1.
Frederick Hamilton March
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Frederick Hamilton March, GC, MBE was an Australian soldier and adventurer. He served in the Middle East during the First World War and he received the Empire Gallantry Medal, then the highest civilian gallantry award in the British Empire, for his conduct during the assassination of the Governor-General of Sudan, Sir Lee Stack. He was involved with the Sudanese Ministry of Agriculture during his working career. March was born at Bowning, New South Wales and he claimed that he ran away from his home, and stowed away on a ship sailing from Sydney to San Francisco. In the United States, he worked with General Motors in Detroit, before the First World War, he returned to New South Wales. He was employed as a show man. He also ran hire cars at Moss Vale, when the First World War started, March enlisted as a private in the Australian Imperial Force in September 1915, giving his occupation as chauffeur. He served in the Middle East with the 7th Light Horse Regiment and he was discharged from the AIF in 1919 in Egypt, having achieved the rank of sergeant. After the war, he never returned to his home country, March worked as a chauffeur to Sir Lee Stack, the Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. On 19 November 1924, Stack was shot and assassinated, March was also wounded, but he evaded a second hail of bullets by skilful driving. He was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal from King George V, on the publication of the warrant creating the George Cross by King George VI, in January 1941, all holders of the EGM were instructed to return that medal, and it was replaced by the GC. He received compensation money for his wounds, and he bought a garage in Cairo with that money, March worked on military road-building projects in Sinai and Palestine in the Second World War. He lost contact with his family after the death of his mother in 1948 and he was involved with the Sudanese Ministry of Agriculture for the rest of his working life. He received the Queens Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977 and he died on 30 October 1977. He was buried in the Christian cemetery in Khartoum, in 1978, he was reburied in the adjacent Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery at the insistence of the Returned and Services League of Australia
2.
Racine, Wisconsin
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Racine or is a city in and the county seat of Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River, Racine is located 22 miles south of Milwaukee. As of the 2013 U. S. census, the city had a population of 78,199 and its median home price of $103,625 makes it one of the most affordable cities in Wisconsin to buy a home. In January of 2017, it was rated the most affordable place to live in the world by the Demographia International Housing Affordability survey, Racine is the headquarters of a number of industries, including J. I. Case, S. C. Johnson & Son, Dremel Corporation, Reliance Controls Corporation, Twin Disc, the Mitchell & Lewis Company, a wagonmaker in the 19th century, began making motorcycles and automobiles as Mitchell-Lewis Motor Company at the start of the 20th century. Racine was also home to InSinkErator, the first garbage disposal, malted milk balls were developed in Racine. Architects of the city included A. Arthur Guilbert and Edmund Bailey Funston, historians separate the natives living in the Root watershed at that time into Woodland people, who were more common, and Hopewell people, who were more advanced. After European contact, the Miami and later the Potawatomi expanded into the area and these were the first Europeans known to visit what is now Racine County. Further expeditions were made in the area by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679 and by François Jolliet De Montigny and Jean Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes in 1698. Nearly a century later, in 1791, a trading post would be established along Lake Michigan near where the Root River empties into it. Following the Blackhawk War, the area surrounding Racine, which had previously been off-limits, was settled by Yankees from upstate New York and New England. In 1834 Captain Gilbert Knapp USRM, who was from Chatham, Massachusetts, Knapp had first explored the area of the Root River valley in 1818, and returned with financial backing when the war ended. Within a year of Knapps settlement hundreds of settlers from New England and western New York had arrived. Some of the settlers were from the town of Derby, Connecticut, the area was previously called Kipi Kawi and Chippecotton by the indigenous peoples, both names for the Root River. The name Port Gilbert was never accepted, and in 1841 the community was incorporated as the village of Racine. After Wisconsin was admitted to the Union in 1848, the new legislature voted in August to incorporate Racine as a city, in 1852, Racine College, an Episcopal college, was founded, it closed in 1933. Its location and many of its buildings are preserved today by the Community of St. Mary as part of the DeKoven Center, also in 1852, Racine High School, the first public high school in Wisconsin, opened. The high school operated until 1926, when it was torn down to make way for the new Racine County Courthouse, washington Park High School was built to replace it
3.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
4.
Florence Eldridge
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Florence Eldridge was an American actress. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in Play in 1957 for her performance in Long Days Journey into Night, born Florence McKechnie in Brooklyn, Eldridge attended public schools there. Eldridge made her Broadway debut at age 17 as a member of Rock-a-Bye Baby at the Astor Theatre. In 1965, she and husband Fredric March did a tour under the auspices of the U. S. State Department. Eldridge wrote that they were experimenting to see if a couple doing excerpts from plays on a bare stage could reach. Eldridge was married to March from 1927 until his death in 1975 and she died of a heart attack aged 86. She was buried alongside her husband at the March Estate in New Milford, Connecticut
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
7.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
8.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931 film)
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Marchs performance has been much lauded, and earned him his first Academy Award. The film tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a kind English doctor in Victorian London, one evening, Jekyll attends a party at the home of his fiancée Muriel Carew, the daughter of Brigadier General Sir Danvers Carew. After the other guests have left, Jekyll informs Sir Danvers that, after speaking to Muriel, Sir Danvers sternly refuses Jekylls request. Later, while walking home with his colleague, Dr. John Lanyon, Jekyll spots a bar singer, Ivy Pierson, Jekyll drives the man away and carries Ivy up to her room to attend to her. Ivy begins flirting with Jekyll and feigning injury, but Jekyll fights temptation, Muriel and Sir Danvers leave London for a few months. In the meantime, Jekyll develops a drug that releases the evil side in himself, along with his behavior, Dr. Jekylls appearance changes as well. He transforms into something more menacing and primitive looking, unlike Dr. Jekyll, Hyde has no conscience. Hyde has no restrictions, no boundaries, he is free to do what he pleases, Hyde returns to the music hall where Ivy works, and offers to tend to her financial needs in return for her company. Hyde manipulates Ivy into accompanying him by terrorizing her, being violent and he remains at her boarding house until he finds out that Muriel and her father are returning to London, and leaves Ivy but threatens her that hell be back. On advice from her landlady Mrs. Hawkins, Ivy goes to see Dr. Jekyll, when she arrives, Ivy sees that the celebrated Dr. Jekyll was the same man who saved her from abuse just months before. She breaks down in tears over her situation with Hyde, Jekyll is extremely distraught over the pain that he has caused her and promises Ivy that she will never have to worry about Hyde again. While on his way to a party at the Carews home to celebrate their return, Ivy, who thought she was free of Hyde forever, is terrified when Hyde appears before her. Hyde angrily confronts her about seeing Jekyll and, just before murdering her, reveals that he and Jekyll are one, Hyde escapes and heads back to Jekylls house but his servant Poole refuses to open the door. Desperate, Hyde writes a letter to Lanyon from Jekyll instructing Lanyon to get certain chemicals and have them waiting for him at Lanyons home, when Hyde arrives, Lanyon pulls a gun on him and demands that Hyde take him to Jekyll. Hyde tells Lanyon that Jekyll is safe, but Lanyon doesnt believe him, realizing there is not much time, Hyde drinks the formula in front of Lanyon. Lanyon is shocked to witness the transformation and tells his friend that he has damned his soul for tampering with the laws of God. With Ivys murder, Sir Danvers anger towards him for missing the party and he later goes to the Carews where Sir Danvers coldly rejects his visit but Muriel welcomes him. Jekyll, realizing the monster he really is, tells Muriel that he cannot be with her anymore and he feels that he is already damned and fears that he will harm her
9.
