in TV Guide Magazines 60 Best Series of All Time, the format was essentially the same as vaudeville, and although vaudeville had died a generation earlier, Sullivan presented many ex-vaudevillians on his show. The last original Sullivan show telecast was on March 28,1971, with guests Melanie, Joanna Simon, Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass, repeats were scheduled through June 6,1971. While most of the episodes aired live from New York City, the show aired live on occasion from other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Australia. For many years, Ed Sullivan was an event each Sunday evening. In those days, we had six acts. Then, each of our acts would do a leisurely ten minutes or so, Now they do two or three minutes. And in those early days I talked too much, I look up at me talking away and I say You fool. But I just keep on talking, Ive learned how to keep my mouth shut. The show enjoyed phenomenal popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s and he was regarded as a kingmaker, and performers considered an appearance on his program as a guarantee of stardom, although this sometimes did not turn out to be the case. The shows iconic status is illustrated by the song Hymn for a Sunday Evening from the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie, in the song, a family of viewers expresses their regard for the program in worshipful tones. In September 1965, CBS started televising the program in compatible color, CBS had once backed its own color system, developed by Peter Goldmark, and resisted using RCAs compatible process until 1954. At that time, it built its first New York City color TV studio, Studio 72, in a former RKO movie theater at 2248 Broadway. One Ed Sullivan Show was broadcast on August 22,1954, from the new studio, CBS Studio 72 was demolished in 1986 and replaced by an apartment house. CBS Studio 50 was finally colorized in 1965, the 1965–66 season premiere starred the Beatles in an episode airing on September 12, which was the last episode to air in black and white. In the late 1960s, Sullivan remarked that his program was waning as the decade went on and he realized that to keep viewers, the best and brightest in entertainment had to be seen, or else the viewers were going to keep on changing the channel. Along with declining viewership, Ed Sullivan attracted a higher age for the average viewer as the seasons went on
11.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
12.
Germaine Greer
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Germaine Greer is an Australian-born writer, regarded as one of the major voices of the second-wave feminist movement in the latter half of the 20th century. She lives in the United Kingdom, where she has held academic positions, specializing in English literature, at the University of Warwick, Greers ideas have created controversy ever since her first book, The Female Eunuch, became an international best-seller and made her a household name. Her work since then has focused on literature, feminism and the environment, later books include Sex and Destiny, The Politics of Human Fertility, The Change, Women, Ageing and the Menopause, The Whole Woman, Shakespeares Wife and White Beech, The Rainforest Years. She owns and finances Stump Cross Books, which publishes the work of 17th-, Greer is a liberation rather than equality feminist. Her goal is not equality with men, which she sees as assimilation, Womens liberation, she wrote in The Whole Woman, did not see the females potential in terms of the males actual. She argues instead that liberation is about asserting difference and insisting on it as a condition of self-definition and self-determination and it is a struggle for the freedom of women to define their own values, order their own priorities and decide their own fate. Greer was born in Melbourne, the eldest of three children, to South Africa born Eric Reginald Greer and Margaret Mary Lafrank, peggy, a milliner, had married Reg in March 1937. He was an advertising representative, who served as a wartime RAAF officer. According to Greer, her mother had what was probably Aspergers Syndrome, Greer left home because of it when she was 18. She gave up the Catholic faith a year after leaving school, from 1956 she attended the University of Melbourne, graduating in 1959 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and French language and literature. After graduation Greer moved to Sydney, where she became involved with the Sydney Push and the anarchist Sydney Libertarians. Her first teaching post was at the University of Sydney, where she earned a first-class Master of Arts degree in poetry in 1963. The thesis won her a Commonwealth Scholarship, which she used to fund her doctorate, arriving in 1964 at Newnham College, Cambridge, a women-only college. Lisa Jardine, who was at Newnham at the time, recalled the first time she met Greer, at a formal dinner in college. As a hush descended, one continued to speak, too engrossed in her conversation to notice. The willingly suffered discomfort of the Sixties bra, she opined vigorously, was a symbol of male oppression. Greer joined the student acting company, the Cambridge Footlights in October 1964, on the day as Clive James. She was billed in 1965 as the first woman to be granted full membership and she received her Doctor of Philosophy in 1969 for a thesis entitled The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeares Early Comedies
13.
Clive James
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He has lived and worked in the United Kingdom since 1962. James was born Vivian Leopold James in Kogarah, a suburb of Sydney. He was allowed to change his name as a child because after Vivien Leigh played Scarlett OHara the name became irrevocably a girls name no matter how you spelled it and he chose Clive, the name of Tyrone Powers character in the 1942 film This Above All. Jamess father was taken prisoner by the Japanese during World War II, although he survived the prisoner of war camp, he died when the aeroplane returning him to Australia crashed in Manila Bay, he was buried at Sai Wan War Cemetery in Hong Kong. James, who was a child, was brought up by his mother. In Unreliable Memoirs, James says an IQ test taken in childhood put his IQ at 140, at the university, he edited the student newspaper, Honi Soit, and directed the annual Union Revue. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1961, after graduating, James worked for a year as an assistant editor for The Sydney Morning Herald. In early 1962, James moved to England, where he made his home, James later gained a place at Pembroke College, Cambridge, to read English literature. During one summer vacation, he worked as a roustabout to save enough money to travel to Italy. His contemporaries at Cambridge included Germaine Greer, Simon Schama and Eric Idle, having, he claims, scrupulously avoided reading any of the course material, James graduated with a 2, 1—better than he had expected—and began a Ph. D. thesis on Percy Bysshe Shelley. James became the critic for The Observer in 1972, remaining in the job until 1982. Selections from the column were published in three books—Visions Before Midnight, The Crystal Bucket and Glued to the Box—and finally in a compendium, John Gross included Jamess essay A Blizzard of Tiny Kisses in the Oxford Book of Essays. A defence of humanism, liberal democracy and literary clarity, the book was listed among the best of 2007 by The Village Voice, another volume of essays, The Revolt of the Pendulum, was published in June 2009. He has also published Flying Visits, a collection of writing for The Observer. For many years, until mid-2014, he wrote the weekly television critique page in the Review section of the Saturday edition of The Daily Telegraph. This was followed by Midnight Voices, an album of remakes of the best Atkin/James songs from the albums, and, in 2015, by The Colours of the Night. James acknowledged the importance of the Midnight Voices group in bringing to wider attention the lyric-writing aspect of his career. He wrote in November 1997, That one of the voices of my own fate should be the music of Pete Atkin continues to rank high among the blessings of my life
14.
