1.
Deauville American Film Festival
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The Deauville American Film Festival is a yearly film festival devoted to American cinema, taking place since 1975 in Deauville, France. It was established by Lionel Chouchan, André Halimi, and then Mayor of Deauville Michel dOrnano, although not competitive at its origin, the festival began to award prizes in 1995, for feature films, and 1998 for short films. This award was named Grand Prix spécial Deauville from 1995 to 2007,1989, Torch Song Trilogy by Paul Bogart 1990, Pump Up the Volume by Allan Moyle Tune in Tomorrow by Jon Amiel 1991, Trust by Hal Hartley Hangin with the Homeboys by Joseph B. It carries a grant of 3,000 euros for the awarded director-writer,3,000 euros for the films producer, and 10,000 euros for the French distributor to help promote the film. The award, which is named in honour of the former Mayor of Deauville and co-founder of the festival, thomas for Willy 1er The Revelation Prize is awarded by a Revelation jury composed of up-and-coming actors and filmmakers. 1996, Charlotte Rampling, Sabine Azéma, René Cleitman, Dominique Farrugia, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Chiara Mastroianni, Laura Morante, Ornella Muti, Melvil Poupaud and Alain Rocca. 1997, Sophie Marceau, Élodie Bouchez, Philippe Carcassonne, Étienne Chatiliez, Alain Finkielkraut, John Hurt, Michèle Laroque, Inés Sastre, Nathalie Quintane and Lambert Wilson. 1998, Jean-Paul Rappeneau, Michèle Halberstadt, Sandrine Kiberlain, Virginie Ledoyen, Russell Banks, Maurice Bernart, Alessandro Gassman, Ewan McGregor, Liam Neeson, Éric Serra and Christian Vincent. 1999, Régis Wargnier, Jean-Hugues Anglade, Humbert Balsan, Richard Berry, Gabriel Byrne, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Marie Gillain, Michel Houellebecq, Marie-France Pisier and Elsa Zylberstein. 2000, Neil Jordan, Guillaume Canet, Clotilde Courau, Tchéky Karyo, Philippe Labro, Samuel Le Bihan, François Ozon, Vincent Perez, Danièle Thompson and Marie Trintignant. 2001, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Sandrine Bonnaire, Marion Cotillard, Arielle Dombasle, Gérard Darmon, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Darius Khondji, Benoît Poelvoorde and Gabriel Yared. 2002, Pierre Lescure, Chantal Akerman, Richard Anconina, Jean-Marc Barr, Charles Berling, Amira Casar, Julie Gayet, Irène Jacob, Cédric Kahn and Bruno Wolkowitch. 2003, Roman Polanski, Claudia Cardinale, Pawel Edelman, Jacques Fieschi, Ben Kingsley, Anne Parillaud, Zbigniew Preisner, Ludivine Sagnier, Fernando Trueba and Tom Tykwer. 2004, Claude Lelouch, Anouk Aimée, Marie-Josée Croze, Danièle Heymann, Diane Kurys, Jeanne Labrune, Lio, Claudie Ossard, Bettina Rheims and Mathilde Seigner. 2005, Alain Corneau, Enki Bilal, Dominique Blanc, Romane Bohringer, Rachida Brakni, Christophe, Dominik Moll, Melvil Poupaud and Brigitte Roüan. 2006, Nicole Garcia, Maurice Barthélémy, Guillaume Canet, Amira Casar, Emmanuelle Castro, Antoine de Caunes, Julien Clerc, Philippe Djian and Marthe Keller. 2007, André Téchiné, Odile Barski, Xavier Beauvois, Nicolas Cazalé, Charlélie Couture, Émilie Deleuze, Anouk Grinberg,2008, Carole Bouquet, Édouard Baer, Ronit Elkabetz, Diane Fleri, Pierre Jolivet, Cédric Kahn, Cristian Mungiu, Leonor Silveira and Dean Tavoularis. 2009, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Hiam Abbass, Dany Boon, Jean-Loup Dabadie, Émilie Dequenne, Déborah François, Sandrine Kiberlain, Patrice Leconte, Géraldine Pailhas and Bruno Podalydès
Deauville American Film Festival
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Sharon Stone at the Deauville American Film Festival in 1991
Deauville American Film Festival
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George Clooney (2007)
2.
Bayonne, New Jersey
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Bayonne /beɪˈjoʊn/ bay-OHN is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Located in the Gateway Region, Bayonne is situated on a peninsula located between Newark Bay to the west, the Kill Van Kull to the south, and New York Bay to the east. Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1,1861, Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10,1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to the results of a referendum held nine days later. At the time it was formed, Bayonne included the communities of Bergen Point, Constable Hook, Centreville, Pamrapo, Bayonne is east of Newark, the states largest city, north of Elizabeth in Union County and west of Brooklyn. It shares a border with Jersey City to the north and is connected to Staten Island by the Bayonne Bridge. Originally inhabited by Native Americans, the presently known as Bayonne was claimed by the Netherlands after Henry Hudson explored the Hudson River which is named after him. However, there is no evidence for this notion, which is considered apocryphal. Whitcomb gives more credence to the idea that Erastus Randall, E. C. Bramhall, four striking workers were killed when strikebreakers protected by police fired into a crowd. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 11.082 square miles. The city is located south of Jersey City on a peninsula known as Bergen Neck surrounded by Upper New York Bay to the east, Newark Bay to the west. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include, Bergen Point, Constable Hook, as of the census of 2010, there were 63,024 people,25,237 households, and 16,051 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,858.3 per square mile, there were 27,799 housing units at an average density of 4,789.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 69. 21% White,8. 86% Black or African American,0. 31% Native American,7. 71% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,10. 00% from other races, and 3. 88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25. 79% of the population, non-Hispanic Whites were 56. 8% of the population. 31. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.16. In the city, the population was out with 22. 5% under the age of 18,8. 9% from 18 to 24,28. 1% from 25 to 44,27. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38.4 years, for every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 87.9 males, the U. S. Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $53,587 and the median family income was $66,077
Bayonne, New Jersey
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The
Bayonne Bridge in June 2008
Bayonne, New Jersey
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City Hall
Bayonne, New Jersey
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View of Manhattan from Bayonne, 1974
Bayonne, New Jersey
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View of
Lower Manhattan from Bayonne, September 11, 2014
3.
