1.
Indian Foreign Service
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The Indian Foreign Service is the administrative diplomatic civil service under Group A and Group B of the Central Civil Services of the executive branch of the Government of India. It is one of the two premier Civil Services, as appointment to IFS renders a person ineligible to reappear in Civil Services Examination and it is a Central Civil service as Foreign policy is the subject matter and prerogative of Union Government. The Ambassador, High Commissioner, Consul General, Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations, the service is entrusted to conduct diplomacy and manage foreign relations of India. It is the body of career diplomats serving in more than 180 Indian Diplomatic Missions, in addition, they serve at the headquarters of the Ministry of External affairs in Delhi and the Prime Ministers Office. They also head the Regional Passport Offices throughout the country and hold positions in the Presidents Secretariat, Foreign Secretary of India is the administrative head of the Indian Foreign Service. IFS Day is celebrated on October 9 every year since 2011 to commemorate the day the Indian Cabinet created the IFS, officers of the IFS are recruited by the Government of India on the recommendation of the Union Public Service Commission. Fresh recruits to the IFS are trained at the Foreign Service Institute after a foundation course at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration. Although established by the Company, the Indian Foreign Department conducted business with foreign European powers, each was headed by a secretary-level officer. The Foreign Department Secretary was entrusted with the conduct of all correspondence belonging to the external and internal diplomatic relations of the government, consequently, the External Affairs Department was set up separately under the direct charge of the Governor-General. Caroe pointed out that as India emerged as autonomous, it was imperative to build up a system of representation abroad that would be in harmony with the objectives of the future government. On 9 October 1946, on the eve of Indian independence, with independence, there was a near-complete transition of the Foreign and Political Department into what then became the new Ministry of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations. In 1948, the first group of Indian Foreign Service officers recruited under the combined Civil Services Examination administered by the Union Public Service Commission joined the service and this exam is still used to select new foreign service officers. The Civil Services Examination is used for recruitment for the Indian Foreign Service, the entire selection process lasts for about 12 months. Only a rank among toppers guarantees an IFS selection— an acceptance rate of 0.02 percent, in recent years, the intake into the Indian Foreign Service has averaged between 25-30 persons annually. The present cadre strength of the stands at approximately 600 officers manning around 162 Indian missions and posts abroad. On acceptance to the Foreign Service, new entrants undergo significant training, the entrants undergo a probationary period. Training begins at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie and they also go on attachments with different government bodies and defence establishments and undertake tours both in India and abroad. The entire training programme lasts for a period of 36 months, upon the completion of the training programme at the Institute, the officer is assigned a compulsory foreign language
2.
Parliament of India
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The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. The Parliament is composed of the President of India and the houses and it is bicameral with two houses, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President in his role as head of legislature has powers to summon. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and those elected or nominated to either house of Parliament are referred to as members of parliament. The Parliament meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi, the Sansad Bhavan is located in New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, who were responsible for planning, the construction of buildings took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the then Governor-General of India, Irwin. The construction costs for the building were ₹8.3 million, the parliament is 560 feet in diameter and covers an area of 6 acres. The Central hall consists of the chambers of Lok sabha, Rajya Sabha, surrounding these three chambers is the four storied circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses Parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex, the new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Ex, the present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag, the Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head. The President of India, the Head of state is a component of Parliament, the President of India is elected by the members of Parliament of India and the state legislatures and serves for a term of five years. Lok Sabha or the house has 545 members. It has a term of five years, Rajya Sabha or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years and its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members and it currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The number of members from a state depends on its population, the minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years
3.
