1.
Neuilly-sur-Seine
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Neuilly-sur-Seine is a French commune just west of Paris, in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. A suburb of Paris, Neuilly is immediately adjacent to the city, the area is composed of mostly wealthy, select residential neighbourhoods, and many corporate headquarters are located there. Originally, Neuilly was a hamlet under the jurisdiction of Villiers. In 1224 another charter of Saint-Denis recorded the name as Lugniacum, in a sales contract dated 1266 the name was also recorded as Luingni. In 1316, however, in a ruling of the parlement of Paris, the name was recorded as Nully, in a document dated 1376 the name was again recorded as Nulliacum. Then in the centuries the name recorded alternated between Luny and Nully, and it is only after 1648 that the name was definitely set as Nully. The name spelt Neuilly after the French Academy standard of pronunciation of the ill as a y, various explanations and etymologies have been proposed to explain these discrepancies in the names of Neuilly recorded over the centuries. The original name of Neuilly may have been Lulliacum or Lugniacum, some interpret Lulliacum or Lugniacum as meaning estate of Lullius, probably a Gallo-Roman landowner. This interpretation is based on the many placenames of France made up of the names of Gallo-Roman landowners and these researchers contend that it is only after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions that the area of Neuilly was deforested and settled. Thus, they think that the name Lulliacum or Lugniacum comes from the ancient Germanic word lund meaning forest, akin to Old Norse lundr meaning grove, however, this interesting theory fails to explain why the d of lund is missing in Lulliacum or Lugniacum. Or perhaps the consonants were simply inverted under the influence of the settlements of France called Neuilly. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes, on that occasion, a part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was annexed by the city of Paris, and forms now the neighbourhood of Ternes, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. On 11 January 1867, part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Clichy to create the commune of Levallois-Perret. On 2 May 1897, the name officially became Neuilly-sur-Seine. However, most people continue to refer to Neuilly-sur-Seine as simply Neuilly, during the 1900 Summer Olympics, it hosted the basque pelota events. The American Hospital of Paris was founded in 1906, in 1919, the Treaty of Neuilly was signed with Bulgaria in Neuilly-sur-Seine to conclude its role in World War I. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne, which was divided between the communes of Neuilly-sur-Seine and Boulogne-Billancourt, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris. It was the site of the Château de Neuilly, an important royal residence during the July Monarchy, Neuilly-sur-Seine is served by three stations on Paris Métro Line 1, Porte Maillot, Les Sablons and Pont de Neuilly
Neuilly-sur-Seine
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Town hall
Neuilly-sur-Seine
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Collège et Lycée Pasteur
Neuilly-sur-Seine
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Liceo Español Luis Buñuel
2.
Hauts-de-Seine
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Hauts-de-Seine is a department of France. It is part of the Métropole du Grand Paris and of the Île-de-France region and it is small and densely populated and contains the modern office, theatre, and shopping complex known as La Défense. Its creation reflected the implementation of a law passed in 1964, in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Hauts-de-Seine received national attention as the result of a corruption scandal concerning the misuse of public funds provided for the departments housing projects. Implicated were former minister and former President of the council of the Hauts-de-Seine, Charles Pasqua. Hauts-de-Seine is Frances second wealthiest département and one of Europes richest areas and its GDP per capita was €62,374 in 2003, according to INSEE official figures. Hauts-de-Seine is the base of Nicolas Sarkozy, President of the Republic from 2007 to 2012. He was previously the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine in the department, Charles Pasqua was also based in Hauts-de-Seine. Website of the General council Prefecture website
Hauts-de-Seine
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La Défense, the business district of
Paris
Hauts-de-Seine
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Location of Hauts-de-Seine in France
Hauts-de-Seine
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Empress Joséphine 's bedroom at the
Château de Malmaison
Hauts-de-Seine
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Paris seen from the
Parc de Saint-Cloud
3.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
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One of the
Lascaux paintings: a horse –
Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
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Flag
France
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The
Maison Carrée was a temple of the
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day
Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the
Roman Empire.
France
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With
Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
Frankish monarchy,
elective and
secular until then, became
hereditary and of
divine right.
4.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
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American director
Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker
Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
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The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a
costume drama on location in
London.
Film director
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Director
Pedro Almodóvar and actress
Penélope Cruz
Film director
–
Fritz Lang directing a movie
5.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
Screenwriter
–
A page of a screenplay
6.
Film producer
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Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
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George Lucas is known for producing the
Star Wars and
Indiana Jones movies.
7.
Theater
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The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence, the specific place of the performance is also named by the word theatre as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον, itself from θεάομαι. Modern theatre, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musical theatre, there are connections between theatre and the art forms of ballet, opera and various other forms. The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated, participation in the city-states many festivals—and mandatory attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member in particular—was an important part of citizenship. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism and theatre architecture, Actors were either amateur or at best semi-professional. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play, the origins of theatre in ancient Greece, according to Aristotle, the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. The performances were given in semi-circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10, the stage consisted of a dancing floor, dressing room and scene-building area. Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics, the actors wore masks appropriate to the characters they represented, and each might play several parts. Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the culture of the city-state. Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, no tragedies from the 6th century BCE and only 32 of the more than a thousand that were performed in during the 5th century BCE have survived. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the origins of tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE it was institution alised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysus. As contestants in the City Dionysias competition playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays, the performance of tragedies at the City Dionysia may have begun as early as 534 BCE, official records begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. More than 130 years later, the philosopher Aristotle analysed 5th-century Athenian tragedy in the oldest surviving work of dramatic theory—his Poetics, Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. New Comedy is known primarily from the papyrus fragments of Menander. Aristotle defined comedy as a representation of people that involves some kind of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. In addition to the categories of comedy and tragedy at the City Dionysia, finding its origins in rural, agricultural rituals dedicated to Dionysus, the satyr play eventually found its way to Athens in its most well-known form. Satyrs themselves were tied to the god Dionysus as his loyal companions, often engaging in drunken revelry
Theater
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Sarah Bernhardt as
Hamlet, in 1899
Theater
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A master (right) and his slave (left) in a
Greek phlyax play, circa 350/340 BCE
Theater
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Mosaic depicting masked actors in a play: two women consult a "witch"
Theater
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Performer playing
Sugriva in the
Koodiyattam form of
Sanskrit theatre.
