Fourth Avenue (Brooklyn)
Fourth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It stretches for 6 miles south from Times Plaza, the triangle intersection created by Atlantic and Flatbush Avenues in Downtown Brooklyn, to Shore Road and the Belt Parkway in Bay Ridge. While southwestern Brooklyn is well served by expressways, Fourth Avenue provides an alternate for local traffic as it directly links the neighborhoods of Park Slope, Sunset Park and Bay Ridge with Downtown Brooklyn. Traffic signals along the avenue are coordinated for green wave in the peak direction; the avenue was paved in the 1890s as a grand parkway resembling the Park Avenue in Manhattan, rebuilt after 1910 for more traffic. Fourth Avenue begins at Times Plaza, the triangle intersection it forms with Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues at the foot of the Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower and Atlantic Terminal in Downtown Brooklyn; the avenue extends south with three traffic lanes in each direction and a one-lane-wide concrete divider that provides a left-turn lane.
The concrete divider is part of the ventilation system for the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, which lies directly underneath. While six lanes are provided, only four lanes get full use, since the outer two are used by double-parked vehicles and as a right-turn lane. On its course through Park Slope, Fourth Avenue is home to several condominiums and homes but is dominated by service stations and automotive repair centers. Upon entering Sunset Park, Fourth Avenue passes under the Prospect Expressway and offers indirect access to it through local side streets; the avenue continues to serve the automotive trade as far as the street numbered in the low 40s, where it becomes flanked by large wall-to-wall apartment buildings. After crossing under the Gowanus Expressway viaduct into Bay Ridge, the arterial boulevard gives way to a four-lane street bordered by four- to five- story apartment buildings until it reaches Shore Road and the Belt Parkway under the Verrazano Narrows Bridge; the borough has a thoroughfare named Church Avenue, contrary to its name, does not rival the large number of churches located along Fourth Avenue.
At Fourth Avenue's intersection with 54th Street in Sunset Park, there are four houses of worship either directly at the corner of the intersection or within a building of it. Two of the churches stand side by side; as stated, the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway runs the length of Fourth Avenue. Stations are located at Atlantic Avenue, Union Street, Ninth Street, Prospect Avenue, 25th Street, 36th Street, 45th Street, 53rd Street, 59th Street, Bay Ridge Avenue, 77th Street, 86th Street, 95th Street, with express stations at Atlantic Avenue, 36th Street, 59th Street. MTA Regional Bus Operations operates several routes; the B103 Limited route has the longest stretch, traveling southbound on 4th Avenue from Atlantic Avenue to Prospect Expressway. The B4, B9, B11, B70 use the avenue for short stretches. B1, B8, B16, B37, B63, S53, S79 SBS, S93 buses stop at the south end of the avenue
New York (state)
New York is a state in the Northeastern United States. New York was one of the original thirteen colonies. With an estimated 19.54 million residents in 2018, it is the fourth most populous state. To distinguish the state from the city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State; the state's most populous city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population. Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, nearly 40% lives on Long Island; the state and city were both named for the 17th century Duke of York, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.62 million in 2017, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world. New York City is a global city, home to the United Nations Headquarters and has been described as the cultural and media capital of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city.
The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. The 27th largest U. S. state in land area, New York has a diverse geography. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut and Vermont to the east; the state has a maritime border with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. The southern part of the state is in the Atlantic coastal plain and includes Long Island and several smaller associated islands, as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley; the large Upstate New York region comprises several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains, the Adirondack Mountains in the Northeastern lobe of the state. Two major river valleys – the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley – bisect these more mountainous regions. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Niagara Falls.
The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular vacation and tourist destination. New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. French colonists and Jesuit missionaries arrived southward from Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1609, the region was visited by Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company; the Dutch built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present-day capital of Albany developed. The Dutch soon settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the multicultural colony of New Netherland, a center of trade and immigration. England seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664. During the American Revolutionary War, a group of colonists of the Province of New York attempted to take control of the British colony and succeeded in establishing independence. In the 19th century, New York's development of access to the interior beginning with the Erie Canal, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the U.
