1.
Gibson City, Illinois
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Gibson City is a city in Ford County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,407 at the 2010 census, the site of Gibson City was purchased and platted by Jonathan B. In 1870, Lott built a home and a post office there, and several stores, Lott named the place Gibson after the maiden name of his wife, Margaret Gibson Lott, and City was added later by the post office department. Both the Gilman, Clinton and Springfield Railroad and the Chicago and Paducah Railroad reached the town in 1871, Gibson City was incorporated as a village in 1872. A third railroad, the LaFayette, Muncie and Bloomington Railroad, was built through Gibson City in 1874. In the same year, one of the signed a contract that paid Augustana College, located in Paxton at the time. In 1883, a fire in the town caused $50,000 in property damage, Gibson City is located at 40°27′56″N 88°22′29″W. According to the 2010 census, Gibson City has an area of 2.349 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,373 people,1,469 households, the population density was 1,604.0 people per square mile. There were 1,565 housing units at a density of 744.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 13% White,0. 59% African American,0. 53% Asian,0. 03% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 65% of the population. 33. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 20. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.85. In the city, the population was out with 23. 2% under the age of 18,6. 8% from 18 to 24,24. 9% from 25 to 44,22. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 83.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $33,638, and the median income for a family was $41,047. Males had an income of $33,938 versus $20,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,926, about 8. 9% of families and 9. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 9% of those under age 18 and 4. 6% of those age 65 or over. Illinois State Highways 9,47, and 54 intersect on the edge of Gibson City, the towns weekly newspaper is the Gibson City Courier
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
Bethany College (West Virginia)
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Bethany College is a private, liberal arts college located in Bethany, West Virginia, United States. Founded in 1840 by Alexander Campbell of the Restoration Movement, who gained support by the Virginia legislature, bethanys 1, 300-acre campus is located in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, situated on the hilly Allegheny Plateau. Wheeling, West Virginia, Washington, Pennsylvania, and Steubenville, pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a 50-minute drive from campus. A liberal arts college, Bethany was chartered on March 2,1840, by the Virginia legislature, West Virginias secession from Virginia on June 20,1863, recognized existing Virginia charters, Bethany College continues to operate under the Virginia charter today. It was founded by Alexander Campbell, a minister in the Restoration Movement who provided the land and funds for the first building, Bethany has been a four-year private liberal arts college affiliated with the Christian Church, since its inception. This religious body, of which Campbell was one of the founders, continues to support and encourage the college. An early center of coeducation, Bethany has admitted women since the 1880s, the colleges roots stem from the Buffalo Seminary, a center for advancement to further education, founded in 1818 by Campbell. Sessions were first held in his mansion in Bethany, home of Alexander Campbell and it is located less than a mile away from the Colleges present location. The college is the birthplace of Delta Tau Delta, a social fraternity founded in 1858. During World War II, Bethany was one of 131 colleges nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, a number of campus buildings are contributing resources to the Bethany Historic District. The Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, pendleton Heights was listed in 1975 and the Delta Tau Delta Founders House in 1979. Bethany College offers a selection of studies, awarding Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts degrees in more than 25 fields. If a major does not appeal to a student, Bethany offers students the opportunity to design their own major through the Interdisciplinary program, Bethany also offers Dual Majors, which is a combination of two majors. The schools mascot is the Bison and its colors are green, the Bison defeated Johns Hopkins, 1–0, in double overtime for their first and only NCAA title. In doing so, Bethany became the smallest college in the United States to win an NCAA championship, the winning goal was scored by Pat Ricci and was assisted by Steve Lindquist. Malleh Sallah was named the NCAA Goalkeeper of the Year and a First Team All-American, the team was coached by John Cunningham, who led the team from 1968 to 2001 and never had a losing record. Fraternities and sororities constitute important social groups for upperclass-men and -women on campus, members of the five social fraternities and three sororities constitute approximately forty percent of the student body. Representatives from each serve on agencies which coordinate fraternal affairs and activities, social fraternities represented are Delta Tau Delta, Alpha Sigma Phi, Beta Theta Pi, Phi Kappa Tau and Sigma Nu
5.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
6.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
7.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
8.
Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, direct, and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers, Joel received sole credit for directing and they often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. The duo also won the Palme dOr for Barton Fink, and were nominated for Fargo, the Coen brothers have written a number of films that neither of the two directed. Ethan is also a writer of stories, theater. Their films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, Joel and Ethan Coen were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena, was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, when they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with a kid, Mark Zimering. Their first attempt was a romp entitled Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go, cornel Wildes The Naked Prey became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear. Joel Coen has said, in regards to whether our background influences our film making, theres no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976 and they both also graduated from Bard College at Simons Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Joel then spent four years in the film program at New York University. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned a degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis was a 41-page essay, Two Views of Wittgensteins Later Philosophy, Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. They adopted a son from Paraguay, named Pedro McDormand Coen and she also did a voice-over in Barton Fink. Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1990 and they have two children, daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob, who goes to Vassar College. Both couples live in New York, after graduating from New York University, Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Enda Ruth Paul in editing Raimis first feature film, in 1984, the brothers wrote and directed Blood Simple, their first commercial film together
9.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
10.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
11.
Blood Simple
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Blood Simple is a 1984 American neo-noir crime film written, edited, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The films title derives from the Dashiell Hammett novel Red Harvest, in which the term blood simple describes the addled, in 2001, a Directors cut was released. It ranked #98 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Thrills, the film also placed #73 on Bravos 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film opens with a short voice-over monologue voiced by M. Emmet Walsh as various images of the Texas landscape are shown, the film then shifts to a conversation between Abby and Ray in a car as it drives through a heavy downpour at night. They seem to be discussing Abbys bad marriage and Ray indicates that hes driving her to Houston, but instead of driving Abby to Houston, Ray drives to a motel and they have sex. We later find out that Julian Marty, who owns a Texas bar, has suspected Abbys affair with Ray, one of his bartenders, when Visser reports back to Marty, he teases him about being cuckolded. The morning after their tryst, Marty makes a silent phone call to Ray, the following day Ray goes to the bar to collect his earnings, two weeks worth of work, but instead confronts Marty and quits his job. Marty threatens Rays life and advises him not to trust Abby, Marty then hires Visser to kill the couple. Visser suggests he take a trip to Corpus Christi to establish an alibi. He then breaks into Rays home, steals Abbys gun, Visser presents an edited photo of their fake corpses to Marty, who dumps four dead fish on his desk. Marty goes to the bathroom to vomit, then opens the safe to give Visser his $10,000 fee, Visser then shoots Marty with Abbys gun in a double cross, leaving her gun at the scene as evidence that she killed Marty. But he accidentally leaves his lighter and does not realize that Marty has stolen one of the incriminating photographs. Ray returns to the bar to get his last paycheck and accidentally kicks Abbys gun and he finds a motionless Marty and decides to cover up the murder, which he assumes Abby has committed. He cleans up the blood and disposes of evidence in a backyard incinerator, while Ray is driving down a lonely country road at night to dispose of the body he sees that Marty is still alive and stops the car and runs into a field. When he catches his breath and returns to the car, Marty is out of the car slowly crawling down the road, Ray struggles to get him back into the car as a truck approaches. The scene jumps to Ray digging a grave in a plowed field. As he throws dirt onto Martys body, Marty pulls the gun out and tries twice to shoot Ray, Ray takes the gun and buries Marty alive. Ray calls Abby from a booth and tells her he loves her
12.
Raising Arizona
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Not a blockbuster at the time of its release, it has since achieved cult status. The film ranked 31st on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Laughs list, Hi McDunnough and police officer Edwina Ed meet after she takes the mugshots of the recidivist. With continued visits, Hi learns that Eds fiancé has left her, Hi proposes to her after his latest release from prison, and the two get married. They move into a mobile home, and Hi gets a job in a machine shop. They want to have children but Ed is infertile, and they cannot adopt because of His criminal record, despite the fact that Ed is a police officer. The couple learns of the Arizona Quints, sons of locally famous furniture magnate Nathan Arizona, Hi and Ed kidnap one of the five babies, Hi and Ed return home and are soon visited by His cellmates, Gale and Evelle Snoats, who have just escaped from prison. Under the brothers influence, Hi is tempted to return to his felonious ways and their problems get worse when His supervisor, Glen, proposes wife swapping and Hi assaults him. That night, Hi decides to steal a package of diapers for the baby, Ed sees this and, furious, drives off without him. Ed eventually picks him up, leading to a ride home. Gale and Evelle overhear this conversation and turn on Hi, tying him to a chair, Gale and Evelle leave with plans to rob a hayseed bank with Junior in tow. When Ed comes home, she frees Hi and the two arm themselves and set out together to retrieve the child, en route, Ed suggests that they should end their marriage after recovering the boy. Meanwhile, Nathan Arizona Sr. is approached by the bounty hunter Leonard Smalls who offers to find the child for $50,000, Nathan Sr. declines the offer, believing that Smalls himself is his sons kidnapper. Smalls decides to recover the child anyway to sell on the black market and he begins tracking Gale and Evelle and learns of their bank robbery plans. Gale and Evelle rob a bank but leave Junior there as they make their getaway, one of the banks anti-theft dye canisters explodes in their loot sack, blocking the cars windows and incapacitating them. At the bank, Smalls arrives for Junior just ahead of Ed, Ed grabs the baby and flees, Hi is able to fend Smalls off for a while, but eventually finds himself at Smalls mercy when Smalls punches Hi in the face several times. As Smalls throws Hi to the ground and prepares to kill him, Smalls attempts to get rid of the grenade, but he cannot get it off in time and is blown to pieces when the grenade explodes and sets off all his weapons. Hi and Ed sneak Junior back into the Arizona home and are confronted by Nathan Sr, after Nathan Sr. learns why they took his son, he understands the couples predicament and decides not to turn them over to the police. He counsels them, when Hi and Ed say that they are splitting up, gets a football for Christmas from a kindly couple who wish to remain unknown, later becoming a football star
13.