The Best Years of Our Lives
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The Best Years of Our Lives is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7,1944, Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, Glory for Me, robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay. In addition to its success, the film quickly became a great commercial success upon release. It remains the sixth most-attended film of all time in the UK, the film had one of the highest viewing figures of all time, with ticket sales exceeding $20.4 million. After World War II, Fred Derry, Homer Parrish, Fred was a decorated Army Air Forces captain and bombardier in Europe. Homer lost both hands from burns suffered when his aircraft carrier was sunk, and now uses mechanical hook prostheses, Al served as an infantry platoon sergeant in the Pacific. All three have trouble adjusting to civilian life, Al has a comfortable home and a loving family, wife Milly, adult daughter Peggy, and college freshman son Rob. He returns to his old job as a loan officer. The bank president views his military experience as valuable in dealing with other returning servicemen, when Al approves a loan to a young Navy veteran, however, the president advises him against making a habit of it. Before the war, Fred had been an unskilled drugstore soda jerk and he wants something better, but the tight postwar job market forces him to return to his old job. Fred had met Marie while in training and married her shortly afterward. She became a waitress while Fred was overseas. Marie makes it clear she does not enjoy being married to a soda jerk. Homer was a quarterback and became engaged to his next door neighbor, Wilma. Both Homer and his parents now have trouble dealing with his disability and he does not want to burden Wilma with his handicap so he eventually pushes her away, although she still wants to marry him. Peggy meets Fred while bringing her home from a bar where the three men meet once again
10.
Long Day's Journey into Night
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Long Days Journey into Night is a drama in four acts written by American playwright Eugene ONeill in 1941–42 but first published in 1956. The play is considered to be his magnum opus. The play premiered in Sweden in February 1956 and then opened on Broadway in November 1956, ONeill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work. Long Days Journey into Night is often regarded to be one of the finest American plays of the 20th century, the play concerns the Tyrone family – including parents James and Mary and their sons Edmund and Jamie. Mary is addicted to drugs and Edmund is ill with tuberculosis, the Long Day refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day. The play takes place on a day in August 1912. The setting is the seaside Connecticut home of the Tyrones Monte Cristo Cottage, the four main characters are the semi-autobiographical representations of ONeill himself, his older brother, and their parents. The pain of this family is made worse by their depth of self-understanding and self-analysis, combined with a brutal honesty, as they see it, and an ability to boldly express themselves. The story deals with the addiction to morphine, the family’s addiction to whiskey, the father’s miserliness, the older brother’s licentiousness. James Tyrone is a 65-year-old actor who had long ago bought a vehicle play for himself and had established his reputation based on this one role with which he had toured for years. Although that vehicle had served him well financially, he is now resentful that his having become so identified with this character has limited his scope and he is a wealthy though somewhat miserly man. His money is all tied up in property which he hangs on to in spite of impending financial hardship and his dress and appearance are showing signs of his strained financial circumstances, but he retains many of the mixed affectations of a classical actor in spite of his shabby attire. His wife Mary has recently returned from treatment for addiction and has put on weight as a result. She is looking much healthier than the family has been accustomed to, however, she still retains the haggard facial features of a long-time addict. As a recovering addict, she is restless and anxious and she also suffers from insomnia, which is not made any easier by her husband and childrens loud snoring. He questions her about it indirectly and she reassures him that she just went there to get away from her husbands snoring. In addition to Marys problems, the family is worried about Edmunds coughing, they fear that he might have tuberculosis, Edmund is more concerned about the effect a positive diagnosis might have on his mother than on himself. The constant possibility that she might relapse worries him still further, once again, he indirectly speaks to his mother about her addiction
11.
Wisconsin
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Wisconsin is a U. S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, the state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline, Wisconsin is known as Americas Dairyland because it is one of the nations leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology, and tourism are major contributors to the states economy. The word Wisconsin originates from the given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River, arriving in 1673, subsequent French writers changed the spelling from Meskousing to Ouisconsin, and over time this became the name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling from Ouisconsin to Wisconsin when they began to arrive in numbers during the early 19th century. The legislature of Wisconsin Territory made the current spelling official in 1845, the Algonquin word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that lines its banks, other theories include claims that the name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning red stone place, where the waters gather, or great rock. Wisconsin has been home to a variety of cultures over the past 12,000 years. The first people arrived around 10,000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation and these early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals such as the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin. After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the Effigy Mound culture. Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin. The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact, the first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local Native Americans. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien
12.
Presbyterianism
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Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles, particularly Scotland. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the form of church government. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, the Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church, the Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom, Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization and worship, often using a Book of Order to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism, many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning, Presbyterian government is by councils of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, teaching elders have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors are called by individual congregations, a congregation issues a call for the pastors service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. Ruling elders are usually laymen who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the elders, assuming responsibility for nurture. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance and this group may variously be known as a Deacon Board, Board of Deacons Diaconate, or Deacons Court. These are sometimes known as presbyters to the full congregation, above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations, the presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. The Church of Scotland abolished the Synod in 1993, Presbyterian governance is practised by Presbyterian denominations and also by many other Reformed churches
13.
Washington Park High School
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Washington Park High School is a public, four-year high school in Racine, Wisconsin, USA, with an enrollment of over 2,400 students. Its school colors are blue and orange, the schools mascot, the panther, was adopted by the Class of 1949, reportedly because of a nearby Native American effigy mound in the shape of a panther. The school traces its roots to 1852 when Racine High School, in 1926, the Racine School Board decided to replace Racine High School with a new school that eventually became Park. The new Washington Park High School opened in 1928, the school building was designed by the Racine architect J. Mandor Matson. The school mascot is the panther, much of the history and memorabilia from Racine High School were moved to Park. The statue of Joan of Arc that was donated by the Racine High School Class of 1904 is displayed in Parks foyer, the schools newspaper, The Beacon, and the school yearbook Kipikawi, were also both carried over from Racine High School. The rivalry began in 1928, when the two schools opened, the rivalry is most notable between the schools football teams who have played at least once every year since 1928. Thy light shall guide us, Thy beacon bright and true, fergus – Wisconsin State Assemblyman Kenneth L. Greenquist – Wisconsin State Senator Solomon Hutcherson - former MMA and UFC fighter. Abdul Jeelani – NBA player with the Dallas Mavericks and Portland Trail Blazers John L, official Park High web site Park High School athletics web site Racine history, Racine High School Park High School Turns 75, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, May 8,2004
14.
