1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Scooby-Doo
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Scooby-Doo is an American animated cartoon franchise, comprising several animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day. The original series, Scooby-Doo, Where Are You. was created for Hanna-Barbera Productions by writers Joe Ruby, following the success of the original series, Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros. –produced theatrical feature films. Scooby-Doo was originally broadcast on CBS from 1969 to 1975, when it moved to ABC, ABC aired the show until canceling it in 1986, and presented a spin-off featuring the characters as children, A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, from 1988 until 1991. New Scooby-Doo series aired as part of Kids WB on The WB Network and its successor, The CW Network, Mystery Incorporated aired on Cartoon Network from 2010 to 2013, and Be Cool, Scooby-Doo. Debuted on Cartoon Network in 2015, repeats of the various Scooby-Doo series are broadcast frequently on Cartoon Network and its sister channel Boomerang in the United States as well as other countries. In 2013, TV Guide ranked Scooby-Doo the fifth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time, in 1968, parent-run organizations, particularly Action for Childrens Television, began to protest about what they perceived as excessive violence in Saturday morning cartoons. Members of these served as advisers to Hanna-Barbera and other animation studios to ensure that their new programs would be safe for children. The result was The Archie Show, based upon Bob Montanas teenage humor comic book Archie, also successful were the musical numbers The Archies performed during each program. When The Mysteries Five were not performing at gigs, they were out solving spooky mysteries involving ghosts, zombies, Ruby and Spears were unable to decide whether Too Much would be a large cowardly dog or a small feisty dog. Silverman rejected their initial pitch, and after consulting with Barbera on next steps, lead character designer Takamoto, while designing the characters, consulted a studio colleague who happened to be a breeder of Great Danes. Ruby and Spears second pass at the show used Dobie Gillis as the template for the rather than Archie. The treatment retained the dog Too Much, while reducing the number of teenagers to four, removing the Mike character and retaining Geoff, Kelly, Linda, and W. W. As their personalities were modified, so were the names, Geoff became Ronnie – later renamed Fred, Kelly became Daphne, Linda Velma. The teens were now based on four characters from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Dobie Gillis, Thalia Menninger, Zelda Gilroy and Maynard G. Krebs. The revised show was re-pitched to Silverman, who liked the material but, disliking the title Mysteries Five, Silverman presented Whos S-S-Scared. to the CBS executives as the centerpiece for the upcoming 1969–70 seasons Saturday morning cartoon block. CBS president Frank Stanton felt that the artwork was too scary for young viewers and, thinking the show would be the same. The rock band element was dropped, and more attention was focused upon Shaggy, the revised show was re-presented to CBS executives, who approved it for production. Made its CBS network debut on Saturday, September 13,1969 with its first episode, Scoobys speech patterns closely resembled an earlier cartoon dog, Astro from The Jetsons, also voiced by Messick
4.
All in the Family
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All in the Family is an American sitcom TV-series that was originally broadcast on the CBS television network for nine seasons, from January 1971 to April 1979. The following September, it was replaced by Archie Bunkers Place, the show is often regarded in the United States as one of the greatest television series of all time. It became the first television series to reach the milestone of having topped the Nielsen ratings for five consecutive years, the episode Sammys Visit was ranked number 13 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time ranked All in the Family as number four, bravo also named the shows protagonist, Archie Bunker, TVs greatest character of all time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked All in the Family the fourth-best written TV series ever, All in the Family is about a typical working-class family living in Queens, New York. Its patriarch is Archie Bunker, an outspoken, narrow-minded white man, Archies wife Edith is sweet and understanding, though somewhat naïve and uneducated, her husband sometimes disparagingly calls her dingbat. Their one child, Gloria, is kind and good-natured like her mother. Gloria is married to college student Michael Stivic – referred to as Meathead by Archie – whose values are likewise influenced and shaped by the counterculture of the 1960s, the two couples represent the real-life clash of values between the so-called Greatest Generation and Baby Boomers. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers home to save money, the show is set in the Astoria section of Queens, with the vast majority of scenes taking place in the Bunkers home at 704 Hauser Street. The house seen in the opening is at 89-70 Cooper Avenue near the junction of the Glendale, Middle Village, supporting characters represent the demographics of the neighborhood, especially the African American Jeffersons, who live in the house next door in the early seasons. Carroll OConnor as Archie Bunker, Frequently called a lovable bigot, a World War II veteran, Archie longs for better times when people sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced by the nostalgic theme song Those Were the Days. His ignorance and stubbornness seem to cause his arguments to self-destruct. He often rejects uncomfortable truths by blowing a raspberry, scott Brady, formerly of the Western series Shotgun Slade, also declined the role of Archie Bunker, but appeared four times on the series in 1976 in the role of Joe Foley. OConnor appears in all but seven episodes of the series run, Jean Stapleton as Edith Bunker, née Baines, Edith is Archies ditzy but kind-hearted wife. Despite their different personalities, they love each other deeply, Stapleton remained with the show through the original series run, but decided to leave before the first season of Archie Bunkers Place had wrapped up. At that point, Edith was written out as having suffered a stroke and died off-camera, Stapleton appeared in all but four episodes of All in the Family and had a recurring role during the first season of Archie Bunkers Place. In the series first episode, Edith is portrayed as being less of a dingbat and even refers to her husband as Mr. Religion. After they come home from church, something her character would not be expected to say later, sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, née Bunker, The Bunkers college-aged daughter is married to Michael Stivic
5.
The Waltons
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The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner, Jr. based on his book Spencers Mountain, and a 1963 film of the same name. The show is centered on a family in a rural Virginia community during the Great Depression, the series pilot aired as a television movie entitled The Homecoming, A Christmas Story and was broadcast on December 19,1971. Beginning in September 1972, the originally aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS, the Waltons was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. The main story takes place in Waltons Mountain, a town at the foot of a mountain in fictitious Jefferson County. The actual place upon which the stories are based is in Nelson County, Virginia, the time period is from 1933 to 1946, during the Great Depression and World War II, during the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman. The last episode of one, An Easter Story, is set in February–April 1934. The year 1934 takes two seasons to cover, while some years are covered over the course of a few months. The series finale, The Revel, revolves around a party, a span of 13 years is therefore covered in nine seasons. There are some errors, which ostensibly do not hinder the storyline. The series began relating stories that occurred 38 years in the past, the story is about the family of John Walton Jr. his six siblings, his parents John and Olivia Walton, and the elder Johns parents Zebulon Zeb and Esther Walton. John-Boy is the oldest of the children, who becomes a journalist and novelist. Each episode is narrated at the opening and closing by a middle-aged John Jr. John Sr. manages to eke out a living for his family by operating a mill with his sons help as they grow older. The family income is augmented by some small-scale farming, and John occasionally hunts to put meat on the table, the family shares hospitality with relatives and strangers as they are able. Jefferson County sheriff Ep Bridges, who fought alongside John in World War I, keeps law, the entire family attends a Baptist church, of which Olivia and Grandma Esther are the most regular attendees. The church that the Hamners actually attended was Schuyler Baptist Church, the church has helped host several events honoring Earl Hamner, Jr. including one in 2014. In the signature scene that closes almost every episode, the house is enveloped in darkness, save for one. Through voice-overs, two or more characters make some brief comments related to that events, and then bid each other goodnight
6.
Charlie's Angels
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Charlies Angels is an American crime drama television series that aired on ABC from September 22,1976 to June 24,1981, producing five seasons and 110 episodes. The series was created by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts and was produced by Aaron Spelling, there were a few casting changes, after the departure of Fawcett and Jackson, came the additions of Cheryl Ladd, Shelley Hack, and Tanya Roberts. By the third season, however, the show had fallen from the top 10, the fourth season of the show saw a further decline in ratings. But the changes could not stop the ratings and in 1981. The series continues to have a cult and pop culture following through syndication, DVD releases, Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts came up with the idea for a series about three beautiful female private investigators as a breakthrough but also escapist television series. Producers Aaron Spelling and Leonard Goldberg first considered actress Kate Jackson during the early stages of the series. She had proven popular with viewers in another television drama. Jackson was initially cast as Kelly Garrett, but was attracted to the role of Sabrina Duncan. Farrah Fawcett was next cast as Jill Munroe, but much like Jackson and she was offered a part by Spelling after he had viewed her performance in the science-fiction film Logans Run. Jaclyn Smith was among the hundreds of actresses who auditioned for the role of Kelly Garrett, despite liking Smith, Spelling and Goldberg were wary about hiring her because their initial concept concerned a brunette, blonde, and red-headed woman. Smith was the only brunette that auditioned for the role and was cast only after producers liked the on-screen chemistry she shared with Jackson, Goff and Roberts had first titled the series The Alley Cats in which the three females would reside in alleys and wear whips and chains. Jackson disapproved of the title, and since she was given semi-control over the development of the series, she encouraged producers to find a new title. However, it was Jackson who decided the three women would be called Angels after seeing a picture of three angels hanging in Spellings office, and the became known as Harrys Angels. This title was dropped, however, when ABC did not want to run into conflict with the series Harry O, with this, millionaire Charlie Townsend was an unseen character on the series who only spoke to the Angels via a Western Electric Speakerphone. John Forsythe, who played the unseen Charlie Townsend, directing the Angels crime-fighting operations over a speaker-phone, thus, Forsythe rarely met any of his female co-stars. Some years later, he bumped into Farrah Fawcett-Majors at the courts, as he recalled, I was coming off the court when she came up to me and said. I didnt even take my pajamas off – I just put on my topcoat, when it was finished, Aaron Spelling said, Thats perfect. And I went home and went back to bed, Spelling and Goldberg decided to add actor David Doyle to the cast as John Bosley, an employee of Charlie, who would frequently aid the Angels in their assignments
7.
Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)
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It was produced by Universal Television and was the second time programming of this nature had been attempted. The first TV miniseries, QB VII, had aired — also on ABC — in 1974 and these projects proved to be a critical and ratings success and were the forerunner for similar projects based on literary works, such as Roots and Shōgun. The film stars Peter Strauss, Nick Nolte and Susan Blakely and it spawned the sequel Rich Man, Poor Man Book II, which aired from September 1976 through March 1977. The network repeated the original series Tuesday nights at 9, 00pm from May to June 1977, rudy was the titular rich man, a well-educated and very ambitious entrepreneur who triumphed over his background and constructed a corporate and political empire. Poor man Tom was a rebel who eventually turned to boxing to support himself, axel and Mary were their parents, and Julie Prescott was Rudys lifelong sweetheart who eventually married him. Later, another important character appears, the dangerous and eccentric Falconetti, lifelong nemesis of the Jordache Brothers, while the first series spans a twenty year period between 1945 and 1965, the second series begins in 1968. The series became a success in the countries that aired it. Dean Riesner wrote all twelve episodes, and direction was shared by Bill Bixby, David Greene, the musical score was composed by Alex North, who was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special. Notes Rich Man, Poor Man at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Roots (1977 miniseries)
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Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haleys 1976 novel, Roots, The Saga of an American Family, the series first aired on ABC-TV in January 1977. Roots received 37 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won nine and it also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award. S. It was produced on a budget of $6.6 million, the series introduced LeVar Burton in the role of Kunta Kinte. A sequel, Roots, The Next Generations, first aired in 1979, and a sequel, Roots, The Gift. A related film, Alex Haleys Queen, is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, in 2016, a remake of the original miniseries, with the same name, was commissioned by the History Channel and screened by the channel on Memorial Day. In The Gambia, West Africa, in 1750, Kunta Kinte is born to Omoro Kinte, a Mandinka warrior, while trying to carry out a task to catch a bird and take it home unharmed, Kunta sees white men carrying firearms, along with their black collaborators. Later, while fetching wood outside his village to make a drum for his younger brother and he is then sold to a slave trader and placed aboard a ship under the command of Capt. Thomas Davies for a three-month journey to Colonial America. During the voyage a group of rebels among the human cargo try but fail to stage a mutiny, the ship eventually arrives in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1767, where the captured Africans are sold at auction as slaves. John Reynolds, an owner from Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg, buys Kunta. Reynolds assigns an older slave, Fiddler, to teach Kunta to speak English, Kunta, in a persistent struggle to become free again, makes several unsuccessful attempts to escape. Further, to preserve his Mandinka heritage and maintain his Mandinka roots, he not to change his name. An overseer, Ames, gathers the slaves and directs one of them to whip Kunta after his latest attempt to escape, for events that occur in 1775, between the above period and the post-Revolutionary War, where the next section begins, see Roots, The Gift. In 1776 the adult Kunta Kinte experiences serving as a slave and feels haunted by his Mandinka roots. Kunta tries again to escape, but a pair of slave-catchers seize him, bind him, Kunta meets Bell, the cook for Williams family. Bell successfully treats both Kuntas mangled foot and his wounded spirit, by 1780 he eventually submits to the harsh life, and he marries Bell in a ceremony, which includes jumping across a broom. Bell bears a daughter, to whom Kunta gives the name Kizzy, Fiddler continues to mentor and befriend Kunta, and Fiddler eventually dies at an old age in 1790. An adulterous relationship between Dr. William Reynolds and John Reynoldss wife produces a daughter, Anne, whom John apparently believes to be his own offspring. Missy Anne and Kizzy, about two younger than Anne, become playmates and best friends within the social limits of the plantation culture
9.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
10.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
11.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
12.
Syracuse University
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Syracuse University, commonly referred to as Syracuse, Cuse, or SU, is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States. The institutions roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, after several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church, the campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features a mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings. Syracuse University athletic teams, known as the Orange, participate in 20 intercollegiate sports, SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference for all NCAA Division I athletics, except for the mens rowing and womens ice hockey teams. SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary was founded in 1831 by the Genesee Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York, south of Rochester. In 1850, it was resolved to enlarge the institution from a seminary into a college, or to connect a college with the seminary, however, the location was soon thought by many to be insufficiently central. Its difficulties were compounded by the set of technological changes. The trustees of the college then decided to seek a locale whose economic. Meanwhile, there were years of dispute between the Methodist ministers, Lima, and contending cities across the state, over proposals to move Genesee College to Syracuse. At the time, the ministers wanted a share of the funds from the Morrill Land Grant Act for Genesee College and they agreed to a quid pro quo donation of $25,000 from Senator Cornell in exchange for their support for his bill. Cornell insisted the bargain be written into the bill and Cornell became New York States Land Grant University in 1865. In 1869, Genesee College obtained New York State approval to move to Syracuse, but Lima got an injunction to block the move. By that time, however, the injunction had been made moot by the founding of a new university on March 24,1870. On that date the State of New York granted the new Syracuse University its own charter, the City of Syracuse had offered $100,000 to establish the school. Bishop Jesse Truesdell Peck had donated $25,000 to the school and was elected the first president of the Board of Trustees. Rev. Daniel Steele, a former Genesee College president, served as the first administrative leader of Syracuse until its Chancellor was appointed, the university opened in September 1871 in rented space downtown. George F. Comstock, a member of the new Universitys Board of Trustees, had offered the school 50 acres of farmland on a hillside to the southeast of the city center
13.
Alpha Epsilon Pi
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Alpha Epsilon Pi is a college fraternity founded at New York University in 1913 by Charles C. The fraternity has more than 186 active chapters across the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Austria, Australia, and Israel, and has initiated more than 102,000 members. Although the fraternity is based upon Jewish principles, it is non-discriminatory and is open to all who are willing to espouse its purpose, Alpha Epsilon Pi was founded in 1913 under the Washington Square Arch at New York University by Charles C. These men are known as the Immortal 11 and their first pledge was Samuel L. Epstein. Moskowitz had just transferred to New York Universitys School of Commerce from the City College of New York, several fraternities at the School of Commerce expressed interest in him and one gave him a bid. The name of that fraternity is unknown, when Charles asked if his close Jewish friends could join as well, he was told that the invitation was for him alone. At this point, the group of 11 men began meeting regularly in a German rathskeller called Haans Ladies and Gentlemens Restaurant, Cafe, official school recognition of AEPi was granted on November 7. The founding members always intended for AEPi to be a national fraternity, long before the second chapter, the NYU group was designated Alpha Chapter. In 1917, the local fraternity Phi Tau at Cornell University became the Beta Chapter of AEPi, counting the Beta Chapter only fifty-two men had been initiated by April 6,1917, the date the United States formally declared war on Germany and her allies. Almost every undergraduate and alumnus answered the call of the causing the fraternity to become nearly inactive during the war years. In the years between the wars, Alpha Epsilon Pi had grown to twenty-eight chapters. But tough times were known to be forthcoming at the 1941 convention, expansion remained dormant throughout World War II. In 1940, Sigma Omega Psi joined Alpha Epsilon Pi adding three chapters, as did Sigma Tau Phi in 1947, the next two decades were a time of steady growth and prestige for Alpha Epsilon Pi, as well as other fraternities. Expansion was occurring at a rate for the Greek system as a whole. However, with the onset of fighting in Vietnam in the early 1960s, liberal student bodies revolted against authority and the Greek system, which was seen as a conservative, elitist group. Membership plummeted and nearly half the roll was lost. It almost looked as if it might have been the end for Alpha Epsilon Pi, however the fraternity was able to reverse the trend and stabilize following the Vietnam War. Reconnecting with its Jewish heritage, the men of Alpha Epsilon Pi refused to say die, in 2009, AEPi became the first fraternity to establish a chapter in Israel at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya
14.
Ohio State University
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The Ohio State University, commonly referred to as Ohio State or OSU, is a large, primarily residential, public university in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862, Hayes, and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to The Ohio State University. It has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States, along with its main campus in Columbus, Ohio State also operates a regional campus system with regional campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Newark, and Wooster. Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes, athletes from Ohio State have won 100 Olympic medals. The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports, the Ohio State mens ice hockey program competes in the Big Ten Conference, while its womens hockey program competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. In addition, the OSU mens volleyball team is a member of the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, OSU is one of only 14 universities that plays Division I FBS football and Division I ice hockey. As of August 2015, the university had awarded a total of 714,512 degrees, alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government, business, science, medicine, education, sports, and entertainment. Championed by the Republican stalwart Governor Rutherford B, Hayes, the Ohio State University was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university under the Morrill Act of 1862 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The school was originally within a community on the northern edge of Columbus. The university opened its doors to 24 students on September 17,1873, in 1878, the first class of six men graduated. The first woman graduated the following year, also in 1878, in light of its expanded focus, the Ohio legislature changed the name to the now-familiar The Ohio State University, with The as part of its official name. Ohio State began accepting students in the 1880s, and in 1891. It would later acquire colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, veterinary medicine, commerce, in 1916, Ohio State was elected into membership in the Association of American Universities. Michael V. Drake, former chancellor of the University of California, Irvine, in an attack against the campus on November 28,2016, an unrelated fluorine leak was called in for Watts Hall, resulting in the evacuation of the building to an outside courtyard. As firetrucks began to depart, Abdul Razak Ali Artan drove into the crowd, then emerged, the attack was stopped in under two minutes by OSU Police Officer Alan Horujko, who witnessed the attack after responding to the reported gas leak, and who shot and killed Artan. The universitys Buckeye Alert system was triggered and the campus was placed on lockdown, Ten were transported to local hospitals and one suspect was killed according to multiple sources. Local law enforcement and the FBI launched an investigation, according to authorities, Artan was inspired by terrorist propaganda from the Islamic State and radical Muslim cleric Anwar al-Awlaki. Ohio States 1, 764-acre main campus is about 2.5 miles north of the citys downtown, the historical center of campus is the Oval, quad of about 11 acres
15.