S. built its political and cultural ascendancy. Many landmarks in New York are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls, Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, environmental sustainability. New York's higher education network comprises 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, the United States Military Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, University of Rochester, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 40 in the nation and world; the tribes in what is now New York were predominantly Algonquian. Long Island was divided in half between the Wampanoag and Lenape; the Lenape controlled most of the region surrounding New York Harbor.
North of the Lenape was the Mohicans. Starting north of them, from east to west, were three Iroquoian nations: the Mohawk, the original Iroquois and the Petun. South of them, divided along Appalachia, were the Susquehannock and the Erie. Many of the Wampanoag and Mohican peoples were caught up in King Philip's War, a joint effort of many New England tribes to push Europeans off their land. After the death of their leader, Chief Philip Metacomet, most of those peoples fled inland, splitting into the Abenaki and the Schaghticoke. Many of the Mohicans remained in the region until the 1800s, however, a small group known as the Ouabano migrated southwest into West Virginia at an earlier time, they may have merged with the Shawnee. The Mohawk and Susquehannock were the most militaristic. Trying to corner trade with the Europeans, they targeted other tribes; the Mohawk were known for refusing white settlement on their land and banishing any of their people who converted to Christianity. They posed a major threat to the Abenaki and Mohicans, while the Susquehannock conquered the Lenape in the 1600s.
The most devastating event of the century, was the Beaver Wars. From 1640–1680, Iroquoian peoples waged campaigns which extended from modern-day Michigan to Virginia against Algonquian and Siouan tribes, as well as each other; the ai
Metropolitan Avenue
Metropolitan Avenue is the name of three streets in New York City. The main Metropolitan Avenue is a major east-west street in northern Brooklyn. There are Metropolitan Avenues in Staten Island and the Bronx. An Indian trail, Metropolitan Avenue was constructed in 1816 as the Williamsburgh and Jamaica Turnpike, a toll road which connected the villages of Williamsburgh and Jamaica, New York; the road became a farmer's and stage coach route to the Williamsburgh ferries across the East River to Manhattan. The easternmost segment of the present avenue in Williamsburg had several names before it was joined to Metropolitan Avenue circa 1858: Bushwick Street Woodhull Street, North Second Street; the City of Brooklyn acquired Metropolitan Avenue from the Williamsburgh and Jamaica Turnpike Road Company in 1872. Several of the neighborhoods through which it passes originated as villages along its length. Metropolitan Avenue runs through the neighborhoods of Williamsburg and East Williamsburg in Brooklyn and Ridgewood, Middle Village, Forest Hills, Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill and Jamaica in Queens.
The avenue, which ranges between four and six lanes wide, marks the northern borders of Ridgewood and Glendale and the southern border of Maspeth. The street is 7.9 miles long. Metropolitan Avenue is served by the following subway stations: Metropolitan Avenue on the IND Crosstown Line Lorimer Street and Graham Avenue on the BMT Canarsie Line Middle Village – Metropolitan Avenue on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line Jamaica – Van Wyck on the IND Archer Avenue Line The Q54 bus runs along most of the avenue; the avenue crosses the Long Island Rail Road's Bushwick Branch at one of the busiest level crossings in New York City. Queens Metropolitan High School, a public high school, opened in the autumn of 2010 on the avenue in Glendale. Metropolitan Avenue in Parkchester, the Bronx is a boulevard 0.8 miles long. Aileen B. Ryan Oval Metropolitan Oval, is halfway along Metropolitan Avenue in the Bronx. Metropolitan Avenue in Silver Lake, Staten Island, is a side street 0.5 miles long
DeKalb Avenue