Whoopi Goldberg
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Caryn Elaine Johnson, known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg, is an American actress, comedian, author and television host. She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who has won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. She was the black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar. In the period drama film The Color Purple, her role was playing Celie. In the romantic fantasy film Ghost, Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown, in 1992, she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act. From 1998 to 2002, she was co-producer of the game show Hollywood Squares. Since 2007, she has been the moderator of the television talk show The View. Caryn Elaine Johnson was born in Manhattan, New York City on November 13,1955, the daughter of Robert James Johnson, Jr. a clergyman, and Emma Johnson and she was raised in the Chelsea-Elliot Houses. Goldberg has described her mother as a stern, strong, and wise woman who raised her as a mother with her brother Clyde. She went to a local Catholic school, St Columbas when she was younger and her more recent forebears migrated north from Faceville, Georgia, Palatka, Florida, and Virginia. She dropped out of Washington Irving High School and she has stated that her stage forename was taken from a whoopee cushion, If you get a little gassy, youve got to let it go. So people used to say to me, Youre like a whoopee cushion, and thats where the name came from. According to the Jewish Chronicle, one suggests that her mother thought that the familys original surname was not Jewish enough for her daughter to become a star. According to an anecdote told by Nichelle Nichols in Trekkies, a young Goldberg was watching Star Trek, theres a black lady on TV and she aint no maid. This spawned lifelong fandom of Star Trek for Goldberg, who would ask for and receive a recurring guest-starring role on Star Trek. Between 1979 and 1981, she lived in East Germany, working in a number of theater productions, during her travels, she would smuggle various items into the country for the artists she stayed with. Goldberg trained under acting teacher Uta Hagen at the HB Studio in New York City and she first appeared onscreen in 1982 in Citizen, Im Not Losing My Mind, Im Giving It Away, an avant-garde ensemble feature by San Francisco filmmaker William Farley. Goldberg created The Spook Show, a show composed of different character monologues in 1983
Whoopi Goldberg
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Goldberg in 2008.
Whoopi Goldberg
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Goldberg at the
1992 Cannes Film Festival
Whoopi Goldberg
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Goldberg at
Comic Relief in 2006
Whoopi Goldberg
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The View's panel (left–right Whoopi Goldberg,
Barbara Walters,
Joy Behar,
Sherri Shepherd and
Elisabeth Hasselbeck) interview
Barack Obama on July 29, 2010
4.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
Tony Award
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Designed by
Herman Rosse, 1949
Tony Award
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Former logo
5.
Richard Nixon
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Richard Milhous Nixon was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he became the only U. S. president to resign from office. He had previously served as a U. S, Representative and Senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California, after completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government and he subsequently served on active duty in the U. S. Navy Reserve during World War II. Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 and his pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president and he waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962. In 1968, he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home, and ended the military draft. His administration generally transferred power from Washington D. C. to the states and he imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days, enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency. Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing, which signaled the end of the moon race and he was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U. S. history in 1972, when he defeated George McGovern. The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo, gasoline rationing, the scandal escalated, costing Nixon much of his political support, and on August 9,1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office. After his resignation, he was issued a pardon by his successor, in retirement, Nixons work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image. He suffered a stroke on April 18,1994. Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9,1913 in Yorba Linda, California and his parents were Hannah Nixon and Francis A. Nixon. His mother was a Quaker and his father converted from Methodism to the Quaker faith, Nixons upbringing was marked by evangelical Quaker observances of the time, such as refraining from alcohol, dancing, and swearing. Nixon had four brothers, Harold, Donald, Arthur, four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had ruled in historical or legendary England, Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart. Nixons early life was marked by hardship, and he quoted a saying of Eisenhower to describe his boyhood, We were poor. The Nixon family ranch failed in 1922, and the moved to Whittier
Richard Nixon
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Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon
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The infant Richard stands outside the Nixons' Yorba Linda Home (early 1914), looking toward what is today the
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Richard Nixon
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Nixon (second from right) makes his newspaper debut in 1916, contributing five cents to a fund for war orphans.
Donald is to the left of his brother.
Richard Nixon
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Nixon at
Whittier High School in 1930.
6.
Frost/Nixon (play)
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The play premiered at the Donmar Warehouse theatre in London in August 2006, directed by Michael Grandage and starring Michael Sheen as the talk-show host and Frank Langella as the former president. Frost/Nixon received enthusiastic reviews in the British press and it then played at the Gielgud Theatre in Londons West End, again starring Langella and Sheen. On March 31,2007, the play began previews on Broadway and it officially opened as a limited engagement at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre on April 22 and closed on August 19, after 137 performances, the cast included Langella, Sheen, Remy Auberjonois, Shira Gregory, Corey Johnson, Stephen Kunken, Stephen Rowe, Triney Sandoval, Armand Schultz and Sonya Walger. TimeLine Theatre Company in Chicago ran the play from August 21 to October 10,2010, in regional theatre, Frost/Nixon made its Ohio premiere at the Rabbit Run Theatre in Madison, Ohio. Rocky Mountain regional premiere was directed and designed by John Thornberry for Longmont Theatre Company in Longmont, Colorado, the show received its Philadelphia premiere with New City Stage Company December 5,2013 to January 4,2014. The show was a combination of the play and the screenplay for the film Frost/Nixon. The film was produced by Imagine Entertainment and Working Title Films for Universal Pictures, shooting began on August 27,2007. Langella and Sheen reprised their roles for the film
Frost/Nixon (play)
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Original poster
7.
Edward Albee
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Edward Franklin Albee III was an American playwright known for works such as The Zoo Story, The Sandbox, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. and A Delicate Balance. Three of his plays won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and his works are often considered as frank examinations of the modern condition. His early works reflect a mastery and Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd that found its peak in works by European playwrights such as Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco and his middle period comprised plays that explored the psychology of maturing, marriage, and sexual relationships. Younger American playwrights, such as Paula Vogel, credit Albees daring mix of theatricality, later in his life, Albee continued to experiment in works such as The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia. Edward Albee was born in 1928 and he was placed for adoption two weeks later and taken to Larchmont in Westchester County, New York, where he grew up. Albees adoptive father, Reed A. Albee, the son of vaudeville magnate Edward Franklin Albee II. His adoptive mother, Reeds third wife, Frances, was a socialite and he would later base the main character of his 1991 play Three Tall Women on his mother, with whom he had a conflicted relationship. Albee attended the Clinton High School, then the Lawrenceville School in New Jersey and he then was sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania, where he was dismissed in less than a year. He enrolled at The Choate School in Wallingford, Connecticut, graduating in 1946 and his formal education continued at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, where he was expelled in 1947 for skipping classes and refusing to attend compulsory chapel. Albee left home for good when he was in his late teens, in a later interview, he said, I never felt comfortable with the adoptive parents. I dont think knew how to be parents. I probably didnt know how to be a son, either, in a 1994 interview, he stated that he left home at age 18 because had to get out of that stultifying, suffocating environment. In a 2008 interview, he told interviewer Charlie Rose that he was out because his parents wanted him to become a corporate thug. Albee moved into New Yorks Greenwich Village, where he supported himself with odd jobs while learning to write plays and his first play, The Zoo Story, which was written in three weeks, was first staged in Berlin in 1959 before eventually premiering Off-Broadway in 1960. His next play, The Death of Bessie Smith, similarly premiered in Berlin before arriving in New York. Albees most iconic play, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. opened on Broadway at the Billy Rose Theatre on October 13,1962, the two members of the jury, John Mason Brown and John Gassner, subsequently resigned in protest. An Academy Award-winning film adaptation of the play was released in 1966 starring Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, George Segal. In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, according to the New York Times, Albee was widely considered to be the foremost American playwright of his generation
Edward Albee
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Edward Albee, photographed by
Carl Van Vechten, 1961
Edward Albee
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Edward Albee by Irish artist
Reginald Gray (The New York Times, 1966), inspired by a photograph taken in 1962 from
Bettmann /
Corbis.