Eleanor Bron
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Eleanor Bron is an English stage, film and television actress, and an author. She is best known for her roles as Ahme in Help. Bron was born in 1938 in Stanmore, Middlesex, into a Jewish family. Before her birth, her father Sidney had legally changed his name from Bronstein to Bron, in an effort to enhance his newly founded commercial enterprise and she attended the North London Collegiate School and then Newnham College, Cambridge. She later characterised her time at Newnham as three years of unparalleled pampering and privilege, Bron was the partner of the architect Cedric Price for many years until his death in 2003, they had no children. Her elder brother was the record producer Gerry Bron, Bron began her career in the Cambridge Footlights revue of 1959, entitled The Last Laugh, in which Peter Cook also appeared. The addition of a performer to the Footlights was a departure, until that time it had been all-male. Her film appearances include the role of Ahme in the Beatles film Help and her name inspired Paul McCartney when he composed Eleanor Rigby. She also appeared in the films Two for the Road alongside Albert Finney and Audrey Hepburn, more recently she has appeared in the film adaptations of Black Beauty and The Nightmare Before Christmas. In the Beatles film A Hard Days Night she had a cameo part where she interacts with John Lennon on the stairs backstage. She also appeared as the Queen in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, later, her work included such programmes as Where Was Spring. And After That, This – the one with the egg timer in the opening credits and she collaborated with novelist and playwright Michael Frayn on the BBC programmes Beyond a Joke and Making Faces. She appeared in Equal Opportunities, a 1982 episode of the BBC series Yes Minister, hacker plans to promote her—ostensibly to strike a blow for womens rights—only to be sorely disappointed. She also appeared as Mary in The Day Christ Died, Bron appeared in a brief scene in the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who serial City of Death, alongside John Cleese. The pair are art critics in Denise Renes art gallery in Paris who are admiring the TARDIS, Brons character, believing this to be part of the work, states that it is Exquisite, absolutely exquisite. Later she had a more substantial guest role in another Doctor Who television serial, Bron also appeared in the Doctor Who radio drama Loups-Garoux, in which she played the wealthy heiress Ileana de Santos. Bron played an art critic again in 1990, appearing in the BBC sketch comedy show French, later she made frequent appearances in Jennifer Saunders television series Absolutely Fabulous. Bron played, via flashback, the character of Patsys mother. After giving birth, she would always say Now take it away and she had a supporting role in the 1994 BBC ghost story The Blue Boy, and also appeared in the BBCs biographical TV movie Saint-Ex in 1996
15.
Tim Brooke-Taylor
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Timothy Julian Brooke-Taylor OBE is an English comic actor. He became active in performing in comedy sketches while at Cambridge University and he is most well known as a member of The Goodies, starring in the television series throughout the 1970s and picking up international recognition in Australia and New Zealand. He has also appeared as an actor in various sitcoms, and has been a panellist on Im Sorry I Havent a Clue for over 40 years. Brooke-Taylor was born in Buxton, Derbyshire, England, the grandson of Francis Pawson and his mother was an international lacrosse player and his father a solicitor. He was expelled from school at the early age of five. Brooke-Taylor was then schooled at Thorn Leigh Pre-Preparatory School, Holm Leigh Preparatory School and Winchester College which he left with seven O-levels and he was also active in the Pembroke College drama society, the Pembroke Players. Brooke-Taylor moved swiftly into BBC Radio with the comedy show Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again in which he performed. Uttered after a comic and transparent feed-line, as their adventure story reached its climax or cliffhanger ending, other members of Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again were John Cleese, Bill Oddie, Graeme Garden, David Hatch and Jo Kendall. In the mid-60s, Brooke-Taylor performed in the TV series On the Braden Beat with Canadian Bernard Braden, Brooke-Taylor played a reactionary right-wing city gent who believed he was the soul of tolerance. In 1967, Brooke-Taylor became a writer/performer on the comedy series At Last the 1948 Show, with John Cleese, Graham Chapman. The Four Yorkshiremen sketch was co-written by the four writers/performers of the series, the sketch was one of the few which survived the destruction of the series, by David Frosts Paradine Productions, and the sketch appears on the DVD of At Last the 1948 Show. The Four Yorkshiremen sketch has also performed during Amnesty concert performances, as well as being performed during Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl. Footage of Tim Brooke-Taylor and John Cleese, from At Last the 1948 Show, was shown on the documentary special Monty Python, Almost the Truth. Brooke-Taylor also took part in Frosts pilot programme How to Irritate People in 1968, many of the sketches were later revived in the Monty Python TV series, notably the job interview sketch where Brooke-Taylor played a nervous interviewee tormented by interviewer John Cleese. The programme was notable as the first collaboration of John Cleese. One of the sketches mentions John Cleeses character dating a woman named Christine Weadon the name of Brooke-Taylors wife. In 1968–69, Brooke-Taylor was also a cast member and writer on the comedy series Marty starring Marty Feldman, with John Junkin. A compilation of the two series of Marty has been released on a BBC DVD with the title of The Best of Marty Feldman
16.