WGN-TV
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WGN-TV, virtual channel 9, is an independent television station located in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is the television property of the Tribune Broadcasting subsidiary of Tribune Media. WGN-TV is also a pioneering superstation, and formerly programmed an alternate feed for cable and satellite throughout the United States. However, WGN-TV regained national availability as the Chicago area feed was included as part of the offerings of Channel Masters LinearTV service. WGNs longtime slogan, Chicagos Very Own, was the basis for an image campaign of the 1980s and 1990s. WGN Television began test broadcasts in February 1948 and began programming on April 5 with a two-hour special, WGN-TV Salute to Chicago. It was founded by the Chicago Tribune – whose slogan Worlds Greatest Newspaper was the basis for the letters used by the television station. WGN-TV originally held dual primary affiliations with CBS and the DuMont Television Network, for its first 13 years on the air, WGN-TV had operated from the Tribune Tower at 435 North Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago. S. Supreme Court order forced Paramount Pictures to divest its chain of movie theaters – for $6, following a two-month cancellation clause, all of the CBS programs that WGN-TV had been airing were moved to the rechristened WBBM-TV, leaving channel 9 exclusively with DuMont. WGN-TV soon became one of DuMonts strongest affiliates, as well as a production center for that network. WGN-TV had also telecast performances of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, beginning in 1953, the station lost the DuMont affiliation when the network ceased operations on August 6,1956, at that point, WGN-TV became an independent station. For much of its existence, WGN-TV produced a number of its own programs at its studios. During the late 1950s, the station was affiliated with the NTA Film Network. In 1957, WGN-TV became one of the first television stations in the Chicago market to broadcast live programming in color, WGN-TV served as the Chicago affiliate of the United Network for its one month of existence in 1967, airing The Las Vegas Show. From 1974 to 1982, Phil Donahues syndicated daytime talk show Donahue originated from the WGN-TV studios, in 1975, the agriculture program U. S. Farm Report debuted in syndication, also originating from WGN-TVs studios.7 FM. WGN-TV began to be distributed across the United States through cable television in October 1978, after Tulsa, as WGN-TV gained national exposure, the station became vulnerable in the Chicago area and underestimated the ability of UHF competitor WFLD to acquire top-rated syndicated programs. As a result, WFLD edged ahead of WGN-TV in the ratings by the end of 1979, WGN-TV continued with its programming format, competing with WFLD and another UHF independent station, WSNS-TV
16.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
17.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
18.
WPIX
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WPIX, channel 11, is a television station located in New York City. Owned and operated by Tribune Media, WPIX is an affiliate, the stations studios and offices are located in Midtown Manhattan, and its transmitter is based at the Empire State Building. WPIX is also available as a regional superstation via satellite and cable in the United States, the station first signed on the air on June 15,1948, it was the fifth television station to sign on in New York City and was the markets second independent station. It was also the second of three stations to launch in the New York market during 1948, debuting one month after Newark-based independent WATV, since 1948, WPIXs studios and offices have been located in the Daily News Building at Second Avenue and East 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan. In its earliest years, WPIX maintained a studio at 110 Central Park South. British businessman Robert Maxwell bought the Daily News in 1991, Tribune retained WPIX and WQCD, the radio station was sold to Emmis Communications in 1997. To generations of New York children, channel 11 was also the home of memorable personalities, jazz singer Joya Sherrill hosted a weekday childrens show, Time for Joya. Channel 11 produced the Magic Garden series, which ran on the station from 1972 to 1984, in the late 1970s and 1980s, PIX Games were played during commercial breaks of afternoon programs, in which kids would call into the station for the chance to play for prizes. From its early years through the 1960s, WPIX, like the two major independents in New York – WOR-TV and WNEW-TV – struggled to acquire other programming. In 1966, WPIX debuted The Yule Log, which combines Christmas music with a loop of logs burning inside a fireplace. Airing on Christmas Eve and/or Christmas morning initially until 1989, the film was made in 1966 and was shot at the Gracie Mansion, WPIX revived the Yule Log due to viewer demand in 2001, and has proven to be just as popular. Several of Tribunes other television stations have carried the WPIX version, complete with its audio soundtrack, Channel 11 also airs a live broadcast of Midnight Mass from St. Patricks Cathedral every Christmas Eve. The stations famous Circle 11 logo – predating the existence of the World Trade Center, by the mid-1970s, WPIX emerged as the second highest-rated independent station in the area, behind WNEW-TV. The running gag in these ads was the fact that Tillman was constantly surrounded by – but never noticed – objects resembling a giant 11, in 1978, WPIX was uplinked to satellite and became a superstation that was distributed to cable providers throughout the U. S. Two years later, WPIX began operating on a 24-hour programming schedule, during the late 1980s, WPIX fell to sixth place in the ratings among New Yorks VHF stations, behind WNYW and a resurgent WWOR. In 1994, the became the exclusive home of the New York City Marathon. On November 2,1993, the Warner Bros, Television division of Time Warner and the Tribune Company announced the formation of The WB Television Network. WPIX could have been considered The WBs flagship station – however this is a designation in name only, the station was verbally branded as The WB, Channel 11, until it was simplified to WB11 in 1997
19.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
20.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
21.
Green Acres
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Green Acres is an American sitcom starring Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor as a couple who move from New York City to a country farm. Produced by Filmways as a show to Petticoat Junction, the series was first broadcast on CBS, from September 15,1965. Receiving solid ratings during its run, Green Acres was cancelled in 1971 as part of the rural purge by CBS. The sitcom has been in syndication and is available in DVD, in 1997 the two-part episode A Star Named Arnold is Born was ranked #59 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Following the success of The Beverly Hillbillies and Petticoat Junction, CBS offered producer Paul Henning another half-hour on the schedule—with no pilot required, Henning encouraged colleague Jay Sommers to create a series for the time slot. Sommers created the show based on his 1950 radio series, Granbys Green Acres, the radio series, which lasted 13 episodes, had starred Gale Gordon and Bea Benaderet as a big-city family who moved to the country. In pre-production, proposed titles were Country Cousins and The Eddie Albert Show, the theme tune, as with those of the shows rural cousins, explains the basic premise of the show. At the end of the sequence, Albert and Gabor strike a pose in parody of Grant Woods 1930 painting American Gothic. The debut episode is a mockumentary about their decision to move to a rural area, after the first episodes, the series developed an absurdist world. Though many episodes were still standard 1960s sitcom fare, the show notable for its surrealism. Characters frequently broke the wall to address the audience. The show appealed to children through its slapstick, silliness and shtick, the show is set in the same universe as Hennings other rural television comedy, Petticoat Junction, featuring such picturesque towns as Hooterville, Pixley, Crabwell Corners and Stankwell Falls. At times it shares some of the characters from Petticoat Junction, including Joe Carson, Fred and Doris Ziffel, Sam Drucker, Newt Kiley. Much of the humor derives from the Quixotic yet short-fused Oliver, there seems to be a dual perspective of reality, Oliver versus everyone else. The latter encompasses the Hootervillians, Olivers high-maintenance wife Lisa and his affluent mother, the contrast of Oliver versus the townsfolk is further emphasized by the brand-new Lincoln Continental convertible that he drives, in contrast to the ancient, derelict truck driven by Mr. Haney. Lisas skewed world view and domestic ignorance provides fertile ground for recurring gags, much of her early life was lived in Hungary, where she grew up pampered in a wealthy family, which explains her lack of education and her ignorance of normal household chores and everyday living. Oliver and she are both veterans of WWII, Oliver as a USAAF flier and Lisa as a member of the Hungarian underground and her waterless coffee oozes from the pot in a thick, tar-like sludge. Her hotcakes are inedible, so tough that Oliver makes head gaskets for his truck, in one episode, hotcake batter is used as fireplace mortar, in another, hotcakes are used to reshingle a roof
22.
Mayberry R.F.D.
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Mayberry R. F. D. is an American television series produced as a spin-off and direct continuation of The Andy Griffith Show. When star Andy Griffith decided to leave his series, most of the characters returned for the new program. During the final season of The Andy Griffith Show, widower farmer Sam Jones and his young son Mike are introduced, sheriff Andy Taylor takes a backseat in the storylines, establishing the sequel series. The shows first episode, Andy and Helens Wedding, had the highest ratings in recorded television history, sheriff Taylor and newlywed wife Helen make guest appearances on Mayberry R. F. D. until late 1969 and then relocate with Opie. Mayberry R. F. D. was popular throughout its entire run, father and son stories involving Sam and Mike Jones are reminiscent of the parent series. Both characters are introduced in the last season of The Andy Griffith Show, most of town folk from TAGS reprise their roles in the sequel. Loyal Mayberry citizens Goober Pyle, Clara Edwards, Emmett Clark, sheriff Andy Taylor and his sweetheart, Helen Crump, marry in the sequels first episode. Both make additional appearances, then leave the series in late 1969 with a move to Raleigh, North Carolina, Aunt Bee becomes Sams housekeeper but leaves after the second season to be replaced by Sams cousin, Alice Cooper. Don Knotts and Ronny Howard as Barney Fife and Opie Taylor respectively, actress Arlene Golonka becomes Sams love interest in the sequel. A recurring black character named Ralph lives with a teen daughter, farrah Fawcett played a showgirl in Millie the Model. Jodie Foster, sister of regular cast member Buddy Foster, played a fairy in The Church Play, teri Garr played a cashier in Miss Farmerette. Will Geer played Captain Wolford in Aunt Bees Cruise, natalie Schafer played Cornelia Willoughby in Goober the Housekeeper. An NBC reunion movie, Return to Mayberry, was produced in 1986, ken Berry, Buddy Foster and Arlene Golonka dont appear in the movie, nor do TAGS regulars Frances Bavier, Elinor Donahue, and Jack Burns. Nevertheless, Return does share continuity with the R. F. D, storyline, by maintaining that Andy and Helen are married. However, Andy and Helens son, Andy Jr. is never mentioned, on April 8,2014, Warner Home Video released the first season on DVD in Region 1. NOTE, The highest average rating for the series is in bold text, the social upheaval that occurred during The Andy Griffith Shows final 1968 season had much of the nation wistful for a more stable, idealistic America. The final episode of The Andy Griffith Show was titled Mayberry RFD, the series bowed out as the number one-rated show. The producers, however, chose to forgo a big overhaul and instead stuck with the premise of a widower, his son
23.