Fargo (film)
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Fargo is a 1996 American black comedy crime thriller film written, produced, edited, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Fargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, where Joel Coen won the festivals Prix de la mise en scène, a critical and commercial success, Fargo received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. McDormand received the Best Actress Oscar, and the Coens won in the Best Original Screenplay category, the American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American movies of all time in 1998. A Coen-produced FX television series of the name, inspired by Fargo and taking place in the same universe. In the winter of 1987, Jerry Lundegaard, the manager at a Minneapolis Oldsmobile dealership, is desperate for money. He floated a $320,000 GMAC loan and collateralized it with nonexistent dealership vehicles, dealership mechanic and paroled ex-convict Shep Proudfoot refers Jerry to Gaear Grimsrud. Jerry pitches Gustafson a lucrative real estate deal, and he agrees to front $750,000, Jerry considers calling off the kidnapping, then learns that Gustafson plans to make the deal himself, giving Jerry a finders fee. At Jerrys home, Carl and Gaear carry out the kidnapping, as they transport Jean to their remote cabin on Moose Lake, a state trooper pulls them over outside Brainerd for driving without temporary tags. When the trooper hears a sound from the seat, Gaear kills him. The following morning, Brainerd police chief Marge Gunderson discovers that the trooper was ticketing a car with dealership plates. Later, two men driving a dealership vehicle checked into the nearby Blue Ox Motel with two girls, then placed a call to Proudfoot. After questioning the prostitutes, she drives to Gustafsons dealership, where Proudfoot feigns ignorance, while in Minneapolis, Marge reconnects with Mike Yanagita, an old classmate who tells her that his wife, another classmate, has died, and makes an awkward pass at her. Jerry informs Gustafson that the kidnappers have demanded $1 million, meanwhile, Carl, in light of the complication of three murders, demands that Jerry hand over the entire $80,000. GMAC gives Jerry 24 hours to prove the existence of the vehicles or return the loan, Carl is attacked and beaten by a furious Proudfoot for involving him in the murder investigation. Carl orders Jerry to deliver the ransom immediately, Gustafson insists on making the money drop himself. At the prearranged drop point in a Minneapolis parking garage, he tells Carl he will not hand over the money without seeing Jean, an enraged Carl shoots and kills Gustafson. After fleeing the scene, Carl is astounded to discover that the briefcase contains $1 million and he removes $80,000 to split with Gaear, then buries the rest alongside the highway. At the cabin, Gaear has killed Jean, Carl says they must split up and leave the state immediately, Marge learns that Yanagitas dead wife is not dead, nor his wife
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The Man Who Wasn't There (2001 film)
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The Man Who Wasnt There is a 2001 British-American neo-noir crime film written, produced and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Billy Bob Thornton stars in the title role, also featured are Tony Shalhoub, Scarlett Johansson, James Gandolfini, and Coen regulars Frances McDormand, Michael Badalucco, Richard Jenkins and Jon Polito. Joel Coen won the Best Director Award at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, Ethan Coen, Joel Coens brother and co-director of the film, did not receive the Best Director Award as he was not credited as a director. This was the last film to be produced and distributed by Gramercy Pictures until it was revived in 2015, in 1949, Ed Crane is a low-key barber in the town of Santa Rosa, California. He is married to Doris, a bookkeeper with a drinking problem, a customer named Creighton Tolliver tells Ed that hes a businessman looking for investors to put up $10,000 in a new technology called dry cleaning. Ed decides to get the money by anonymously blackmailing Doriss boss, Big Dave Brewster, Dave embezzles money from his department store to pay the blackmail. However, he pieces together the scheme and beats Tolliver until he implicates Ed. Dave confronts Ed at the store and attempts to kill him. After Daves funeral, his comes to Ed and confesses that, one day, she. Later, irregularities