That Was the Week That Was
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That Was the Week That Was, informally TWTWTW or TW3, was a satirical television comedy programme on BBC Television in 1962 and 1963. It was devised, produced and directed by Ned Sherrin and presented by David Frost, an American version by the same name aired on NBC from 1964 to 1965, also featuring Frost. The programme is considered a significant element of the boom in the UK in the early 1960s. It broke ground in comedy through lampooning the establishment and political figures and its broadcast coincided with coverage of the politically charged Profumo affair and John Profumo, the politician at the centre of the affair, became a target for derision. TW3 was first broadcast on Saturday,24 November 1962, the last two were also singers and the programme opened with a song – That Was The Week That Was – sung by Martin to Ron Grainers theme tune and enumerating topics in the news. Frankie Howerd also guested with stand-up comedy, the programme opened with a song sung by Millicent Martin, referring to news of the week just gone. Lance Percival sang a topical calypso each week, satirical targets, such as Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Home Secretary Henry Brooke were lampooned in sketches, debates and monologues. Other targets were the monarchy, Britains declining status as a power, racism, sexual and social hypocrisy, the class system. Well-remembered sketches include a guide to religion, which discussed relative merits of faiths in the manner of a Which. The germ of the joke was that Watson was only 25 when he helped discover DNA, TW3 was broadcast on Saturday night and attracted an audience of 12 million. It often under- or overran as cast and crew worked through material as they saw fit. At the beginning of the season in the autumn of 1963, in an attempt to assert control over the programme. Frost suggested a means of sabotaging this tactic to Sherrin, for three weeks, Frost read out the plot of The Third Man, until the repeats were abandoned following the direct intervention of the BBCs Director General Hugh Greene. Frost often ended a satirical attack with the remark But seriously, at the end of each episode, Frost usually signed off with, That was the week, that was. At the end of the programme he announced, That was That Was The Week That Was. that was. For the edition on Saturday,23 November 1963, the day after the assassination of United States President John F and this edition was screened on NBC in the US the following day, and the soundtrack was released by Decca Records. A clip, featuring Roy Kinnear, was shown in the David L. Wolper documentary film Four Days in November, after two successful series in 1962 and 1963, the programme did not return in 1964. The reason given by the BBC was that 1964 was election year, Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was initially supportive, chastising the Postmaster General Reginald Bevins for threatening to do something about it
17.
Monty Python
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Monty Python were a British surreal comedy group who created their sketch comedy show Monty Pythons Flying Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series, the Python phenomenon developed from the television series into something larger in scope and impact, including touring stage shows, films, numerous albums, several books, and a stage musical. The Pythons influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles influence on music, the Orlando Sentinel referred to their sketch show as not only one of the more enduring icons of 1970s British popular culture, but also an important moment in the evolution of television comedy. Broadcast by the BBC between 1969 and 1974, Flying Circus was conceived, written, and performed by its members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Loosely structured as a show, but with an innovative stream-of-consciousness approach, it pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style. Following their television work, they began making films, which include Holy Grail, Life of Brian, pythonesque has entered the English lexicon as a result. Jones and Palin met at Oxford University, where they performed together with the Oxford Revue, Chapman and Cleese met at Cambridge University. Idle was also at Cambridge, but started a year after Chapman, Cleese met Gilliam in New York City while on tour with the Cambridge University Footlights revue Cambridge Circus. Chapman, Cleese, and Idle were members of the Footlights, which at that also included the future Goodies. During Idles presidency of the club, feminist writer Germaine Greer and broadcaster Clive James were members, following the success of Do Not Adjust Your Set, a tea-time childrens programme, ITV offered Gilliam, Idle, Jones, and Palin their own late-night adult comedy series together. At the same time, Chapman and Cleese were offered a show by the BBC, Cleese was reluctant to do a two-man show for various reasons, including Chapmans supposedly difficult and erratic personality. Cleese had fond memories of working with Palin on How To Irritate People, much has been made of the fact that the Monty Python troupe is the result of Cleeses desire to work with Palin and the chance circumstances that brought the other four members into the fold. The Pythons had a idea about what they wanted to do with the series. They were admirers of the work of Peter Cook, Alan Bennett, Jonathan Miller, and Dudley Moore on Beyond the Fringe, and had worked on Frost and they enjoyed Cook and Moores sketch show Not Only. They decided that they would not bother to cap their sketches in the traditional manner. However, as they began assembling material for the show, the Pythons watched one of their heroes, Spike Milligan. Not only was the programme more irreverent and anarchic than any previous television comedy and it was clear that their new series would now seem less original, and Jones in particular became determined the Pythons should innovate. After much debate, Jones remembered an animation Gilliam had created for Do Not Adjust Your Set called Beware of the Elephants, Jones felt it would be a good concept to apply to the series, allowing sketches to blend into one another
18.
The Goodies
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The Goodies are a trio of British comedians, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous surreal comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches, the three actors met each other as undergraduates at Cambridge University, where Brooke-Taylor was studying law, Garden was studying medicine, and Oddie was studying English. Their contemporaries included Graham Chapman, John Cleese, and Eric Idle, who became members of Monty Python. Brooke-Taylor and Cleese studied together and swapped lecture notes as they were law students, but at different colleges within the university. All three Goodies became members of the Cambridge University Footlights Club, with Brooke-Taylor becoming president in 1963, and Garden succeeding him as president in 1964. Brooke-Taylor, Garden and Oddie were cast members of the 1960s BBC radio comedy show Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again, which also featured John Cleese, David Hatch and Jo Kendall, and lasted until 1973. Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again resulted from the 1963 Cambridge University Footlights Club revue A Clump of Plinths. After having its title changed to Cambridge Circus, the revue went on to play at West End in London, England, followed by a tour of New Zealand and Broadway in New York, US. They also took part in various TV shows with other people, Brooke-Taylor also took part in Marty. In 1968 Brooke-Taylor appeared with Cleese, Michael Palin and Graham Chapman in How to Irritate People, Garden and Oddie took part in Twice a Fortnight, before Brooke-Taylor, Garden, and Oddie worked on the late 1960s TV show Broaden Your Mind. The original BBC television series ran from November 1970 to February 1980 on BBC2, with 67 half-hour episodes, the series was created by Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, and originally co-written by all three, with Oddie providing the music for the show. Later episodes were co-written by Garden and Oddie and it was one of the first shows in the UK to use chroma key and one of the first to use stop-motion techniques in a live action format. Other effects include hand editing for repeated movement, mainly used to make animals talk or sing, in the series, the threesome travelled around on, and frequently fell off, a three-seater bicycle called the trandem. Their opponents were three members of the cast of The Liver Birds, Nerys Hughes, Elizabeth Estensen and Michael Angelis. They also presented the Christmas 1976 edition of Disney Time from the toy department of Selfridges store in London, however, after one half-hour Christmas special in 1981, and a six-part series in early 1982, the series was cancelled. In later interviews the cast suggest the reasons were economic. A special episode, which was based on the original 1971 Goodies Kitten Kong episode, was called Kitten Kong, Montreux 72 Edition, the Goodies won the Silver Rose in 1972 for this special episode at the Festival Rose dOr, held in Montreux, Switzerland. In the first episode of the series, The New Office
19.