8.
Ivan Turgenev
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Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was a Russian novelist, short story writer, and playwright. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was born into a family of Russian land-owners in Oryol, Russia and his father, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, a colonel in the Russian cavalry, was a chronic philanderer. Ivans mother, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova, was a wealthy heiress, ivans father died when Ivan was sixteen, leaving him and his brother Nicolas to be brought up by their abusive mother. Ivans childhood was a one, in constant fear of his mother who beat him often. From 1838 until 1841 he studied philosophy, particularly Hegel, and he returned to Saint Petersburg to complete his masters examination. Turgenev was impressed with German society and returned believing that Russia could best improve itself by incorporating ideas from the Age of Enlightenment. Like many of his contemporaries, he was particularly opposed to serfdom. In 1841, Turgenev started his career in Russian civil service, when Turgenev was a child, a family serf had read to him verses from the Rossiad of Mikhail Kheraskov, a celebrated poet of the 18th century. Turgenevs early attempts in literature, poems, and sketches gave indications of genius and were spoken of by Vissarion Belinsky. Turgenev never married, but he had affairs with his familys serfs, one of which resulted in the birth of his illegitimate daughter. He was tall and broad-shouldered, but was timid, restrained, when Turgenev was 19, while traveling on a steamboat in Germany, the boat caught fire and Turgenev reacted in a cowardly manner. Rumors circulated in Russia and followed him for his entire career and his closest literary friend was Gustave Flaubert, with whom he shared similar social and aesthetic ideas. Both rejected extremist right and left views, and carried a nonjudgmental, although rather pessimistic. His relations with Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky were often strained, Turgenev, unlike Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky, lacked religious motives in his writings, representing the more social aspect to the reform movement. He was considered to be an agnostic, Tolstoy, more than Dostoyevsky, at first anyway, rather despised Turgenev. While traveling together in Paris, Tolstoy wrote in his diary and his rocky friendship with Tolstoy in 1861 wrought such animosity that Tolstoy challenged Turgenev to a duel, afterwards apologizing. The two did not speak for 17 years, but never broke family ties, Dostoyevsky parodies Turgenev in his novel The Devils through the character of the vain novelist Karmazinov, who is anxious to ingratiate himself with the radical youth. Turgenev occasionally visited England, and in 1879 the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law was conferred upon him by the University of Oxford, Turgenev died from spinal tumor at Bougival, near Paris, on September 3,1883
Ivan Turgenev
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Turgenev, by
Vasily Perov, 1872
Ivan Turgenev
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Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, Turgenev's estate near
Oryol
Ivan Turgenev
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Turgenev receiving honorary doctorate,
Oxford, 1879
Ivan Turgenev
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Pauline Viardot, by P. F. Sokolov, 1840s
9.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
10.
Frost/Nixon (film)
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Frost/Nixon is a 2008 British-American historical drama film based on the 2006 play of the same name by Peter Morgan, who also adapted the screenplay. The film tells the story behind the Frost/Nixon interviews of 1977, after the Watergate scandal of 1972 and his subsequent resignation in 1974,400 million worldwide watch Nixon leave the White House. Among them is British journalist David Frost, currently recording a talk show in Australia, nixon’s literary agent, Irving Swifty Lazar, believes the interview would be an opportunity for Nixon to salvage his reputation, and to make some money. Lazar demands $500,000, and ultimately gets $600,000, after persuading his friend and producer John Birt that the interviews would be a success, Frost and Birt travel to California to meet with Nixon. On the plane to California, Frost flirts with a woman called Caroline Cushing. Frost struggles to sell the interviews to U. S. networks and he hires two investigators — Bob Zelnick and James Reston Jr. — to help him prepare, along with Birt. Frost is not clear on what he wants from the interview, under scrutiny by Nixons post-presidential chief of staff, Jack Brennan, Frost and Nixon embark on the first three recording sessions. Behind the scenes, Frosts editorial team is nervous about the interviewers technique, four days before the final session, which will center on Watergate, Frost receives a phonecall from an inebriated Nixon. Frost gains new insight into his subject, while Nixon assures Frost that he will do everything in his power to emerge the victor from the final interview, the conversation spurs Frost into action. He works relentlessly for three days to prepare, while Reston pursues a lead at the Federal Courthouse in Washington, as the final recording begins, Frost ambushes Nixon with damning transcripts of a conversation between Nixon and Charles Colson that Reston dug up in Washington. As his own team watches in horror from a room, Nixon admits that he did unethical things, adding, When the President does it. A stunned Frost is on the verge of inducing a confession when Brennan bursts in, after the interview, Frost and Caroline pay a farewell visit to Nixon at his villa. Frost thanks Nixon for the interviews and Nixon, graciously admitting defeat, thanks Frost in return and wishes him well and he also for the first time addresses Frost by his first name. Nixon watches Frost and Caroline Cushing leave and then leans over a railing of his villa, an epilogue states that the interviews were wildly successful and that Nixon never escaped controversy until his death in 1994. Frank Langella as Richard Nixon Michael Sheen as David Frost Kevin Bacon as Jack Brennan Oliver Platt as Bob Zelnick Sam Rockwell as James Reston Jr. To prepare for his role as Richard Nixon, Frank Langella visited the Richard Nixon Presidential Library in Yorba Linda, California, on the set, the cast and crew addressed Langella as Mr. President. Frost/Nixon had its premiere on October 15,2008 as the opening film of the 52nd annual London Film Festival. It was released in three theaters in the United States on December 5 before expanding several times over the following weeks and it was released in the United Kingdom and expanded into wide status in the United States on January 23,2009
Frost/Nixon (film)
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Theatrical release poster
11.
Italian American
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Italian Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Italy, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States, about 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. Immigration began in earnest during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated than during the five previous decades altogether. The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to America. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year, further immigration would be greatly limited by a number of restrictive laws passed by Congress in the 1920s. Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy and Sicily, after unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps, Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, the Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17 million Americans claim Italian ancestry, third only to Brazil with 31 million, and Argentina, Italians and their descendants in America have helped to shape the country and, in turn, have adapted to it. They have gained prominence in politics, sports, the media, the arts, the culinary arts. Italian navigators and explorers played a key role in the discovery, exploration, christopher Columbus, the explorer who first reached the Americas in 1492–1504, was Italian. Another notable Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502, is the source of the name America. Englands claims in North America were based on the voyages of the Italian explorer John Cabot, in 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to map the Atlantic coast of todays United States, and to enter New York Bay. In 1539, Marco da Nizza, explored the territory later became the states of Arizona. In the 17th century, Henri de Tonti, together with the French explorer LaSalle, De Tonti founded the first European settlement in Illinois in 1679, and in Arkansas in 1683. With LaSalle, he co-founded New Orleans, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years and his brother Alphonse de Tonty, with French explorer Antoine Cadillac, was the co-founder of Detroit in 1701, and was its acting colonial governor for 12 years. Spain and France were Catholic countries and sent many missionaries to convert the native population, included among these missionaries were numerous Italians
Italian American
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Amadeo Giannini
Italian American
Italian American
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Fiorello LaGuardia
Italian American
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Vincent R. Capodanno
12.