in the books are found. The police arrest Doris for embezzlement and Daves murder, Ed is persuaded to hire Freddy Riedenschneider, an expensive defense attorney from Sacramento, who arrives and takes up residence in the best and most expensive hotel in town. He proceeds to live lavishly on Doriss defense fund, which Frank obtained by mortgaging the barber shop and it is all for nothing, because Doris hangs herself in her cell the morning before the trial. It is later revealed that she was pregnant when she hanged herself, Riedenschneider leaves town disgusted and Frank, now deeply in debt, starts drinking heavily. Ed makes regular visits to Rachel Birdy Abundas, a teenage daughter. Tormented by loneliness, he imagines helping her start a musical career, the fantasy is crushed when a music teacher tells him that Birdy has no talent. Driving back from visiting the teacher, Birdy makes a pass at Ed and attempts to perform sex on him, causing Ed to lose control of the car. When Ed awakens in a bed, two police officers tell him hes under arrest for murder. Tollivers beaten body has found in a lake, along with Eds investment contract. The police believe Ed coerced Doris into embezzling the investment money, Ed is arraigned for the murder and mortgages his house to re-hire Riedenschneider
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Burn After Reading
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Burn After Reading is a 2008 American black comedy film written, produced, edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film stars George Clooney, John Malkovich, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton, the film had its premiere on August 27,2008, when it opened the 2008 Venice Film Festival. It was released in the United States on September 12,2008, faced with a demotion at work due to a drinking problem, Osbourne Cox angrily quits his job as a CIA analyst and decides to write a memoir. When his pediatrician wife Katie finds out, she sees it as an opportunity to file for divorce and continue her affair with Harry Pfarrer and she copies her husbands financial records and other files, including the draft memoir, and gives them to her lawyer. The lawyers assistant copies the files onto a CD, which she leaves on the locker room floor of Hardbodies. The disc falls into the hands of dim-witted personal trainer Chad Feldheimer and his co-worker Linda Litzke and they plan to return the disc for a reward, with Linda hoping to use the money to pay for cosmetic surgery. After a phone call and subsequent meeting with Osbourne provoke a reaction, Chad. Osbournes increasingly temperamental and erratic behavior prompts Katie to change the locks on their house, a womanizer, Harry is coincidentally also seeing Linda. Linda persuades Chad to sneak into the Coxes home to get more files from their computer, Harry finds Chad hiding in a wardrobe and shoots him. Two days later at the CIA headquarters, Palmer Smith, Osbournes former superior and they are perplexed, the material delivered to the Russians is of no importance, and the apparent motive of all the involved parties is unknown. Harry argues with Katie and leaves the house, on his way out, he spots a man who has been trailing him for the past several days. Harry tackles the man and finds out that he is a detective hired by his wife Sandy to gather evidence to divorce him. Separately, it is revealed that Sandy is having an affair of her own, Harry is devastated and goes to see an agitated Linda, who confides to Harry that Chad is missing. Harry agrees to help find Chad, Linda returns to the Russian embassy to find Chad. The Russians have dismissed the CD contents as drivel, and escort Linda off the embassy grounds and she turns to Ted Treffon, the kindhearted manager of Hardbodies, who has unrequited feelings for her. Against his better judgement, Ted agrees to go to the Coxes home to search Osbournes computer, Harry and Linda meet in a park where Harry sees a man looking at Linda and asks her if she knows him. Linda denies knowing the man, which makes Harry suspicious, when Linda reveals the address where Chad disappeared, Harry realizes that Chad is the man he shot. Convinced that Linda is a spy and that everyone in the park is surveilling him, he panics, Osbourne becomes unhinged when he finds out that Katie has emptied his bank accounts and decides to break into the house to get his alcohol and personal belongings
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Hail, Caesar!
