Francesco I de' Medici
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Francesco I was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. He was a member of the House of Medici.
Portrait by Alessandro Allori, c. 1580-1585
Francesco I of Tuscany as a young boy, painted by Bronzino.
The "Apennine Colossus" in its niche
Francesco as a young man in a painting attributed to Alessandro Allori.
Ferdinando I de' Medici
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Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I. He expanded the culture of Tuscany, which included presentin
Francesco I de' Medici
…Although the original death certificates mention malaria, it has been widely speculated that the couple was poisoned, possibly by Francesco's brother Ferdinando. While some early forensic research supported the latter theory, forensic evidence from a study in 2010 found the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which…
Ferdinando in 1590
Ferdinando I de' Medici as Cardinal (1562 to 1589).
Evangelium Sanctum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi in Arabic, 1590, with Arabic types of Robert Granjon, Typographia Medicea, Rome.
Pietro Tacca's Monumento dei Quattro Mori (Monument of the Four Moors) in Leghorn, showing Ferdinando holding the baton of a field marshal standing victorious above chained Moorish captives. (1623)