Francs-tireurs were irregular military formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). The term was revived and used by partisans to name two major French Resistance movements set up to fight against the Nazi Germany during World War II.
Capture of a Franc-tireur, by Carl Johann Lasch
Francs-tireurs in the Vosges during the Franco-Prussian War
Francs-tireurs and Allied paratroopers during the Battle of Normandy in 1944
Irregular military is any non-standard military component that is distinct from a country's national armed forces. Being defined by exclusion, there is significant variance in what comes under the term. It can refer to the type of military organization, or to the type of tactics used. An irregular military organization is one which is not part of the regular army organization. Without standard military unit organization, various more general names are often used; such organizations may be called a troop, group, unit, column, band, or force. Irregulars are soldiers or warriors that are members of these organizations, or are members of special military units that employ irregular military tactics. This also applies to irregular infantry and irregular cavalry units.
Irregular soldiers in Beauharnois, Quebec, Lower Canada, 19th century.
A group of bashi-bazouks, Ottoman postcard
Gardner's Irregular Horse of Hindustani Mahomedans
Boer Militia