8.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
–
31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
–
81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
9.
La Cage aux Folles (film)
–
La Cage aux Folles is a 1978 Franco-Italian comedy film and the first film adaptation of Jean Poirets 1973 play of the same name. It is co-written and directed by Édouard Molinaro and stars Ugo Tognazzi, foreign film released in the United States of America. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 100% rating based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 7. 8/10. The film was followed by two sequels, La Cage aux Folles II, also directed by Molinaro, and La Cage aux folles 3 - Elles se marient, a 1983 Broadway musical of the same name based on the play and the film was also successful. In 1996, an American remake titled The Birdcage, directed by Mike Nichols and written by Elaine May, was released, relocated to South Beach, Miami, and stars Robin Williams and Nathan Lane. La Cage aux Folles caught the attention of television producer Danny Arnold and his planned title was Adam and Yves, a play on both Adam and Eve and a slogan used by some anti-gay groups. After months in development, Arnold realized that the concept was unsustainable as a weekly series, the Prime Time Closet, A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV. La Cage aux Folles at the Internet Movie Database La Cage aux Folles at Box Office Mojo La Cage aux Folles at Rotten Tomatoes
La Cage aux Folles (film)
–
French release poster
10.
Playwright
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A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes plays. The term is not a variant spelling of playwrite, but something quite distinct, hence the prefix and the suffix combine to indicate someone who has wrought words, themes, and other elements into a dramatic form - someone who crafts plays. The homophone with write is in this case entirely coincidental, the term playwright appears to have been coined by Ben Jonson in his Epigram 49, To Playwright, as an insult, to suggest a mere tradesman fashioning works for the theatre. Jonson described himself as a poet, not a playwright, since plays during that time were written in meter and this view was held as late as the early 19th century. The term playwright later lost this negative connotation, the earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks. These early plays were written for annual Athenian competitions among playwrights held around the 5th century BC, such notables as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes established forms still relied on by their modern counterparts. For the ancient Greeks, playwriting involved poïesis, the act of making and this is the source of the English word poet. In the 4th century BCE, Aristotle wrote his Poetics, the first play-writing manual, in this famous text, Aristotle established the principle of action or praxis as the basis for all drama. He then included a hierarchy of elements for the beginning with plot, character, thought, diction, music. The ends of drama were plot, character, and thought, the means of drama were language and music, since the myths, upon which Greek tragedy were based, were widely known, plot had to do with the arrangement and selection of existing material. Character was equated with choice as rather than psychology, so that character was determined by action, in tragedy, the notion of ethical choice determined the character of the individual. Thought had more to do and the imitation of an action that is serious, thus, he developed his notion of hamartia, or tragic flaw, an error in judgment by the main character or protagonist. It provides the basis for the play, a term still held as the sine qua non of dramaturgy. The Poetics, while very brief and highly condensed, is studied today. Perhaps the most Aristotelian of contemporary playwrights is David Mamet, who embraces the idea of character as agent of the action, and emphasizes causality in the structure of his plays. His recently revived, Speed-the-Plow, is quintessentially Aristotelian, in that it observes the unities and builds its plot through a causal stream of discoveries and reversals. The Italian Renaissance brought about a stricter interpretation of Aristotle, as this long-lost work came to light in the late 15th century. The neoclassical ideal, which was to reach its apogee in France during the 17th century, dwelled upon the unities, of action, place, and time
Playwright
–
William Shakespeare
11.
Cinema of the United States
–
The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917-1960, while the French Lumière Brothers are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry. Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated the power of photography to capture motion. In 1894, the worlds first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City, the United States was in the forefront of sound film development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U. S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, Los Angeles, director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar. Orson Welless Citizen Kane is frequently cited in critics polls as the greatest film of all time. T, the Extra-Terrestrial, Jurassic Park, Titanic, Avatar, The Avengers, Furious 7, Jurassic World, and Star Wars, The Force Awakens. Today, American film studios collectively generate several hundred movies every year, muybridges accomplishment led inventors everywhere to attempt to make similar devices that would capture such motion. In the United States, Thomas Edison was among the first to produce such a device, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee, New Jersey was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. In New York, the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, was built during the silent film era, was used by the Marx Brothers, the Edison Studios were located in the Bronx. Chelsea, Manhattan was also frequently used, other major centers of film production also included Chicago, Florida, Texas, California, and Cuba. The film patents wars of the early 20th century led to the spread of film companies across the U. S and they started filming on a vacant lot near Georgia Street in downtown Los Angeles. While there, the decided to explore new territories, traveling several miles north to Hollywood. Griffith then filmed the first movie shot in Hollywood, In Old California, a Biograph melodrama about California in the 19th century. Griffith stayed there for months and made several films before returning to New York, after hearing about Griffiths success in Hollywood, in 1913, many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed by Thomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process. Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911, Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the eventual shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. In Los Angeles, the studios and Hollywood grew, before World War I, movies were made in several U. S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated to southern California as the industry developed
Cinema of the United States
–
The
Hollywood Sign in the Hollywood Hills has become a landmark representing the Southern California film industry.
