Free people of color
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Free people of color were primarily people of mixed African, European, and Native American descent in the Americas who were not enslaved. However, the term also applied to people born free who were pr
Free Women of Color with their Children and Servants, oil painting by Agostino Brunias, Dominica, c. 1764–1796
Free woman of color with quadroon daughter. Late 18th-century collage painting, New Orleans.
Free West Indian Dominicans, c. 1770
Toussaint Louverture
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François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda, was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louvert
Free people of color
…Their animosity and struggle for power erupted in 1799. The competition between the gens de couleur led by André Rigaud and the black Haitians led by Toussaint Louverture devolved into the War of the Knives. After their loss in that conflict, many wealthy gens de couleur left as refugees to France, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the…
1813 portrait
Apocryphal print of Toussaint reading Abbé Raynal's Histoire des deux Indes before the revolution (1853)
Louverture, as depicted in an 1802 French engraving
Louverture surveying his troops