Soundsystem (311 album)
Soundsystem is the fifth studio album by 311, released on October 12, 1999. Soundsystem, certified Gold by the RIAA, was the last 311 album on Capricorn Records before the band switched to Volcano Records in 2000. Recording processes for the album began on March 11, 1999. Rolling Stone discusses their mix of various genres, commenting "they offer their most ambitious fusion yet -- each track is a whirlwind tour of their soulful influences. Alas, the ingredients refuse to mix in 311's hands, resulting in disjunctions that veer between the bland and the unintentionally funny". Nick Hexum- lead vocals on all tracks. A." Martinez- DJ.
Alternative rock
Alternative rock is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became popular in the 1990s. In this instance, the word "alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music; the term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or the independent, DIY ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, seen to be descended from punk rock. Alternative rock broadly consists of music that differs in terms of its sound, social context and regional roots. By the end of the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock, helping to define a number of distinct styles such as noise pop, indie rock and shoegaze.
Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü and R. E. M. had signed to major labels. But most alternative bands' commercial success was limited in comparison to other genres of rock and pop music at the time, most acts remained signed to independent labels and received little attention from mainstream radio, television, or newspapers. With the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. In the past, popular music tastes were dictated by music executives within large entertainment corporations. Record companies signed contracts with those entertainers who were thought to become the most popular, therefore who could generate the most sales; these bands were able to record their songs in expensive studios, their works sold through record store chains that were owned by the entertainment corporations.
The record companies worked with radio and television companies to get the most exposure for their artists. The people making the decisions were business people dealing with music as a product, those bands who were not making the expected sales figures were excluded from this system. Before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups. In 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled "Rock and Roll Alternative". "College rock" was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the college radio circuit and the tastes of college students. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture. According to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called "Alternative Charts".
The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980. At the time, the term indie was used to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie' had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, rather than distribution status; the use of the term alternative to describe rock music originated around the mid-1980s. Individuals who worked as DJs and promoters during the 1980s claim the term originates from American FM radio of the 1970s, which served as a progressive alternative to top 40 radio formats by featuring longer songs and giving DJs more freedom in song selection. According to one former DJ and promoter, "Somehow this term'alternative' got rediscovered and heisted by college radio people during the 80s who applied it to new post-punk, indie, or underground-whatever music". At first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by "heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave" and "high-energy dance anthems".
Usage of the term would broaden to include new wave, punk rock, post-punk, "college"/"indie" rock, all found on the American "commercial alternative" radio stations of the time such as Los Angeles' KROQ-FM. Journalist Jim Gerr wrote that Alternative encompassed variants such as "rap, trash and industrial". In December 1991, Spin magazine noted: "this year, for the first time, it became resoundingly clear that what has been considered alternative rock – a college-centered marketing group with lucrative, if limited, potential- has in fact moved into the mainstream"; the bill of the first Lollapalooza, an itinerant festival in North America conceived by Jane's Addiction frontman Perry Farrell, reunited "disparate elements of the alternative rock community" including Henry Rollins, Butthole Surfers, Ice-T, Nine Inch Nails and the Banshees and Jane's Addiction. That same year, Farrell coined the term Alternative Nation. In the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. In 1997, Neil Strauss of The New York Times defined alternative rock as "hard-edged rock distinguished by brittle,'70s-inspired guitar riffing and singers agonizing over their problems until they take on epic proportions".
Defining music as alt
311 (band)
311 is an American rock band from Omaha, Nebraska. The band was formed in 1988 by vocalist and guitarist Nick Hexum, lead guitarist Jim Watson, bassist Aaron "P-Nut" Wills, drummer Chad Sexton. In 1992, Doug "SA" Martinez joined to sing and provide turntables for 311's albums. 311 have released twelve studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, four EPs and four DVDs. After a series of independent releases, 311 was signed to Capricorn Records in 1992 and released the albums Music and Grassroots to moderate success, they achieved greater success with their 1995 triple platinum self-titled album, which reached number 12 on the Billboard 200 on the strength of the singles "Down" and "All Mixed Up", the former of which topped the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks in 1996. The band's next three albums—Transistor and From Chaos —were successful, with the first going platinum and the last two going gold, their 2004 compilation album Greatest Hits'93–'03 was certified platinum. The band's most recent studio album is 2017's Mosaic.