Cinema of the United States
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Cinema of the United States
Cinema of the United States
–
The singer and actress
Carmen Miranda participated in 14 films in Hollywood from 1940 to 1953.
Cinema of the United States
–
This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2015)
12.
Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire
–
The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe is a 1972 French comedy film directed by Yves Robert, written by Francis Veber, starring Pierre Richard, Jean Rochefort, Bernard Blier and Mireille Darc. The films sequel, Le Retour du Grand Blond, was released in 1974, the film was remade in English as The Man with One Red Shoe. Bernard Milan, the second-in-command of Frances Counter-Espionage department, is out to discredit his chief Louis Toulouse so that he can supplant him, however, Toulouse secretly instructs Perrache to choose someone at random from the crowd of travelers arriving at that time. Milan takes the bait and immediately begins a series of attempts to find out what Perrin knows—never ever realizing the fact that Perrin knows nothing at all about espionage. All the time, Toulouse and Perrache watch the chaos serenely, a slapstick love scene ensues, concluding with Milans decision to have Perrin eliminated. Realizing how he has been fooled, Milan dies with a smile of appreciation, maurice, who has repeatedly walked in on the aftermaths of the shoot-outs in Perrins apartment, suffers a total mental breakdown. The film ends as it began, at Orly airport, Perrin pushes a huge Louis Vuitton steamer trunk in an airport luggage cart, talking softly to Christine, who is hidden inside. Toulouse, who has been watching Perrins departure on a monitor, instructs Perrache to contact Perrin when Perrin returns, remarking After all, the film won the Silver Bear award at the 23rd Berlin International Film Festival in 1973. It was nominated as Best Foreign Film at the National Board of Review
Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire
–
Le Grand Blond avec une chaussure noire
13.
The Man with One Red Shoe
–
The Man With One Red Shoe is a 1985 American comedy film directed by Stan Dragoti and starring Tom Hanks and Dabney Coleman. It is a remake of a 1972 French film Le Grand Blond avec une chaussure noire starring Pierre Richard, an agent of the United States Central Intelligence Agency is arrested in Morocco on drug-smuggling charges. The person behind the operation is CIA deputy director Burton Cooper, who hopes the resulting scandal will lead to the resignation of CIA Director Ross. Although Ross is aware of Coopers complicity, but when questioned by a special Senate committee about the arrest, the committee orders a full inquiry, and gives Ross 48 hours to present with the proper answers. Ross devises a plan for Coopers downfall, Cooper, desperate to find out who the mystery man is, sends his own agents to follow Rosss lackey, Brown. Brown goes to the airport with instructions to pick someone at random from the crowd, leading Cooper, Brown spots a man wearing mismatched shoes descending an escalator and picks him as their random target. The man is concert violinist Richard Drew, whose percussionist friend Morris played a trick on him by hiding one of pair of his shoes. This has forced Richard to wear one business shoe and one red sneaker on his flight home, Cooper takes the bait and starts tracking Richard, who proves to be carrying on his own intrigues. Richard is completely oblivious to the intelligence operations centered on him and he has been having an affair with Morris flutist wife Paula, who plays in the same symphony orchestra with Richard and Morris. The affair was brought on by Morris immaturity and his obsession with playing practical jokes on people, after eluding them at the airport, Richard is bumped into by Maddy, one of Coopers operatives, who steals his wallet. After damaging his tooth with a bag of gag peanuts given to him by Morris, while talking on the phone with Morris, Cooper, who has tapped his phone, learns that they are to meet with the Senators. Cooper thinks it is an inquiry with the Senate, but it turns out to be the name of the softball team for which Richard. They learn Richard has traveled the world, including several Communist countries, Cooper thinks this is the perfect cover for a spy, and starts digging deeper. Soon, they suspect his sheet music is actually a code, hoping to learn more, he sends in Maddy to seduce Richard and find out what he knows. While Richard is playing a composition he wrote for her. Meanwhile, Morris catches glimpses of the operations of Coopers agents, Ross, meanwhile, simply sits back and watches the antics unfold. When one attempt after another fails to yield any information, Cooper orders Richard killed. Richard remains completely oblivious to the plot until Maddy decides to thwart Cooper, Cooper is arrested, while Ross is demoted and replaced by Brown as Director of the CIA
The Man with One Red Shoe
–
Theatrical release poster
14.