DeKalb Avenue is a street in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, with the majority of its length in Brooklyn. It runs from Woodward Avenue in Ridgewood, Queens to Downtown Brooklyn, stopping at the Fulton Mall where the Dime Savings Bank and City Point meet. Between Woodward Avenue and Bushwick Avenue, DeKalb Avenue is a two-lane street. A bike lane, installed in 2004 and extended in 2008, exists between Malcolm X Boulevard and Flatbush Avenue. DeKalb Avenue is named after Baron Johann de Kalb. Landmarks along the avenue include the Pratt Institute, Fort Greene Park, the Brooklyn Hospital Center, the DeKalb and Marcy branches of the Brooklyn Public Library, Long Island University's Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn Technical High School, Junior's; the NYCDOT proposed in 2008 to introduce traffic other improvements to DeKalb Avenue. Two New York City Subway stations serve DeKalb Avenue: DeKalb Avenue on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT Brighton Line DeKalb Avenue on the BMT Canarsie LineIn addition, the following subway stations are within one or two blocks of DeKalb Avenue: Nevins Street on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line Lafayette Avenue on the IND Fulton Street Line Fulton Street, Clinton–Washington Avenues, Classon Avenue, Bedford–Nostrand Avenues on the IND Crosstown Line Kosciuszko Street on the BMT Jamaica Line Central Avenue on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line The B38 bus, operated by MTA New York City Transit, runs along most of the route
Roy DeMeo
Roy Albert DeMeo was a New York American mobster, a member of the Gambino crime family. He headed the DeMeo crew in the Gambino crime family, which became notorious for the large number of murders it committed; the gang committed in excess of 100 murders, with the majority of them being committed by DeMeo himself. Roy Albert DeMeo was born in 1942 in Bath Beach, into a working class Italian immigrant family of Neapolitan origin A Gambino associate, Anthony Gaggi, noticed DeMeo and told him that he could make more money with his successful business if he came to work directly for the Gambino family. Through the late 1960s, DeMeo's organized crime prospects increased on two fronts, he continued in the loansharking business with Gaggi, began developing a crew of young men involved in car theft. It was this collective of criminals that would become known both in the underworld and in law enforcement circles as the DeMeo crew; the first member of the crew was Chris Rosenberg, who met DeMeo in 1966 at the age of 16.
Rosenberg was dealing marijuana at a Canarsie gas station and DeMeo helped him increase his business and profits by loaning Rosenberg money so that he could deal in larger amounts. By 1972, Rosenberg had introduced his friends to DeMeo and they began working for him as well; the members of the crew included Joseph "Dracula" Guglielmo, Joseph Testa, Anthony Senter and Joseph's younger brother, Patrick Testa. DeMeo joined the Boro of Brooklyn Credit Union that same year, gaining a position on the board of directors shortly afterward, he utilized his position to launder money earned through his illegal ventures. He introduced colleagues at the Credit Union to a lucrative side-business, laundering the money of drug dealers he had become acquainted with. DeMeo built up his loansharking business with funds stolen from credit union reserves, his collection of loanshark customers, while still those in the car industry, soon included other businesses such as a dentist's office, an abortion clinic and flea markets.
He was listed as an employee for a Brooklyn company named S & C Sportswear Corporation, told his neighbors he worked in construction, food retailing and the used car business. In late 1974, a conflict that had erupted between the DeMeo crew and a young automotive bodyshop owner, partners with DeMeo in a stolen car ring, named Andrei Katz, had continued to escalate. In May 1975, DeMeo was informed by a police officer that, as a result of this conflict, Katz was cooperating with authorities. In June he was lured to a place. After being abducted, he was stabbed to death and dismembered. An accomplice who helped bait Katz confessed her role and Joseph Testa and Henry Borelli were both arrested, they would secure an acquittal at trial in January 1976. This was the first known murder committed by the DeMeo crew, for years it was thought to have been the first occasion where DeMeo or members of his crew had dismembered a body for disposal. In 2003, new information was provided to the FBI by Bonanno underboss Salvatore Vitale, who claimed that in 1974, he was ordered to deliver the corpse of a man who had just been murdered to a garage in Queens so that it could be disposed of by DeMeo.