Hee Haw
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Hee Haw was an American television variety show featuring country music and humor with fictional rural Kornfield Kounty as a backdrop. It aired on CBS from 1969–1971 followed by a 21-year run in local syndication, the show was inspired by Rowan & Martins Laugh-In, the major difference being that Hee Haw was far less topical, and was centered on country music and rural culture. Hee Haws appeal, however, was not limited to a rural audience and it was successful in all of the major markets, including New York, Los Angeles, Boston, and Chicago. Other niche programs such as The Lawrence Welk Show and Soul Train also rose to prominence in syndication during the era. Like Laugh-In, the show minimized production costs by taping all of the sketches for a season in batches, setting up for the Cornfield one day. At the height of its popularity, a seasons worth of shows would be taped in two separate week-long sessions, then individual shows were assembled from edited sections. Only musical performances were taped with an audience, a laugh track was added to all other segments. The series was taped for CBS at its network affiliate WLAC-TV in downtown Nashville, the show was produced by Yongestreet Productions through the mid-1980s, it was later produced by Gaylord Entertainment, which distributed the show in syndication. The shows name was coined by show business talent manager and producer Bernie Brillstein, much of Hee Haws origin was Canadian. The series creators, comedy writers Frank Peppiatt and John Aylesworth, were from Canada, from 1969 until the late 1980s, Hee Haw was produced by Yongestreet Productions, named after Yonge Street, a major thoroughfare in Toronto. Gordie Tapp and Don Harron, both writer/performers on the show, were also Canadian, Hee Haw premiered on CBS as a summer 1969 replacement for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. Though the show had respectable ratings, it was dropped in July 1971 by CBS as part of the so-called Rural Purge, silvermans view won out, and CBS canceled the rural shows in summer 1971. Undaunted, the put together a syndication deal for the show. After Owens left, Clark was assisted each week by a music celebrity co-host. Like Hee Haw, Lawrence Welk was picked up for syndication in the fall of 1971, in the fall of 1991, in an attempt to win back viewers and attract a younger audience, the shows format and setting underwent a dramatic overhaul. The changes included a new title, more pop-oriented country music, the first of the new shows aired in January 1992. Despite the attempt to keep the fresh, the changes alienated many of its longtime viewers while failing to gain the hoped-for younger viewers. During the summer of 1992, a decision was made to end first-run production, under the new format, Clark hosted a mixture of classic clips and new footage
24.
The Beverly Hillbillies
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The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons, from September 26,1962, to March 23,1971. The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning and it was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS, Petticoat Junction, and its spin-off Green Acres, which reversed the rags-to-riches model of The Beverly Hillbillies. It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run, the series remains in syndication on MeTV, and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox. In 1997, the season 3 episode Hedda Hoppers Hollywood was ranked number 62 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, the Beverly Hillbillies is the first in the fish out of water genre of television shows. The series starts as Jed Clampett, a mountaineer, is living alongside an oil-rich swamp with his daughter. A surveyor for the OK Oil Company realizes the size of the oil field, patriarch Jeds cousin Pearl prods him to move to California after being told his modest property could yield $25 million. His family moves into a mansion in wealthy Beverly Hills, California and they bring a moral, unsophisticated, and minimalistic lifestyle to the swanky, sometimes self-obsessed and superficial community. Double entendres and cultural misconceptions are the core of the sitcoms humor, plots often involve the outlandish efforts Drysdale makes to keep the Clampetts in Beverly Hills and their money in his bank. The familys periodic attempts to return to the mountains are often prompted by Grannys perceiving a slight from one of the city folk, the state in which Ozarks, the location from which the Clampetts move to California, is located is never revealed. Jed is the son of Luke Clampett and his wife, and has a sister called Myrtle, a principal character of the show, Jed is a good-natured man, he is the apparent head of the family. Jeds wife died, but is referred to in the episode Duke Steals A Wife as Rose Ellen, Jed is shown to be an expert marksman and is extremely loyal to his family and kinfolk. The huge oil pool in the swamp he owned was the beginning of his rags-to-riches journey to Beverly Hills, although he longs for the old ways back in the hills, he makes the best of being in Beverly Hills. Whenever he has anything on his mind, he sits on the curbstone of his mansion, Jed was one of the three characters to appear in all 274 episodes of the series. Daisy May Moses, called Granny by all is Jeds shotgun-toting mother-in-law, Granny can be aggressive, but is often overruled by Jed. She is a Confederate to the core, defending President Jefferson Davis, the Stars and Bars, short-fused and easily angered, Granny fancies herself a dunked Christian with forgiveness in her heart. She abhors revenuers and blue-coat Yankees, a self-styled M. D. — mountain doctor — she claims to have an edge over expensive know-nothing city physicians. In lieu of anesthesia, Granny uses her white lightning brew before commencing on painful treatments such as bleeding and yanking teeth with pliers. Short and scrappy, Granny often wields a double-barreled, 12-gauge shotgun and she fires it once at the front lawn when Jed is witching for water and several times on the skeet-shooting range
25.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show
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The program featured American televisions first never-married, independent career woman as the central character. It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in US television history and it received high praise from critics during its run, including Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row, and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No.6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. Mary Richards is a woman who, at age 30. She applies for a job at television station WJM. She is instead offered the position of associate producer of the stations Six OClock News and she befriends her tough but lovable boss Lou Grant, newswriter Murray Slaughter, and buffoonish anchorman Ted Baxter. Mary later becomes producer of the show, Mary rents a third-floor studio apartment in a 19th-century house from acquaintance and downstairs landlady, Phyllis Lindstrom, and she and upstairs neighbor Rhoda Morgenstern become best friends. Characters introduced later in the series are acerbic, man-hungry TV hostess Sue Ann Nivens, at the beginning of season 6, after both Rhoda and Phyllis have moved away, Mary relocates to a one-bedroom high-rise apartment. In the third season, issues such as pay for women, pre-marital sex. In the fourth season, such subjects as marital infidelity and divorce are explored with Phyllis and Lou, in the fifth season, Mary refuses to reveal a news source and is jailed for contempt of court. While in jail, she befriends a prostitute who seeks Marys help in a subsequent episode, Mary dates several men on and off over the years, two seriously, but remains single throughout the series. In 1995, Entertainment Weekly said that TVs most famous bachelorette pad was Marys apartment, the fictitious address was 119 North Weatherly, but the exterior establishing shots were of a real house in Minneapolis at 2104 Kenwood Parkway. In the real house, an unfinished attic occupied the space behind the window recreated on the studio set of Marys apartment. Once fans of the series discovered where exterior shots had been taken, according to Moore, the woman who lived in the house was overwhelmed by the people showing up and asking if Mary was around. To discourage crews from filming footage of the house, the owners placed an Impeach Nixon sign beneath the window where Mary supposedly lived. The house continued to attract 30 tour buses a day more than a decade after production ended, at the time of Mary Tyler Moores death, on January 25,2017, the Kenwood Parkway house was for sale at $1.7 million. Mary Richards, a single native Minnesotan, moves to Minneapolis in 1970 at age 30 and her sincere, kind demeanor often acts as a foil for the personalities of her co-workers and friends. Lou Grant is the Producer of the news and his tough and grumpy demeanor initially hides his kind-hearted nature which is gradually revealed as the series progresses
26.
M*A*S*H (TV series)
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M*A*S*H is an American television series developed by Larry Gelbart, adapted from the 1970 feature film MASH. The shows title sequence features a version of Suicide Is Painless. The show was created after an attempt to film the original sequel, M*A*S*H Goes to Maine. The television series is the version of the M*A*S*H works. The series premiered in the U. S. S. television history at the time, with a record-breaking 125 million viewers and it had struggled in its first season and was at risk of being cancelled. Season two of M*A*S*H placed it in a time slot, the show became one of the top 10 programs of the year. It is still broadcast in syndication on television stations. The series, which depicted events occurring during a war, spanned 256 episodes. The Korean War lasted 1,128 days, meaning each episode of the series would have averaged almost four, Many of the stories in the early seasons are based on tales told by real MASH surgeons who were interviewed by the production team. Like the movie, the series was as much an allegory about the Vietnam War as it was about the Korean War. The episodes Abyssinia, Henry and The Interview were ranked number 20 and number 80, respectively, in 2002, M*A*S*H was ranked number 25 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the fifth-best written TV series ever, M*A*S*H aired weekly on CBS, with most episodes being a half-hour in length. The series is usually categorized as a comedy, though it is also described as a dark comedy or a dramedy because of the dramatic subject material often presented. The show was an ensemble piece revolving around key personnel in a United States Army Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War, the 4077th MASH was one of several surgical units in Korea. As the show developed, the took on more of a moralistic tone. Richard Hooker, who wrote the book on which the television, while the show is traditionally viewed as a comedy, many episodes were of a more serious tone. Airing on network primetime while the Vietnam War was still going on, for this reason, the shows discourse, under the cover of comedy, often questioned, mocked, and grappled with Americas role in the Cold War. Episodes were both plot- and character-driven, with episodes being narrated by one of the shows characters as the contents of a letter home
27.