Emma Thompson
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Emma Thompson is a British actress, activist, author, comedienne and screenwriter. Born in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law, Thompson was educated at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, where she became a member of the Footlights troupe. Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy, and in the early 1990s she frequently collaborated with her then husband, the pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films, including Dead Again and Much Ado About Nothing. In 1992, Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End. In 1993, she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer. Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility, which earned her an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, in 2013, she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks. Thompson is married to actor Greg Wise, with whom she lives in London and they have one daughter and an adopted son. She is an activist in the areas of rights and environmentalism and has received criticism for her outspokenness. She has written two books adapted from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, Thompson was born in Paddington, London, on 15 April 1959. Her godfather was the director and writer Ronald Eyre and she has one sister, Sophie Thompson, who also works as an actress. The family lived in West Hampstead in north London, and Thompson was educated at Camden School for Girls and she spent much time in Scotland during her childhood and often visited Ardentinny, where her grandparents and uncle lived. In her youth, Thompson was intrigued by language and literature, a trait which she attributes to her father, in 1977, she began studying for an English degree at Newnham College, University of Cambridge. Thompson believes that it was inevitable that she would become an actress, commenting that she was surrounded by people and I don’t think it would ever have gone any other way. While there, she had a moment that turned her to feminism. She became a punk rocker, with short red hair and a motorbike. At Cambridge, Thompson was invited into Footlights, the universitys sketch comedy troupe, by its president, Martin Bergman. Also in the troupe were fellow actors Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, Fry recalled that there was no doubt that Emma was going the distance. Our nickname for her was Emma Talented, in 1980, Thompson served as the Vice President of Footlights, and co-directed the troupes first all-female revue, Womans Hour
20.
Hugh Laurie
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James Hugh Calum Laurie OBE is an English actor, writer, director, musician, singer and comedian. From 2004 to 2012, he played Dr. Gregory House, Laurie was listed in the 2011 Guinness World Records as the most watched leading man on television and was one of the highest-paid actors in a television drama, earning £250,000 per episode in House. Laurie has portrayed Senator Tom James in HBO political satire Veep since 2015, in 2016 Laurie appeared in the BBC / AMC miniseries The Night Manager, and received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, his third overall. The youngest of four children, he has a brother named Charles Alexander Lyon Mundell Laurie. He had a relationship with his mother, Patricia. He notes that his mother was Presbyterian by character, by mood and his father, William George Ranald Mundell Laurie, was a doctor who won an Olympic gold medal in the coxless pairs at the 1948 London Games. Lauries parents, who were of Scottish descent, attended St. Columbas Presbyterian Church of England in Oxford and he notes that belief in God didnt play a large role in my home, but a certain attitude to life and the living of it did. He followed this by stating, pleasure was something that was treated with great suspicion, I was going to say it had to be earned but even the earning of it didnt really work. It was something to this day, I mean, I carry that with me, I find pleasure a difficult thing, I dont know what you do with it, I dont know where to put it. He has stated, I dont believe in God, but I have this idea that if there were a God, or destiny of some kind looking down on us, that if he saw you taking anything for granted hed take it away. Laurie was brought up in Oxford and attended the Dragon School from ages seven to 13 and notes that he was, in truth, Not much given to things of a bookey nature, spent a large part of youth smoking Number Six and cheating in French vocabulary tests. Laurie went on to Eton College, which he describes as the most private of private schools and he attributes his attending Selwyn College, Cambridge, as a result of family tradition as his father went to Cambridge and I applied to the same college. Laurie notes his father had a bout as an oarsman at Cambridge. He studied for a degree in archaeology and anthropology, specialising in social anthropology, in 1980, Laurie and his rowing partner, J. S. Palmer, were runners-up in the Silver Goblets coxless pairs for Eton Vikings rowing club, later, Laurie also achieved a Blue while taking part in the 1980 Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. Cambridge lost that year by five feet, during this time, Laurie was training for up to eight hours a day and was on course to become an Olympic-standard rower. Laurie is a member of Leander Club, one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world and he was also a member of the Hermes Club and the Hawks Club. Forced to abandon rowing during a bout of fever, Laurie joined the Cambridge Footlights
21.
Stephen Fry
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Stephen John Fry is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, and activist. While at university, he involved with the Cambridge Footlights. As half of the double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in A Bit of Fry & Laurie and also took the role of Jeeves in Jeeves. He was also the long-time host of the BBC television quiz show QI and he has also filmed commercials, including an advertisement where he explains the essence of British culture to foreigners arriving at Londons Heathrow Airport. Fry was born in Hampstead, London, on 24 August 1957, the son of Marianne Eve Fry and Alan John Fry, a British physicist and inventor. The Fry family originates in Dorset, at Shillingstone and Blandford, in the early 1800s, Samuel Fry settled in Surrey, Frys mother is Jewish, but he was not brought up in a religious family. His maternal grandparents, Martin and Rosa Neumann, were Hungarian Jews, rosas parents, who originally lived in Vienna, Austria, were sent to a concentration camp in Riga, Latvia, where they were murdered. His mothers aunt and cousins were sent to Auschwitz and Stutthof, Frys father is English, and his paternal grandmother had roots in Kent and Cheshire. Fry grew up in the village of Booton near Reepham, Norfolk, having moved from Chesham, Buckinghamshire and he has an elder brother, Roger, and a younger sister, Joanna. He was expelled from Uppingham when he was 15 and subsequently from the Paston School, at 17, after leaving Norfolk College of Arts and Technology, Fry absconded with a credit card stolen from a family friend. He had taken a coat when leaving a pub, planning to spend the night sleeping rough and he was arrested in Swindon, and, as a result, spent three months in Pucklechurch Prison on remand. While Fry was in Pucklechurch, his mother had cut out the crossword from every copy of The Times since he had been away, Fry later stated that these crosswords were the only thing that got him through the ordeal. Following his release, he resumed his education at City College Norwich and he scored well enough to gain a scholarship to Queens College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, Fry joined the Cambridge Footlights, appeared on University Challenge, Fry also met his future comedy collaborator Hugh Laurie at Cambridge and starred alongside him in the Footlights Club. Frys career in television began with the 1982 broadcasting of The Cellar Tapes, a second series, retitled Alfresco, was broadcast in 1983, and a third in 1984, it established Fry and Lauries reputation as a comedy double act. In 1983, the BBC offered Fry, Laurie and Thompson their own show, which became The Crystal Cube, undeterred, Fry and Laurie appeared in an episode of The Young Ones in 1984, and Fry also appeared in Ben Eltons 1985 Happy Families series. In 1986 and 1987 Fry and Laurie performed sketches on the LWT/Channel 4 show Saturday Live, forgiving Fry and Laurie for The Crystal Cube, the BBC commissioned, in 1986, a sketch show that was to become A Bit of Fry & Laurie. The programme ran for 26 episodes spanning four series between 1986 and 1995, and was very successful, in a 1988 television special, Blackadders Christmas Carol, he played the roles of Lord Melchett and Lord Frondo
22.
