Frederick V was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and reigned as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of
Portrait by Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt, c. 1630
Portrait of Frederick by Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt, 1613
Elizabeth Stuart in 1613, later Queen of Bohemia, called the Winter Queen
Heidelberg Castle and the Hortus Palatinus commissioned by Frederick, and designed by English architect Inigo Jones (1573–1652) and French engineer Salomon de Caus (1576–1626), painting by Jacques Fouquier
Palatinate campaign
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The Palatinate campaign, also known as the Spanish conquest of the Palatinate or the Palatinate phase of the Thirty Years' War was a campaign conducted by the Imperial army of the Holy Roman Empire ag
Don Ambrogio Spinola, Imperial army commander
