Fracture
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Fracture is the cracking or breaking into pieces of an object or material under the action of stress. The science of fracture is a field of study in physics, metallurgy and engineering.
Ductile failure of a metallic specimen strained axially
Brittle fracture in glass
Fracture of an aluminum crank arm of a bicycle, where the bright areas display a brittle fracture, and the dark areas show fatigue fracture
Brittle cleavage fracture surface from a scanning electron microscope
Fracture toughness
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In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. It is a material property that qu
Fracture
…crack length based on the conditions defined by fracture mechanics. Brittle fracture may be avoided by controlling three primary factors: material fracture toughness (Kc), nominal stress level (σ), and introduced flaw size (a). Residual stresses, temperature, loading rate, and stress concentrations also contribute…
Morphology of fracture surfaces in materials that display ductile crack growth is influenced by changes in specimen thickness.