Cannon (TV series)
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Cannon is a CBS detective television series produced by Quinn Martin which aired from 1971 to 1976. The primary protagonist is the character, private detective Frank Cannon. He also appeared on two episodes of Barnaby Jones. Cannon is the first Quinn Martin-produced series to be aired on an other than ABC. A revival television film, The Return of Frank Cannon, was aired on November 1,1980, in total, there were 124 episodes. Frank Cannon was a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department, however he retired after the deaths of his wife and son in a car accident, the series begins at the point where Cannon is just beginning this new career. The cause of death of Cannons wife and child was not clear through the first four seasons of the show, however, the first episode of the fifth and final season revolves around Cannons investigation of the deaths, and he finally finds out the reason they were killed. The noticeably overweight Frank Cannon had expensive tastes, especially in food, Cannons investigations were mostly for clients in the Southern California area, although on occasion he was called in for investigations much farther away. Cannon occasionally would get hurt and knocked unconscious and he carried a gun for self-defense, usually a snub-nosed.38 Special revolver. He was known to subdue suspects with karate chops, judo holds, in the first two seasons Cannon was a pipe smoker. In the third season, the pipe was seen occasionally, it was dropped altogether. Frank Cannon had his first meeting with Barnaby Jones, an aging veteran private investigator who had retired and turned over his agency to his son, with the aid of Cannon and Hals widow, Betty Jones, they hunt down Hals killer. Afterward, Jones decides to out of retirement. William Conrad appeared as Cannon in the guise of a special guest star, there was a second crossover between the series. In an episode of his Thames Television series, British comedian Benny Hill parodied 1970s American detective shows, a female cast member played the role of Pepper Anderson. The comedian Franklyn Ajaye does a routine where he mentions that it takes Frank Cannon so long to get out of his car 2-3 times a show there is hardly time for anything else. In Mystery Science Theater 3000, one of the more absurd inventions displayed by the Mad Scientists was a William Conrad Refrigerator Alert, impressionist Billy Howard included Cannon as one of the detectives parodied in his novelty hit record King of the Cops. In an era before cell phone use, Cannon was using a phone in his car
28.
Barnaby Jones
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Barnaby Jones is a television detective series starring Buddy Ebsen and Lee Meriwether as a father and daughter-in-law who run a private detective firm in Los Angeles, California. The show was introduced as a replacement on the CBS network. Halfway through the run, Mark Shera was added to the cast as the cousin of Ebsens character. William Conrad guest-starred as Frank Cannon of Cannon on the first Barnaby Jones episode, Requiem for a Son, the series was produced by QM Productions. It had the second longest QM series run following the eight years of The FBI, the series bore the Quinn Martin trademark where commercial breaks divided each episode into 4 Acts concluding with an epilogue. The opening credits were narrated by Hank Simms, after Barnaby Jones had worked as a private eye for many years, he decided to retire and left the business to his son Hal. When Hal was murdered while working on a case, Barnaby came out of retirement to find the killer and his widowed daughter-in-law, Betty Jones, joined forces with him to solve the case. The two decided that they worked so well together, they would continue to keep the detective agency open, Jones was unusual, ordering milk in restaurants and bars, counter to the stereotypical hard-drinking detective. Until the cancellation of Cannon, the characters of both moved back and forth between the two shows. In 1976, the character of J. R. the son of Barnabys cousin and he had come to try to solve the murder of his father, but stayed around to help Barnaby and Betty, while also attending law school. During the first year of the series, a theme would be where Jones would make an astute observation or collect a sample. The show was cancelled in 1980 due to declining ratings, Ebsen had also had enough of playing the role, after the series cancellation, reruns could be seen in syndication. During the mid-1990s, Meriwether and Shera expressed interest in a Barnaby Jones reunion television movie, however, in 1993, Ebsen reprised the role of Barnaby Jones in the big-screen remake of his most famous television series, The Beverly Hillbillies. It would be his final theatrical appearance, among the guest stars who appeared over the years were Conlan Carter and Gary Lockwood, who appeared together in the third episode of the series entitled Sunday, Doomsday on February 25,1973. Marshall Colt, later cast with James Arness on McClains Law, donald May played the role of Curt Phillips in the 1978 episode Blind Jeopardy. Character actress Lurene Tuttle played Emily Carter in the 1980 episode The Killin Cousin, future Trapper John, M. D. stars Pernell Roberts, Gregory Harrison, and Charles Siebert all made guest appearances on one episode. Future WKRP in Cincinnati stars Loni Anderson and Gary Sandy made guest appearances, on February 16,2010, CBS DVD released season one of Barnaby Jones on DVD in Region 1 for the first time. The episodes on the DVD include their broadcast trailers, as of September 2014, this release has been discontinued and is out of print
29.
Kojak
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Kojak was an American crime drama television series starring Telly Savalas as the title character, New York City Police Department Detective Lieutenant Theo Kojak. Taking the time slot of the popular Cannon series, it aired on CBS from 1973 to 1978, in 1999 TV Guide ranked Theo Kojak number 18 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list. The show was created by Abby Mann, an Academy Award–winning film writer best known for his work on drama anthologies such as Robert Montgomery Presents and Playhouse 90. Universal Television approached him to do a story based on the 1963 Wylie-Hoffert Career Girls Murders, Mann developed the project as a gritty police procedural, but with a subtext focusing on institutionalized prejudice and the civil rights of suspects and witnesses. The result was the 1973 made-for-TV movie, The Marcus-Nelson Murders, the opening and closing titles of the film emphasized the point that it was a fictional account of the events that led to the creation of Miranda rights by the U. S. Supreme Court in 1966. Telly Savalas starred in The Marcus-Nelson Murders as a detective whose last name was spelled Kojack. The film served as a pilot for the Kojak television series, Kojak himself was a composite character, based on a number of detectives, lawyers, and reporters who were involved in the Wylie-Hoffert murder case. The series was set in the New York City Police Departments Eleventh Precinct, Manhattan South Patrol Borough. and Cootchie-coo. Kojak was stubborn and tenacious in his investigation of crimes—and also displayed a dark, cynical wit and he frequently ribbed his subordinates, especially the rotund Stavros, whom he referred to as Fatso. Foot chase scenes involving Stavros also brought on the type of physical humor. However, Kojak was especially abusive toward criminals, often stretching the truth, one of whom Kojak said he witnessed them do something he did not actually witness, Kojak was so abusive, Mad Magazine carried a TV satire titled, Kojerk. In the context of the script, Kojaks was seen as typical squad room humor, Kojaks Greek American heritage, shared by actor Savalas, was featured prominently in the series. In the early episodes of the series, Kojak is often seen smoking cigarettes, following the 1964 Surgeon Generals Report on smoking, cigarette commercials were banned from American television in 1971, and trying to quit smoking became common in the 1970s. To cut down on his own habit, Kojak began using lollipops as a substitute, later in the episode, Kevin Dobsons character Crocker asks about the lollipop and Kojak replies, Im looking to close the generation gap. Later in the series, McNeil was promoted to Chief of Detectives in Manhattan, Kojak is the commander of the Manhattan South Precincts detective squad. His squad includes one of his employees, young plainclothes officer. Detective Stavros, Detective Saperstein, and Detective Rizzo, all gave Kojak support, roger Robinson appeared in 12 episodes as Detective Gil Weaver. Among the guest stars in the original run were F
30.
The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour
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The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour is an American variety show starring American pop-singer Cher and her husband Sonny Bono. The show ran on CBS in the United States, when it premiered in August 1971, the show was canceled May 1974, due to the couples divorce, though the duo would reunite in 1976 for the identically formatted The Sonny & Cher Show, which ran until 1977. In 1971, Sonny and Cher had stopped producing hit singles as a duet act, Chers first feature film, Chastity, was not a success, and the duo decided to sing and tell jokes in nightclubs across the country. CBS head of programming Fred Silverman saw them one evening and offered them their own show, the show was taped at CBS Television City in Hollywood. The show was a Top 20 hit in the ratings for its entire run, each episode would open with the shows theme song, which would segue into the first few notes of The Beat Goes On. Every episode, Sonny would exchange banter with Cher, allowing Cher to put down Sonny in a comic manner, Comedy skits would follow, mixed in with musical numbers. At the end of episode, Sonny and Cher would sing their hit I Got You Babe to the audience. There were many regular cast members who appeared in sketches, some notables include Teri Garr, Murray Langston, Jack Harrell, and Steve Martin. The show was scheduled to return for a season in October 1974. However, Sonny and Cher separated that fall, resulting in the cancellation of the show, in 2004, selected episodes from The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour were released in a three-disc set on Region 1 DVD. It ended with all the characters from each skit all converging to sing the chorus together. In later seasons, the Vamp sketch was replaced with Shady Miss Lady Luck, Sonnys Pizza, Sonny as the proprietor of a pizza restaurant whose food, according to almost everyone except Sonny himself, is not fit to be eaten. Mr. & Ms. Gender-bending sketch with Cher as the winner in the household, working as a business executive. She would come home to Sonny, a beleaguered house-husband who usually complained about how bad his day had been, the Fortune Teller, Cher inside a fortune-telling vending machine. At The Laundrette, Laundromat sketch with Cher as Laverne, a housewife with tacky fashion sense cracking jokes to straight-woman Olivia, in 1974, Sonny and Cher agreed to end the show as they were separating from each other. Their timeslot was given to Tony Orlando and Dawn the next fall and they both starred in separate variety shows over the next two years. Sonny Bonos 1974 variety series, The Sonny Comedy Revue, led off the ABC Sunday night lineup, but lasted just 13 episodes. While it retained the team behind The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, Bonos solo effort was largely a victim of the shows weak time slot
31.
Maude (TV series)
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Maude is an American sitcom that was originally broadcast on the CBS network from September 12,1972, until April 23,1978. Maude embraces the tenets of womens liberation, always votes for Democratic Party candidates, strongly supports legal abortion, however, her overbearing and sometimes domineering personality often gets her into trouble when speaking about these issues. Unusual for a U. S. sitcom, several episodes featured only the characters of Maude and Walter, Season 4s The Analyst was a solo episode for Beatrice Arthur, who delivered a soul-searching, episode-length monologue to a silent psychiatrist. Maude Findlay first appears in a pair of two episodes of All in the Family, the first in December 1971, and the second, essentially setting up the premise of the Maude series. She is Edith Bunkers cousin who has married four times. Her first husband, Barney, had died shortly after their marriage, Albert was never portrayed on screen, but the episode Poor Albert revolved around his death, while former second husband Chester would appear on the show. Her current husband, Walter Findlay, owns a store called Findlays Friendly Appliances. Maude and Walter met just before the 1968 presidential election, Maude sometimes gets in the last word during their many arguments with her hallmark catchphrase, Godll getcha for that, Walter. Maudes deep, raspy voice is also a comic foil whenever she answers the phone and explains No, this is not Mr. Findlay. Mr. Findlay has a higher voice. Maudes daughter from her first marriage, Carol Traynor, is divorced and has one child. Carol and her son, Phillip, live with the Findlays, though single, Carol maintains her reputation of dating many men. She dates various men throughout early seasons, eventually forming a relationship with a man named Chris in the later seasons. Like her mother, Carol is a liberal feminist who is not afraid to speak her mind. After the fourth season, with a new time slot and a drop in the ratings, Vivian has been Maudes best friend since they both attended college together. At the beginning of the series, Arthur is a widower, Arthur and Vivian begin dating at the beginning of the second season and marry each other by the end of the season. For the entire run of the show, Maude also has a housekeeper, at the beginning of the series, the Findlays hire Florida Evans, a no-nonsense black woman who often has the last laugh at Maudes expense. Maude often makes a point of conspicuously and awkwardly demonstrating how open-minded, despite Floridas status as a maid, Maude emphasizes to Florida that they are equals, and insists she enter and exit the Findlay house via the front door
32.