In 2011, former Gambino associate Greg Bucceroni alleged that during the late 1970s and early 1980s, DeMeo utilized his henchman Richard Kuklinski on behalf of Robert "DB" DiBernardo and the Gambino crime family's pornography establishments in New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia. Here, Kuklinski would traffic illegal pornography, collect debts, carry out contract killings; as the 1970s continued, DeMeo cultivated his followers into a crew experienced with the process of murdering and dismembering victims. They did murders for other people as some kind of a contract hit, with prices low for that type of work; some murders were done as "personal favors." A government witness reported that if the DeMeo crew didn't kill someone a week, they were "depressed." With the exception of killings intended to send a message to any who would hinder their criminal activities, or murders that presented no other alternative, a set method of execution was established by DeMeo and crew to ensure that victims would be dispatched and made to disappear.
The style of execution was dubbed the "Gemini Method," after the Gemini Lounge, the primary hangout of the DeMeo crew - as well as the site where most of the crew's victims were killed. The process of the Gemini Method, as revealed by multiple crew members and associates who became government witnesses in the early 1980s, was: the victim would be lured through the side door of the lounge and into the apartment in the back portion of the building. At this point, a crew member would approach with a silenced pistol in one hand and a towel in the other, shooting the victim in the head wrapping the towel around the victim's head wound like a turban to staunch the blood flow. After, another member of the crew would stab the victim in the heart to prevent more blood from pumping out of the gunshot wound. By the victim would be dead, at which point the body would be stripped of clothing and dragged into the bathroom, where the remaining blood drained out or congealed within the body; this was to eliminate the messiness of the next step, when crew members would place the body onto plastic sheets laid out in the main room and proceed to dismember it, cutting off the arms and head.
The body parts would be put into bags, placed in cardboard boxes and sent
Coney Island Avenue
Coney Island Avenue is a roadway in the New York City borough of Brooklyn that runs north-south for a distance of five miles parallel to Ocean Parkway and Ocean Avenue. It begins at Brighton Beach Avenue in Coney Island and goes north to Park Circle at the southwest corner of Prospect Park, where it becomes Prospect Park Southwest. Near-parallel Ocean Parkway terminates five blocks south and three blocks west of that intersection, becoming the Prospect Expressway. Ocean Parkway extended north to Park Circle, where Coney Island Avenue meets Prospect Park, until construction of the Prospect Expressway replaced the northern half-mile of Ocean Parkway but included ramps to the edge of Prospect Park. Coney Island Avenue frontage is dominated by mixed-use housing: pre-war apartment buildings, small shops, including a large number of antique shops, service businesses; the B68 bus line runs along Coney Island Avenue, connecting the Prospect Park area and Downtown Brooklyn to the famous oceanfront attractions of Coney Island and Brighton Beach.
The area surrounding a one-mile stretch of Coney Island Avenue is home to a sizable population of Pakistani Americans, occasioning the informal name "Little Pakistan". Coney Island Plank Road Forgotten-NY
Kings Highway (Brooklyn)
Kings Highway is a broad avenue that curves about southern part of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Its west end is at 78th Street. East of Ocean Avenue, the street is residential, it tracks eastward northeast north through Brooklyn and reaches East 98th Street in central Brooklyn. At that point, it flows into Howard Avenue to provide seamless access to Eastern Parkway, another major road in Brooklyn with side medians and service roads. A Business Improvement District has been established along part of the road to support stores and businesses in that area. Although not built in 1704, "King's Highway" was formed in colonial New York when the locals connected the many smaller established roads, cow paths, Indian trails that passed through Kings County, they named the highway after the county, named in honor of King Charles II of England on November 1, 1683. Kings Highway was much longer than it is now, it began at Brooklyn Ferry, now called Fulton Ferry, where Ferry Road, now called Old Fulton Street and Furman Street, ran southeastward to the small Dutch town of New Amersfoort, now known as Flatlands.
