1.
Saint-Tropez
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Saint-Tropez is a town,100 kilometres west of Nice, in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur region of southeastern France. It is also the town in the canton of Saint-Tropez. Saint-Tropez is located on the French Riviera and it was a military stronghold and an unassuming fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on this coast to be liberated during World War II, after the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé-yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and a goal for tourists in search of a little Provençal authenticity, the inhabitants of Saint-Tropez are called Tropéziens, and the town is familiarly called St-Trop. In 599 B. C. the Phocaeans founded Massilia and established other coastal mooring sites in the area, in 31 B. C. the Romans invaded the region. Their citizens built many opulent villas in the area, including one known as the Villa des Platanes, the first name given to the village which became Saint-Tropez was Heraclea-Caccaliera, and the mouth of its gulf was named the Issambres. The town owes its current name to the early, semi-legendary martyr Saint Torpes, the legend tells of his decapitation at Pisa during Neros reign, with his body placed in a rotten boat along with a rooster and a dog. The body landed at the location of the town. Toward the end of the century, long after the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, pirates and privateers began a hundred years of attacks. In the tenth century, the village of La Garde-Freinet was founded 15 km to the North of Saint-Tropez. From 890 to 972, Saint-Tropez and its surroundings became an Arab Muslim colony dominated by the nearby Saracenic settlement of Fraxinet. in 940, Saint-Tropez was controlled by Nasr ibn Ahmad. From 961 to 963, Audibert, son of Berenger, the pretender to the throne of Lombardy who was pursued by Otto I, in 972, the Muslims of Saint-Tropez held the abbot of Cluny, Maïeul, for ransom. In 976, William I Count of Provence, lord of Grimaud, began attacking the Muslims, in 1079 and 1218, Papal bulls mentioned the existence of a manor at Saint-Tropez. From 1436, Count René I tried to repopulate the Provence and he created the Barony of Grimaud and appealled to the Genoan Raphael de Garezzio, a wealthy gentleman who sent a fleet of caravels carrying sixty Genoese families to the area. In return, Count René promised to exempt the citizens from taxation, the city became a small republic with its own fleet and army and administered by two consuls and twelve elected councillors. In 1558, the Captain of City was empowered to protect the city, in 1577, the daughter of the Marquis Lord of Castellane, Genevieve de Castilla, married Jean-Baptiste de Suffren, Marquis de Saint-Cannet, Baron de La Môle, and advisor to the Parliament of Provence. The lordship of Saint-Tropez became the prerogative of the De Suffren family, in September 1615, Saint-Tropez was visited by a delegation led by the Japanese samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga who were on their way to Rome but obliged by weather to stop in Saint-Tropez
Saint-Tropez
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Panoramic view of Saint-Tropez
Saint-Tropez
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Aerial view of Saint-Tropez, with Pampelonne beach in background and the citadel and the port in the foreground
Saint-Tropez
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Citadel of Saint-Tropez
Saint-Tropez
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Saint-Tropez "le vieux port" (the old port)
2.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
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Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
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The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
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Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
3.
Switzerland
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
Switzerland
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Founded in 44 BC by
Lucius Munatius Plancus,
Augusta Raurica was the first Roman settlement on the Rhine and is now among the most important archaeological sites in Switzerland.
Switzerland
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Flag
Switzerland
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The 1291 Bundesbrief (Federal charter)
Switzerland
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The Old Swiss Confederacy from 1291 (dark green) to the sixteenth century (light green) and its associates (blue). In the other colors are shown the subject territories.
4.