Alpha Delta Phi
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Alpha Delta Phi is a North American Greek-letter secret and social college fraternity. Alpha Delta Phi was founded as a society by Samuel Eells in 1832 at Hamilton College in Clinton. Its more than 50,000 alumni include former presidents and senators of the United States, in 1992, five chapters withdrew from the male-only organization to become co-educational, and formed the Alpha Delta Phi Society, a separate and independent organization. When Samuel Eells arrived on campus at Hamilton College, he found two existing literary societies, the Phoenix and the Philopeuthian, the latter of which he reluctantly joined. Eells proposed to members from both the Phoenix and the Philopeuthian and found a new society of limited membership based on the loftiest of intellectual and moral ideals. On October 29,1832, Eells gathered four other members, the other men were Lorenzo Latham, John Curtiss Underwood, Oliver Andrew Morse and Henry Lemuel Storrs. At that meeting Eells wrote the constitution and he and Latham designed the fraternitys emblem, later in the year, other members were added and the first chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi was in full operation by the beginning of 1833. Alpha Delta Phi was the first fraternity to establish a chapter west of the Appalachian Mountains when it formed a chapter at Miami University in 1835 and this chapter preceded the formation of three national fraternities at Miami University known as the Miami Triad in the years that followed. The Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity is a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference. A Brother of Alpha Delta Phi, Hamilton W. Mabie, was the first President of the NIC, the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity is today still a member of the NIC, the Alpha Delta Phi Society is not. Alpha Delta Phi is both a fraternity and a literary society. As part of this focus, the Samuel Eells Literary and Educational Foundation sponsors annual literary competitions, in August 2015, the fraternity had 33 chapters and 1 affiliate, the oldest of which is at Hamilton College. Its regional alumni organization, the Midwest Association of Alpha Delta Phi, is more than 125 years old, Alpha Delta Phi also has the third oldest continuously-operating chapter in the North American Fraternity System, which is also the second oldest Alpha chapter, placed at Hamilton College. At Yale University, it was mostly brothers of Alpha Delta Phi who were invited to join the universitys top-ranked senior society Skull, issues with the number of Alpha Delta Phis tapped for Skull and Bones also led to the creation of Yales second society, Scroll and Key. Students at Harvard formed a chapter of Alpha Delta Phi but disaffiliated to form the independent final club, in 1877, the Cornell University chapters alumni group built its first house for the undergraduates, which has been described as the first house in America built solely for fraternity use. Financed by 19th century entrepreneur Martin McVoy, the served the brothers until the turn of the century. The chapter has since moved to a different location on campus - into a house designed by John Russell Pope - but the chapter house, designed and built by William Henry Miller. The chapter is known for its Goat House, a multi-sided, windowless room designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
15.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
16.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
17.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
18.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
19.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
20.
John Barrymore
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John Barrymore was an American actor on stage, screen and radio. After a success as Hamlet in London in 1925, Barrymore left the stage for 14 years, in the silent film era, he was well received in such pictures as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Sherlock Holmes and The Sea Beast. During this period, he gained his nickname, the Great Profile and his stage-trained voice proved an asset when sound films were introduced, and three of his works, Grand Hotel, Twentieth Century and Midnight have been inducted into the National Film Registry. Barrymores personal life has been the subject of attention before. He struggled with alcohol abuse from the age of 14, was married and divorced four times, Much of his later work involved self-parody and the portrayal of drunken has-beens. His obituary in The Washington Post observed that with the passing of the years – and as his life became more public – he became, despite his genius in the theater. Barrymore was born John Sidney Blyth in Philadelphia, and was known by family, although the Barrymore family bible puts his date of birth as February 15,1882, his birth certificate shows February 14. He was the youngest of three children and his siblings were Lionel, and Ethel. Barrymores mother, Georgie Drew Barrymore, was born into a prominent theatrical family, Barrymores maternal grandparents were Louisa Lane Drew, a well-known 19th-century American actress and the manager of the Arch Street Theatre, and John Drew, also an actor whose specialty was comedy. Barrymores maternal uncles were two more thespians, John Drew, Jr. and Sidney, Much of Barrymores early life was unsettled. In October 1882, the family toured in the US for a season with Polish actress Helena Modjeska, the following year his parents toured again with Modjeska but left the children behind. Modjeska was influential in the family, and she insisted that all three children be baptized into the Catholic Church, in 1884 the family traveled to London as part of Augustin Dalys theatrical company, returning to the US two years later. As a child, Barrymore was sometimes badly behaved, and he was sent away to schools in an attempt to instill discipline, the strategy was not always successful, and he attended elementary schools in four states. He was sent first to the annex of the Convent of Notre Dame in Philadelphia. I wanted to be an artist and he was expelled from the school in 1891 and was sent to Seton Hall Preparatory School in New Jersey, where Lionel was already studying. Barrymore was unhappy at Seton and was withdrawn, after which he attended several public schools in New York. In 1892, his grandmother Louisa Drews business began to suffer, the loss of their mothers income prompted both Ethel and Lionel to seek work as professional actors. Barrymores father was absent from the family home while on tour, and when he returned he would spend time at The Lambs
21.
Wallace Beery
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Wallace Fitzgerald Beery was an American film actor. Beery appeared in some 250 movies during a 36-year career and his contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he would be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio, making him the highest paid actor in the world. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery Sr. and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr. Beery was born in Clay County, Missouri, the youngest of three sons born to Noah Webster Beery and Frances Margaret Fitzgerald, he and his brothers William C. Beery and Noah Beery became Hollywood actors, the Beery family left the farm in the 1890s and moved to nearby Kansas City, Missouri, where the father was a police officer. Wallace Beery attended the Chase School in Kansas City and took lessons as well. He ran away from home twice, the first time returning after a time, quitting school. Beery ran away from home a second time at age 16 and he left two years later, after being clawed by a leopard. Wallace Beery joined his brother Noah in New York City in 1904, finding work in opera as a baritone. His most notable role came in 1907 when he starred in The Yankee Tourist to good reviews. In 1913, he moved to Chicago to work for Essanay Studios, cast as Sweedie, later, he worked for the Essanay Studios location in Niles, California. In 1915, Beery starred with Gloria Swanson, whom he married the following year, Beery began playing villains, and in 1917 portrayed Pancho Villa in Patria at a time when Villa was still active in Mexico. Beery reprised the role seventeen years later in Viva Villa, the same year, he made Min and Bill, the movie that vaulted him into the box office first rank. In 1931 he starred in The Champ, and shared the Best Actor Oscar with Fredric March, though March received one vote more than Beery, Academy rules at the time—since rescinded—defined results within one vote of each other as ties. He starred in several comedies with Marie Dressler and later, after Dresslers death, Marjorie Main, in 1943 his brother Noah Beery Sr. appeared with him in the war-time propaganda film Salute to the Marines, followed by Bad Bascomb and The Mighty McGurk. Beerys first wife was teenaged actress Gloria Swanson, the two had co-starred in Sweedie Goes to College and married in 1916. Although Beery had enjoyed popularity with his Sweedie shorts, his career had taken a dip, according to Swansons autobiography, Beery raped her on their wedding night, and later tricked her into swallowing an abortifacient when she was pregnant, which caused her to lose their child. In 1924, Beery married actress Rita Gilman, the couple adopted Carol Ann, daughter of Rita Beerys cousin. In December 1937, A few days before he passed away, in December 1939, the unmarried Beery adopted a seven-month-old infant girl Phyllis Ann
22.