The Jeffersons
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The Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS from January 18,1975, through July 2,1985, lasting 11 seasons and a total of 253 episodes. The show focuses on George and Louise Jefferson, a successful African-American couple who have moved from Queens to Manhattan following the success of Georges dry-cleaning business chain. The show was launched as the second spin-off of All in the Family, on which the Jeffersons had been the neighbors of Archie, the show was the creation of Norman Lear. The Jeffersons eventually evolved into more of a traditional sitcom but did reference such issues as alcoholism, racism, suicide, gun control, the epithets nigger and honky were used occasionally, especially during the earlier seasons. The Jeffersons had one spin-off, titled Checking In, the series was centered on the Jeffersons housekeeper, Florence. Checking In only lasted four episodes, after which Florence returned to The Jeffersons, the Jeffersons also shared continuity with the show E/R, which featured Lynne Moody, who made a guest appearance in one episode of The Jeffersons. Sherman Hemsley guest-starred as George in two episodes of the series, which lasted for one season, the Jeffersons ended in controversy after CBS abruptly canceled the series without allowing for a proper series finale. The cast was not informed until after the July 2,1985, episode Red Robins, the cast reunited in a stage play based on the sitcom. In the 1996 series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, in an episode of Tyler Perrys House of Payne in 2011, Sherman Hemsley and Marla Gibbs reprised their roles of George Jefferson and Florence Johnston. In 1985, Hemsley and Sanford made a special joint guest appearance in the Canale 5 comedy show Grand Hotel, starring Italian actors Paolo Villaggio, Franco & Ciccio comic duo and Carmen Russo. They were guests in the hotel, and appeared just twice during the show. Their voices were dubbed by Italian actors Enzo Garinei and Isa di Marzio, Louise Jefferson, played by Isabel Sanford, first appeared in the All in the Family episode Lionel Moves Into the Neighborhood, which was broadcast on March 2,1971. The episode, the eighth of the series, centers on Louise, her son Lionel, Lionel, played by Mike Evans, first appeared in Meet the Bunkers, the premiere episode of All in the Family. Norman Lear created the character of George Jefferson specifically for Hemsley, Lear created the character of Henry Jefferson, Georges younger brother, and replaced George with Henry in the seriess scripts until Purlie finished its run. Mel Stewart was cast as Henry, George was introduced in the episode Henrys Farewell, and Hemsley and Stewart share their only scene together in its final minutes. The episode marked the appearance of Henry. George, Louise, and Lionel continued to appear on All in the Family until 1975, when the spin-off The Jeffersons, also created by Lear, premiered. The characters of Lionels biracial fiancée, Jenny, and her family, the Jeffersons premiered the following week, on January 18,1975
33.
Rhoda
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Rhoda was an American sitcom starring Valerie Harper which aired a total of 109 half-hour episodes and one hour-long episode over five seasons from September 9,1974 to December 9,1978. After four seasons, Rhoda left Minneapolis and returned to her hometown of New York City. The series was the winner of two Golden Globes and two Emmy Awards, Rhoda was filmed Friday evenings in front of a live studio audience at CBS Studio Center, Stage 14 in Studio City, Los Angeles, California. While there, she meets Joe Gerard, a handsome divorcé who owns a company and has a ten-year-old son, Donny. Following Brendas prompting, Rhoda and Joe meet and develop an instant attraction to each other leads to their dating nightly for the duration of her vacation. After an argument about their feelings for other, Joe asks Rhoda to stay in New York City. The first episode of Season 1, entitled Joe, aired on CBS on Monday and this record continues to stand after over 40 years. Rhoda and Brenda soon realize that the studio apartment cant hold them both, so Rhoda moves in with their parents Ida and Martin at their apartment in the Bronx. Ida and Martin are the stereotypical Jewish parents, Ida is overbearing, overprotective, benevolently manipulative, and desperate to ensure her daughters find a good husband. Martin is her dutiful, mild-mannered dad, Ida initially goes to great lengths to baby her daughter. When it becomes apparent Rhoda is sliding into a rut by occupying her childhood bedroom, as the weeks go by, the relationship between Joe and Rhoda quickly blossoms. By the sixth episode, Pop Goes the Question, an insecure Rhoda asks Joe where their relationship is heading and his response is to invite Rhoda to move in with him. Rhoda attempts to convince Joe that they are compatible and would be a happily married couple. After some hesitation, Joe agrees and a wedding is planned, eight weeks into the series on Monday, October 28,1974, Rhoda and Joe were married in a special hour-long episode which broke several television records. Heavily publicized, it became the television episode of the 1970s. Additionally, on the night of its airing it had become the second most-watched television episode of all time and it was watched by more than 52 million Americans, over half of the US viewing audience. At the conclusion of the episode, Monday Night Football host Howard Cosell joked on the air that he had not been invited to the wedding, and welcomed viewers back to the game. Vogue magazine reported that people across the country had pulled off the road checking into motels, the only major characters who didnt attend were Ted Baxter and Sue Ann Nivens
34.
The Bob Newhart Show
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The Bob Newhart Show is an American sitcom produced by MTM Enterprises that aired on CBS from September 16,1972, to April 1,1978, with a total of 142 half-hour episodes spanning over six seasons. Comedian Bob Newhart portrays a psychologist having to deal with his patients, the show was filmed before a live audience. The show centers on Robert Hartley, Ph. D. a Chicago psychologist, Carlin was ranked 49th in TV Guides List of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time, and Riley reprised the character in guest appearances on both St. Elsewhere and Newhart. Most of the situations involve Newharts character playing straight man to his wife, colleagues, friends, and patients. A frequent running gag on the show is an extension of Newharts stand-up comedy routines, where Newhart played one side of a telephone conversation, in a nod to this, for the first two seasons, the episodes opened with Bob answering the telephone by saying Hello. Emily routinely acts as straight woman to slow-witted Howard, and on occasion to Bob, during the winter of the 1976–77 season, the program moved to 8,30 p. m. EST. For its final season during 1977–78, the moved to 8,00 p. m. EST. The program typically aired following The Mary Tyler Moore Show, which was produced by MTM Enterprises. In 1977, the show received two Emmy nominations – for Outstanding Comedy Series and for Pleshette for Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Comedy Series, Newhart was nominated for Golden Globes as Best TV Actor—Musical/Comedy in 1975 and 1976. In 1997, the episodes Over the River and Through the Woods and Death Be My Destiny were respectively ranked No.9, TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time listed it as No.44. In 2007, Time magazine placed the show on its unranked list of 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME, bravo ranked Bob Hartley 84th on their list of the 100 greatest TV characters. In 2004, TV Land commemorated the show with a statue of Newhart in character as Dr. Hartley, seated and facing an empty couch, the statue was temporarily installed in front of 430 North Michigan Avenue, the building used for exterior establishing shots of Hartleys office. The statue is now located in the sculpture park in front of Chicagos Navy Pier entertainment complex. In 2005, the TV Land Awards honored The Bob Newhart Show with its Icon Award, in 2013, TV Guide ranked the series #49 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. St. Elsewhere Jack Riley reprised his Elliot Carlin role on a 1985 episode of St. Elsewhere and partnered with Oliver Clark as the amnesiac John Doe Number Six. Carlin and Doe have been committed to the mental ward. Carlin blames his insanity on an unnamed quack in Chicago, while Oliver Clarks recurring portrayal of John Doe Number Six is essentially identical to Mr. Herd, the two are never stated to be the same individual. In a nod to the Mary Tyler Moore Show, John Doe Number Six addresses a character played by Betty White as Sue Ann Nivens, which Betty Whites character denied
35.
Good Times
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Good Times is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from February 8,1974, to August 1,1979. It was created by Eric Monte and Mike Evans, and developed by Norman Lear, Good Times is a spin-off of Maude, which is itself a spin-off of All in the Family. Florida and James Evans and their three children live at 921 N. Gilbert Ave. apartment 17C, in a project in a poor. The project is unnamed on the show, but is implicitly the infamous Cabrini–Green projects, Florida and James have three children, James Jr. also known as J. J. Thelma, and Michael, called the militant midget by his father due to his passionate activism, when the series begins, J. J. is seventeen years old, Thelma is sixteen, and Michael is eleven. Their exuberant neighbor, and Floridas best friend, is Willona Woods and their building superintendent is Nathan Bookman, who James, Willona and later J. J. refer to as Buffalo Butt, or, even more derisively, Booger. The characters originated on the sitcom Maude as Florida and Henry Evans, with Florida employed as Maude Findlays housekeeper in Tuckahoe, New York, and Henry employed as a firefighter. When producers decided to feature the Florida character in her own show, they changed the history, Henrys name became James, there was no mention of Maude. Episodes of Good Times deal with the attempts to overcome poverty living in a high rise project building in Chicago. James Evans often works at least two jobs, mostly manual labor such as dishwasher, construction laborer, etc, often he is unemployed, but he is a proud man who will not accept charity. When he has to, he hustles money playing pool, although Florida disapproves of this, Good Times was intended to be a good show for Esther Rolle and John Amos. Both expected the show to deal with topics in a comedic way while providing positive characters for viewers to identify with. However, Jimmie Walkers character of J. J. was a hit with audiences. J. J. s frequent use of the expression Dy-no-mite, credited to director John Rich, became a popular catchphrase. Rich insisted Walker say it in every episode, Walker and executive producer Norman Lear were skeptical of the idea, but the phrase and the J. J. Evans character caught on with the audience. As a result of the popularity, the writers focused more on J. J. s comedic antics instead of serious issues. Through seasons two and three, Rolle and Amos grew increasingly disillusioned with the direction of the show and especially with J. J. s antics, Rolle was vocal about her dislike of his character. In a 1975 interview with Ebony magazine she stated, Hes 18 and he doesnt work
36.