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Hail, Caesar. is a 2016 comedy film written, produced, edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film stars Josh Brolin, George Clooney, Alden Ehrenreich, Ralph Fiennes, Jonah Hill, Scarlett Johansson, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton and Channing Tatum. First revealed in 2004, the film was set to take place in the 1920s. The Coens shelved the idea until late 2013, when they stated it was in development, principal photography began in November 2014 in Los Angeles, California. The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 1,2016, grossed $63 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics, although audiences were less enthusiastic. The film was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2016 and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Production Design. In 1951, Eddie Mannix is the head of production at Capitol Pictures. He often has to fend off inquiries from Thora and Thessaly Thacker, twin sisters, the Lockheed Corporation has been courting him with an offer of a high-level executive position, but he is unsure about taking it. When unmarried synchronised swimming actress DeeAnna Moran becomes pregnant, Mannix arranges for her to put the baby in foster care, the studios major production is Hail, Caesar. A Tale of the Christ, an set in ancient Roman times. During a shot, Whitlock drinks from a goblet of wine that was drugged by an extra, a ransom note soon arrives, written by a group calling itself The Future, demanding $100,000. Mannix arranges to get the money from the studios Accounting Department, Whitlock awakens in a beach house and finds his way into a meeting of The Future, a Communist cell. The members, who introduce themselves as writers in the motion picture industry, explain their doctrine to him. At the same time, Thora threatens Mannix by stating she will release an article about a scandal involving the earlier film On Wings As Eagles, which gave Whitlock his break-out role. Mannix successfully negotiates for her to postpone the story by a day in exchange for information about the life of singing Western film star Hobie Doyle. Doyle is cast in a period drama helmed by posh director Laurence Laurentz in an attempt by the studio to broaden his appeal. After Doyles initial performance is hopelessly incompetent, Laurentz visits Mannix, Mannix informs Laurentz that Doyles role is non-negotiable and convinces him to coach the young actor to give a better performance. Doyle comes to Mannixs office and admits that he feels the part is too far outside his comfort zone, Mannix reassures him that he has the needed acting abilities and tells him about Whitlocks kidnapping
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Marge Gunderson
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Marge Gunderson is a fictional character and leading protagonist in the 1996 film Fargo. The character is portrayed by Frances McDormand and created by Joel Coen, McDormand received critical acclaim for her performance as Marge, earning her an Academy Award for Best Actress. Marge Gunderson is the chief of police in Brainerd, Minnesota, in the film, set during the winter of 1987, Marge is seven months pregnant. She is married to her husband, Norm, a wildlife artist. McDormand portrays Marge in a stereotypical Minnesota nice fashion and she is very friendly towards the people she meets, even while shes interrogating suspects. She is also very intelligent when it comes to her police work, aside from her job, Marge is a very loving wife towards Norm by being very proud and supportive of his artwork, giving him positive encouragement even when he doubts his own skills. Despite being the leading protagonist, Marge Gunderson doesnt appear in Fargo until 33 minutes into the film, while in Minneapolis, Marge reconnects with former classmate, Mike Yanagita. Mike tells her that he was married to a classmate of theirs who died and tries to seduce her. Reflecting on Yanagitas treachery and lies, Marge returns to the car dealership and re-questions Lundegaard, when she asks to speak to Gustafson, Jerry panics and flees the dealership. After returning to Brainerd, Marge drives to Moose Lake, where she recognizes the car from the dead troopers description. She finds Gaear feeding the last of Carls body into a wood chipper and he tries to escape, but Gunderson shoots him in the leg and arrests him. That night, Marge and her husband, Norm, discuss Norms mallard painting, Marge is very proud of his achievement, and the two happily anticipate the birth of their child in two months time. In 1997, Edie Falco portrayed Gunderson in a television pilot for Fargo. The pilot was directed by Kathy Bates, Joel Coen and Ethan Coen wrote the role specifically for McDormand due to their previous collaborations and due to the fact that McDormand was married to Joel Coen. McDormand stated that she modeled the character of Marge after her sister, Dorothy. During filming, McDormand was hesitant about the openness of Marge, in an interview and that may have just been some insecurity, a need for feedback in terms of whether or not she was making the character real, as opposed to a caricature. But everything she did was grounded in reality and she had no need to worry, in 2003, the American Film Institute named Gunderson the 33rd greatest hero in film history. In 2010, Entertainment Weekly named Gunderson one of the greatest fictional characters of the last twenty years, for her performance, McDormand won an Academy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award
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Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