Buddy Buddy
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Buddy Buddy is a 1981 American comedy film directed by Billy Wilder that stars Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau. The screenplay by Wilder and I. A. L, Diamond is based on the 1973 French language film Lemmerdeur, which screenwriter Francis Veber had adapted from his play Le contrat. But Buddy Buddy Id try to ignore, at the clinic, Victor discovers Celia has fallen in love with Dr. Zuckerbrot, who is concerned her husbands suicide will reflect badly on his practice. Trabucco accidentally is injected with a tranquilizer intended for Victor, who volunteers to fulfill the contract when Trabuccos vision is impaired. After overcoming assorted complications, Victor completes his task, however, despite Victors high hopes, Trabucco has no intention of sticking together and parts ways with him following their escape. Trabucco retires to an island, where he unexpectedly is joined by his nemesis after Celia runs off with Dr. Zuckerbrots female receptionist to become a lesbian couple. Desperate to see Victor gone, Trabucco suggests to his attendant to reinstate the old custom of human sacrifices for the local volcano. Lemmerdeur, a hit in Europe, had been released as A Pain in the A-- in art houses in the United States. MGM executives had then invited Billy Wilder to rewrite and direct an American adaptation, Wilder later recalled, I hadnt been working enough, and I was anxious to get back on the horse and do what I do – write, direct. This wasnt a picture I would have chosen, even before Wilder and his screenwriting partner I. A. L. I couldnt say no to Billy, Matthau said, and I didnt want to say no to being in a Billy Wilder picture, but this wasnt a Billy Wilder picture. Principal photography began on February 4,1981, and from the start Wilder had problems with both the screenplay and casting, Wilder the writer let Wilder the director down, he stated. We had to write too fast, the script was done in three months. We always took much longer, but the wheels were rolling, two weeks into filming, the director realized, It didnt work to have two comics together. I needed someone serious like Clint Eastwood as the hit man instead of a comedian like Matthau, Lemmon already had made six films with Wilder, and he sensed a change in the directors approach to filmmaking. He seemed to be pushing harder, forcing it and it was something I couldnt put my finger on exactly. He had always been open to suggestions I had for my part, but this time, I didnt feel as welcome with my ideas, so I didnt say anything. Who am I to tell Billy Wilder what he should do, the film was a critical and commercial failure, and in later years Klaus Kinski denied being in it
Buddy Buddy
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Theatrical release poster
15.
The Birdcage
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The Birdcage is a 1996 American comedy film directed by Mike Nichols, written by Elaine May and starring Robin Williams, Gene Hackman, Nathan Lane and Dianne Wiest. Dan Futterman, Calista Flockhart, Hank Azaria, and Christine Baranski appear in supporting roles and it is a remake of the 1978 Franco-Italian film La Cage aux Folles by Édouard Molinaro starring Michel Serrault and Ugo Tognazzi. They live together in an apartment above The Birdcage with Agador, one day, Armands son Val comes home to visit and announces that he has secretly been seeing a young woman named Barbara, whom he intends to marry. Though initially unhappy with the secrecy, Armand is thrilled by the news, along with Albert, unfortunately, the couple learns that Barbaras parents are the ultraconservative Republican Senator Kevin Keeley and his wife Louise. Louise and Barbara convince Senator Keeley that a visit to his daughters fiancees family would be the way to stave off bad press. Barbara shares news of her fathers plan to Val, to cover the Goldmans alternate lifestyle, she has told her parents that Armand is a straight man and cultural attaché to Greece. Armand dislikes the idea of deception, but agrees to play along, hiring contractors to redecorate the apartment to more closely resemble a traditional household. Albert initially wants to use his skills as a drag artist to play Vals mother, but Val and Armand fear that the trick will not work, and instead convince him to pose as Vals uncle. Armand contacts Katherine and explains the situation, she agrees to the farce, promising to come to the party, Armand then tries to coach Albert on how to be straight, but Alberts flamboyant nature makes the task difficult. When Albert overhears Val and Armand discussing how he might ruin the whole charade, he takes offense, the Keeleys arrive at the Goldmans redecorated apartment, they are greeted by Agador, who is passing himself off as a Greek butler named Spartacus for the night. Unfortunately, Katherine gets caught in traffic, and the Keeleys begin wondering where Mrs. Coleman is, suddenly, Albert enters, dressed and styled as a conservative middle-aged woman. Despite the success of the evening, trouble begins when Senator Keeleys chauffeur betrays him to two tabloid journalists who have been hoping for a scoop on the Coalition story. While they research The Birdcage, they remove a note that Armand has left on the door informing Katherine not to come upstairs. When she finally arrives, she reveals the deceptions. Though Armand and Albert scramble to find a new story, Val instead confesses to the scheme. Senator Keeley is initially confused by the situation, but Louise both informs him of the truth and scolds him for being concerned with his career than his familys happiness. He agrees to the marriage, but discovers that the paparazzi are waiting outside to take his picture and they all dance out of the nightclub door and reach safety, preventing a disaster. The film concludes at Barbara and Vals interfaith wedding, which families, including Katherine and Agador, attend
The Birdcage
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Theatrical release poster
16.