As of 2011, 311 has sold over 8.5 million records in the United States. The band's name originates from the police code for indecent exposure in Omaha, after the original guitarist for the band was arrested for streaking. 311's first independent release was the Downstairs EP, recorded in 1989 in Nick Hexum's basement. Unlike many of their releases, it had no cover art, it features the song "Feels So Good,", recreated/remastered in the album Music, a staple of most of 311's live shows. In 1990, 311 produced their second independent release, Dammit!, recorded at IEV Studios in Papillion, Nebraska. In 1991, Tim Mahoney replaced Jim Watson on guitar and 311 released their third independent release, recorded at Rainbow Recording Studios in Omaha, released with greater numbers than Dammit!. While Dammit! only printed 300 cassettes, Unity had 1000 CDs and 500 cassettes printed and was distributed through consignment and sold at shows. The band began to headline shows such as The Ranch Bowl and Sokol Auditorium.
In 1992, S. A. Martinez, making various appearances with 311 over the past years as a vocalist, was asked to join the band. 311 recorded a six-track demo, called Hydroponic recorded at Rainbow Recording Studios, moved to Los Angeles. Within their first few months, 311 was signed to Capricorn Records.311 considers their first show to be held on June 10, 1990, opening for Fugazi in Omaha, Nebraska, at the Sokol Auditorium. Their first major record, Music was released in 1993; the single "Do You Right" received airplay on modern rock stations and reached No. 27 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart. However, the album failed to chart at the time. Notable, the album was produced by Eddie Offord, who famously produced Yes and Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Financing their own tour, the band drove around in an old RV borrowed from Sexton's father, towed a Volkswagen bus which held their equipment. After tackling a steep incline while en route to an Omaha show, the RV caught fire; the only door out of the vehicle was surrounded by flames.
All of their equipment and possessions were lost, though no one was injured. The band continued their tour; the following year, they released Grassroots. In 1995, 311 released the self-titled 311. Produced by Ron St. Germain, the album was recorded live in contrast to their previous two albums in which all instruments were recorded separately; the first single "Don't Stay Home" was a modest success, reaching No. 29 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart. But the follow-up single "Down", released 14 months after the album, received heavy airplay on mainstream radio, the accompanying music video was on MTV's rotation; the song hit No. 1 on the Modern Rock chart. The band made their network television debut on Late Night with Conan O'Brien on August 23; the third single, "All Mixed Up", enjoyed identical success, reaching No. 4 on the Modern Rock chart. They appeared on Late Show with David Letterman playing "Down". In the following years, 311 continued touring and on August 5, 1997, they released Transistor which debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200, their highest position on that chart.
The album went platinum. In 1998, 311 released a live album from a 1997 performance in New Orleans, Louisiana. 311 released Omaha Sessions, a compilation album from their early independent releases. In 1999, 311 released Soundsystem; the song "Come Original" reached No. 6 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart. The second single, "Flowing", had American Pie's Eddie Kaye Thomas featured in the music video. In 1995, the band purchased a recording studio in North Hollywood, called The Hive; the band has recorded every album at The Hive since 2000, beginning with the sessions for From Chaos, 311's sixth major record release. From Chaos was released in late 2001, its first single, "You Wouldn't Believe" featured basketball star Shaquille O'Neal in the video. Their seventh major release, came in 2003. In Summer 2003, 311 launched their inaugural Unity Tour; the tour included openers G. Love & Special Sauce, O. A. R. and Something Corporate. In 2004, 311 covered The Cure's "Love Song" which became a No. 1 hit on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.
It reached No. 59 on the Billboard Hot 100, their first single to reach that chart. It was featured on the soundtrack for the motion picture 50 First Dates and a few months on their own Greatest Hits'
Nick Hexum
Nicholas Lofton Hexum is an American singer and rapper the vocalist and guitarist for the multi-platinum alternative rock band 311 and The Nick Hexum Quintet. Born in Madison, Wisconsin, to father Dr. Terry Hexum and mother Pat, Hexum went to Westside High School in Omaha, Nebraska. There he played in the school's concert jazz band, played in several local bands like "The Extras", "The Eds", "The Right Profile", "Unity". In the late 1980s, Nick moved to Los Angeles to pursue music, but found his opportunity back home in Omaha just a couple years later, his friend and future bandmate Chad Sexton convinced him to move back to Omaha to start a band with friends Aaron Wills and Jim Watson. Hexum has three siblings: brothers Patrick and sister Angela, his parents are now divorced. Patrick died fighting an opioid addiction. 311 began playing together in 1988. In 1990, Hexum realized the only way for 311 to gain recognition was to release albums, so he started his own record company called "What Have You Records" and used it to begin releasing 311 titles.