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Mississippi Burning
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Mississippi Burning is a 1988 American crime thriller film directed by Alan Parker, and written by Chris Gerolmo. It is loosely based on the FBIs investigation into the murders of three civil rights workers in the state of Mississippi in 1964. Set in fictional Jessup County, Mississippi, the film stars Gene Hackman, the investigation is met with hostility and backlash by the towns residents, local police and the Ku Klux Klan. He and producer Frederick Zollo brought the script to Orion Pictures, Parker and Gerolmo, however, had disagreements over the script, which resulted in Orion allowing the director to make uncredited rewrites. On a budget of $15 million, the principal photography commenced in March 1988 and concluded in May of that year, filming locations included a number of locales in Mississippi. Mississippi Burning held its premiere at the Uptown Theatre in Washington. Orion Pictures released the film using a technique which involved opening it in select cities to generate strong word-of-mouth interest. Critical reaction towards the film was mixed, though the performances of Hackman, Dafoe, Mississippi Burning was a modest box office success, grossing $34.6 million during its domestic theatrical run. In 1964, three civil workers who organize a voter registry for minorities in Jessup County, Mississippi go missing. The Federal Bureau of Investigation sends two agents, Rupert Anderson—a former Mississippi sheriff—and Alan Ward, to investigate. The pair find it difficult to conduct interviews with the townspeople, as Sheriff Ray Stuckey. The wife of Deputy Sheriff Clinton Pell reveals to Anderson in a conversation that the three missing men have been murdered. Their bodies are found buried in an earthen dam. Stuckey deduces Mrs Pells confession to the FBI and informs Pell, Anderson and Ward devise a plan to indict members of the Klan for the murders. They arrange a kidnapping of Mayor Tilman, taking him to a remote shack, there, he is left with a black man, who threatens to castrate him unless he talks. The abductor is an FBI operative assigned to intimidate Tilman, who gives him a description of the killings. Although his statement is not admissible in court due to coercion, Anderson and Ward exploit the new information to concoct a plan, luring identified KKK collaborators to a bogus meeting. The Klan members soon realize it is a set-up and leave without discussing the murders, the FBI then concentrate on Lester Cowens, a Klansman of interest, who exhibits a nervous demeanor which the agents believe might yield a confession
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Almost Famous
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Almost Famous is a 2000 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Billy Crudup, Kate Hudson and Patrick Fugit. The film is semi-autobiographical, as Crowe himself was a writer for Rolling Stone. The film is based on Crowes experiences touring with rock bands Poco, The Allman Brothers Band, Led Zeppelin, the Eagles, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Crowe has discussed how during this period he lost his virginity, fell in love, and met his heroes—experiences that are shared by William Miller, the boyish main character of the film. Although a box office bomb, the film received acclaim from critics. It was also awarded the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Roger Ebert hailed it the best film of the year, and also the 9th best film of the 2000s. It also won two Golden Globes, for Best Picture and Kate Hudson won Best Supporting Actress, in 1969, child prodigy William Miller struggles to fit in with the world. His widowed mother Elaine has led him to believe he is 12 years old, until Williams older sister, Anita and his age is actually 11, his mother had him start first grade at 5 years old and then he skipped 5th grade. Their mother strictly controls and protects him and his older sister Anita, forbidding rock music and other unwelcome influences, driving Anita to leave home and become a flight attendant. In 1973, 15-year-old William, influenced by the rock left by his sister, aspires to be a rock journalist. Rock journalist Lester Bangs, impressed with his writing, gives him a $35 assignment to review a Black Sabbath concert and he cant get backstage, but opening band Stillwater arrives, and after he flatters them with critical praise they bring him along. Lead guitarist Russell Hammond takes a liking to him, partly because of Williams new friendship with veteran groupie Penny Lane, feigning retirement from her glory days, she takes William under her wing. William is contacted by Ben Fong-Torres, editor of Rolling Stone and he convinces Ben to let him write about Stillwater, and he is instructed to go on the road with them. Tensions between Russell and lead singer Jeff Bebe are evident, William begins to interview the members of the band, but Russell repeatedly puts it off. Penny watches the interaction and sympathizes with William, whom they call the enemy because hes a journalist. The band experiences problems with promoters and venues on the tour, and hires Dennis, Penny is told she must leave them before New York, where Russells ex-wife/girlfriend Leslie will join them. Stillwater loses Pennys three protégé groupies to another band in a game, she acts nonchalant but is devastated. Also, Dennis has chartered a plane to allow them to play more gigs than their tour bus does, and there is no room on it for Penny
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