The Toy (1982 film)
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It is an adaptation of the 1976 French film Le Jouet. Jack Brown is a married, unemployed man in Baton Rouge, Brown is humiliated as he clumsily attempts to serve food at a luncheon. He is fired from that gig by Bates, but Master Eric Bates, amused at seeing Jack goof around in the stores toy section, Eric informs his fathers long-suffering right-hand man, Sydney Morehouse, that what he wants is Jack himself. Morehouse fails to convince Eric that human beings cannot be owned, in exchange for a generous financial settlement to stave off repossession, Jack agrees to be Erics live-in friend during Erics one-week spring break from military school. Emotionally estranged from his father, Eric takes a liking to Jack and he agrees to return only when Bates offers Jack so much money that he can retire the full mortgage. Jack returns, determined to teach Eric how a friend is supposed to be treated and they bond while participating in mini-cart racing, video games, and fishing. The pair decide to start a newspaper of their own, after witnessing multiple examples of Bates cruelty to his employees, they dig up dirt on him, such as a story of how he won his butler, Barkley, in a game of billiards. They publish their paper and distribute it throughout the city, when Morehouse finds a copy and presents it to his boss, Bates is outraged, but keeps his anger in check and calls Jack and Eric for a private meeting at his office. To prove to his son that money can buy loyalty, he offers Jack a reporting job with his newspaper in exchange for shutting their newspaper down, when he accepts, Eric is upset because he thinks Jack is selling out. Jack tells Eric that most men need jobs, just as his priority is to support himself, an outdoor party is later held at the Bates estate, attended by prominent citizens who are supporters of a senator. They are unaware that members of the KKK are also in attendance, Jacks wife, Angela, tries to bring attention to this with her anti-Klan group, but Jack convinces her to leave. He learns the reason for the party is to get the KKK Grand Wizard and the senator together in a picture. Jack and Eric team up to disrupt the party, Jack embarrasses the Grand Wizard by causing him to fall into a bowl of chocolate fudge. The Grand Wizard throws a pie at Jack, but hits a policeman instead, Bates chases after Jack in a golf cart but ends up crashing into the pool. Jack saves him from drowning and Bates thanks him, Bates says Jacks toy job is over and he may go home. The next day, while driving Eric to the airport to return to military school, Eric runs off to Jacks house. Jack refuses to let Eric live with him and gently admonishes the boy to give his father a chance, Bates arrives and confesses to his son how much he truly does love him and Eric finally accepts it and the two embrace. Richard Pryor as Jack Brown Jackie Gleason as Ulysses U. S, the film was shot on locations in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
The Toy (1982 film)
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Theatrical release poster
17.
Pure Luck
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Pure Luck is a 1991 American comedy film starring Martin Short and Danny Glover. It is remake of the popular French comedy film La Chèvre, the film opens as the klutzy Valerie Highsmith arrives at an airport in Puerto Vallarta. She calls her father, a businessman, to let him know that she has arrived. While she is on the phone, she leans on the railing of her balcony. Soon after, an encounter with some street thieves knocks her unconscious and she loses her memory, then a local criminal named Frank Grimes spirits Valerie away from her hotel. A psychologist named Monosoff, knowing that Valerie has ultra bad luck, persuades her father to one of his employees, Eugene Proctor. Perhaps he will be lucky, and his bad luck could help to find the unlucky girl, Eugene is partnered with Raymond Campanella, a hardnosed investigator, who bristles at Eugenes every move. As they travel to Mexico together, they endure one mishap after another, from damaged luggage, eventually, they are told by the local police that Valerie was last seen with Frank Grimes. Eugene thinks that he can press a local prostitute for information, Raymond tracks the prostitute down at a gambling club and confronts several men at gunpoint to retrieve Eugenes money. Neither of them realizes that Frank Grimes is seated at the table, until after they drive away, Raymond and Eugene return to the club and abduct Grimes to find out where Valerie is. He confesses that Valeries extreme clumsiness required him to going to hospitals with her. He could no longer afford to keep her hostage, so, Grimes turned Valerie over to a man named Fernando. Before Grimes can take them to Valerie, he is killed in a drive-by shooting, the police arrest Raymond and Eugene by mistake. After a short stint in jail, they find out that Grimes had put Valerie on a plane to Mexico City which never arrived and they charter a plane to look for Valeries wreckage, hoping that she might have survived. During the flight, Euguene is stung by a bee and swells to an enormous size, as he recovers at a field hospital, he talks to a local man who tells about a strange woman who wandered into their village one day. She was so grateful for being taken in by the villagers that she offered to them all breakfast in the morning. Musing that she might be Valerie, Raymond shows the man her picture, Raymond and Eugene head towards the burned village in search of Valerie. Eugene nearly drives them off a cliff, after barely escaping, Raymond has had enough of Eugenes dreadful luck
Pure Luck
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Theatrical Release Poster
18.
Les Fugitifs
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Les Fugitifs is a French 1986 comedy film, directed by Francis Veber. It was remade in 1989 as Three Fugitives, also directed by Veber, after five years, Jean Lucas, is released from prison. However, Police commissioner Duroc doesnt believe Jean is a hostage, François follows, and ends up taking him to Dr. Martin, a senile veterinarian friend of his late father, to treat his bullet wound. Not wanting to leave his daughter, he asks for Jeans help to get him a new identity so that he can escape the country, reluctantly, Jean contacts his old friend Labib, asking him to hook François up with a fake ID. However, upon the meeting, Labib informs François that his price for a new passport has now changed from 2,500 Francs to 500,000, however, François only made away with 84,000 Francs from the robbery. Upon learning of the truth, Labib calls Jean, threatening to take François to the police if Jean doesnt get him 500,000 Francs in 24 hours, Jean steals a van and crashes into Labibs bar, rescuing François. François then writes a confession for Jean to present to the police. Jean suggests François to turn himself in, for he could get away with just one year in prison, however, just as he prepares to leave, Jeanne, who has come to care for Jean, asks him to stay, breaking out of her catatony. When Jean refuses, Jeanne runs off, Jean meets up with Duroc and presents him the written confession, and is vindicated. He takes a job as a locksmith, and goes to visit Jeanne in the orphanage, where she has relapsed into catatony, now even refusing to eat and speaking to him, and is being guarded by the police. Later that night, as François attempts to break the lock to break Jeanne out of the orphanage, Jean and François escape from the orphanage with Jeanne, who has gone sick from lack of food. However, Jean gets a new client in the middle of the night - an intoxicated doctor, after the doctor examines her, he discovers a very low blood pressure on her, and gives her a pill of tonicardiaque, and advises the men to feed her normally. Jean and François break into a house for whom Jean just changed the locks, and they leave for a cross-country road trip in a stolen Renault 25, and encounter a police roadblock. To get past, Jean lies to the policeman that his wife is pregnant, the policeman in charge assigns for two motorcycle cops to escort them to the hospital, but dont leave until the orderlies arrive to ferry François inside. However, as soon as they are gone, François jumps up from the stretcher and runs for the car, when François and Jeanne leave, Jean watches from distance. However, after seeing François nearly trip on the dress hes wearing as a disguise, pierre Richard as François Pignon Gérard Depardieu as Jean Lucas Anaïs Bret as Jeanne Pignon Jean Carmet as Dr. Les Fugitifs at the Internet Movie Database
Les Fugitifs
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Les Fugitifs
19.