The Champ (1931 film)
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The Champ is an 1931 American Pre-Code film starring Wallace Beery and Jackie Cooper, and directed by King Vidor from a screenplay by Frances Marion, Leonard Praskins and Wanda Tuchock. The picture tells the story of a washed-up alcoholic boxer attempting to put his back together for the sake of his young son. Beery won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, Frances Marion won the Academy Award for Best Story, and the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Andy Champ Purcell is the world heavyweight champion, now down on his luck and living in squalid conditions with his eight-year-old son Dink in Tijuana. Champ attempts to train and to convince promoters to set up a fight for him, Dink is repeatedly disappointed and let down by his fathers irresponsible actions and frequent broken promises to quit drinking, but his utter devotion to his father nonetheless never wavers. In addition to his problem, Champ is also a compulsive gambler, another vice which he repeatedly promises Dink he will surrender. After a winning streak, he fulfills a promise to buy Dink a horse. At the track, Dink happens across a woman who, unknown to either of them, is actually his mother Linda and she is now remarried to Tony, a wealthy man who owns one of the other horses in the race. Linda and Tony observe Dink and Champ together and realize that Dink is her son, Champ allows Linda to see Dink, who accepts that she is his mother. But Dink feels no emotion toward her, as she has never been part of his life, Linda resolves to remove Dink from the negative atmosphere in which hes growing up and have him live with her family. Catching Champ during a gambling binge, Tony asks him to turn Dink over so that Tony. As the exhausted Dink sleeps on a table, Tony bluntly observes that Champ is not a good father. The night of gambling ends with Champ having lost Little Champ, Champ asks Linda for enough money to buy the horse back, and she gives it to him. But before he can buy the back, he starts gambling again. He also winds up in jail, breaking Dinks heart once more, ashamed of his actions and with his spirit broken, Champ finally agrees to send an unwilling Dink to live with Tony and Linda. On the train home, Tony and Linda try their best to welcome Dink into their family. Dink does not dislike them, but he is consumed only by thoughts of his father and he runs away back to Tijuana, where he finds that Champ has a fight scheduled with the Mexican heavyweight champion. When he sees Dink, Champ immediately returns to good spirits and he trains hard for the fight and, for the first time, really does stay away from drinking and gambling
23.
Design for Living (film)
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Design for Living is a 1933 American Pre-Code comedy film produced and directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Fredric March, Gary Cooper, and Miriam Hopkins. Criticism was mixed, with critics praising the film. Coward said, Im told that there are three of my original lines left in the original ones as Pass the mustard. The film was a box office success, ranking as one of the top ten highest grossing films of 1933, all three of the lead actors—March, Cooper, and Hopkins—received attention from this film as they were all at the peak of their careers. While en route to Paris via train, commercial artist Gilda Farrell meets artist George Curtis and playwright Thomas Chambers, Gilda works for advertising executive Max Plunkett, who has had no success in his efforts to engage her in a romantic relationship. Tom and George each realizes the other is in love with Gilda, unable to choose between the two, she proposes she live with them as a friend, muse, and critic—with the understanding they will not have sex. Gilda arranges for a producer to read Toms play and he goes to London to oversee the staging of his work, during his absence, Gilda and George become involved romantically, much to Toms consternation. One night at the theatre he meets Max, who tells him George has become highly successful, Tom returns to Paris and discovers George has vacated their apartment and moved into a penthouse with Gilda. George is in Nice painting a portrait, and Gilda and Tom rekindle their affair, George returns and, realizing his former roommate and current lover have been trysting while he was away, orders the two to get out. Gilda decides to end the rivalry by marrying Max in Manhattan. When Max hosts a party for his clients, Tom and George crash the event. Max finds the three laughing on the bed and orders the men out, and a brawl ensues, prompting all the guests to depart, Gilda announces she is leaving her husband, and she, Tom, and George decide to return to Paris and their unusual living arrangement. On Broadway, Design for Living was a popular and critical hit starring Lynn Fontanne, Alfred Lunt and Coward, Design for Living was one of more than a dozen of Cowards plays made into feature films. Ernst Lubitsch initially asked Samson Raphaelson to write the screenplay, the director then turned to Ben Hecht, and they opted for a loose adaptation of Cowards plot, completely rewriting the play. In the original, the three characters were sophisticated, urbane and cynical. Hecht changed the names, and the trio became naïve and exuberant. Lubitsch hoped to cast Ronald Colman and Leslie Howard as the male leads, the director originally cast Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. as George, but the actor contracted pneumonia and had to withdraw just before filming began, and he was replaced by Gary Cooper. Lubitsch cast Paramount contract player Fredric March as Tom, Gilda was a role well-tailored for Hopkins talents
24.
Gary Cooper
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Gary Cooper was an American film actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style and screen performances. His career spanned thirty-five years, from 1925 to 1960, and he was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood. His screen persona appealed strongly to men and women, and his range of performances included roles in most major movie genres. Coopers ability to project his own personality onto the characters he played contributed to his appearing natural, the screen persona he sustained throughout his career represented the ideal American hero. Cooper began his career as an extra and stunt rider. After establishing himself as a Western hero in his silent films, Cooper became a movie star in 1929 with his first sound picture. In the early 1930s, he expanded his heroic image to include more characters in adventure films and dramas such as A Farewell to Arms. In the postwar years, he portrayed more mature characters at odds with the world in such as The Fountainhead. In his final films, Cooper played non-violent characters searching for redemption in films such as Friendly Persuasion and he married New York debutante Veronica Balfe in 1933, and the couple had one daughter. Their marriage was interrupted by a three-year separation precipitated by Coopers love affair with Patricia Neal, Cooper received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his roles in Sergeant York and High Noon. He also received an Academy Honorary Award for his achievements in 1961. He was one of the top ten film personalities for twenty-three consecutive years, the American Film Institute ranked Cooper eleventh on its list of the twenty five greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema. Frank James Cooper was born on May 7,1901, at 730 Eleventh Avenue in Helena, Montana to English immigrants Alice and his father emigrated from Houghton Regis, Bedfordshire and became a prominent lawyer, rancher, and eventually a Montana Supreme Court justice. His mother emigrated from Gillingham, Kent and married Charles in Montana, in 1906, Charles purchased the 600-acre Seven-Bar-Nine cattle ranch about fifty miles north of Helena near the town of Craig on the Missouri River. Frank and his older brother Arthur spent their summers there and learned to ride horses, hunt, in April 1908, the Hauser Dam failed and flooded the Missouri River valley along portions of the Cooper property, but Cooper and his family were able to evacuate in time. Cooper attended Central Grade School in Helena, at Dunstable, Cooper studied Latin and French, and took several courses in English history. While he managed to adapt to the discipline of an English school and learned the requisite social graces, he never adjusted to the class structure. After completing confirmation classes, Cooper was baptized into the Anglican Church on December 3,1911, Coopers mother accompanied her sons back to the United States in August 1912, and Cooper resumed his education at Johnson Grammar School in Helena
25.