Council of Ministers of India
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The Union Council of Ministers or federal cabinet exercises executive authority in the Republic of India. It consists of ministers, called Cabinet Ministers, junior ministers, called Ministers of State. It is led by the Prime Minister, a smaller executive body, called the Union Cabinet is the decision-making body in India. Only the Prime Minister and ministers of the rank of Cabinet Minister are members of Union Cabinet per Article 352, per Article 75, the Council of Ministers is responsible collectively to the lower house of the Indian Parliament, called the Lok Sabha. When a bill introduced by a minister in the Lok sabha is not approved by it, entire council of ministers is responsible, the council of ministers upon losing confidence of Lok Sabha shall resign to facilitate new government formation. A minister shall not take any decision with out being considered by the council of ministers per Article 78, all union cabinet members shall submit in writing to the President to propose proclamation of emergency by the president per Article 352. According to the Constitution of India, the number of ministers in the Council of Ministers must not exceed 15% of the total number of members of the House of the People. Ministers must be members of parliament, any minister who is not a member of either the lower or upper houses of parliament for six consecutive months is automatically stripped off his or her ministerial post. Upon self resignation Upon dismissal by the President for ministers unconstitutional acts per Article 75, upon direction from the Judiciary for committing violation of law. Upon ceasing eligibility to be a member of Parliament and it is nowhere stated in the constitution, a minister can be removed by the Prime Minister at his will. Every state in India is governed by its council of ministers with rules, there is no concept of cabinet rank minister in the council of ministers. As a collective, each successive Council of Ministers is referred to as a cabinet, the current cabinet is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who took office on 26 May 2014. Politics of India National Democratic Alliance Council of Ministers of Narendra Modi Template, Modi ministry Union Council of Ministers at the National Portal of India
4.
Prime Minister of India
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The Prime Minister of India is the Head of Government and leader of the executive branch of the Government of India. The Prime Minister is also the adviser to the President of India. He or she can be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament, but has to be the leader of the party, having a majority in the Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is the member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet, allocates posts to members within the Government, is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. The federal or union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive, Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75. The Prime Minister shall always enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha, India follows a parliamentary system in which the prime minister is the presiding, actual head of the government and chief of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of states official representative usually holds a ceremonial position. The Prime Minister shall become a member of parliament within six months of beginning his/her tenure, he/She is expected to work with other central ministers to ensure the passage of bills by the Parliament. There shall be a Council of Ministers with the minister at the head to aid and advise the president who shall, in the exercise of his functions. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Like most parliamentary democracies, a Presidents duties are mostly ceremonial as long as the constitution and the rule of law is obeyed by the Union Cabinet, the Prime Minister of India is the head of union government and has the responsibility for executive power. The prime minister leads the functioning and exercise of authority of the government of India. President of India invites a person who is commanding support of majority members of Lok Sabha to form government at the federal level, in practice the prime minister nominates the members of their Council of Ministers to the president. They also work upon to decide a core group of Ministers as in-charge of the important functions, some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the prime minister himself. Per Article 78 of the constitution, the communication between the union cabinet and the president are through the prime minister. Other wise constitution recognises the prime minister as a member of the cabinet only outside the sphere of union cabinet. Be a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha
5.
Minister of External Affairs (India)
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The Minister of External Affairs is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the responsibility of the Foreign Minister is to represent India. The foreign minister also plays an important role in determining Indian foreign policy, occasionally, the foreign minister is assisted by a Minister of State for External Affairs or the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of External Affairs. Indias first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, also held the minister post throughout his 17-year premiership of the country. Several other prime ministers have held the additional charge of foreign minister. There have been a number of ministers who went on to become prime minister. The current Minister of External Affairs is Sushma Swaraj of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian Foreign Secretary Official Website of Ministry of External Affairs MEA Library
6.
Official residence
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An official residence is the residence at which a nations head of state, head of government, governor or other senior figure officially resides. It may or may not be the location where the individual conducts work-related functions or lives. This has occurred in the 21st century in Detroit and New York City, in the case of Denver, no mayor has ever lived in the official residence, the city instead makes it available to certain non-profit groups for special functions. The President uses own private residence, - Its address is 1 Cheongwadae-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. It is located next to Gyeongbokgung, the palace during the Joseon Dynasty. Cheong Nam Dae - Cheong Nam Dae used to be one of the two residences for the President of Republic of Korea. It was returned to public in 2003, - It is located in Cheongwon-gun, North Chungcheong Province. Cheong Hae Dae - Cheong Hae Dae used to be one of the two residences for the President of Republic of Korea. Although the president no longer uses this facility this compound is still under the administration of the Republic of Korea Navy, - It is located on one of the islands of Geoje-shi, South Gyeongsang Province. Chongri Gonggwan - This is the residence for the Prime Minister of Republic of Korea. The Prime Minister, however, does not work here, - Its address is 111-2 Samcheongdong-gil, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. It is located close to Cheong Wa Dae, gukhoeuijang Gonggwan - This is the official residence for the Speaker of the National Assembly of Republic of Korea. The Speaker, also, does not work here, - It is located in Hannam-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, where many foreign missions to Korea are located. Daebeobwonjang Gonggwan - This is the residence for the Chief Justice of Republic of Korea. The Chief Justice, also, does not work here, - It is also located in Hannam-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul. Most ministers of state and heads of administrative regions also have official residences, although they are not listed here. S
7.