Bayonne High School
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Bayonne High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Bayonne, Hudson County, New Jersey, operated by the Bayonne Board of Education. As of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,581 students and 201.0 classroom teachers, there were 1,418 students eligible for free lunch and 310 eligible for reduced-cost lunch. As of the 2013-14 school year, the schools reported racial/ethnic make-up was 44% White, 35% Hispanic, 13% Black, 7% Asian, and 1% Multiracial. For the 1995-96 school year, Bayonne High School was named a Star School by the New Jersey Department of Education, the school had been ranked 317th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 242nd in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 248th in 2008 out of 316 schools, the school was ranked 273rd in the magazines September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. College credit can be earned through articulation agreements with New Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, Saint Peters University, the school was created in 1936, when the Sweeney Senior High School and the Pulaski Vocational / Technical School were established. The technical school occupied what is now the vocational wing of BHS, the two schools were officially amalgamated in 1953. In 1973, the school was reorganized into six houses, after an incident in 1997 in which two students were stabbed, one fatally wounded, the school instituted wide-ranging measures to reduce violence, from discussion groups to metal detectors. In 2000, it was reported to be known as a model of school safety, Bayonne High School is divided into six houses and has an ice rink. Also located in the ice rink building are a gymnasium, offices, bathrooms, indoor track, the campus also has three gymnasiums, a planetarium, an in-house biological conservatory, a 600-seat auditorium, four tennis courts, a football stadium, and one baseball field. The high school is sized for approximately 3,000 students, later that year the team went on to win the HCTCA outdoor championships. The boys tennis team has been in the HCIAA championship for 19 consecutive years, in 2007 they reached the state final four before losing in the North Sectional to St. Peters Prep. In 2008 they lost in the eight of the state tournament to Vernon Township High School in three games, despite being ranked #1 in the North. In 2009 they reached the final four once again, only to be defeated by St. Peters Prep again in the North final, 25-15. In 2011, the basketball team won their third Hudson County title in a row with a 48-32 win over North Bergen High School. The music videos Waking the Demon by the band Bullet for My Valentine, Jeremy by Pearl Jam, Someday by Mariah Carey, the school was used as a filming location for the 2009 film Assassination of a High School President. Scenes set at Flatpoint High in the 2006 film version of Strangers with Candy were shot at Bayonne High School, matt Waters was a television show on CBS in 1996 that was filmed in Bayonne High School, starring Montel Williams. The 2002 movie Swimfan was filmed there, arthur Frank Burns, Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Bayonne High School
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Bayonne High School
13.
South Orange, New Jersey
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South Orange, officially the Township of South Orange Village, is a suburban township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Seton Hall University is located in the township, other sources attribute the derivation for all of The Oranges to King William III, Prince of Orange. Of the 565 municipalities in New Jersey, South Orange Village is one of four with a village type of government. South Orange Village dates back to May 4,1869, when it was formed within South Orange Township, on March 4,1904, the Village of South Orange was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature and separated from South Orange Township. What is now South Orange was part of a territory purchased from the Lenape Native Americans in 1666 by Robert Treat, the unsettled areas north and west of Newark were at first referred to as the uplands. South Orange was called the Chestnut Hills for a time, there are two claimants to the first English settlement in present-day South Orange. In 1677 brothers Joseph and Thomas Brown began clearing land for a farm in the area northwest of the junction of two old trails that are now South Orange Avenue and Ridgewood Road, the phrasing shows that a stone house already existed near the property. Joseph Riggs had a house just south of the Browns house, at the northwest corner of South Orange Avenue and Ridgewood Road, the same road survey locates Edward Riggss residence near Millburn and Nathaniel Wheelers residence in modern West Orange at the corner of Valley Road and Main Street. By 1756 or earlier this property was owned by Samuel Pierson, a survey of adjoining property in 1767 mentions Piersons house forming accidentally the earliest documentation of a house on the property, which may be much older. Bethuel Pierson, son of Samuel, lived in this house, sometime during his ownership Bethuel Pierson had a stone addition added to his dwelling-house, which he caused to be dedicated by religious ceremonies. This would appear to be the portion of the Stone House. Stone House Brook runs west along the side of the east-west road, past the Stone House and joining the Rahway River at about the location of the Brown. The oldest parts of the Pierson house are the oldest surviving structure in South Orange. A deed of 1800 locates a property as being in the Township of Newark, in the Parish of Orange, at a place called South Orange, Orange had been named after the ruler of England, William of Orange. Most of modern South Orange became part of Orange Township in 1806, part of Clinton Township in 1834, gordons Gazetteer circa 1830 describes the settlement as having about 30 dwellings, a tavern and store, a paper mill and Presbyterian church. The hotel burned down in 1890, the only remnants today are the names of Mountain Station and the Mountain House Road leading west from it to the site of the hotel. South Orange could be reached by the Morris and Essex Railroad which opened in 1837 between Newark and Morristown, as of 1869, the M&E became part of the main line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad which ran from Hoboken to Buffalo with through trains to Chicago. The Montrose neighborhood was developed after the Civil War and its large houses on generous lots attracted wealthy families from Newark and New York City during the decades from 1870 to 1900
South Orange, New Jersey
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South Orange in 2011
South Orange, New Jersey
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Temple Sharey Tefilo Israel
South Orange, New Jersey
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First Presbyterian Church
South Orange, New Jersey
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Village Hall
14.
Columbia High School (New Jersey)
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The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1928. As of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,913 students and 146.4 classroom teachers, there were 359 students eligible for free lunch and 114 eligible for reduced-cost lunch. In 1814, this building blocked the construction of a new highway from Newark to Morristown. The resolution reflected the desire of the meeting that the school should in the future have the name of Columbian School of South Orange. The new schoolhouse was a wood structure, topped by a thin steeple. It was completed before the term of 1815. The cost of firewood was to be divided equally among the scholars, on May 10,1816, the Trustees adopted a seal for the school in the form of a spread eagle standing on a globe with the word Excelsior underneath in Roman Capitals. In the early years, students at the Columbia School were not separated according to grade, for decades, the school was supported by tuition payments. But gradually the State began to assume a share of the financial responsibility, in 1820, a law authorized townships to levy a tax to pay the tuition of poor students. By 1828, townships had the power to tax for school purposes. The State itself began to contribute money in 1830, and in 1846 every township was required to raise as much each year for schools as the State itself contributed. The last tuition assessment for residents occurred in 1861, and thereafter the Columbia School was entirely supported by public taxation, after the Civil War, improvements on the railroad contributed to a decided growth of population in the old Township of South Orange. The general character of the citizenry underwent a significant change and residents known as commuters began to emerge in numbers, in 1867, a state law required that Columbia become a graded school. By 1877, the old wooden building erected in 1815 was found to be woefully inadequate for the growing community. The Trustees responded in 1879 by resolving to erect a new brick building, the new structure was opened in 1880. The final cost of construction was $17,094.49, the building later became the northeast wing of the old South Orange Junior High School, demolished when the present middle school was built. Lower grades continued to be housed at Columbia, the district remained unified even after Maplewood and South Orange became separately incorporated as municipalities, although there was considerable pressure to split as early as 1904. The close of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th brought significant changes in school curriculum
Columbia High School (New Jersey)
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"Excelsior"
15.