It took a sharp westward turn at that point and passed into another of Brooklyn's original six towns, New Utrecht. It led into Yellow Hook, ending at Denyse's Ferry, operated by a colonial-era landowner, about where Shore Road and 86th Street meet today. In southwest Brooklyn, the thoroughfare had other names, including: "State Road," "Road from Fort Hamilton to New Utrecht," and "Road from New Utrecht to Denyse's Ferry." According to the Dyker Heights Historical Society, the Highway ended at the ferry landing in what is now Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn. In 1740 Denyse, a local New Utrecht resident, took over ferry operations in The Narrows, serving Brooklyn and Staten Island. Denyse’s Ferry was located at the base of the hill on which Fort Hamilton was built, near today’s Fort Hamilton Parkway and Shore Road. Kings Highway traveled northeast from Denyse’s Ferry to present-day 86th Street; this portion of the Highway is known today as Fort Hamilton Parkway. At the corner of Kings Highway and 86th Street stood New Utrecht Town Hall, built in 1878.
This building was used as a school, police station, jail. Kings Highway traveled northeast, at about a 40-degree angle to the street grid, until it reached the middle of 81st Street between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. At the intersection of the current-day 81st Street and Eleventh Avenue, Denyse’s Lane branched off in a northwardly direction. St. Phillips Church in Dyker Heights now occupies part of the former lane, which meandered down to Van Brunt’s Dock in Bay Ridge. Closer to Bay Ridge, Denyse's Lane was known as today's 79th Street; the highest natural point in southwestern Brooklyn is at Eleventh Avenue and 82nd Street, at Dyker Heights. During the time of Kings Highway, the hill was known as New Utrecht Mount. According to the Brooklyn Eagle, it gave “the soldiers of revolutionary time an outlook from which they could note the movements of their opponents, not only as they approached from the sea, but maneuvered on Staten Island.” At 81st Street and Twelfth Avenue was Flax Pond. This site was developed.
After the pond, Kings Highway traveled southeast until it reached Waters Avenue, which ran between Thirteenth and Fourteenth avenues from 83rd Street until it reached the Dyker Meadows. At Fourteenth Avenue, Kings Highway meandered around the northern limits of the Dyker Meadows Swamp, which occupied much of the block between Fourteenth and Fifteenth avenues between 83rd and 84th streets. From Sixteenth Avenue to Eighteenth Avenue, Kings Highway ran on a slight diagonal. At Sixteenth Avenue is the cemetery. At Eighteenth Avenue is the church of 1828. At this 1828 church, the Highway made an abrupt 90 degree leftward turn and traveled northward one and a half blocks until it made another abrupt 90 degree turn, this time eastward, it was built around the Van Pelt Manor House of 1686. In 1741 a Milestone was placed in front of the home to indicate the distances to New York City, to Denyse’s Ferry, to Jamaica, Queens. Kings Highway continued east into the Town of Brooklyn. According to the Brooklyn Eagle, in the 19th century, Kings Highway “was one of the best and most convenient thoroughfares for the lovers of riding and driving.”The British General Lord Cornwallis traveled along the road with his troops on August 26, 1776, to the Battle of Brooklyn.
He achieved a major defeat for the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. When President George Washington came to survey the agricultural abilities of Kings and Suffolk counties after the war in 1792, he traveled down this rural road. Farmers moved into the area and developed their homesteads along the road. Though the road was the major highway running through the towns of Brooklyn, Flatlands and New Utrecht, it did not have a used name until the 19th century, when the portion from Brooklyn Ferry to Flatbush came to be called Flatbush Road, now Flatbush Avenue, it was referred to as “lane” or “road,” followed by a short description. Thus it would be described as “the lane between Gravesend and New Utrecht.” It took on local names in each town, such as “Gravesend Lane” and “Ferry Road.” The name “Kings Highway” was a common reference to public highways during colonial times and has been used for other roads around the New York City area that are in no way connected with the present Kings Highwa
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