New Delhi
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New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi citys 11 districts. The National Capital Region is a larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory along with adjoining districts. The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V and it was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy, New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, the contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed Lutyens Delhi was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britains imperial aspirations. Soon Lutyens started considering other places, however, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroys House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the projects early years, many believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a number of heritage sites in the North side. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroys House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was considered the site of Indraprastha
8.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
9.
Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
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The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet decides appointments to several top posts under the Government of India. The committee is composed of the Prime Minister of India, the Minister of Home Affairs, originally the Minister in-charge of the concerned Ministry was also the part of the committee but as per the new notification the minister of concerned ministry has been excluded from the committee. These include Board level appointments in Public Sector Undertakings and appointments to the posts at the level of Joint Secretary, in addition, all appointments by promotion that require ACC approval are processed through the E. O. Division. For this purpose, the Establishment Officer functions as the Secretary to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, the Establishment Officer is the ex-officio Member Secretary of the Civil Services Board that is chaired by the Cabinet Secretary. This Board makes recommendations for appointments in respect of the posts of Deputy Secretary, Director, in addition, the Board makes recommendations to the ACC for inclusion of officers in the Joint Secretaries suitability list. The EO is also Member Secretary of the Central Establishment Board, the Economic Affairs Committee directs and coordinates the governmental activities in the economic sphere. Appointment Committee decides all higher level appointments in the Cabinet Secretariat, Public enterprises, Banks, Parliamentary Affairs Committee looks after the progress of government business in the Parliament. Except the Cabinet Committee on Accommodation and Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs, of all the Cabinet Committees, the most powerful is the Political Affairs Committee, often described as a Super-Cabinet. Constitution of India Parliamentary democracy Union Council of Ministers of India Cabinet Committee on Security Cabinet Committee on Accommodation
10.
Term of office
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A term of office is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office. Being the origin of the Westminster system, aspects of the United Kingdoms system of government are replicated in other countries. The monarch serves as head of state until his or her death or abdication, in the United Kingdom Members of Parliament in the House of Commons are elected for the duration of the parliament. Following dissolution of the Parliament, an election is held which consists of simultaneous elections for all seats. For most MPs this means that their terms of office are identical to the duration of the Parliament, an MP elected in a by-election mid-way through a Parliament, regardless of how long they have occupied the seat, is not exempt from facing re-election at the next general election. The Septennial Act 1715 provided that a Parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned, prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 parliaments had no minimum duration. Parliaments could be dissolved early by the monarch at the Prime Ministers request, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 mandated that Parliaments should last their full five years. Early dissolution is possible, but under much more limited circumstances. Hereditary peers and life peers retain membership of the House of Lords for life, Lords Spiritual hold membership of the House of Lords until the end of their time as bishops, though a senior bishop may be made a life peer upon the end of their bishopric. The devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are variations on the system of government used at Westminster, the office of the leader of the devolved administrations has no numeric term limit imposed upon it. However, in the case of the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government there are fixed terms for which the legislatures can sit and this is imposed at four years. Elections may be held before this time but only if no administration can be formed, offices of local government other regional elected officials follow similar rules to the national offices discussed above, with persons elected to fixed terms of a few years. Federal judges have different terms in office, however, the majority of the federal judiciary, Article III judges, such as those of the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, and federal district courts, serve for life. The terms of office for officials in state governments according to the provisions of state constitutions. The term for state governors is four years in all states but Vermont and New Hampshire, the National Conference of State Legislatures reported in January 2007 that among state legislatures,44 states had terms of office for the lower house of the state legislature at two years. Five had terms of office at four years,37 states had terms of office for the upper house of the state legislature at four years
11.