South Orange-Maplewood School District
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The South Orange-Maplewood School District is a regional public school district, serving students from two communities in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The district enrolls students from the communities of South Orange. As of the 2011–12 school year, the nine schools had an enrollment of 6,515 students and 527.3 classroom teachers. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group I, District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, the school district has operated as a unified organization for the area since 1867 and under the current name since 1894. Its first permanent teacher and principal was James Ricalton, who was a noted photographer, for the 1992–93 school year, Columbia High School received the Blue Ribbon Award from the United States Department of Education, the highest honor that an American school can achieve. NAMM named the district in its 2009 survey of the Best Communities for Music Education, which included 124 school districts nationwide
South Orange-Maplewood School District
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A South Orange Middle School student protest
South Orange-Maplewood School District
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Maplewood Middle School
16.
Syracuse University
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Syracuse University, commonly referred to as Syracuse, Cuse, or SU, is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States. The institutions roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, after several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church, the campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features a mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings. Syracuse University athletic teams, known as the Orange, participate in 20 intercollegiate sports, SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference for all NCAA Division I athletics, except for the mens rowing and womens ice hockey teams. SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary was founded in 1831 by the Genesee Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York, south of Rochester. In 1850, it was resolved to enlarge the institution from a seminary into a college, or to connect a college with the seminary, however, the location was soon thought by many to be insufficiently central. Its difficulties were compounded by the set of technological changes. The trustees of the college then decided to seek a locale whose economic. Meanwhile, there were years of dispute between the Methodist ministers, Lima, and contending cities across the state, over proposals to move Genesee College to Syracuse. At the time, the ministers wanted a share of the funds from the Morrill Land Grant Act for Genesee College and they agreed to a quid pro quo donation of $25,000 from Senator Cornell in exchange for their support for his bill. Cornell insisted the bargain be written into the bill and Cornell became New York States Land Grant University in 1865. In 1869, Genesee College obtained New York State approval to move to Syracuse, but Lima got an injunction to block the move. By that time, however, the injunction had been made moot by the founding of a new university on March 24,1870. On that date the State of New York granted the new Syracuse University its own charter, the City of Syracuse had offered $100,000 to establish the school. Bishop Jesse Truesdell Peck had donated $25,000 to the school and was elected the first president of the Board of Trustees. Rev. Daniel Steele, a former Genesee College president, served as the first administrative leader of Syracuse until its Chancellor was appointed, the university opened in September 1871 in rented space downtown. George F. Comstock, a member of the new Universitys Board of Trustees, had offered the school 50 acres of farmland on a hillside to the southeast of the city center
Syracuse University
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Crouse College, a
Romanesque building completed in 1889, housed the first College of Fine Arts in the United States. It is now the home of the university's College of Visual and Performing Arts and the Setnor School of Music.
Syracuse University
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Syracuse University
Syracuse University
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A graduate of the Genesee Seminary,
Henry Jarvis Raymond later went on to found
The New York Times.
Syracuse University
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Belva Lockwood was the first woman (or second, depending on one's opinion, after Victoria Woodhull) to run for President of the United States.
17.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
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A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
18.
Alpha Chi Rho
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It is a charter member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference, and its national headquarters is R. B. Stewart National Headquarters, located in Neptune, New Jersey. The symbol of the fraternity is the labarum and men of Alpha Chi Rho are commonly called Crows and he was the original author of the Exoteric Manual. All four of his sons were in Alpha Chi Rho and ministers of the Episcopal Church, Carl G. Phi Psi, Phi Psi, Winfred H. Phi Omega, and Eustice P. Phi Gamma. Rouse - Trinity 96 - his sage advice and tactful approach was invaluable during infancy of our Fraternity and he was the first President of Phi Psi Chapter, a teacher by profession who spent the later years of his life in Florida teaching English to Cuban and South American immigrants. Herbert T. Sherriff - Trinity 97 - He attended high school and college with Carl G. Ziegler and he had a career in public health in Portland, Oregon. Rev. William A. D. Eardeley - Trinity 97 - He started his career as an Episcopal minister and later became a noted genealogist and he was the first National President of the Fraternity and designed the Coat of Arms. He helped form Phi Chi and Phi Phi Chapters, list of social fraternities and sororities Alpha Chi Rho website
Alpha Chi Rho
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Alpha Chi Rho
19.
2007 Toronto International Film Festival
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The 2007 Toronto International Film Festival was a 32nd annual film festival held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It ran from September 6,2007 to September 15,2007, the lineup consisted of 349 films from 55 countries, selected from 4156 submissions. The selection included 275 mid- to feature-length films, of which 234 were premieres, the festival was attended by members of the industry, press and general public. It opened with the premiere of Jeremy Podeswas Fugitive Pieces, a film based on the international bestselling novel by Anne Michaels. Peter Howell of the Toronto Star named Sidney Lumets Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead a major Oscar contender, the audience favourite, David Cronenbergs Eastern Promises, won the top prize at the festival. The New York Times pointed out that two previous winners had gone on to win Best Picture Oscars. Highly discussed but divisive films among the public and critics include comedies Juno and Margot at the Wedding, the Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford and Across the Universe both won their share of supporters despite previous reports of shooting delays and director-studio clashes. The award was presented at a screening of Jean Renoirs Grand Illusion which Bogdanovich selected to illustrate the importance of film restoration, programme features first or second time Canadian film directors and established Canadian filmmakers who have not previously appeared in the festival. Eight films were selected to appear in the festival, stéphane Lafleurs directorial debut Continental, a Film Without Guns won the Citytv Award for Best Canadian First Feature Film and a CDN$15000 bursary. Quebec-based filmmaker Francis Mankiewiczs Good Riddance was selected, the film has previously won eight Genie Awards and appeared on every Canadas Ten Best film survey. Good Riddance directed by Francis Mankiewicz The Canadian Retrospective programme features a section of films representing an aspect of the history of Canadian cinema and it was the seventh year the festival has held the retrospective. Influential Québécois filmmaker Michel Brault was spotlighted through nine films he directed or shot and he has been credited for his visual style and creating some of the most important films to come from Quebec. In conjunction, the Toronto International Film Festival Group published a book on Brault, Cinema as History, Michel Brault and it included premieres and prize-winning films from other festivals. Sixty-two films were selected, including eight from Canada, eight films were selected between nine filmmakers and artists. Israel Cárdenas and Laura Amelia Guzmáns feature debut Cochochi won the DIESEL Discovery Award, the International Federation of Film Critics returned to the festival for the 16th year and awarded Rodrigo Plás La Zona the FIPRESCI Prize. Clips from their new and upcoming documentaries are screened, the series was opened to the public for the first time. Topics included biography films, Michel Brault, war and democracy, with Nick Fraser The Future Projections programme features non-theatrical installations in various mediums. This marked the inaugural run
2007 Toronto International Film Festival
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Festival poster
2007 Toronto International Film Festival
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Darfur/Darfur installation outside of the
Royal Ontario Museum
2007 Toronto International Film Festival
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Larry Charles and
Bill Maher discuss
Religulous outside of
Ryerson
2007 Toronto International Film Festival
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Werner Herzog talking with an audience member as a crowd exits an
Encounters at the End of the World screening at the Paramount Theatre
20.