Three Fugitives
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It is a remake of Les Fugitifs, a 1986 French comedy starring Gérard Depardieu and Pierre Richard also directed by Veber. The movie was popular at the box office, grossing more than $64 million against a budget of $15 million, Lucas has been in prison for armed robbery. On the day he is released, he gets taken hostage by Ned Perry, detective Duggan assumes they must be in it together and sets about tracking them down. Several chases, a shooting, treatment from a crazy vet who thinks hes a dog and other capers follow, all the while Lucas trying to ditch his idiotic companion. Whilst avoiding the law, the two form a partnership to help cure the silent Meg and make good their escape. They rescue Meg from the home shes in and flee for Canada. However, in the scene, Perry enters a Canadian bank to change some currency only to find himself taken hostage by a different bank robber in the same manner he originally kidnapped Lucas. Because of this development, Lucas does not need to say goodbye to Meg. The film received reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 14% based on 14 reviews as of May 2016, Three Fugitives at the Internet Movie Database Three Fugitives at Rotten Tomatoes Three Fugitives at Box Office Mojo
Three Fugitives
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Promotional film poster
20.
Dinner for Schmucks
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Dinner for Schmucks is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Jay Roach. The film is the American adaptation of the 1998 French comedy Le Dîner de Cons and was written by David Guion and it stars Steve Carell and Paul Rudd, who had previously teamed up in Anchorman, The Legend of Ron Burgundy and The 40-Year-Old Virgin. The film was released theatrically on July 30,2010, zach Galifianakis won the Comedy Award for Best Comedy Actor – Film for his role as Therman Murch in the film. The elaborate mouse dioramas and mouseterpieces were created by The Chiodo Brothers, Tim Conrad is a mid-level financial executive, who comes up with a way to invite wealthy Swiss businessman Martin Mueller to become a client of his firm. He learns it is more of a dinner for idiots, Tims girlfriend Julie lands a curator deal for eccentric artist Kieran Vollard and Tim unsuccessfully proposes to her. After learning of the nature of the dinner party, Julie becomes upset and asks him not to attend. Tim accidentally hits IRS employee Barry Speck with his car when Barry tries to retrieve a dead mouse in the road, witnessing Barrys bizarre behavior, Tim realizes he is the perfect loser for the dinner. Barry shows up at Tims apartment and accidentally invites over Darla, Barry decides to guard Tims apartment from Darla to make up for inviting her. When Julie arrives at his apartment, Barry mistakes her for Darla and sends her away, Barry calls Vollard and finds the number saved in the phone. While talking to him, he and Tim think they hear Julie in the background, Barry tosses Tims keys through Vollards apartment window and must break in, only to find Kieran preparing to make love to two girls dressed like animals and head back home. Barry opens the door to find Darla waiting outside, Julie calls and asks Tim if hes having an affair and Darla steals the phone and stuffs it down her pants. While Tim hides in his bedroom, Darla and Barry get into a bar-styled fight, Julie left her phone at Tims apartment and a voice message from Vollard reveals that Julie is leaving for his ranch. Barry works for the IRS and offers to take Tim to work to find Vollards ranch address, where they meet up with Barrys boss and rival, Therman Murch, who stole Barrys wife. Tim leaves the day for his brunch with the Muellers but Barry crashes. Tim is pushed into asking Darla to marry him by Barry, Tim and Barry chase Julie down to Vollards ranch, where Tim accidentally offends Barry. To his surprise, Tim found Barry already at Fenders dinner party, Barry is a hit with the group and is a shoo-in for the trophy, but unexpectedly, Therman arrives, embarrassing Barry with his mind control. Tim then tells Barry everything and, after some encouragement, gets Barry to win with brain control, before causing his boss, a guest reacts badly to the news and causes chaos in the process, with Mueller losing a finger. Tim is fired, as is Julie after Barry makes Vollard realize it would be a problem to have her working for him
Dinner for Schmucks
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Theatrical poster
21.
My Father the Hero (1994 film)
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My Father the Hero is a 1994 French-American comedy-drama starring Gérard Depardieu and Katherine Heigl. It is an English-language remake of the 1991 French film Mon père, ce héros, directed by Steve Miner, filming occurred during the summer of 1993. André, a Frenchman divorced from his wife, takes his daughter, Nicole. André is desperate to make Nicole happy and so plays along with her games. It holds a 14% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews, the film debuted at No.4 behind Ace Ventura, Pet Detective, Mrs. Doubtfire and Philadelphia. The film featured music and appearances by the Baha Men, the groups songs create the movies island soundtrack
My Father the Hero (1994 film)
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Theatrical poster
22.