Ministry of External Affairs (India)
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The Ministry of External Affairs of India, also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. The Ministry comes under Government of India and is responsible for the representation in the United Nations. It also advises other Ministries and State Governments when the latter have dealings with foreign governments or institutions, the Ministry was initially the Ministry of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, a holdover from the British Raj. It was renamed the Ministry of External Affairs in 1948, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru held the portfolio as an additional charge till his death in 1964 and it was only then that a separate Minister with Cabinet rank was appointed. The following cadre controlling authority of the Civil Services is under the administration and supervision of the External Affairs Ministry, the Secretary General was the senior most official in the ministry till the post was abolished in 1964. The Foreign Secretary dealt with the American, Western and Eastern Divisions, in addition, s/he was in charge of the Divisions dealing with Protocol, External Publicity, and the Historical Records. His/Her main task was to co-ordinate among the various Divisions in the Ministry, the Commonwealth Secretary dealt with all the Commonwealth countries with the exception of Canada which was the responsibility of the Americas Division. S/he was also in charge of the South Asian countries of the Southern Division, the Special Secretary was in charge of administration of the Ministry, and posts and missions abroad. The Foreign Secretary is the senior most civil servant who is the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs, as India increased its strategic footprint, DPA was formed in 2013 for effective execution of projects with professionals from diverse backgrounds. India has a project portfolio in its neighbourhood, including Bhutan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Maldives, Sri Lanka. It is headed by Sujata Mehta, one of India’s foremost diplomats and former Indian representative to UN Conference on Disarmament, Mehta is Special Secretary in the MEA. The Ministry of External Affairs was the first government department to have an app for smartphones with the launch of MEAIndia on 29 July 2013. The app will help users apply for a passport, get visa information, diplomats from other countries such as Gabriela Mistral, Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, St John Perse, Ivo Andric, George Seferis have won distinctions such as the Nobel Prize in Literature. Prominent diplomats-turned-authors who started their careers with the Indian Foreign Service and Ministry of External Affairs include Vikas Swarup, the office of the Ministry is located in the South Block building which also contains the Prime Ministers office and defence office. Other offices are located in Jawahar Lal Nehru Bhavan, Shastri Bhavan, Patiala House, and ISIL Building
12.
Foreign relations of India
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The Ministry of External Affairs of India, also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. India has formal relations with most nations, it is the worlds the second most populous country, the worlds most-populous democracy. India has an international influence and a prominent voice in global affairs. India is an industrialised country, has a history of collaboration with several countries, is a component of the BRICS. India is also a member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, regionally, India is a part of SAARC and BIMSTEC. India has taken part in several UN peacekeeping missions and in 2007, India is currently seeking a permanent seat in the UN Security Council, along with the other G4 nations. Even before independence, the Government of India maintained semi-autonomous diplomatic relations and it had colonies, who sent and received full missions, and was a founder member of both the League of Nations and the United Nations. The partition and various disputes, particularly that over Kashmir. During the Cold War, India adopted a policy of not aligning itself with any major power bloc. However, India developed close ties with the Soviet Union and received military support from it. The end of the Cold War significantly affected Indias foreign policy, the country now seeks to strengthen its diplomatic and economic ties with the United States, the European Union, Japan, Israel, Mexico, and Brazil. India has also forged ties with the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the African Union. The foreign policy of Narendra Modi indicated a shift towards focusing on the Asian region and, more broadly, Indias foreign policy has always regarded the concept of neighbourhood as one of widening concentric circles, around a central axis of historical and cultural commonalities. As many as 22 million people of Indian origin live and work abroad, an important role of Indias foreign policy has been to ensure their welfare and well being within the framework of the laws of the country where they live. Jawaharlal Nehru, Indias first Prime Minister, promoted a strong role for the Prime Minister. He was the founding fathers of the Panchsheel or the five principles of peaceful co-existence. His successors continued to exercise control over Indias international dealings. Indias second prime minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri, expanded the Prime Minister Office, by the 1970s, the Office of the Prime Minister had become the de facto coordinator and supraministry of the Indian government
13.
Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
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The Ministry of Home Affairs or Home Ministry is a ministry of the Government of India. An interior ministry, it is responsible for the maintenance of internal security. The Home Ministry is headed by Union Minister of Home Affairs, shri Rajnath Singh is the present Minister of Home Affairs. The Home Ministry is also the cadre controlling Authority for the Indian Police Service, DANIPS, the Home Secretary is the senior civil servant at the MHA. The current Home Secretary is Rajiv Mehrishi, Director of Intelligence Bureau Mr. Rajiv Jain Director of CBI-Mr. The Ministry of Home Affairs has the following constituent Departments, Department of Border Management Department of Border Management, dealing with management of borders, Department of Internal Security Department of Internal Security, dealing with police, law and order and rehabilitation. Department of States Dealing with Centre-State relations, Inter-State relations, Union Territories and these are organisational divisions of the Ministry itself, without the splitting into specialised departments. Disaster Management Division Responsible for response, relief and preparedness for natural calamities, the Division is also responsible for legislation, policy, capacity building, prevention, mitigation and long term rehabilitation. Finance Division The Division is responsible for formulating, operating and controlling the budget of the Ministry under the Integrated Finance Scheme, foreigners Division The Division deals with all matters relating to visa, immigration, citizenship, overseas citizenship of India, acceptance of foreign contribution and hospitality. It also handles work relating to Enemy Properties and residual work relating to Evacuee Properties, Human Rights Division The Division deals with matters relating to the Protection of Human Rights Act and also matters relating to national integration and communal harmony and Ayodhya. It is also responsible for implementation of the Prime Ministers Package for J&K, judicial Division Legislative aspects of the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and also the Commission of Inquiry Act. Left Wing Extremism Division Control of left wing extremism in India, Police Division-II This Division deals with the policy, personnel, operational and financial matters relating to all the Central Armed Police Forces including BSF Air Wing. It also deals with the matters relating to welfare of the serving and retired CAPF personnel, Union Territories Division The Division deals with all legislative and constitutional matters relating to Union territories, including National Capital Territory of Delhi. Besides, it is responsible for over-seeing the crime and law and order situation in UTs
14.
Minister of Home Affairs (India)
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The Minister of Home Affairs is the head of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India. Occasionally, he is assisted by the Minister of State of Home Affairs, ever since the time of independent Indias first Home Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the office has been seen as second in seniority only to the Prime Minister in the Union Cabinet. Like Patel, several Home Ministers have since held the portfolio of Deputy Prime Minister. Since 26 May 2014, the Home Minister of India is Rajnath Singh of the Bhartiya Janta Party, taking over the reins from Sushilkumar Shinde
15.
Ministry of Defence (India)
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The Ministry of Defence is charged with co-ordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the Indian armed forces. The Ministry has the largest budget among the departments of India. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the country, the Ministry of Defence provides policy framework and resources to the Armed Forces to discharge their responsibility in the context of the defence of the country. The Armed Forces and Indian Coast Guard under the Defence Ministry are primarily responsible for ensuring the integrity of the nation. At present, the new creation of National Defence University, for training of military officials and concerned civilian officials, will be administered. The Ministry organises and runs Republic Day celebrations and parade every year in January, a Military Department was created by the Supreme Government of the British East India Company at Kolkata in the year 1776. Its main function was to co-ordinate and record orders, relating to the Army, the Military Department initially functioned as a branch of the Public Department and maintained a list of Army personnel. With the Charter Act of 1833 the Secretariat of the Government of the East India Company was re-organised into four Departments, each headed by a Secretary to the Government. The Armies in the Presidencies of Bengal, Bombay & Madras functioned as the respective Presidency Armies until April 1895, for administrative convenience, it was divided into four Commands, Punjab, Bengal, Madras and Bombay. The supreme authority over the Indian Army was vested in the Governor General-in-Council, subject to the Control of the Crown, two Members in the Council were responsible for military affairs. One was the Military Member, who supervised all administrative and financial matters, the other was the Commander-in-Chief who was responsible for all operational matters. The Military Department was abolished in March 1906 and was replaced by two separate Departments, the Army Department and the Military Supply Department, in April 1909 the Military Supply Department was abolished and its functions were taken over by the Army Department. The Army Department was re-designated as the Defence Department in January 1938, the Department of Defence became the Ministry of Defence under a Cabinet Minister in August 1947. The functions of MOD which in 1947 was mainly logistic support to the Armed Forces, has far reaching changes. In November 1962, following the 1962 war, a Department of Defence Production was set-up to deal with research, development, in November 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and execution of schemes for import substitution of requirements for defence purposes. These two Departments were later merged to form the Department of Defence Production and Supplies, in 1980, the Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In January 2004, the Department of Defence Production and Supplies was renamed the Department of Defence Production, a Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister was appointed to advise on scientific aspects of military equipment and the research and design of Defence forces equipment. The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare was created in 2004, the Raksha Mantri is the head of the Ministry of Defence
16.