Bouwerie Lane Theatre
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The Bouwerie Lane Theatre is a former bank building which became an Off-Broadway theatre, located at 330 Bowery at Bond Street in Manhattan, New York City. It is located in the NoHo Historic District, when the bank failed in 1879, the building was sold to the German Exchange Bank, which served the German immigrant community. Prior to the 1960s, the building was used for the storage of fabrics, then in 1963, the building was converted into a theater by Honey Waldman, who produced several plays there. From 1974 to 2006, it was the home of the Jean Cocteau Repertory Theatre, the building was purchased by Adam Gordon in 2007 for conversion into a private mansion with a climbing wall, and the Bowery street front used for retail. In 1967, the building was designated a New York City landmark, the AIA Guide to New York City calls it One of the most sophisticated cast-iron buildings. Notes Bouwerie Lane Theatre at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
Bouwerie Lane Theatre
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Bouwerie Lane Theatre (Bond Street Savings Bank)
Bouwerie Lane Theatre
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The building's facade on the
Bowery (2010)
21.
Robert Lowell
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Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV was an American poet. He was born into a Boston Brahmin family that could trace its origins back to the Mayflower and his family, past and present, were important subjects in his poetry. Growing up in Boston also informed his poems, which were set in Boston. The literary scholar Paula Hayes believes that Lowell mythologized New England and he was also related to the poets James Russell Lowell and Amy Lowell. Lowell stated, The poets who most directly influenced me, were Allen Tate, Elizabeth Bishop, and William Carlos Williams. But you can see that Bishop is a sort of bridge between Tates formalism and Williamss informal art. Lowell was capable of writing both formal, metered verse as well as verse, his verse in some poems from Life Studies. However, much of Lowells work, which combined the public with the personal. Instead, Lowell worked in a number of distinctive stylistic modes and he was appointed the sixth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, where he served from 1947 until 1948. He is widely considered one of the most important American poets of the postwar era and his biographer Paul Mariani called him the poet-historian of our time and the last of influential public poets. Lowell was born to Commander Robert Traill Spence Lowell III and Charlotte Winslow in Boston, Lowells parents share a common descent from Philip Livingston, the son of Robert Livingston, which means they were sixth cousins. As well as a history steeped in Protestantism, Lowell had notable Jewish ancestors on both sides of his family, which he discusses in Part II of Life Studies. On his fathers side, Lowell was the great-great-grandson of Maj, as a youth, Lowell had a penchant for violence and bullying other children. Describing himself as an 8½-year-old in the prose piece 91 Revere Street, Lowell wrote that he was thick-witted, narcissistic, thuggish. Lowell would later reference the nickname in his poem Caligula, first published in his book For the Union Dead, Lowell received his high school education at St. Marks School, a prominent prep-school in Southborough, Massachusetts, there he met and was influenced by the poet Richard Eberhart, who taught at the school, and as a high school student, Lowell decided that he wanted to become a poet. At St. Marks, he became friends with Frank Parker. Lowell attended Harvard College for two years, and then he read me the opening of Keatss Hyperion, the first version, and I thought all of that was sublime
Robert Lowell
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Lowell at the
Grolier Poetry Bookshop in Harvard Square, 1965. Photo by Elsa Dorfman
Robert Lowell
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Lowell as a child with his father, Commander Robert Traill Spence Lowell III, around 1920
Robert Lowell
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St. Mark's School, Southborough, Massachusetts
Robert Lowell
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Vietnam War protestors at the March on the Pentagon, 1967
22.
The Old Glory
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The Old Glory is a play written by the American poet Robert Lowell that was first performed in 1964. It consists of three pieces that were meant to be performed together as a trilogy, for this production, all three plays together ran too long and the director, Jonathan Miller, decided to cut the first piece, Endecott and the Red Cross. The Old Glory was revived for a second production in 1976 in celebration of the United States Bicentennial. Then, in 2011, Benito Cereno was produced without the two plays for an off-Broadway production at the Horizon Theater Rep. The characters in this play include Mr. Blackstone, Thomas Morton, the play is set in the 1630s in the settlement of Merrymount. The three main characters of Blackstone, Morton, and Endecott are based on historical figures. The characters in this play include Major Molineux, Colonel Greenough, Robin, the play is set in Boston, just as the American Revolution is about to erupt. Lowells version of the story is more surrealistic and cartoonish than Hawthornes original short story, the characters in this play include Captain Amasa Delano, John Perkins, Benito Cereno, and Babo. It is set in 1799, aboard the American ship, The President Adams, and the Spanish ship, The San Dominick. The plot of the play concerns Captain Delano, an American in charge of a New England sealing ship, the Old Glory was first published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux in 1965. A revised edition was published with minor changes in 1968 and this edition included an introduction by Robert Brustein and a directors note by Jonathan Miller. Brustein called The Old Glory a dramatic history of the American character, Lowells idea for The Old Glory began with his attempt to adapt Herman Melvilles novella Benito Cereno into an opera for the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. In 1960, with the assistance of the poet William Meredith, however, because Lowell didnt have a background in opera or any musical training, he struggled with the project and was unable to deliver the libretto. In 1964, Lowells friend, the poet Randall Jarrell, praised Benito Cereno as a masterpiece, in a scholarly article on The Old Glory, Baruch Hochman praised all three plays, writing, Lowell the dramatist matches Lowell the poet. In Hochmans interpretation, The plays are not so much about the centrality of violence in American life as about the discords at the heart of civilization itself, as a trilogy, the plays examine the bond between the powers that oppress and the powers that seek to overthrow them. In an ironic twist, The Village Voice would award The Old Glory with five of their Obie Theater Awards a year following their publication of Herschbergers negative article
The Old Glory
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1st edition
23.