Miriam Hopkins
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Ellen Miriam Hopkins was an American film and TV actress known for her versatility. She first signed with Paramount in 1930, working with Ernst Lubitsch and Joel McCrea and her long-running feud with Bette Davis was publicized for effect. Later she became a pioneer of TV drama, Hopkins was a distinguished Hollywood hostess, who moved in intellectual and creative circles. Hopkins was born in Savannah, Georgia, and raised in Bainbridge and her maternal great-grandfather, the fourth mayor of Bainbridge, helped establish St. Johns Episcopal Church, in Bainbridge, where Hopkins sang in the choir. In 1909, she lived in Mexico. After her parents separated, she moved as a teen with her mother to Syracuse, New York, to be near her uncle, Thomas Cramer Hopkins and she attended Goddard Seminary in Barre, Vermont and Syracuse University. She became estranged from her father, and when at the age of 19 she applied for a passport in 1922 in preparation for a tour of South America. At age 20, Hopkins became a girl in New York City. In 1930, she signed with Paramount Pictures, and made her film debut in Fast. Her first great success was in the 1931 horror drama film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in which she portrayed the character Ivy Pearson, a prostitute who becomes entangled with Jekyll and Hyde. Her pre-Code films were considered even at that time, with The Story of Temple Drake depicting a rape scene and Design for Living featuring a ménage à trois with Fredric March. Hopkins was one of the first actresses approached to play the role of Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night and she did audition for the role of Scarlett OHara in Gone with the Wind, having one advantage none of the other candidates had, she was a native Georgian. But the part went to Vivien Leigh, Hopkins had well-publicized fights with her arch-enemy Bette Davis, when they co-starred in their two films The Old Maid and Old Acquaintance. Davis admitted to enjoying very much a scene in Old Acquaintance in which she shakes Hopkins forcefully during a scene where Hopkins character makes unfounded allegations against Daviss. There were even press photos taken with both divas in a ring with gloves up and director Vincent Sherman between the two. Davis described Hopkins as a good actress but also terribly jealous in later interviews. After Old Acquaintance, Hopkins did not work again in films until The Heiress, in Mitchell Leisens 1951s comedy The Mating Season, she gave a comic performance as Gene Tierneys characters mother. She also acted in The Childrens Hour, which is the basis of her film These Three
26.
Death Takes a Holiday
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Death Takes a Holiday is a 1934 American Pre-Code romantic drama starring Fredric March, Evelyn Venable and Guy Standing. It is based from the 1924 Italian play La Morte in Vacanza by Alberto Casella, after years of questioning why people fear him, Death takes on human form for three days so that he can mingle among mortals and find an answer. He finds a host in Duke Lambert after revealing himself and his intentions to the Duke, however, events soon spiral out of control as Death falls in love with the beautiful young Grazia. As he falls in love with her, Duke Lambert, the father of Grazias mortal lover Corrado, begs him to give Grazia up, Death must decide whether to seek his own happiness, or sacrifice it so that Grazia may live. The theatrical premiere of the film was on February 23,1934 at the Paramount Theatre in New York City, the home video releases have been, Death Takes a Holiday. The film was a critical and commercial success. Time called it thoughtful and delicately morbid, while Mordaunt Hall for The New York Times wrote that it is an impressive picture, variety called it the kind of story and picture that beckons the thinker, and for this reason is likely to have greater appeal among the intelligensia. It praised Marchs performance as skillful, john Mosher of The New Yorker wrote that the film was nicely done, although he suggested it was a little obnoxious with all its talk of being in love with death. The American Film Institute recognized the film with a nomination in its 2002 list and it aired as the drama of the week on Cecil B. DeMilles Lux Radio Theatre on March 22,1937, starring Fredric March as Death and his wife, actress Florence Eldridge, the film was remade by Universal again in 1998 as Meet Joe Black starring Brad Pitt, Claire Forlani and Anthony Hopkins. It was adapted into a musical by Maury Yeston with the book by Peter Stone, a May 2006 episode of the television drama Medium also builds on the concept of death portrayed as a man. The season 2 episode is called, Death Takes a Policy. Loy, Myrna and Kotsilibis-Davies, James — Being and Becoming, Alfred A. Knopf,1987, ISBN 1-55611-101-0 Quirk, Lawrence J
27.
Charles Laughton
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Charles Laughton was an English stage and film character actor, director, producer and screenwriter. Laughton was trained in London at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, in 1927, he was cast in a play with his future wife Elsa Lanchester, with whom he lived and worked until his death, they had no children. He played a range of classical and modern parts, making an impact in Shakespeare at the Old Vic. His film career took him to Broadway and then Hollywood, but he collaborated with Alexander Korda on notable British films of the era. He portrayed everything from monsters and misfits to kings, among Laughtons biggest film hits were The Barretts of Wimpole Street, Mutiny on the Bounty, Ruggles of Red Gap, Jamaica Inn, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and The Big Clock. In his later career, he took up directing, notably in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial. He directed one film, the thriller The Night of the Hunter, Laughton has been seen by one actor as one of the greatest performers of his generation. Daniel Day-Lewis cited him as one of his inspirations, saying and his generosity as an actor, he fed himself into that work. As an actor, you take your eyes off him. Laughton was born in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Eliza and Robert Laughton, a blue plaque marks his birthplace. He started work in the hotel, though also participating in amateur theatricals in Scarborough. Allowed by his family to become a student at RADA in 1925. Laughton made his first professional appearance on 28 April 1926 at the Barnes Theatre, as Osip in the comedy The Government Inspector and he impressed audiences with his talent and had classical roles in two Chekov plays, The Cherry Orchard and The Three Sisters. Laughton played the role as Harry Hegan in the world premiere of Seán OCaseys The Silver Tassie in 1928 in London. He played the roles in Arnold Bennetts Mr Prohack and as Samuel Pickwick in Mr Pickwick at the Theatre Royal in London. He played Tony Perelli in Edgar Wallaces On the Spot and William Marble in Payment Deferred and he took the last role across the Atlantic and made his United States debut on 24 September 1931, at the Lyceum Theatre. Laughton commenced his career in Britain while still acting on the London stage. He made an appearance as a disgruntled diner in another silent film Piccadilly with Anna May Wong in 1929
28.
Anna Karenina (1935 film)
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Anna Karenina is a 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy and directed by Clarence Brown. The film stars Greta Garbo, Fredric March, Basil Rathbone, there are several other film adaptations of the novel. In New York, the opened at the Capitol Theatre. The film earned $2,304,000 at the box office, Greta Garbo received a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress for her role as Anna. In addition, the film was ranked #42 on the American Film Institutes list of AFIs 100 Years, Anna Karenina is the wife of Czarist official Karenin. While she tries to persuade her brother Stiva from a life of debauchery and this indiscreet liaison ruins her marriage and position in 19th century Russian society, she is even prohibited from seeing her own son Sergei, with eventual dire results. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2002, AFIs 100 Years.100 Passions – #42 Garbo also was the lead in the 1927 version of Anna Karenina, released under the title Love. Anna Karenina at the TCM Movie Database Anna Karenina at the Internet Movie Database Anna Karenina at Allmovie Extensive photo gallery and notes at GarboForever. com
29.