Passport
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A passport is a travel document, usually issued by a countrys government, that certifies the identity and nationality of its holder for the purpose of international travel. Standard passports may contain information such as the name, place and date of birth, photograph, signature. Passports are moving towards including biometric information in a microchip embedded in the document, making them machine-readable, as of 5 April 2017,96 countries emit biometric passports. A passport holder is entitled to enter the country that issued the passport. Some passports attest to status as a diplomat or other official, entitled to rights, many countries normally allow entry to holders of passports of other countries, sometimes requiring a visa also to be held, but this is not an automatic right. Many other additional conditions, such as not being likely to become a charge for financial or other reasons. Some countries and international organisations issue travel documents which are not standard passports, one of the earliest known references to paperwork that served in a role similar to that of a passport is found in the Hebrew Bible. In the medieval Islamic Caliphate, a form of passport was the baraa, only people who paid their zakah or jizya taxes were permitted to travel to different regions of the Caliphate, thus, the baraa receipt was a travelers basic passport. Etymological sources show that the passport is from a medieval document that was required in order to pass through the gate of a city wall or to pass through a territory. In medieval Europe, such documents were issued to travelers by local authorities, on the whole, documents were not required for travel to sea ports, which were considered open trading points, but documents were required to travel inland from sea ports. King Henry V of England is credited with having invented what some consider the first true passport, the earliest reference to these documents is found in a 1414 Act of Parliament. In 1540, granting travel documents in England became a role of the Privy Council of England, in 1794, issuing British passports became the job of the Office of the Secretary of State. The 1548 Imperial Diet of Augsburg required the public to hold imperial documents for travel, the speed of trains, as well as the number of passengers that crossed multiple borders, made enforcement of passport laws difficult. The general reaction was the relaxation of passport requirements, consequently, comparatively few people held passports. During World War I, European governments introduced border passport requirements for security reasons and these controls remained in place after the war, becoming a standard, though controversial, procedure. British tourists of the 1920s complained, especially about attached photographs and physical descriptions, in 1920, the League of Nations held a conference on passports, the Paris Conference on Passports & Customs Formalities and Through Tickets. Passport guidelines and a general booklet design resulted from the conference, while the United Nations held a travel conference in 1963, no passport guidelines resulted from it. Passport standardization came about in 1980, under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO standards include those for machine-readable passports
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Bungalow
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A bungalow is a type of building, originally from Bengal region in South Asia, but now found throughout the world. Across the world, the meaning of the word bungalow varies, common features of many bungalows include verandas and being low-rise. In Australia, the California bungalow was popular after the First World War, some portable classrooms are called bungalows. The term originated in India, deriving from the Gujarati બંગલો baṅgalo, meaning Bengali and this Asian architectural form and design originated in the countryside of Bengal region in South Asia. Such houses were small, only one story and detached. The term was first found in English from 1696, where it was used to describe bungales or hovells in India for English sailors of the East India Company, later developers began to use the term for smaller houses. Bungalows are very convenient for the homeowner in that all living areas are on a single-story, a bungalow is well suited to persons with impaired mobility, such as the elderly or those in wheelchairs. Neighbourhoods of only bungalows offer more privacy than similar neighbourhoods with two-story houses, with bungalows, strategically planted trees and shrubs are usually sufficient to block the view of neighbours. They are a very cost-effective way of living, on the other hand, even closely spaced bungalows make for quite low-density neighbourhoods, contributing to urban sprawl. In Australia, bungalows have broad verandas and as a result are often excessively dark inside, on a per unit area basis, bungalows are more expensive to construct than two-story houses, because a larger foundation and roof area is required for the same living area. The larger foundation will often translate into larger lot size requirements, although the footprint of a bungalow is often a simple rectangle, any foundation is theoretically possible. For bungalows with brick walls, the windows are positioned high. This architectural technique avoids the need for special arches or lintels to support the wall above the windows. The developer Richard Stanton built in Federation Bungalow style first in Haberfield, New South Wales, the first Garden Suburb, beecroft, Hornsby and Lindfield contain many examples of Federation Bungalows built between 1895 and 1920. From about 1910 until 1930, the California Bungalow style was popular in Australia. The style seems to have first been imported in Sydney and then throughout the Australian states. In South Australia, the suburb of Colonel Light Gardens contains many well-preserved bungalow developments, in the rural areas of Bangladesh, it is often called “Bangla Ghor”. The Bungalow style houses are very popular in the rural Bengal