Tony Slattery
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Anthony Declan James Tony Slattery, is an English actor and comedian. He has appeared on British television regularly since the mid-1980s, most notably as a regular on the Channel 4 improvisation show Whose Line Is It Anyway. His serious and comedic film work has included roles in The Crying Game, Peters Friends, Slattery was born in Stonebridge, London, into a working-class background, the fifth and last child of Irish immigrants, Michael and Margaret Slattery. He was much younger than his sister, Marlene, and his brothers, Christopher, Michael and Stephen. In his youth, Slattery represented England in under-15 judo, achieving a black belt before he was 16, at the University of Cambridge, Slattery discovered a love of the theatre, taking delight in making people laugh. He met Stephen Fry, who invited him to join the Cambridge Footlights, other members at that time included Hugh Laurie, Emma Thompson, Sandi Toksvig and Richard Vranch. In 1981, Slattery, Fry, Laurie, Thompson and Toksvig won the inaugural Perrier Award for their revue The Cellar Tapes, the following year, Slattery was made President of the Footlights. During his tenure, the annual revue was Premises Premises. Slattery first broke into television as a performer on Chris Tarrants follow up to O. T. T. Saturday Stayback, while appearing for children in Behind the Bike Sheds. By 1988 he was a regular on Whose Line Is It Anyway, starred in his own improvisational comedy series, S&M, alongside Mike McShane, and appeared on other panel quizzes such as Have I Got News for You. He was a regular on the TV version of the quiz show Just a Minute and was also on the radio several times. As a dramatic actor he has appeared in The Crying Game, To Die For, Peters Friends, at the end of the 1980s he became a film critic, presenting his own show on British television, Saturday Night at the Movies. He also appeared in the ITV sitcom Thats Love with Jimmy Mulville, other TV appearances include The Music Game alongside Richard Vranch and as a regular guest with both Ruby Wax and Clive Anderson. In 1988, Slattery appeared in the BBC sci-fi comedy series Red Dwarf, Slattery here played the voice of the main character on Krytens favourite soap opera, Androids. He has also been a regular guest with the Comedy Store Players, early in the 1990s he appeared on many TV shows to the extent that he was a target of satire. For example, the Have I Got News for You 1991 annual showed images of the game from around the world, spitting Image showed a sketch in which an anthropomorphised BBC2 logo refused to have blue paint splattered on it and Slattery intervened for the sake of publicity. The satirical magazine Private Eye once published a cartoon depicting his answering machine with the outgoing message Yes
23.
Double act
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If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil. The term feed comes from the way a man is wont to set up jokes. Despite the names given to the roles, the straight man need not be humorless. Where the straight man serves no personal comic purpose but acts as a device to make the comic look good and this is sometimes considered a derogatory term. Most often, however, the humor in a double act comes from the way the two personalities play off other, rather than from the individuals themselves. In many successful acts the roles are interchangeable, the template for the modern double act began in the British music halls and the American vaudeville scene of the late nineteenth century. Here, the man was a necessity, as he would repeat the lines of the comic. This was done simply because the audience would be noisy, soon the dynamic developed so that the straight man became a more integral part of the act, setting up jokes to which the comic could then deliver the punchline. At various stages, acts such as George Burns and Gracie Allen, Abbott and Costello, Flanagan and Allen, Gallagher and Shean, the dynamic continued to develop, with Abbott and Costello using a modern and recognizable formula in routines such as Whos On First. In the 1930s and Flanagan and Allen using cross talking, by the 1920s, double acts were beginning to attract worldwide fame more readily through the silent era. However, because of the restrictions, the comedy was not derived from cross talk or clever verbal exchanges but through slapstick routines. The first double act to gain fame through film was Laurel. Before meeting, the pair had never worked together on stage, though both had worked in vaudeville—Stan Laurel with Charlie Chaplin as part of Fred Karnos Army and Oliver Hardy as a singer. Laurel could loosely be described as the comic, though the pair were one of the first not to fit the mold in the way that many double acts do, the pair first worked together as a double act in the 1927 film Duck Soup. The first Laurel and Hardy film was called Putting Pants on Philip though their characters had not yet been established. The first film both appeared in was Lucky Dog in 1917. Indeed, they were one of the few silent acts who made a successful transition to spoken word pictures in the 1930s. The year 1940 saw the release of Laurel and Hardys Saps at Sea, their film for long-term producer
24.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
25.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
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ADC Theatre
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The ADC Theatre is a theatre in Cambridge, England and also a department of the University of Cambridge. It is located in Park Street, north off Jesus Lane, the theatre is owned by the Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club, but is currently run as the smallest department of the university, with four full-time, and two part-time staff. It is a theatre with the CUADC as its resident company. The auditorium seats 228 audience members, the auditorium seating was replaced in summer 2008, and the rows are fairly evenly stepped from row A up to row P. The theatre has a bar, which opens 45 minutes before shows, when the CUADC was formed in 1855, its performances took place in rented rooms in the Hoop Hotel on Jesus Lane. By 1882, the members had raised sufficient funds to buy the freehold. This building was developed into the ADC Theatre over an extended period of time. In 1933, there was a fire, which gutted the building. The theatre was rebuilt to a design by Harold Tomlinson. The building was not changed again substantially until the redevelopment programme that started in 2002, among famous directors to have gained early experience there are Sir Peter Hall, Sir Trevor Nunn and Sam Mendes. The theatre is renowned for launching the career of viral comedian Ken Cheng. In 2011 the ADC Theatre took over the management of the Corpus Playroom, the space of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge In 2002. The bar had been refurbished in summer 2000, prior to the appeal being launched, in summer 2003, the first phase of the redevelopment was undertaken. In 2004, major modifications to the areas of the theatre were undertaken. A new toilet block was constructed on an area that was part of the theatres yard. A large amount of the floor was remodelled, resulting in an enlarged foyer and new box office for the public. The theatres facade was completely changed. In summer 2005, a lift was installed to give disabled access to the bar, in addition, a corridor was constructed to give audience access to both sides of the auditorium
27.