Happy Days
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Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15,1974, to September 24,1984, on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presents a vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States. The series was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions and Henderson Productions in association with Paramount Television, Happy Days was one of the highest-rated shows of the 1970s. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, in later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzies young cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. Each of the seasons of the series roughly tracks the eleven years from 1955 to 1965, inclusive. The show is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008, the leather jacket worn by Winkler during the series was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History. With season four, Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio, Al Molinaro also played Als twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachis mother and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale, the most major character changes occurred after season five with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzies cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola. Originally, the character Spike was supposed to be the character who became Chachi, after Ron Howard left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie, both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Rogers brother Flip and they were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi, Al Molinaro also left Happy Days in season 10 for Joanie Loves Chachi. Pat Morita then returned to the cast as Arnold in his absence, in season 11, the story line of Richie and Lori Beth is given closure with the two-part episode Welcome Home. Richie returns home from the Army, but barely has time to unpack when he learns that his parents have lined up a job interview at the Milwaukee Journal for him. However, they are taken aback when he tells them he prefers to take his chances in California to become a Hollywood screenwriter. They remind him of his responsibilities and while Richie gives in, he becomes angry and discontent, after a confrontation that ends with a conversation with Fonzie, he decides to face his family and declare his intentions. While somewhat reluctant at first, they support him and bid Richie, Lori Beth, Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the first seven years of the series
37.
Game show
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Alternatively, a gameshow can be a demonstrative program about a game. In the former, contestants may be invited from a pool of public applicants, on some shows, contestants compete against other players or another team, while other shows involve contestants playing alone for a reward or a high score. Game shows often reward players with prizes such as cash, trips and goods and services provided by the shows sponsor prize suppliers, One of the reasons that television broadcasters make game shows is because they are substantially less costly than producing scripted drama shows. Some TV game shows fall under the category of reality television, Television game shows descended from similar programs on radio. The very first television show, Spelling Bee, was broadcast in 1938. Truth or Consequences was the first game show to air on commercially licensed television and its first episode aired in 1941 as an experimental broadcast. Over the course of the 1950s, as began to pervade the popular culture. Daytime game shows would be played for lower stakes to target stay-at-home housewives, higher-stakes programs would air in primetime. During the late 1950s, high-stakes games such as Twenty One, however, the rise of quiz shows proved to be short-lived. In 1959, many of the higher stakes game shows were discovered to be rigged, an early variant of the game show, the panel game, survived the quiz show scandals. On shows like Whats My Line, ive Got A Secret and To Tell The Truth, panels of celebrities would interview a guest in an effort to determine some fact about them, in others, celebrities would answer questions. Panel games had success in primetime until the late 1960s, when they were dropped from television because of their perceived “low budget” nature. Panel games made a comeback in American daytime television in the 1970s through comedy-driven shows such as Match Game, mock the Week, QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats, all of which put a heavy emphasis on comedy, leaving the points as mere formalities. The focus on quick-witted comedians has resulted in ratings, which. Game shows remained a fixture of US daytime television through the 1960s after the quiz show scandals, lower-stakes games made a slight comeback in daytime in the early 1960s, examples include Jeopardy. Which began in 1964 and the version of The Match Game first aired in 1962. Lets Make a Deal began in 1963 and the 1960s also marked the debut of Hollywood Squares, Password, The Dating Game, though CBS gave up on daytime game shows in 1968, the other networks did not follow suit. Color television was introduced to the game genre in the late 1960s on all three networks
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The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)
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The Price Is Right is an American television game show created by Bob Stewart, Mark Goodson and Bill Todman. The show revolves around contestants competing to identify accurate pricing of merchandise to win cash, Contestants are selected from the studio audience when the announcer proclaims the shows famous catchphrase, Come on down. The program premiered on September 4,1972 on CBS, Bob Barker was the series longest-running host from its 1972 debut until his retirement in June 2007, when Drew Carey took over. Barker was accompanied by a series of announcers, beginning with Johnny Olson, followed by Rod Roddy, in April 2011, George Gray became the announcer. The show has used models, most notably Anitra Ford, Janice Pennington, Dian Parkinson, Holly Hallstrom. While retaining some elements of the version of the show. The Price Is Right has aired over 8,000 episodes since its debut and is one of the network series in United States television history. In a 2007 article, TV Guide named The Price Is Right the greatest game show of all time, the shows 45th season premiered on September 19,2016. At the beginning of the show, four contestants are called from the audience by the announcer to take a spot on the front row behind bidding podiums and this area is known as Contestants Row. The announcer shouts Come on down, after calling each selected contestants name, a phrase which has become a trademark of the show. The four contestants in Contestants Row compete in a round to determine which contestant will play the next pricing game. A prize is shown and each contestant gives a single bid for the item, in the first One-Bid game of each episode, bidding begins with the contestant on the viewers left-to-right. In subsequent One-Bid rounds, the order of bidding moves from the viewers left-to-right. Contestants are instructed to bid in whole dollars since the price of the item is rounded to the nearest dollar. If a contestant thinks the others have overbid, he or she bids $1 on the item, the contestant whose bid is closest to the actual retail price of the prize without going over wins that prize and gets to play the subsequent pricing game. If all four contestants overbid, short buzzer tones sound, the lowest bid is announced, the host then instructs the contestants to re-bid below the lowest previous bid. If a contestant bids the actual retail price, a bell rings, from the introduction of the bonus in 1977 until 1998, the perfect bid bonus was $100, it was permanently increased to the current $500 in 1998. On The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular, after each pricing game, another contestant is called to come on down to fill the spot of the contestant that won the previous round
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Mark Goodson
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His parents, Abraham Ellis and Fannie Goodson, emigrated from Russia in the early 1900s. As a child, Goodson acted in theater with the Plaza Stock Company. The family later moved to Hayward, California, originally intending to become a lawyer, Goodson attended the University of California, Berkeley. He financed his education through scholarships and by working at the Lincoln Fish Market and he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1937 with a degree in Economics. That year, he began his career in San Francisco. In 1939 he joined radio station KFRC, where he produced and hosted a quiz called Pop the Question in which contestants selected questions by throwing darts at multi-colored balloons. Goodson and long-time partner Bill Todman produced some of the game shows in US television history. Their first television show, Winner Take All, debuted on CBS television on July 1,1948. The long list of Goodson-Todman productions includes The Price Is Right, Family Feud, Match Game, Password, Beat the Clock, To Tell the Truth, Ive Got a Secret, Whats My Line. The shows endured through the decades, many over multiple runs, Goodson-Todman Productions/Mark Goodson Productions creates content for US channels and other international channels. The people who worked for the company and created most of the Goodson-Todman shows were pivotal to the success of those shows, Goodson-Todman was involved with the 1969 pilot of The Jokers Wild, along with creator Jack Barry, but severed ties with Barry shortly afterward. For many years, the company was headquartered in the Seagram Building at 375 Park Avenue, New York City, most of the companys production moved to Hollywood in the early seventies, starting with the ABC revival of Password in 1971. The Los Angeles offices were based first at 6430 Sunset Boulevard, the companys last New York-based show was the 1980s version of To Tell the Truth, but the New York office remained open and was used for East Coast Childs Play auditions. A few years after Bill Todmans death in 1979, Goodson acquired the Todman heirs share of the company, traditionally, shows would sign off with This is speaking for. A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production/A Mark Goodson Television Production, at the close of each episode of The Price Is Right since then, the announcer credits the show as a FremantleMedia Production. In 1990, Goodson received the Emmy Award Lifetime Achievement Award for Daytime Television, two years later, in 1992, Goodson earned induction into the Television Hall of Fame. In Germany, Match Game was known as Schnickschnack, in the United Kingdom, it was known as Blankety Blank, while in Australia, it was known as Blankety Blanks. Most Grundy-produced counterparts of Goodson-Todman games had low payouts, but made up for it with almost identical sets or unique sets of their own
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Bill Todman
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William S. Bill Todman was an American television producer and personality born in New York City. He produced many of televisions longest running shows with business partner Mark Goodson, the firm represented some of the United States biggest companies, including The New York Stock Exchange, American Stock Exchange, Polaroid, Eastman Kodak, Chase Manhattan Bank among many others. Frederick S. Todman lectured in post World War II Japan as part of that countrys economic reconstruction, Bill Todmans brother, Howard, was Vice President and Treasurer for Goodson-Todman Productions. Todman teamed up with Mark Goodson for radio shows, according to radio historian J. David Goldin, among their early work together was the show Treasury Salute, a program syndicated by the Treasury Department which honored military members. They later collaborated in producing shows for radio, then moved into television. Their many shows included Beat the Clock, Card Sharks, Family Feud, Match Game, Password, Tattletales, The Price Is Right, To Tell the Truth and Whats My Line. Although both men created the programs, Todman gradually became involved with the day-to-day operations of the game show business. Todman was the genius behind diversifying Goodson-Todman into the newspaper, radio, the television business was lucrative but not nearly as much as the other businesses in which Todman invested, which earned millions. Goodson continued to work on game shows while Todman expanded the company, Todman died two days before his 63rd birthday, on July 29,1979 in New York City as a result of a heart condition. Goodson-Todman game shows that were running at the time continued to be billed as A Mark Goodson — Bill Todman Production. In the early 1980s, Goodson acquired the Todman heirs share of the company, childs Play, which premiered in 1982, was the first show to be billed as simply A Mark Goodson Television Production. Todman was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2011, Todmans son, Bill Todman, Jr. is a successful film producer who has produced more than 20 major motion pictures
41.