Armenians
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Armenians are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands. Armenians constitute the population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide, most Armenians adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian church, which is also the worlds oldest national church. Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after Jesus death, due to the efforts of two of his apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew, in the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as a state religion. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia, the earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu as Armina (in Old Persian, Armina and Harminuya. In Greek, Αρμένιοι Armenians is attested from about the same time, xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians and it is also further postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated, Hittite vassal states—the Ḫayaša-Azzi. Movses Khorenatsi, the important early medieval Armenian historian, wrote that the word Armenian originated from the name Armenak or Aram, the Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire, Mitanni, soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria, the Nairi and the Kingdom of Urartu, who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Under Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian empire reached the Caucasus Mountains, yerevan, the modern capital of Armenia, was founded in 782 BC by king Argishti I. T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov proposed the Indo-European homeland around the Armenian Highland, eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian in the Pontic Indo-European subgroup. In Hamps view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and he assumes that they migrated from there southeast through the Caucasus with the Armenians remaining after Batumi while the pre-Greeks proceeded westwards along the southern coast of the Black Sea. However, fresh genetics studies explain Armenian diversity by several mixtures of Eurasian populations that occurred between ~3,000 and ~2,000 b. c
Armenians
Armenians
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Hayk, the legendary founder of the Armenian nation. Painting by
Mkrtum Hovnatanian (1779–1846)
Armenians
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The
Cathedral of Ani, completed in 1001
Armenians
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About 1.5 million Armenians were killed during the
Armenian Genocide in 1915–1918.
23.
Tristan Bernard
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Tristan Bernard was a French playwright, novelist, journalist and lawyer. Born Paul Bernard into a Jewish family in Besançon, Doubs, Franche-Comté, France and he left Besançon at the age of 14 years, relocating with his father to Paris, where he studied at the Lycée Condorcet, which was noted for its numerous literary alumni. In 1888 was born his son Jean-Jacques Bernard, also a dramatist and he studied law, but after his military service he started his career as the manager of an aluminium smelter. He reputedly introduced the bell to signify the last lap of a race, after his first publication in La Revue Blanche in 1891, he became increasingly a writer and adopted the pseudonym Tristan. His first play, Les Pieds Nickelés, was a success and was representative of the style of his later work. He became known especially for his writing for vaudeville-type performances, which were popular in France during that time. He also wrote novels and some poetry. Bernard is remembered mainly for witticisms, particularly from his play Les Jumeaux de Brighton, in 1932, he was a candidate for the Académie Française, but was not elected, receiving only 2 votes of a total of 39. He was interned during World War II at the Drancy deportation camp, when Gestapo agents were at his door he turned to his wife, who was crying, and said Don´t cry, we were living in fear, but from now on we will live in hope. Public protest of his imprisonment caused his release in 1943 and he died in Paris four years later, allegedly of the results of his internment, and was buried in Passy cemetery. A theater in Paris that he ran briefly as the Théâtre Tristan-Bernard in 1931 was later given the name permanently to honor him and his descendants have achieved some fame. His son Raymond Bernard became an influential French filmmaker while his son Jean-Jacques Bernard published a memoir of his father in 1955 titled Mon père Tristan Bernard, Tristan Bernards grandson Christian Bernard is the current Imperator of the Rosicrucian organization AMORC. One of his grand-nephews is Francis Veber, a screenwriter, director and playwright whose films have been frequently remade or adapted in Hollywood
Tristan Bernard
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Tristan Bernard, drawn by
Toulouse-Lautrec
Tristan Bernard
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Tristan Bernard with
Eleonora Duse,
Matilde Serao, and others, 1897. Photo by
Giuseppe Primoli.
24.
Pierre Richard
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Pierre Richard is a French actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for the roles of a clumsy daydreamer in comedy films. Richard is considered by many, such as Louis de Funès and Gérard Depardieu and he is also a film director and occasional singer. Pierre Richard was born in a Bourgeois family from Valenciennes and he is the grandson of Léopold Defays who was the director of the company Escaut-et-Meuse. His name comes from the name of Pierre Richard-Willm who was his mothers favorite actor. Pierre Richard spent his childhood and a part of his years in his native city where he was a student at the Henri-Wallon high school. Skipping classes regularly to go to the cinema, it was Danny Kaye in Up in Arms that revealed his vocation and this being received with only a moderate enthusiasm by his family, he had to learn a real profession. He then studied kinesiotherapy without renouncing acting, Pierre Richard started his career in the theater with Antoine Bourseiller and producing himself in famous cabarets from Paris, where he played his first sketches written with Victor Lanoux. He then began his career in 1968 in the film Very Happy Alexander directed by Yves Robert. In 1970, he directed his first film Le Distrait, followed by Les Malheurs dAlfred and I Dont Know Much and their partnership achieved further success in three successful comedies of the early 1980s, La Chèvre, Les Compères and Les Fugitifs, which paired Richard with Gérard Depardieu. Richard returned behind the camera to direct On peut toujours rêver, among his most famous film roles, Pierre Richard came to play different characters with the same name but without any link between them. Since 1986, Pierre Richard has also become a businessman and winemaker and he owns the restaurant Au pied de chameau in Paris and a 50-hectare vineyard which produces some 80,000 bottles a year labelled as Château Bel Évêque in Gruissan in the department of Aude. Married and divorced three times, he has two sons who are actors and musicians, Olivier is a group member of Blues trottoir and plays the saxophone whereas Christophe plays the double bass. His grandson, Arthur Defays, is a model and actor, note, Pierre Richard has played in all the films he has directed. Le petit blond dans un grand parc, cherche-Midi, ed. Comme un poisson sans eau, détournement de mémoire. Le petit blond avec un mouton blanc, Pierre Richard and Jérémie Imbert, Je sais rien mais je dirai tout. Broadcast on France 2 on 6 September 2015 and again on 31 December 2015, Official website Official web television Site of wines by Pierre Richard Pierre Richard at the Internet Movie Database
Pierre Richard
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Pierre Richard, 20 September 2010
Pierre Richard
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Pierre Richard at the
31e cérémonie des César in 2006
25.