Peter Cook
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Peter Edward Cook was an English actor, satirist, writer and comedian. An extremely influential figure in British comedy, Cook is widely regarded as the light of the British satire boom of the 1960s. He was closely associated with the anti-establishment comedy that emerged in the UK, Cook was born at his parents house, Shearbridge, in Middle Warberry Road, Torquay, Devon. He was the son and eldest of the three children of Alexander Edward Alec Cook, a colonial civil servant, and his wife Ethel Catherine Margaret. He was educated at Radley College and Pembroke College, Cambridge, as a student, Cook initially intended to become a career diplomat like his father, but Britain had run out of colonies, as he put it. Although politically largely apathetic, particularly in life when he displayed a deep distrust of politicians of all hues. It was at Pembroke that Cook performed and wrote comedy sketches as a member of the Cambridge Footlights Club and his hero was fellow Footlights writer and Cambridge magazine writer David Nobbs. Beyond the Fringe became a success in London after being first performed at the Edinburgh Festival and included Cook impersonating the prime minister. This was one of the first occasions satirical political mimicry had been attempted in live theatre, during one performance, Macmillan was in the theatre and Cook departed from his script and attacked him verbally. In 1961, Cook opened The Establishment, a club at 18 Greek Street in Soho in central London, Cook said it was a satirical venue modelled on those wonderful Berlin cabarets. Which did so much to stop the rise of Hitler and prevent the outbreak of the Second World War, Cook befriended and supported Australian comedian and actor Barry Humphries, who began his British solo career at the club. Humphries said in his autobiography, My Life As Me, that he found Cooks lack of interest in art, Cooks chiselled looks and languid manner led Humphries to observe that whereas most people take after their father or mother, Cook seemed more like an aunt. Dudley Moores jazz trio played in the basement of the club during the early 1960s, when he returned, the pilot had been refashioned as That Was the Week That Was and had made a star of David Frost, something Cook resented. The 1960s satire boom was closing and Cook said England was about to sink giggling into the sea and this incident occurred in the summer of 1963, when the rivalry between the two men was at its height. Cook had realised that Frosts potential drowning would have looked deliberate if he had not been rescued, around this time, Cook provided financial backing for the satirical magazine Private Eye, supporting it through difficult periods, particularly in libel trials. Cook invested his own money and solicited investment from his friends, for a time, the magazine was produced from the premises of the Establishment Club. In 1963, Cook married Wendy Snowden, the couple had two daughters, Lucy and Daisy, but the marriage ended in 1970, Cook expanded television comedy with Eleanor Bron, John Bird and John Fortune. Cooks comedy partnership with Dudley Moore led to Not Only and this was originally intended by the BBC as a vehicle for Moores music, but Moore invited Cook to write sketches and appear with him
28.
I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue
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Im Sorry I Havent a Clue is a BBC radio comedy panel game. Introduced as the antidote to panel games, it consists of two teams of two comedians given silly things to do by a chairman. The show launched in April 1972 as a parody of radio and TV panel games, and has been broadcast since on BBC Radio 4, the 50th series was broadcast in November and December 2007. After a period of split chairmanship in the first series, Humphrey Lyttelton served in this role from the programmes inception until his death in 2008, in April 2008, following the hospitalisation and subsequent death of Lyttelton, recording of the 51st series was postponed. The show recommenced on 15 June 2009 with Lyttelton being replaced by a trio of hosts serving in tandem, Stephen Fry, Jack Dee, Dee went on to host all episodes of the 52nd series later that year. He continues in that role for forthcoming series, the chairmans script is written by Iain Pattinson, who has worked on the show since 1992. A panel game with no competition was not itself a new idea, examples include Ignorance is Bliss, Just a Minute, My Word. and My Music on the radio and Call My Bluff on television. Dave Lee, who was bandleader on Im Sorry Ill Read That Again, was at the piano, other rounds included Dialogue Read in a Specific Accent and Songs Sung as Animals. Since then the seat on the panel has featured a variety of guest comedians. The show has two million listeners on Radio 4 and its recording sessions typically fill 1500-seat theatres within a week of being advertised. Although there are twelve Clue shows broadcast per year these are the result of just six recording sessions, the show was recently voted the second funniest radio programme ever, after The Goon Show. It has a following among professional comedians such as Armando Iannucci. The official, authorised history of the show and ISIRTA, The Clue Bible by Jem Roberts, was published by Preface Publishing in October 2009. Humphrey Lyttelton, primarily known as a trumpeter and bandleader, was invited to be chairman because of the role played by improvisation in both comedy and jazz music. In the first series Lyttelton shared the role of chairman with Barry Cryer but he made it his own and he read the script introducing the programme and segments in an utterly deadpan manner. He claimed the secret was just to read what was in front of him without understanding why it was funny and he did occasionally depart from the script, however, often bringing the house down with an ad-lib. He was credited by the regular panellists as being the reason for the shows longevity. The final show of the 2008 Best of tour on 22 April would be presented by Rob Brydon, following Lytteltons death there was speculation that the series might be cancelled because replacing him would be extremely difficult if not impossible
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Graeme Garden