Yerma
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Yerma is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. It was written in 1934 and first performed that same year, García Lorca describes the play as a tragic poem. The play tells the story of a woman living in rural Spain. Her desperate desire for motherhood becomes an obsession that drives her to commit a horrific crime. Because of the time she is living in, she is expected to bear children, when she cannot, she is forced to measures that those in her society would view as extreme. Although critics speculate that Yerma kills her husband in the end because he is a frugal, economically driven man who has no desire to have children and she kills him at a hermitage, a religious place with the possibility of fertility. However he has shown no desire to have children, so there is no evidence that he would have changed his mind at the festival. Act 1, scene 1, Yerma has been married two years and she wants to strengthen her husband, Juan, so he can give her children. Telling Yerma to stay at home, Juan goes back to his work in the olive groves, maría, married five months and already pregnant, asks Yerma to sew for the baby. Yerma fears that if she, too, doesnt conceive soon, the couples friend, Víctor, sees Yerma sewing and assumes she is pregnant. His advice when he learns the truth, Try harder, act 1, scene 2, Yerma has just taken Juan his dinner in the fields. On the road home, she encounters an old woman who insists that passion is the key to conception, Yerma admits a secret longing for Víctor but none for Juan. She then meets two girls whose attitudes astonish her, one has left her baby untended. The other is childless and glad of it, although her mother, next Víctor comes along, and the conversation between Víctor and Yerma becomes tense with unspoken thoughts and desires. Juan enters, worrying about what people say if Yerma stays out chatting. He tells her he intends to work all night, act 2, scene 1, It is three years later. Five laundresses gossip about a woman who still has no children, who has been looking at another man, the laundresses sing about husbands, lovemaking, and babies. Act 2, scene 2, Juans two sisters watch over Yerma and she refuses to stay at home, and people are talking
Yerma
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Margarita Xirgu and Pilar Muñoz in a scene of the play.
24.
Vivian Beaumont Theater
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The Vivian Beaumont Theater is a theater located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex at 150 West 65th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. It is New York Citys only Broadway-class theater that is not located in the Theater District near Times Square, the building was one of the last structures designed by Finnish-born mid-century architect Eero Saarinen, and is currently the home of Lincoln Center Theater. The cast included James Earl Jones and Stacy Keach, from 1973 until 1977, it was managed by the New York Shakespeare Festival, under the direction of Joseph Papp. Following a three-year period of inactivity, it reopened in 1980 under the auspices of the Lincoln Center Theater Company, directed by Richmond Crinkley. He had the ad hoc assistance of a five-member directorate consisting of Woody Allen, Sarah Caldwell, Liviu Ciulei, Robin Phillips, however, other substantial improvements to the theaters acoustics and technical facilities have been made over the years. On rare occasions the theater has been rented to commercial producers, such as Alexander H. Cohen and Hildy Parks, since 1985, the Vivian Beaumont has been operated by Lincoln Center Theater. It operates with an budget of about $2 million and stages three to four productions a year. The auditorium is named for Claire Tow, whose husband, Leonard, the structure was designed by Finnish American architect Eero Saarinen, and Jo Mielziner was responsible for the design of the stage and interior. The travertine-clad roof houses stacks of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, the Vivian Beaumont differs from traditional Broadway theaters because of its use of stadium seating and its thrust stage configuration. Located on the Vivian Beaumont’s planted green roof, the Claire Tow Theater seats just 112 people in a fixed configuration, the structure is wrapped inside a grille of aluminum louvers that help screen out the sun. In designing the interior, Hardy used simple materials, stained oak for the lobby floors, the bar features Overture, a sculpture by Kiki Smith
Vivian Beaumont Theater
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Vivian Beaumont Theater
25.
William Shakespeare
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William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the Bard of Avon and his extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright, Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children, Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a career in London as an actor, writer. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, at age 49, Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, in his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and it was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as not of an age, but for all time. In the 20th and 21st centuries, his works have been adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship. His plays remain highly popular and are studied, performed. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden and he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April. This date, which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholars mistake, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and he was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, the consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaways neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage, twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596, after the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. The exception is the appearance of his name in the bill of a law case before the Queens Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589
William Shakespeare
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The
Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed.
National Portrait Gallery, London.
William Shakespeare
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John Shakespeare's house, believed to be
Shakespeare's birthplace, in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
William Shakespeare
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Shakespeare's coat of arms, as it appears on the rough draft of the application to grant a coat-of-arms to John Shakespeare. It features a spear as a
pun on the family name.
William Shakespeare
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Shakespeare's funerary monument in Stratford-upon-Avon.
26.
Anne Bancroft
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Anna Maria Louisa Italiano, known professionally as Anne Bancroft, was an American actress associated with the method acting school, having studied under Lee Strasberg. Respected for her acting prowess and versatility, Bancroft was acknowledged for her work in film, theatre and she won one Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globes, two Tony Awards and two Emmy Awards, and several other awards and nominations. She won both an Oscar for her work in the film, and a Tony for the role in the play. On Broadway in 1965, she played a medieval nun obsessed with a priest in John Whitings play The Devils and she was perhaps best known as the seductress, Mrs. Robinson, in The Graduate, a role that she later stated had come to overshadow her other work. Bancroft received several other Oscar nominations and continued in lead roles until the late 1980s, in 1987, she starred with Anthony Hopkins in 84 Charing Cross Road. In the 1990s she returned to supporting roles in films, and she received Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, for The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, as well as an Emmy nomination for 2001s Haven. Bancroft was born Anna Maria Louisa Italiano in the Bronx, New York, Bancrofts parents were both children of Italian immigrants. In an interview, she stated her family was originally from Muro Lucano and she was raised in the Belmont neighborhood of the Bronx, later moving to 1580 Zerega Ave. and graduated from Christopher Columbus High School in 1948. She later attended HB Studio, the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, the Actors Studio, after appearing in a number of live television dramas under the name Anne Marno, she was told to change her surname for her film debut in Dont Bother to Knock. In 1958, Bancroft made her Broadway debut as lovelorn, Bronx-accented Gittel Mosca opposite Henry Fonda in William Gibsons two-character play Two for the Seesaw, for Gittel, she won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play. She took the role to Hollywood, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She had returned to Broadway to star in Mother Courage and Her Children, so Joan Crawford accepted Bancrofts Oscar on her behalf, Bancroft is one of the few actors to have won an Academy Award and a Tony Award for the same role. Bancroft co-starred as a medieval nun obsessed with a priest in the 1965 Broadway production of John Whitings play The Devils, produced by Alexander H. Cohen and directed by Michael Cacoyannis, it ran for 63 performances. Bancroft received a second Academy Award nomination in 1965 for her performance in The Pumpkin Eater and her best-known role during this period was Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate, for which she received a third Academy Award nomination. In the film, she played a married woman who seduces a family friend. In the movie, Hoffmans character later dates and falls in love with her daughter, Bancroft was ambivalent about her appearance in The Graduate, she stated in several interviews that the role overshadowed all of her other work. Despite her character becoming an archetype of the older woman role, a CBS television special, Annie, the Women in the Life of a Man, won Bancroft an Emmy Award for her singing and acting. Bancroft is one of few entertainers to win an Oscar, an Emmy
Anne Bancroft
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Bancroft in 1964
Anne Bancroft
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Bancroft with
Patty Duke in the stage production of
The Miracle Worker, 1960
Anne Bancroft
–
Bancroft with
Mel Brooks at the
1991 Cannes Film Festival.
27.