The band released three albums, Dammit!, Hydroponic, as well as one EP, Downstairs EP, before signing to Capricorn Records in 1992. 311 has sold over 9 million albums in the US. They have had seven albums in the Top 10 on Billboard's US Top 200 Sales Chart, nine singles in the Top 10 on Billboard's US Alternative Chart. 311 has headlined amphitheaters in the US for the past 11 consecutive summers. Hexum married his wife Nikki on New Year's Eve 2008, their daughter, Echo Love Hexum, was born in a home birth on August 29, 2009. Their second daughter, was born May 1, 2011 Nikki's birthday. Due to the absence of his family's midwife, Hexum performed the delivery. Hexum has contributed to the charity collaboration Band of Merrymakers. Dammit! Unity Hydroponic EP Music Grassroots 311 Transistor Soundsystem From Chaos Evolver Don't Tread on Me Uplifter Universal Pulse Stereolithic Mosaic My Shadow Pages The Urge - Master of Styles Sugar Ray - Sugar Ray Goldfinger - The Knife Dirty Heads - Swim Team
Evolver (311 album)
Evolver is the seventh studio album by 311 and the second recorded in 311's recording studio The Hive in North Hollywood, California. Despite the success of the single "Creatures" and positive reaction from their fanbase, Evolver became the first 311 album to not receive an RIAA certification. Evolver is an "Enhanced CD" containing a featurette on the making of the album cover. Nick Hexum - Vocals.
Dayton Daily News
The Dayton Daily News is a daily newspaper published in Dayton, United States. It is a product of Cox Media Group Ohio, an integrated broadcasting, direct marketing and digital media company owned by parent company Cox Enterprises, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, it is the flagship publication of Cox Media Group Ohio. The DDN has its headquarters at the Cox Media Group Ohio Media Center at 1611 South Main Street in Dayton, is located near the University of Dayton campus; the newspaper’s editorial and business offices were moved there in April 2007. For more than 100 years the paper's editorial offices and printing presses were located in downtown Dayton. From 1999 to 2017, the paper was printed at the Print Technology Center near Interstate 75 in Franklin about 15 minutes to the south. In 2017, CMG came to an agreement with Gannett for the paper to be printed at Gannett's facility in Indianapolis; this resulted in closure of the Franklin facility. CMG Ohio publishes two other daily newspapers and websites in Southwest Ohio: Journal-News and the Springfield News-Sun.
CMG Ohio publishes weekly papers Today's Pulse and Oxford Press, had published several other weekly papers until CMG Ohio ceased their operations in January 2013, including The Western Star the oldest weekly paper published in the state, the Pulse-Journal and the Fairfield Echo. In late 2010, Cox Enterprises merged all of its local media holdings under the CMG Ohio brand and consolidated locations to The Media Center. In addition to its print publications, holdings include broadcast media WHIO-TV, MeTV WHIO Classic Television. Radio stations WHIO -FM, K99.1FM WHKO, WZLR The Eagle. On August 15, 1898, James M. Cox purchased the Dayton Evening News. One week on August 22, 1898 he renamed it the Dayton Daily News; the paper was founded with the intention of pioneering a new type of journalism, keeping weak ties to politicians and advertisers while seeking objectivity and public advocacy as primary functions. These goals pushed the paper in the direction of valuing the public interest. A Sunday edition was launched on November 2, 1913.
In 1948, Cox purchased two morning papers, The Journal and The Herald, from the Herrick-Kumler Company. The next year he combined them to form The Journal-Herald. For the next four decades, The Journal-Herald was the conservative morning paper, the Dayton Daily News was the liberal evening paper; the papers operated newsrooms on separate floors of the same building in downtown Dayton. On September 15, 1986, The Journal-Herald and the Daily News were merged to become a morning paper, the Dayton Daily News and Journal-Herald, with both names appearing on the front page; the Journal-Herald name last appeared on the paper's front-page flag on December 31, 1987. Cox was the Democratic Party's candidate for U. S. President in the election of 1920, the city of Dayton has voted for the Democratic candidate in presidential elections since. Cox's running mate for vice president was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, elected president in 1932; the paper was led by Jeff Bruce as editor from 1998 to 2008. Bruce replaced Max Jennings.
When Bruce retired in 2007 Kevin Riley, 44, a graduate of the University of Dayton, was named editor. Riley spent most of his career with the paper, starting as a copy editor and serving as sports editor, Internet general manager, publisher of the Springfield News-Sun in Springfield, Ohio, he was promoted from deputy editor. In 2010, Riley was named editor of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and that paper's editor, Julia Wallace, under whose leadership the AJC won Pulitzer Prizes in 2006 and 2007, moved to Dayton to become Senior Vice President of news and programming for CMG Ohio heading a new combined newspaper and radio newsroom, she was soon after named the first female publisher and retired in 2016. In 2011, Jana Collier was promoted from managing editor to editor-in-chief of CMG Ohio and is responsible for content and operations for all daily and weekly papers. Collier is the first woman to be editor-in-chief of the Dayton Cox newspaper organization. In 1998, reporters Russell Carollo and Jeff Nesmith won the Pulitzer Prize for their reporting on dangerous flaws and mismanagement in the military health care system, a series relevant to its readership because of the presence of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in neighboring Greene County.