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David Graeme Garden OBE is a British comedian, actor, author, artist and television presenter, best known as a member of The Goodies and for being a cast member on Im Sorry I Havent a Clue. Born in Aberdeen, Scotland, he grew up in Preston, Garden qualified in medicine at Kings College London, but has never practised. Asked how he justified making jokes rather than saving lives, he answered, Garden was co-writer and performer in the classic BBC radio comedy sketch show, Im Sorry, Ill Read That Again, in the late 1960s. However, he continued sending scripts for the show by mail –. On several occasions his medical qualifications are lampooned, in the 25th Anniversary Show, Garden, Heres something I wrote this morning. Yes, says Garden, but its a funny one, Garden is a permanent panellist on the long-running BBC Radio improvisation show Im Sorry I Havent a Clue in a cast which includes Tim Brooke-Taylor. Garden wrote for and appeared with Barry Cryer and Alison Steadman in the 1989 BBC radio comedy sketch show The Long Hot Satsuma. In 2001 and 2002, Garden wrote for and appeared in the BBC radio comedy sketch show The Right Time, along with Eleanor Bron, Paula Wilcox, Clive Swift, Roger Blake and he was also script editor for The Hudson and Pepperdine Show. Garden is chair of the radio game show Beat the Kids. He has also appeared on the UK version of the television series Whose Line Is It Anyway. He was a co-writer of the BBC Radio 4 comedy Giles Wemmbley-Hogg Goes Off, in 2003, Garden wrote the Radio 4 sitcom About a Dog, based on an original idea by Debbie Barham, with a second series in 2007. Garden has appeared in two of Big Finishs Doctor Who audio dramas playing a parodic character and he plays Professor Fassbinder, a parody of Victor Bergman in Space,1999. In Max Warp he plays TV presenter Geoffrey Vantage, parodying Top Gear presenter Jeremy Clarkson and he also plays Abbot Thelonious in the Eighth Doctor audio play The Book of Kells in 2010, and subsequently returns as a recurring antagonist to the Eighth Doctor. Gardens best known work is freeform sitcom The Goodies, which he wrote and performed along with Tim Brooke-Taylor. The three appeared in the Amnesty International show A Poke In The Eye, in 1982 Garden and Oddie wrote, but did not perform in, a six-part science fiction sitcom called Astronauts for Central which was shown on ITV. The show was set in a space station in the near future. The series parodied comic book super-heroes, later, Garden wrote for the sitcom Surgical Spirit. Graeme Garden has also presented three series of the BBCs health magazine Bodymatters and he was a regular team captain on the political satire game show If I Ruled the World
30.
Eric Idle
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Eric Idle is an English comedian, actor, voice actor, author, singer-songwriter, musician, writer and comedic composer. Idle is a member of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python, a member of The Rutles, Idle was born in Harton, near South Shields in County Durham, to which his mother had been evacuated from the north west of England. His mother, Norah Barron, was a visitor and his father, Ernest Idle, served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. His mother had difficulty coping with a job and bringing up a child, so when Idle was seven. At this time, the school was a foundation dedicated to the education. Idle is quoted as saying, It was an abusive, bullying. I got used to dealing with groups of boys and getting on with life in unpleasant circumstances and being smart and funny, Idle stated that the two things that made his life bearable were listening to Radio Luxembourg under the bedclothes and watching the local football team, Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite this, he disliked other sports and would sneak out of school every Thursday afternoon to the local cinema, Idle was eventually caught watching the X-rated film BUtterfield 8 and stripped of his prefecture, though by that time he was head boy. Idle had already refused to be senior boy in the cadet force. Idle maintains that there was little to do at the school, Idle attended Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he studied English. At Pembroke, he was invited to join the prestigious Cambridge University Footlights Club by the president of the Footlights Club, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Idle started at Cambridge only a year after future fellow-Pythons Graham Chapman and John Cleese. He became Footlights President in 1965 and was the first to allow women to join the club, Idle starred in the childrens television comedy series Do Not Adjust Your Set co-starring his future Python fellows Terry Jones and Michael Palin. Terry Gilliam provided animations for the show, the shows cast also included comic actors David Jason and Denise Coffey. Idle also appeared as guest in episodes of the television series At Last the 1948 Show. The other Pythons usually worked in teams and Cleese admitted that this was slightly unfair – when the Pythons voted on which sketches should appear in a show, however, he also says that Idle was an independent person and worked best on his own. Idle himself admitted this was difficult, You had to convince five others. And they were not the most un-egotistical of writers, either, a number of his sketches involve extended monologues, and he would frequently spoof the unnatural language and speech patterns of television presenters. The second-youngest member of the Pythons, Idle was closest in spirit to the students, Idle originally wrote Nudge, Nudge for Ronnie Barker, but it was rejected because there was no joke in the words
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Cultural Amnesia (book)
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Cultural Amnesia is a book of biographical essays by Clive James, first published in 2007. The U. K. title, published by MacMillan, is Cultural Amnesia, Notes in the Margin of My Time, while the U. S. title, norton, is Cultural Amnesia, Necessary Memories From History and the Arts. The cover illustration was adapted from a work by German Modernist designer Peter Behrens, the book is a series of essays on 106 people James has been fascinated by, most of them from the 20th century. The chapters are in order of the subjects name, as follows
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Clive Anderson
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Clive Stuart Anderson is an English television and radio presenter, comedy writer and former barrister. Winner of a British Comedy Award in 1991, Anderson began experimenting with comedy and writing comedic scripts during his 15-year legal career, on BBC Radio 4, then later Channel 4. His Scottish father was manager of the Bradford & Bingleys Wembley branch, Anderson attended Selwyn College, University of Cambridge, where, from 1974 to 1975, he was President of Footlights. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1976 and became a practising barrister, Anderson was involved in the fledgling alternative comedy scene in the early 1980s and was the first act to come on stage at The Comedy Store when it opened in 1979. He made his name as host of the television comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway. Anderson hosted his own chat-show, Clive Anderson Talks Back, on Channel 4, Anderson moved to the BBC in 1996 and the shows name changed to Clive Anderson All Talk and was aired on BBC1. In one incident in 1996, Anderson interviewed the Bee Gees, Anderson once had a glass of water poured over his head by a perturbed Richard Branson. He also famously said to Jeffrey Archer, Theres no beginning to your talents, Archer retorted that The old jokes are always the best, for Anderson to reply Yes, Ive read your books. The last series of Clive Anderson All Talk aired in 2001 and he has been a frequent participant on Have I Got News for You, making ten appearances in total. He has also appeared on QI. In 2007, he featured as a regular panellist on the ITV comedy show News Knight, one heated exchange on HIGNFY occurred when he scathingly joked to fellow guest Piers Morgan that the Daily Mirror was now, thanks to Morgan, almost as good as The Sun. When asked by Morgan, What do you know about editing newspapers and he swiftly replied, About as much as you do. As a journalist for the BBC, he travelled around the world looking at problems in out-of-the-way places, featured episodes on monkeywrenching in American logging and 419 scams in Nigeria. In 2005 he presented the short-lived quiz Back in the Day for Channel 4, in January 2008, he appeared on the second episode of Thank God Youre Here and won. On 25 February 2008, he started presenting Brainbox Challenge, a new game show, in 2008, he presented a reality TV talent show-themed television series produced by the BBC entitled Maestro, starring eight celebrities who are famous amateurs with a passion for cajun music. In 2009, Anderson was the television host of the BBCs Last Night of the Proms, shows he has presented include, Clive Anderson Talks Back Our Man in… Whose Line Is It Anyway. Discovery Mastermind Back in the Day Clive Anderson All Talk Brainbox Challenge Maestro The Funny Side of. If I Ruled the World In recent years, Clive Anderson has combined his continuing interest in the law with his role as a presenter in the regular series Unreliable Evidence on Radio 4
33.
Whose Line Is It Anyway? (UK TV series)
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Whose Line is it Anyway. is a short-form improvisational comedy television show. Originally a British radio programme, it moved to television in 1988 as a made for Channel 4. The show consists of a panel of four performers who create characters, scenes and songs on the spot, in the style of short-form improvisation games, topics for the games are based on either audience suggestions or predetermined prompts from the host. Both the British and the American shows ostensibly take the form of a show with the host arbitrarily assigning points. However, the show lacks the true stakes and competition of a game show, the game show format is simply part of the comedy. Following the conclusion of the British run in 1999, ABC began airing an American version, in 2016, The Comedy Channel will begin airing an Australian Version of the series with comedian Tommy Little as host. Each typical television episode of Whose Line Is It Anyway, featured four performers who sit in a line of chairs at the back of the stage. The host sat at a desk facing the large area in front of the performers. The host introduced each performer with a joke or pun, usually all related on a theme or topic. The show is made up of games that are scored by the host, the points are purely decorative, served no practical purpose, and were often awarded to audience members or other arbitrary third persons. The style of the games are varied, some feature all four performers, while others feature fewer. The performers who are not involved in a game remain in their seats at the back of the stage, humorous banter between the host and the performers between games is also sometimes featured. At the conclusion of episode, a winner or several winners are chosen arbitrarily by the host. The prize for winning on the British version of the show is to read the credits in a style, chosen by the host. On the American series, the prize is either to play a game with the host, after this game, credits simply roll under the shows theme. In season two, the credit-reading, usually including all of the performers, was adopted from the UK series following the prize game, episodes were culled down from longer recording sessions with the best game performances chosen to compile into one or more episodes. The UK series each include one or two shows of unaired games from different taping sessions in that series. New games were created throughout the shows run, some games, such as Tag, are based on traditional improv games, while others are uniquely created for the series
34.
Jeeves and Wooster
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Jeeves and Wooster is a British comedy-drama series adapted by Clive Exton from P. G. Wodehouses Jeeves stories. The series was a collaboration between Brian Eastman of Picture Partnership Productions and Granada Television and it aired on the ITV network from 22 April 1990 to 20 June 1993, with the last series nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series. Wooster is a bachelor, an aristocrat and member of the idle rich. He and his friends, who are members of The Drones Club, are extricated from all manner of societal misadventures by the indispensable valet Jeeves. The stories are set in the United Kingdom and the United States in a period between the late 1920s and the 1930s. When Fry and Laurie began the series they were already a double act due to regular appearances on Channel 4s Friday Night Live. The theme is a piece of music in the jazz/swing style written by composer Anne Dudley for the programme. Dudley uses variations of the theme as a basis for all of the scores and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for her work on the third series. Many of the programmes supporting roles—including significant characters such as Aunt Agatha, Madeline Bassett, one prominent character, Aunt Dahlia, was played by a different actress in each of the four series. Conversely, Francesca Folan played two different characters, Madeline Bassett in series one and Lady Florence Craye in series four. Four series were produced, with 23 episodes in total, each series but the first consisted of six episodes, the five episodes of the first series were directed by Robert Young and first aired in April and May 1990. The second series, directed by Simon Langton, aired in April, the third series, directed by Ferdinand Fairfax, aired from March to May 1992. Fairfax also directed the six episodes of the fourth and final series, the third series of Jeeves and Wooster won a British Academy Television Award for Best Design for Eileen Diss. The final series won a British Academy Television Award for Best Graphics for Derek W. Granada Media released all four series on DVD in Region 2 between 2000 and 2002. On 1 September 2008, ITV Studios Home Entertainment released Jeeves and Wooster, The Complete Collection, in Region 1, A&E Home Video released the entire series on DVD in the US and Canada. In Region 4, Shock Entertainment has released the series on DVD in Australia. It was initially released in sets in 2007/2008, followed by a complete series collection on 4 August 2008. Interior shots of Skeldings Hall were filmed at Home House, a house in London