Mel Brooks
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Melvin Brooks is an American filmmaker, comedian, actor, composer, and songwriter. He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies, Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for the early TV variety show Your Show of Shows. He became well known as part of the duo with Carl Reiner in the comedy skit The 2000 Year Old Man. He also created, with Buck Henry, the hit comedy series Get Smart. In middle age, Brooks became one of the most successful directors of the 1970s. His best-known films include The Producers, The Twelve Chairs, Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, Silent Movie, High Anxiety, History of the World, Part I, Spaceballs and Robin Hood, Men in Tights. A musical adaptation of his first film, The Producers, ran on Broadway from 2001 to 2007, in 2001, having previously won an Emmy, a Grammy and an Oscar, he joined a small list of EGOT winners with his Tony award for The Producers. Brooks was married to Oscar-winning actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death in 2005, Brooks was born Melvin Kaminsky on June 28,1926, in Brooklyn, New York, to James and Kate Kaminsky, and grew up in Williamsburg. His fathers family were German Jews of Polish descent from the Free City of Danzig, his mothers family were Jews from Kiev and he had three older brothers, Irving, Lenny, and Bernie. Brooks father died of disease at 34 when Brooks was two years old. He has said of his fathers death, Theres an outrage there, I may be angry at God, or at the world, for that. And Im sure a lot of my comedy is based on anger, growing up in Williamsburg, I learned to clothe it in comedy to spare myself problems—like a punch in the face. Brooks was a small, sickly boy who often was bullied and teased by his classmates and he was taught by Buddy Rich how to play the drums and started earning money at it when he was 14. After the war, Brooks started working in various Borscht Belt resorts and nightclubs in the Catskill Mountains as a drummer, around this time, he changed his professional name to Mel Brooks after being confused with the Borscht Belt trumpet player Max Kaminsky. After a regular comic at one of the nightclubs was too sick to perform one night, Brooks started working as a comic, telling jokes. He also began acting in stock in Red Bank, New Jersey. He eventually worked his way up to the comically aggressive job of Tummler at Grossingers, Brooks found more rewarding work behind the scenes, becoming a comedy writer for television. In 1949 his friend Sid Caesar hired Brooks to write jokes for the NBC series The Admiral Broadway Revue, paying him $50 a week
Mel Brooks
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Brooks attending a ceremony to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 23, 2010
Mel Brooks
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Brooks in c. February 1984
Mel Brooks
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Brooks with wife
Anne Bancroft at the
1991 Cannes Film Festival.
Mel Brooks
–
Brooks in April 2010
28.
The Twelve Chairs (1970 film)
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The Twelve Chairs is a 1970 American comedy film directed by Mel Brooks, starring Frank Langella, Ron Moody, and Dom DeLuise. The screenplay was written by Brooks, the film was one of at least 18 film adaptations of the Russian 1928 novel The Twelve Chairs by Ilf and Petrov. She reveals before dying that a fortune in jewels had been hidden from the Bolsheviks by being sewn into the cushion of one of the twelve chairs from the familys dining room set. The chairs, along all other private property, had been appropriated by the State after the Russian Revolution. Vorobyaninov and Bender set off together to locate the chairs and recover the fortune and they find that the chairs have been split up and sold individually. Therefore, their hunt requires a great deal of travel to track down, as they progress, they meet comrades from every walk of life in Soviet Russian society, transforming the film into a satirical sendup of failing Communism. Father Fyodor makes the journey only to be thrown out of the engineers house. When the engineer is reassigned to a post on the Black Sea, Fyodor follows him and he finds that none of the chairs has the jewels. Later, he runs across Vorobyaninov and Bender after they have retrieved one chair from a circus, after finding out that this chair doesnt contain the jewels, he finds that he is unable to get down again without help. Vorobyaninov and Bender leave him to his fate and it is located in a Palace of Culture, which is inconvenient due to the presence of so many witnesses. Vorobyaninov and Bender return after closing time, entering through a window Bender secretly had unlocked earlier, at the moment of discovery, Bender carefully and quietly opens the chair cushion with his knife, but their hopes are dashed as it is found to be completely empty. Vorobyaninov is stunned and angry, but Bender laughs at the absurdity of the situation, a watchman finds them, and Vorobyaninov demands to know what happened to the jewels. Look around you, the answers, explaining that after the jewels were accidentally found. Driven into a rage, Vorobyaninov smashes the chair to pieces. After admonishing him for hitting a policeman, Bender leads the way, at the end of his patience, demoralized and bankrupted, Bender proposes that he and Vorobyaninov go their separate ways. Bender calls for the attention and begs the passers-by to give generously to this sad. Using simple gestures without uttering a word, the two men cement their partnership in crime, the Twelve Chairs received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 92% approval score based on 13 reviews, Langella won the NBR award for Best Supporting Actor
The Twelve Chairs (1970 film)
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DVD cover art
29.
Frank Perry
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Frank Joseph Perry, Jr. was an American stage director and filmmaker. The 1962 independent film David and Lisa was nominated for two Academy Awards for best director and best screenplay. Frank Perry went on to form Corsair Pictures, which was financed by United Artists Theatres. His later films include the Razzie Award-nominee Joan Crawford bio drama Mommie Dearest, Frank Joseph Perry, Jr. was born in New York City, to stockbroker Frank Joseph Perry, Sr. and Pauline E. Schwab, who worked at Alcoholics Anonymous. Pauline was also a niece of Charles M. Schwab, who founded the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, as a teenager, Frank Jr. began pursuing his interest in the theater with a job as a parking lot attendant for the Westport Country Playhouse in nearby Westport, Connecticut. He attended the University of Miami, Frank also studied under Lee Strasberg in New York. He produced several plays at Westport Country Playhouse and then turned for a time to producing television documentaries, a veteran of the Korean War, he returned back to the entertainment industry after being discharged and made his directorial debut in 1962 with the low-budget drama film David and Lisa. Based on the novel by Theodore Isaac Rubin, the screenplay was written by his wife, Eleanor Rosenfeld, who received a nomination for an Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay. A character study of two emotionally disturbed teenagers, the film was successful at the box office and met with critical acclaim. Both Perrys would eventually join the group of non-actors awarded membership in Actors Studio. Perry went on to direct and produce a number of films, including The Swimmer based on a John Cheever story, Last Summer, and Trilogy, written by Truman Capote. Perry is known for his studies involving a dysfunctional family. That film earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for Carrie Snodgress, the film became a cult classic despite mixed reviews from critics, it also won the razzie award for worst picture and Frank Perry was nominated for worst director. Some of his material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives, to which scholars. In 1958, Frank married his first wife Eleanor, who was 15 years his senior, Perry and Eleanor collaborated on many screen projects, including screenwriting Academy Award nomination for 1962s David & Lisa. They divorced in 1971 on grounds of incompatibility, Eleanor Perry died of cancer a decade later, at age 66. In 1977, Perry married his wife, founding editor of New York magazine and author (“Little Gloria … Happy at Last} Barbara Goldsmith. Soon after, he married his Aspen ski instructor, 22-year-younger Virginia Brush Ford and his sister is pastor Mary Christine Perry, the wife of pastor Maurice Keith Hudson and mother of singers Katy Perry and David Hudson
Frank Perry
–
Frank Perry
