In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources do not pay for them or under-pay. Free riders
Passengers who circumvent payment turnstiles are "free-riding" on the train.
In economics, a public good is a commodity, product or service that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous and which is typically provided by a government and paid for through taxation. Use by one p
Free-rider problem
…In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources do not pay for them or under-pay. Free riders may overuse common pool resources by not paying for them, neither directly…
Aids to navigation such as lighthouses are often used as an example of a public good, as they benefit all maritime users, but no one can be excluded from using them.
Yosemite National Park, an example of an environmental good.
Stowaway passengers who avoid payment turnstiles are "free-riding" on the train.
A transit service provides benefits for a wide range of people.