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French Wars of Religion
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The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. One of its most notorious episodes was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. The fighting ended with a compromise in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, who had converted to Catholicism in 1593, was proclaimed King Henry IV of France and issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted substantial rights and freedoms to the Huguenots. However, Catholics continued to disapprove of Protestants and of Henry, and his assassination in 1610 triggered a fresh round of Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s.
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572) by François Dubois
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572) by François Dubois
John Calvin, whose ideas became central to French Protestantism
John Calvin, whose ideas became central to French Protestantism
After an initial period of tolerance, Francis I repressed Reformist ideas.
After an initial period of tolerance, Francis I repressed Reformist ideas.
Massacre of Mérindol, as imagined by Gustave Doré (1832–1883)
Massacre of Mérindol, as imagined by Gustave Doré (1832–1883)
Jeanne d'Albret
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Jeanne d'Albret, also known as Jeanne III, was Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572.
Portrait by François Clouet, 1570
Portrait of Jeanne d'Albret by an artist of the School of Francois Clouet, 2nd quarter of the 16th century
Portrait of Jeanne d'Albret by an artist of the School of Francois Clouet, 2nd quarter of the 16th century
Henry of Bourbon, Jeanne's only surviving son, whom she presented as one of the legitimate leaders of the Huguenot cause
Henry of Bourbon, Jeanne's only surviving son, whom she presented as one of the legitimate leaders of the Huguenot cause
Queen Mother and French regent Catherine de' Medici. Following the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Jeanne and Catherine arranged a marriage of conveni
Queen Mother and French regent Catherine de' Medici. Following the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Jeanne and Catherine arranged a marriage of convenience between their children.