The paper is the home of cartoonist Mike Peters, who draws the Mother Goose and Grimm strip and won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1981, columnist Dale Huffman, who had written a daily metro column every day for more than eight years before beginning a hiatus on January 30, 2008, after he was diagnosed with kidney cancer. The following people at some point worked at or wrote for the Dayton Daily News: Erma Bombeck Si Burick Ritter Collett Charlotte Reeve Conover James M. Cox Bob Englehart Clem Hamilton Marj Heyduck Dale Huffman Hal McCoy Jeff Nesmith Mike Peters Tom Archdeacon John Scalzi Myron Scott Charley Stough III Dann StuppClara Weisenborn Roz Young In 1988, Daily News publisher Dennis Shere was fired by Cox Newspapers because he rejected a health lecture advertisement by homosexual groups. Shere cited his "Christian perspective" in declining to print the ad; the Southern Baptist Convention subsequently passed a resolution calling on "all media to refuse advertising that promotes homosexuality or any other lifestyle, destructive to the family".
The resolution
Single (music)
In the music industry, a single is a type of release a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record or an album. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats. In most cases, a single is a song, released separately from an album, although it also appears on an album; these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular. In other cases a recording released. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks; the biggest digital music distributor, iTunes Store, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as does popular music player Spotify. Any more than three tracks on a musical release or thirty minutes in total running time is either an extended play or, if over six tracks long, an album; when mainstream music was purchased via vinyl records, singles would be released double-sided.
That is to say, they were released with an A-side and B-side, on which two singles would be released, one on each side. Moreover, only the most popular songs from a released album would be released as a single. In more contemporary forms of music consumption, artists release most, if not all, of the tracks on an album as singles; the basic specifications of the music single were set in the late 19th century, when the gramophone record began to supersede phonograph cylinders in commercially produced musical recordings. Gramophone discs were manufactured in several sizes. By about 1910, the 10-inch, 78 rpm shellac disc had become the most used format; the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century. The crude disc-cutting techniques of the time and the thickness of the needles used on record players limited the number of grooves per inch that could be inscribed on the disc surface, a high rotation speed was necessary to achieve acceptable recording and playback fidelity.
78 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered, synchronous turntable motor in 1925, which ran at 3600 rpm with a 46:1 gear ratio, resulting in a rotation speed of 78.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format and performers tailored their output to fit the new medium; the 3-minute single remained the standard into the 1960s, when the availability of microgroove recording and improved mastering techniques enabled recording artists to increase the duration of their recorded songs. The breakthrough came with Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone". Although CBS tried to make the record more "radio friendly" by cutting the performance into halves, separating them between the two sides of the vinyl disc, both Dylan and his fans demanded that the full six-minute take be placed on one side, that radio stations play the song in its entirety; as digital downloading and audio streaming have become more prevalent, it has become possible for every track on an album to be available separately.
The concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a more promoted or more popular song within an album collection. The demand for music downloads skyrocketed after the launch of Apple's iTunes Store in January 2001 and the creation of portable music and digital audio players such as the iPod. In September 1997, with the release of Duran Duran's "Electric Barbarella" for paid downloads, Capitol Records became the first major label to sell a digital single from a well-known artist. Geffen Records released Aerosmith's "Head First" digitally for free. In 2004, Recording Industry Association of America introduced digital single certification due to significant sales of digital formats, with Gwen Stefani's "Hollaback Girl" becoming RIAA's first platinum digital single. In 2013, RIAA incorporated on-demand streams into the digital single certification. Single sales in the United Kingdom reached an all-time low in January 2005, as the popularity of the compact disc was overtaken by the then-unofficial medium of the music download.
Recognizing this, On 17 April 2005, Official UK Singles Chart added the download format to the existing format of physical CD singles. Gnarls Barkley was the first act to reach No.1 on this chart through downloads alone in April 2006, for their debut single "Crazy", released physically the following week. On 1 January 2007 digital downloads became eligible from the point of release, without the need for an accompanying physical. Sales improved in the following years, reaching a record high in 2008 that still proceeded to be overtaken in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, 12-inch vinyl discs. Other, less common, formats include singles on Digital Compact Cassette, DVD, LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc; the most common form of the vinyl single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its play speed, 45 rpm, the standard diameter, 7 inches; the 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable and higher-fidelity replacement for the 78 rpm shellac discs.
The first 45
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