Fundamental group
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In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records inf
A loop on a 2-sphere (the surface of a ball) being contracted to a point
Group (mathematics)
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In mathematics, a group is a set with an operation that combines any two elements of the set to produce a third element within the same set and the following conditions must hold: the operation is ass
Fundamental group
…In the mathematical field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological…
A periodic wallpaper pattern gives rise to a wallpaper group.