Greta Garbo
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Greta Garbo, was a Swedish-born American film actress during the 1920s and 1930s. Garbo was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actress and received an Academy Honorary Award in 1954 for her luminous, Garbo launched her career with a secondary role in the 1924 Swedish film The Saga of Gosta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B, Mayer, chief executive of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who brought her to Hollywood in 1925. She immediately stirred interest with her first silent film, Torrent, released in 1926, a later, her performance in Flesh. Garbos first talking film was Anna Christie, MGM marketers enticed the public with the catch-phrase Garbo talks. That same year she starred in Romance, for her performances in these films she received the first of three Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. In 1932, her popularity allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract and her success continued in films such as Mata Hari and Grand Hotel. Many critics and film historians consider her performance as the doomed courtesan Marguerite Gautier in Camille to be her finest, the role gained her a second Academy Award nomination. Garbos career soon declined, however, and she was one of the many stars labeled Box Office Poison in 1938, from then on, Garbo declined all opportunities to return to the screen. Shunning publicity, she began a life, and neither married nor had children. Greta Lovisa Gustafsson was born in Södermalm, Stockholm, Sweden and she was the third and youngest child of Anna Lovisa —a housewife who later worked at a jam factory—and Karl Alfred Gustafsson, a laborer. Garbo had a brother, Sven Alfred, and an older sister. Her parents met in Stockholm where her father visited from Frinnaryd and he moved to Stockholm to become independent and worked in various odd jobs—street cleaner, grocer, factory worker and butchers assistant. He married Anna, who had moved from Högsby. The Gustafssons were impoverished and lived in a three-bedroom cold-water flat at Blekingegatan No.32 and they brought up their three children in a working class district regarded as the citys slum. Garbo would later recall, It was eternally grey—those long winters nights and my father would be sitting in a corner, scribbling figures on a newspaper. On the other side of the room my mother is repairing ragged old clothes and we children would be talking in very low voices, or just sitting silently. We were filled with anxiety, as if there were danger in the air, such evenings are unforgettable for a sensitive girl
30.
Anthony Adverse
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Anthony Adverse is a 1936 American epic costume drama film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Fredric March and Olivia de Havilland. The film received four Academy Awards, among the four Academy Awards that Anthony Adverse won, Gale Sondergaard was awarded the inaugural Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her role as Faith Paleologus. In 1773, young English beauty Maria Bonnyfeather is the new bride of the cruel, however, she is pregnant by Denis Moore, the man she loved before being forced to marry Don Luis. After the marquis learns of his wifes affair, Don Luis takes her across Europe but Denis tracks them down at an inn, months later Maria dies giving birth to her son at a chalet in the Alps in northern Italy. Don Luis lies to Marias father, wealthy Leghorn-based merchant John Bonnyfeather, Ten years later, completely by coincidence, Anthony is apprenticed to Bonnyfeather, his real grandfather, who discovers his relationship to the boy but keeps it a secret from him. He gives the boy the surname Adverse in acknowledgement of the life he has led. As an adult, Anthony falls in love with Angela Giuseppe, the daughter. Soon after the ceremony, Anthony is asked by Bonnyfeather to depart for Havana to save Bonnyfeathers fortune from a laggard debtor, the merchant trading firm Gallego & Sons. On the day his ship is supposed to set sail he and Angela are supposed to meet at the convent before departing together, unable to wait any longer, she leaves a note outside the convent to inform him that she is leaving for Rome with her opera company. But the note Angela leaves Anthony is blown away and he is unaware that she has gone to Rome, confused and upset, he departs on the ship without her. Meanwhile, assuming he has abandoned her, she departs and continues her career as an opera singer, learning that Gallego has quit Havana, Anthony leaves to take control of Gallego & Sons only remaining asset—a slave trading post on the Pongo River in Africa. Three years in the slave trade corrupts him, and he takes slave girl Neleta into his bed as he believes Angela has abandoned him, Anthony is eventually redeemed by his friendship with Brother François. After the monk is crucified and killed by the natives, Anthony returns to Italy to find Bonnyfeather has died and his housekeeper, Faith Paleologus, has inherited Bonnyfeathers fortune. Anthony reaches Paris to rectify the situation and claim his inheritance, through the intercession of impresario Debrulle, Anthony finds Angela and discovers she bore him a son. His wife fails to reveal she is now Mademoiselle Georges, an opera star. When Anthony learns her secret, she sends him their son, Anthony departs for America with his son, Anthony Jr. in search of a better life. Errol Flynn was meant to support Fredric March but proved so popular when Captain Blood was released he was given the lead in The Charge of the Light Brigade. Bill Mauch plays Marchs on screen son, Warner Bros discovered Mauch had a twin, Bobby and put them both under contract
31.
Olivia de Havilland
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Olivia Mary de Havilland is a retired American actress whose career spanned from 1935 to 1990. She appeared in 49 feature films, and was one of the movie stars during the golden age of Classical Hollywood. Born in Tokyo to British parents, de Havilland and her younger sister Joan moved to California in 1919 and they were brought up by their mother Lilian, a former stage actress who taught them dramatic art, music, and elocution. De Havilland made her debut in amateur theatre in Alice in Wonderland. Olivia de Havilland made her debut in Reinhardts A Midsummer Nights Dream in 1935. She began her career playing demure ingénues opposite popular leading men, including Errol Flynn and they became one of Hollywoods most popular romantic on-screen pairings. She achieved her initial popularity in romantic films, such as The Great Garrick. Her natural beauty and refined acting style made her particularly effective in historical dramas, such as Anthony Adverse. In her later career, she was most successful in films, such as Light in the Piazza. In addition to her career, de Havilland continued her work in the theatre. For her contributions to the picture industry, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. After romantic relationships with Howard Hughes, James Stewart, and John Huston, de Havilland married author Marcus Goodrich, with whom she had a son, Benjamin. Following her divorce from Goodrich in 1953, she moved to Paris and married Pierre Galante, in 1962, she published Every Frenchman Has One, an account of her life in France. De Havilland and Joan Fontaine are the siblings to have won Academy Awards in a lead acting category. A lifelong rivalry between the two resulted in an estrangement that lasted over three decades. She has lived in Paris since 1956, and celebrated her 100th birthday on July 1,2016, De Havilland was born on July 1,1916, in Tokyo, Japan, to English parents. Her father, Walter de Havilland, served as an English professor at the Imperial University in Tokyo before becoming a patent attorney and her mother, Lilian Fontaine, was educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a stage actress. Lilian also sang with the Master of the Kings Music, Sir Walter Parratt, Olivias paternal cousin was Sir Geoffrey de Havilland, an aircraft designer and founder of the de Havilland aircraft company
32.
