The Free and Independent Faction or Free and Independent Fraction was a nationalist and national liberal party in Romania, regionally centered on Western Moldavia. Originally informal, and defined by
Grigore Sturdza's proclamation upon retaking control of Iași in May 1866, condemning the "barbaric propaganda" of local antisemites
June 1870 caricature in the "Red" gazette Ghimpele, showing the Epureanu cabinet (including Petre P. Carp) shooting down protesters in Pitești; the gibbon "Scarlat", a stand-in for Carol I, is depicted as ordering the alleged atrocity
Nicolae T. Voinov, also Niculai, Neculai or Nicu Voinov, was a Romanian jurist and politician, whose career was intimately tied to the city of Focșani. He was born there as the son of an Aromanian set
Free and Independent Faction
…financed by the Moldavian statesman Mihail Kogălniceanu, with whom Ionescu had an on and off friendship. Of the other Factionalists, Alecu Holban and Nicolae Voinov had a similar background: both had been arrested for unionist activity during the Moldavian election of 1858. Without seeking full independence from…
The Assembly tethering a Pickelhaube-wearing dog caught eating from a pot marked "Strousberg Affair". May 1871 cartoon in the liberal Ghimpele
Sketches of Jews from Galați, in an 1879 reportage for The Graphic
Ion C. Brătianu being held down by the emerging United Opposition (represented here by Lascăr Catargiu, George D. Vernescu, and Alexandru Lahovary). February 1886 cartoon by Constantin Jiquidi
Haĭ la deal, Samurache! ("Let's you and I go uphill, pooch!"), in an 1893 cartoon by Jiquidi. Lascăr Catargiu as the master, Junimist speaker Petre P. Carp as his lapdog, pulled up the slope of Dealul Mitropoliei to support the government