Nick Nolte
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Nicholas King Nick Nolte is an American actor and former model. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and he went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction and Warrior. His other film appearances include The Deep,48 Hrs, down and Out in Beverly Hills, Another 48 Hrs. Everybody Wins, Cape Fear, Lorenzos Oil, The Thin Red Line, Hulk, The Good Thief, Hotel Rwanda, Tropic Thunder, A Walk in the Woods and The Ridiculous 6. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves, Nolte was born February 8,1941 in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, Franklin Arthur Nolte, was a son who ran away from home. His mother, Helen, was a department store buyer and his ancestry includes German, English, Scots-Irish, Scottish and Swiss-German. Noltes maternal grandfather, Matthew Leander King, invented the hollow-tile silo and was prominent in early aviation and his maternal grandmother ran the student union at Iowa State University. He has a sister, Nancy, who was an executive for the Red Cross. Nolte attended Kingsley Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa and he studied at Westside High School in Omaha, where he was the kicker on the football team. He also attended Benson High, but was expelled for fighting and hiding beer before practice, at Eastern Arizona, Nolte lettered in football as a tight end and defensive end in basketball with forward, and as a catcher on the baseball team. Poor grades eventually ended his studies, at which point his career in began in earnest. While in college, Nolte worked for the Falstaff Brewery in Omaha, Nolte was a model in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1992, Nolte was named the Sexiest Man Alive by People magazine, Nolte first starred in the television miniseries, Rich Man, Poor Man, based on Irwin Shaws 1970 best-selling novel. Later he appeared in forty films, playing a wide variety of characters. Diversity of character, and his athleticism, and gravelly voice are signatures of his career. In 1973, he guest-starred in the Griff episode, Who Framed Billy the Kid. as Billy Randolph, a football player accused of murder. He co-starred with Andy Griffith in Winter Kill, a film made as the pilot of a possible television series, and another one, Adams of Eagle Lake
Nick Nolte
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Nolte at the 2000
Cannes Film Festival
Nick Nolte
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Nolte as Tom Jordache in Rich Man, Poor Man
26.
Martin Short
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Martin Hayter Short CM is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. He is known for his work on the television programs SCTV, in 1999, he won a Tony Award for his lead performance in a Broadway revival of Little Me. He and his siblings were raised as Catholics and he had three older brothers, David, Michael, and Brian, and one older sister, Nora. Shorts father was a Catholic immigrant from Crossmaglen, South Armagh who came to North America as a stowaway during the Irish War of Independence, Shorts mother was of English and Irish descent. She encouraged his creative endeavours. His eldest brother, David, was killed in a car accident in Montreal and his mother died of cancer in 1968, his father two years later of complications from a stroke. Short attended Westdale Secondary School and graduated from McMaster University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work in 1971. Among other members of that productions cast were Victor Garber, Gilda Radner, Eugene Levy, Dave Thomas and he was subsequently cast in several television shows and plays, including the drama Fortune and Mens Eyes. He worked solely in Canada through 1979, in 1979, Short starred in the U. S. sitcom The Associates about a group of young novice lawyers working at a Wall Street law firm. In 1980, he joined the cast of Im a Big Girl Now, Canova was offered the sitcom because of her success playing Corinne Tate Flotsky on ABCs Soap and left Soap shortly before Shorts newlywed wife Nancy Dolman joined it. Short was encouraged to pursue comedy by McMaster classmates Eugene Levy and Dave Thomas and he came to public notice when the group produced a show for television, Second City Television or SCTV, which ran for several years in Canada, then the United States. Short appeared on SCTV in 1982–83, current-events commentator Troy Soren Industrialist and art patron Bradley P. Short joined Saturday Night Live for the 1984–85 season and he helped revive the show with his many characters for season ten. Shorts appearance on SNL helped to revive the shows fanbase, which had flagged after the departure of Eddie Murphy and his SNL characters included numerous holdovers from his SCTV days. He also did impressions of celebrities as Jerry Lewis and Katharine Hepburn. In addition to his work on SCTV and SNL, Short has starred in television specials. In 1985, Short starred in the one-hour Showtime special, Martin Short, Concert for the North Americas, in 1989, Short headlined another one-hour comedy special, this time for HBO, I, Martin Short, Goes Hollywood, Shorts classic send-up of all things Hollywood. It featured many of his characters including Ed Grimley, Jackie Rogers Jr, Short starred as Jiminy Glick on Comedy Centrals Primetime Glick
Martin Short
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Short at PaleyFest 2014
Martin Short
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Hosting
Broadway on Broadway, 2006
Martin Short
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Short's star on
Canada's Walk of Fame
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