A Star Is Born (1937 film)
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A Star Is Born is a 1937 American Technicolor romantic drama film produced by David O. Selznick, directed by William A. The supporting cast features Adolphe Menjou, May Robson, Andy Devine, Lionel Stander, north Dakota farmgirl Esther Victoria Blodgett yearns to become a Hollywood actress. Although her aunt and father discourage such thoughts, Esthers grandmother gives her her savings to follow her dream, Esther goes to Hollywood and tries to land a job as an extra, but so many others have had the same idea that the casting agency has stopped accepting applications. Esther is told that her chances of becoming a star are one in 100,000 and she befriends a new resident at her boarding house, assistant director Danny McGuire, himself out of work. When Danny and Esther go to a concert to celebrate Dannys employment, Esther has her first encounter with Norman Maine, Norman has been a major star for years, but his alcoholism has sent his career into a downward spiral. Danny gets Esther a one-time waitressing job at a fancy Hollywood party, while serving hors d’œuvre, she catches Normans eye. He gets his longtime producer and good friend, Oliver Niles, impressed, Oliver gives her a new name and a contract. She practices her few lines for her first tiny role, when the studio has trouble finding a female lead for Normans current film, entitled The Enchanted Hour, Norman persuades Oliver to cast Esther. The film makes her a success, even as viewers continue to lose interest in Norman. Norman proposes to Vicki, she accepts when he promises to give up drinking and they elope without publicity, much to press agent Matt Libbys disgust, and enjoy a trailer-camping honeymoon in the mountains. When they return, Vickis popularity continues to skyrocket, while Norman realizes his own career is over, Norman stays sober for a while, but his frustration over his situation finally pushes him over the edge. When Vicki wins the top award, he interrupts her acceptance speech by drunkenly demanding three awards for the worst acting of the year. Norman goes on a drinking binge and winds up arrested for drunk driving. In court, the judge sentences him to 90 days of incarceration, the judge, who is impressed with Vickis acting success, suspends Normans sentence and puts Normans custody into Vickis hands. Vicki decides to give up her career in order to devote herself to his rehabilitation, after Norman overhears her discussing her plan with Oliver, he drowns himself in the Pacific Ocean. Shattered, Vicki decides to quit and go home, soon afterward, her grandmother shows up once she hears Vicki is quitting. Her grandmother tells her of a letter Norman sent her when they got married, the letter stated how proud he was of Vicki, and how much he loved her. Because of her grandmothers words, and the reminder of Normans deep love, Vicki is convinced to stay in show business
33.
Janet Gaynor
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Janet Gaynor was an American film, stage and television actress and painter. Gaynor began her career as an extra in shorts and silent films, after signing with Fox Film Corporation in 1926, she rose to fame and became one of the biggest box office draws of the era. In 1929, she was the first winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in three films, 7th Heaven, Sunrise, A Song of Two Humans, and Street Angel. This was the occasion on which an actress has won one Oscar for multiple film roles. After retiring from acting in 1939, Gaynor married film costume designer Adrian with whom she had a son and she briefly returned to acting in films and television in the 1950s and later became an accomplished oil painter. In 1980, Gaynor made her Broadway debut in the adaptation of the 1971 film Harold and Maude. In September 1982, she sustained injuries in a serious car accident which contributed to her death in September 1984. Gaynor was born Laura Augusta Gainor in Germantown, Philadelphia, nicknamed Lolly as a child, she was the youngest of two daughters born to Laura and Frank De Witt Gainor. Frank Gainor worked as a painter and paperhanger. When Gaynor was a toddler, her father teaching her how to sing, dance. As a child in Philadelphia, she began acting in school plays, after her parents divorced in 1914, Gaynor, her sister, and her mother moved to Chicago. Shortly thereafter, her mother married electrician Harry C. Jones, the family later moved west to San Francisco. After graduating from San Francisco Polytechnic High School in 1923, Gaynor spent the winter vacationing in Melbourne, Florida, upon returning to San Francisco, Gaynor, her mother, and stepfather moved to Los Angeles, where she could pursue an acting career. She was initially hesitant to do so, and enrolled at Hollywood Secretarial School and she supported herself by working in a shoe store and later as a theatre usher. Her mother and stepfather continued to encourage her to become an actress, Gaynor won her first professional acting job on December 26,1924, as an extra in a Hal Roach comedy short. This led to extra work in feature films and shorts for Film Booking Offices of America. Universal eventually hired her as a player for $50 a week. Six weeks after being hired by Universal, an executive at Fox Film Corporation offered her a screen test for a role in the film The Johnstown Flood
34.
Warner Baxter
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Warner Leroy Baxter was an American actor, known for his role as The Cisco Kid in In Old Arizona, for which he won the second Academy Award for Best Actor in the 1928–1929 Academy Awards. Warner Baxter started his career in silent film. Baxters most notable silent films are The Great Gatsby and The Awful Truth, when talkies came out, Baxter became even more famous. Baxters most notable talkies are In Old Arizona, 42nd Street, Slave Ship, Kidnapped, in the 1940s he was well known for his recurring role as Dr. Robert Ordway in the Crime Doctor series of 10 films. Baxter also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame making him one of fewer than a hundred male actors in Hollywood history to both an Academy Award and a Walk of Fame star. Baxter was born in Columbus, Ohio to Edwin F, Baxter and Jane Barrett, and moved to San Francisco, California with his widowed mother in 1898, when he was nine. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, he and his family lived in a tent for two weeks, by 1910 Baxter was in vaudeville, and from there began acting on the stage. The book American Classic Screen Profiles relates that Baxter was 5 months old when his father died, Jane Baxter and Warner went to live with her brother in Columbus, Ohio. Mother and son moved to New York City when he was 10 years old, the two later moved to San Francisco, where he graduated from Polytechnic High School. When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, Baxter and his mother lived in Golden Gate Park for eight days, in 1908, they returned to Columbus. After selling farm implements for a living, worked for four months as the partner of Dorothy Shoemaker in an act on the Keith Vaudeville Circuit, Baxter originally worked as an insurance agent, sales manager and commercial traveller. Baxter began his career as an extra in 1914 in a stock company. He had his first starring role in 1921, in a film called Sheltered Daughters, baxters most famous starring role was as the Cisco Kid in In Old Arizona, the first all-talking western, for which he won the second Academy Award for Best Actor. He also starred in 42nd Street, Grand Canary, Broadway Bill, by 1936, Baxter was the highest paid actor in Hollywood, but by 1943 he had slipped to B movie roles, and he starred in a series of Crime Doctor films for Columbia Pictures. Baxter made over 100 films between 1914 and 1950, Baxter married Viola Caldwell in 1911, but they were soon divorced. He married actress Winifred Bryson in January 1918, remaining married until his death in 1951 and he was a close friend of William Powell, with whom he starred in three films, and was at Powells side when Jean Harlow died in 1937. When not acting, Baxter was an inventor and, in 1935, he co-created a revolver searchlight which would illuminate a target and he later developed a radio device that would allow emergency crews to change traffic signals from two blocks away and allow them to safely pass through intersections. He financed its installation at an intersection in Beverly Hills in 1940, Baxter suffered for several years from arthritis, and in 1951 he underwent a lobotomy to ease the pain
35.
June Lang
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June Lang was an American film actress. Born Winifred June Vlasek in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the daughter of Edith and Clarence Vlasek, she trained as a dancer in kiddie revues. She made her debut in 1931 and caught the eye of Darryl F. Zanuck at 20th Century Fox. Noted for her fragile and demure appearance, she was usually cast as the sister or the heroines best friend in light comedies. She soon graduated to leading roles, most notably in Bonnie Scotland, in The Road to Glory, and in Wee Willie Winkie. June Lang first married her agent, Victor Orsatti, in 1937, but her reputation as a leading lady was tarnished when she married Johnny Roselli. Her studio released her from her contract the year, and although she divorced Roselli. She married John Morgan in 1946, with whom she had a daughter and she retired in 1947 after struggling to re-establish her film career for several years, although she occasionally appeared in minor roles on TV. Lang died in Valley Village, California and she is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Los Angeles. Music in the Air Bonnie Scotland Captain January The Road to Glory Every Saturday Night Nancy Steele Is Missing, Wee Willie Winkie International Settlement Meet the Girls Convicted Woman Redhead Three of a Kind Lighthouse Quinlan, David. ISBN 0-7134-7751-2 June Lang at the Internet Movie Database June Lang at Find a Grave Photographs of June Lang
36.