Match Game
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Match Game is an American television panel game show that premiered on NBC in 1962 and was revived several times over the course of the next few decades. The game featured contestants trying to come up with answers to fill-in-the-blank questions, the Match Game in its original version ran on NBCs daytime lineup from 1962 until 1969. The show returned with a changed format in 1973 on CBS and became a major success, with an expanded panel, larger cash payouts. Concurrently with the run, from 1975 to 1981, a five-night-a-week fringe time version. It returned to ABC in a prime time edition on June 26,2016. All of these used the 1970s format as their basis. The series was a production of Mark Goodson/Bill Todman Productions, along with its successor companies, in 2013, TV Guide ranked the 1973–79 version CBS version of Match Game as No.4 on its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. The Match Game premiered on December 31,1962, Gene Rayburn was host and Johnny Olson served as announcer, for the series premiere, Arlene Francis and Skitch Henderson were the two celebrity panelists. The show was taped in Studio 8H at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, NBCs largest New York studio, a team scored 25 points if two teammates matched answers or 50 points if all three contestants matched. The first team to score 100 points won $100 and played the Audience Match, each contestant who agreed with the most popular answer to a question earned the team $50, for a possible total of $450. The questions used in the game were commonplace, Name a kind of muffin, Write down one of the words to ‘Row, Row, Row Your Boat’ other than ‘Row, the humor in the original series came largely from the panelists reactions to the other answers. In 1963, NBC cancelled the series with six weeks left to be recorded, question writer Dick DeBartolo came up with a funnier set of questions, like Mary likes to pour gravy all over Johns _____, and submitted it to Mark Goodson. NBC also occasionally used special episodes of the series as a program in prime time if one of its movies had an irregular time slot. The Match Game continued through September 26,1969 on NBC for 1,760 episodes, airing at 4,00 pm Eastern, running 25 minutes due to a five-minute newscast. Since Olson split time between New York and Miami to announce The Jackie Gleason Show, one of the networks New York staff announcers filled-in for Olson when he could not attend a broadcast. A successful match won a jackpot, which started at $500, very few episodes of the 1960s The Match Game survive. In the early 1970s, CBS vice president Fred Silverman began overhauling the networks programming as part of what has become known as the rural purge. As part of overhaul, the network reintroduced game shows beginning in 1972
42.
Hanna-Barbera
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Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. was an American animation studio that dominated American television animation for over three decades in the mid 20th century. In late 1966, it was sold to Taft Broadcasting and spent two decades as its subsidiary and it is officially considered the very first major animation studio to successfully produce cartoons exclusively for television. For their achievements, Hanna and Barbera together won seven Academy Awards, eight Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, the pair was also inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1993. Hanna-Barberas fortunes declined in the mid-1980s when the profitability of Saturday morning cartoons was eclipsed by weekday afternoon syndication, in late 1991, the animation studio was purchased from Taft by Turner Broadcasting System, who used much of its back catalog to program its new channel, Cartoon Network. After Turner purchased the company, Hanna and Barbera continued to serve as creative consultants, Turner merged with Time Warner in 1996 and the studio became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Animation, into which Hanna-Barbera was absorbed after Hanna died in 2001, Cartoon Network Studios continued the projects for the channels output. Barbera went on to work for Warner Bros, Animation until his death in 2006. As of 2017, the studio exists as a unit used to market properties and productions associated with the Hanna-Barbera library. Melrose, New Mexico native William Hanna and New York City-born of Italian heritage Joseph Barbera first met while working at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio in 1939. Their first directorial production and collaboration was the Academy Award-nominated Puss Gets the Boot, Hanna and Barbera served as directors of the shorts for over 20 years, with Barbera in charge of the stories and pre-production and Hanna in charge of supervising the animation. Hanna also provided the screams, yelps and yells for Tom Cat, in addition to the series being nominated for twelve more Oscars, seven of the cartoons won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject between 1943 and 1953. The trophies were awarded to their producer Fred Quimby, who was not involved in the development of the shorts. In addition to their work on the cartoons, the two men moonlighted on outside projects, including the title sequences and commercials for the CBS sitcom I Love Lucy. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer decided in early 1957 to close its cartoon studio, as it felt it had acquired a reasonable backlog of shorts for re-release, Hanna and Barbera, contemplating their future while completing the final Tom and Jerry cartoons, began producing animated TV commercials. During their last year at MGM, they developed a concept for an animated TV program about a dog, a coin toss determined that Hanna would have precedence in the naming the new studio. Harry Cohn, president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18 percent ownership in Hanna and Barberas new company, H-B Enterprises, Screen Gems became the new studios distributor and its licensing agent, handling merchandizing of the characters from the animated programs. Sidney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the board of directors. H-B Enterprises was one of the first American cartoon studios to produce cartoons specifically for TV broadcast
43.
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!
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Scooby-Doo, Where Are You. is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera, the first incarnation of the long-running Scooby-Doo franchise. Created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears, it premiered on CBS and it ran for three seasons for a total of 41 episodes. Its final first-run episode aired on October 31,1970, the entire 1978 season is sometimes marketed as the third season of the original Where Are You. Originally titled Mysteries Five, and later Whos S-S-Scared, underwent a number of changes from script to screen. However, the basic concept—four teenagers and a cowardly, clumsy Great Dane solving supernatural-related mysteries—was always in place, Scooby-Doo creators Joe Ruby and Ken Spears served as the story supervisors on the series. Ruby, Spears, and Bill Lutz wrote all of the scripts for the seventeen episodes, while Lutz, Larz Bourne. The plot varied little from episode to episode and their destination turns out to be suffering from a monster problem. The gang volunteers to investigate the case, the gang splits up to cover more ground, with Fred and Velma finding clues, Daphne finding danger, and Shaggy and Scooby finding food, fun, and the ghost/monster, who chases them. Scooby and Shaggy love to eat, including dog treats called Scooby Snacks which are a favorite of both the dog and the teenage boy, if a trap is used, it may or may not work. Invariably, the ghost/monster is apprehended and unmasked, the second season featured chase scene songs produced by La La Productions. These songs were written by Danny Janssen and Austin Roberts, and were performed by Roberts, theme song for the second season. Theme song has been covered by several famous bands. Episodes contained a track, one of the first Saturday morning cartoon shows to do so. It was removed for syndication in the 1980s, not long after the Turner networks began airing the show in 1994, the laugh track was reinstated in 1997. In 2005, Scooby Doo, Where Are You, came 49th in Channel 4s 100 Greatest Cartoons, in the UK, and was more recently voted the 8th greatest Kids TV Show by viewers of the same channel. It was ranked the 24th greatest cartoon on IGNs Top 100 Animated Series, on July 4,2002, Warner Home Video released four episodes from the series on a compilation DVD in Region 1 entitled Scooby-Doos Creepiest Capers. They later released all 25 episodes on DVD in Region 1 on March 16,2004 under the title Scooby-Doo, the Complete First and Second Seasons. A DVD entitled Scooby-Doo, Where Are You, the Complete Third Season was released on April 10,2007, made up of episodes produced in 1978, added to the Scoobys All-Stars package, and later syndicated as part of The Scooby-Doo Show
44.
Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
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Frederick Herman Freddy Jones is a fictional character in the American animated series Scooby-Doo, about a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane companion, Scooby-Doo. He is voiced by Frank Welker, in all series, Fred wears a blue and/or white shirt and blue jeans. In the original series, Fred wears an ascot tie. In the 1990s direct-to-video movies and in the 2000s series Whats New, Freds outfit was given an update, with the removal of his orange ascot and two blue stripes added to his sleeves. He is often shown constructing various Rube Goldberg traps for villains, Fred usually takes the lead in solving mysteries. When searching for clues, Fred and Daphne usually go together with Velma coming along, although generally a very nice and handsome guy, Fred can be bossy at times and will force Shaggy and Scooby to hang around until the mystery is solved. In each episode, Fred would blame the crime on the neighborhood bully and this more ditsy and scatterbrained version of Fred was also carried over to Whats New, Scooby-Doo. In this teenage version, he is shown to have many interests, Fred Jones was inspired by the titular character of the late 1950s/early 1960s American sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, as played by Dwayne Hickman. Some network sales presentation art from a version of Scooby-Doo. Frank Welker, a comedian and impressionist, was asked by the network to audition for the voice of Fred, although he had originally intended to audition for first Scooby-Doo. Being cast as Fred led to the start of a long, prolific career in voice work for Welker, Fred Jones has been given two different first names. Haunted Holidays, he is called Frederick, while in Scooby-Doo, adventures, The Mystery Map, he is called Fredward. Mystery Incorporated, it was revealed that Freds father Fred Jones Sr. was not, in fact, his biological father and his biological parents Brad Chiles and Judy Reeves later returned, but Fred continued to use the last name of Jones. In the series finale, when the universe is restarted to where Fred was never raised by Fred Jones Sr. but rather his biological parents and his middle name is stated to be Herman. Frank Welker Carl Steven Freddie Prinze, Jr. Ryan Vbra Young Fred in Scooby-Doo 2, Chris Cox Robbie Amell Jim Wise provides the singing for Fred in Scooby-Doo. Relatives of Freds shown or mentioned during the series include, Mayor Frederick Jones Sr. Freds illegal father in Scooby-Doo, Mystery Incorporated, voiced by Gary Cole. Mystery Incorporated, Freds fake father is the mayor of Crystal Cove and he is self-centered and more interested in his status as town mayor and keeping the towns tourist industry going, something he tries to force on his son. In order to make sure two members never returned, he took Fred as an infant as blackmail, raising him as his own son and he is later arrested for his crimes