Thornton Wilder
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Thornton Niven Wilder was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes—for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the two plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth — and a U. S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day. Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Amos Parker Wilder, an editor and U. S. diplomat. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China and his older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, was Hollis Professor of Divinity at the Harvard Divinity School, a noted poet, and instrumental in developing the field of theopoetics. His sister, Isabel, was an accomplished writer, both of his other sisters, Charlotte Wilder, a poet, and Janet Wilder Dakin, a zoologist, attended Mount Holyoke College. Wilder began writing plays while at The Thacher School in Ojai, California, according to a classmate, We left him alone, just left him alone. And he would retire at the library, his hideaway, learning to distance himself from humiliation and his family lived for a time in China, where his sister Janet was born in 1910. He attended the English China Inland Mission Chefoo School at Yantai but returned with his mother, Thornton also attended Creekside Middle School in Berkeley, and graduated from Berkeley High School in 1915. He earned his Master of Arts degree in French literature from Princeton University in 1926, after graduating, Wilder studied in archaeology and Italian in Rome, Italy, and then taught French at the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey beginning in 1921. His first novel, The Cabala, was published in 1926, in 1927, The Bridge of San Luis Rey brought him commercial success, and his first Pulitzer Prize. He resigned from the Lawrenceville School in 1928, from 1930 to 1937 he taught at the University of Chicago, during which time he published his translation of André Obeys own adaptation of the tale, Le Viol de Lucrece under the title Lucrece. In 1938 he won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Our Town, world War II saw him rise to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army Air Force Intelligence, first in Africa, then in Italy until 1945. He received several awards for his military service and he went on to be a visiting professor at Harvard University, where he served for a year as the Charles Eliot Norton professor. In 1968 he won the National Book Award for his novel The Eighth Day, also, Alfred Hitchcock, whom he admired, asked him to write the screenplay to his thriller, Shadow of a Doubt. He completed the first draft of the screenplay for Hitchcock, the Bridge of San Luis Rey tells the story of several unrelated people who happen to be on a bridge in Peru when it collapses, killing them. Philosophically, the book explores the question of why unfortunate events occur to people who seem innocent or undeserving. It won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and in 1998 it was selected by the board of the American Modern Library as one of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century. The book was quoted by British Prime Minister Tony Blair during the service for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001
37.
The Skin of Our Teeth
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The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It opened on October 15,1942 at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut and it was produced by Michael Myerberg and directed by Elia Kazan. The play is an allegory about the life of mankind, centering on the Antrobus family of the fictional town of Excelsior. The original production starred Tallulah Bankhead, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, Bankhead won a Variety Award for Best Actress and the New York Drama Critics Award for Best Actress of the Year for her role as Sabina. When she left the production in March 1943, she was replaced by Miriam Hopkins, Hopkins was in turn replaced by Gladys George. For two performances, while George was ill, Lizabeth Scott, who had been Bankheads understudy, was called in to play the role, Scott then played the role for the productions run in Boston. Originally billed in New York as Elizabeth Scott, she dropped the E before taking the part in Boston, the epic comedy-drama is noted as among the most heterodox of classic American comedies — it broke nearly every established theatrical convention. The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19,20, My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, the plays action takes place in a modern setting, but is full of anachronisms reaching back to prehistoric times. The characters roles as archetypes are emphasized by their identification with Biblical and classical personalities, for example, the name Lilly Sabina is a reference to the myth of Lilith and to the historical rape of the Sabine women, identifications made relatively explicit in the plays text. Henry Antrobuss name was changed from Cain, following his murder of his brother Abel and this is a story from the Bible, in which Cain, the son of Adam, murders his brother Abel after God favors Abel over Cain regarding gifts. The murder of Abel is a theme in the play. Mr. Antrobus pays far more attention to his third child Gladys than he does Henry. As this treatment of Henry continues, throughout the acts is seen progression of Henry slowly becoming more angry with his family, while the Antrobus family remains constant throughout the play, the three acts do not form a continuous narrative. An additional layer of complexity is added by the occasional interruption of the narrative scene by actors directly addressing the audience. Antrobus interrupts to announce that several actors have taken ill, sabinas stock-maid monologue begins and ends the play in the same way, this stage-play goes on and on. In her role as resident pessimist, lacking vision, Sabina says, after each disaster, they just rebuild the world again. She also says, Dont forget that a few years ago we came through the depression by the skin of our teeth, one more tight squeeze like that and where will we be. And later she says. My nerves cant stand it, but if you have any ideas about improving this crazy old world, Im really with you
38.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
39.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
40.
Ruth Gordon
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Ruth Gordon Jones, known as Ruth Gordon, was an American film, stage, and television actress, as well as a screenwriter and playwright. Gordon began her performing on Broadway at age nineteen. Known for her voice and distinctive personality, she gained international recognition. Her later work included performances in Rosemarys Baby, Harold and Maude, in addition to her acting career, Gordon wrote numerous plays, film scripts, and books, most notably co-writing the screenplay for the 1949 film Adams Rib. Gordon won an Academy Award, an Emmy, and two Golden Globe awards for her acting, as well as receiving three Academy Award nominations for her writing, Ruth Gordon Jones was born at 31 Marion Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. She was the child of Annie Tapley and Clinton Jones. Her first appearance in the public eye came as an infant when her photograph was used in advertising for her fathers employer, prior to graduating from Quincy High School, she wrote to several of her favorite actresses requesting autographed pictures. A personal reply from Hazel Dawn inspired her to go into acting, although her father was skeptical of her chances of success in a difficult profession, in 1914 he took his daughter to New York, where he enrolled her in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. In 1915, Gordon appeared as an extra in silent films that were shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey, including as a dancer in The Whirl of Life, woollcott, who described her favorably as ever so gay, would become her friend and mentor. In 1918, Gordon played opposite actor Gregory Kelly in the Broadway adaptation of Booth Tarkingtons Seventeen, the pair continued to perform together in North American tours of Frank Cravens The First Year and Tarkingtons Clarence and Tweedles. Then in 1920, Gordon and Kelly were wed, in December 1920, Gordon checked into a Chicago hospital to have her legs broken and straightened to treat her lifelong bow-leggedness. After a three-month recovery, she and Kelly relocated to Indianapolis where they started a repertory company, Kelly died of heart disease in 1927, at the age of 36. In 1929, Gordon was starring in the hit play, Serena Blandish and their son, Jones Harris, was born in Paris that year and Gordon brought him back to New York. Although they never married, Gordon and Harris provided their son with a normal upbringing, in 1932 the family was living discreetly in a small, elegant New York City brownstone. Gordon married her husband, writer Garson Kanin, who was 16 years her junior. Gordon and Kanin collaborated on the screenplays for the Katharine Hepburn – Spencer Tracy films Adams Rib and Pat, both films were directed by George Cukor. The couple were friends of Hepburn and Tracy, and incorporated elements of their real personalities in the films. Gordon and Kanin received Academy Awards nominations for both of those screenplays, as well as for that of a film, A Double Life
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