Vichy France
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Vichy France is the common name of the French State headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. In particular, it represents the southern, unoccupied Free Zone that governed the southern part of the country, from 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of France as a whole, Germany militarily occupied northern France. Thus, while Paris remained the de jure capital of France, following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, southern France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy. The Vichy government remained in existence, but as a de facto client and it vanished in late 1944 when the Allies occupied all of France. After being appointed Premier by President Albert Lebrun, Marshal Pétain ordered the French Governments military representatives to sign an armistice with Germany on 22 June 1940, Pétain subsequently established an authoritarian regime when the National Assembly of the French Third Republic granted him full powers on 10 July 1940. At that point, the Third Republic was dissolved, calling for National Regeneration, the French Government at Vichy reversed many liberal policies and began tight supervision of the economy, with central planning a key feature. Labour unions came under government control. The independence of women was reversed, with a put on motherhood. Paris lost its status in European art and culture. The media were tightly controlled and stressed virulent anti-Semitism, and, after June 1941, the French State maintained nominal sovereignty over the whole of French territory, but had effective full sovereignty only in the unoccupied southern zone libre. It had limited and only civil authority in the zones under military occupation. The occupation was to be a state of affairs, pending the conclusion of the war. The French Government at Vichy never joined the Axis alliance, Germany kept two million French soldiers prisoner, carrying out forced labour. They were hostages to ensure that Vichy would reduce its forces and pay a heavy tribute in gold, food. French police were ordered to round up immigrant Jews and other such as communists. Public opinion in some quarters turned against the French government and the occupying German forces over time, when it became clear that Germany was losing the war, and resistance to them increased. Most of the legal French governments leaders at Vichy fled or were subject to show trials by the GPRF, thousands of collaborators were summarily executed by local communists and the Resistance in so-called savage purges. The last of the French State exiles were captured in the Sigmaringen enclave by de Gaulles French 1st Armoured Division in April 1945, in 1940, Marshal Pétain was known as a First World War hero, the victor of the battle of Verdun
Vichy France
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French prisoners of war are marched off under German guard, 1940
Vichy France
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Flag
Vichy France
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Philippe Pétain meeting Hitler in October 1940.
Vichy France
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French colonial prisoner in German captivity, 1940. Black troops were treated worse than their white compatriots, and some of them were used for German anthropological and medical experiments.
5.
Le corniaud
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The Sucker is a French, Italian and Spanish comedy film by Gérard Oury starring Louis de Funès and Bourvil. As of 2013, it is one of the 20 highest-grossing films in France along with La Grande Vadrouille. The film was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival where the actor Bourvil won a Special Diploma, while leaving his flat in Paris for vacation, Antoine Maréchal has a car accident. His 2CV is totally wrecked by the Bentley of Léopold Saroyan, as a compensation for the accident, Saroyan offers Maréchal to drive his best friends 1964 Cadillac DeVille from Naples to Bordeaux, all expenses paid. Unknown to Maréchal, Saroyan is the leader of an organization and the Cadillac is filled with drugs, stolen gold and diamonds, including the largest diamond in the World. Maréchal departs for his destination, oblivious of both his cargo and Saroyan who is following him to watch over the delivery. Unfortunately, a gang of Italian criminals has become aware of Saroyans plan and follows the car closely, along the way, most of the illegal goods hidden in the Cadillac are lost or stolen by other parties. When Antoine Marechal pieces together Saroyans plan while crossing the border and this all comes to fruition in the French town of Carcassonne
Le corniaud
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Film poster
6.
Titanic (1997 film)
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Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance-disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Camerons inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks, production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking, the film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox. It was the most expensive film made at time, with an estimated budget of $200 million. Upon its release on December 19,1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success, with an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Camerons 2009 film Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4,2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide and it became the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide. In 2015, Titanic Live, an orchestra version of the film. In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team aboard the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh search the wreck of RMS Titanic for a necklace with a rare diamond, the Heart of the Ocean. They recover a safe containing a drawing of a woman wearing only the necklace dated April 14,1912. Rose Dawson Calvert, the woman in the drawing, is brought aboard Keldysh, in 1912 Southampton, 17-year-old first-class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater, her fiancé Cal Hockley, and her mother Ruth board the luxurious Titanic. Ruth emphasizes that Roses marriage will resolve their familys financial problems, distraught over the engagement, Rose considers suicide by jumping from the stern, Jack Dawson, a penniless artist, intervenes and discourages her. Discovered with Jack, Rose tells a concerned Cal that she was peering over the edge, when Cal becomes indifferent, she suggests to him that Jack deserves a reward. He invites Jack to dine with them in first class the following night, Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship, despite Cal and Ruth being wary of him. Following dinner, Rose secretly joins Jack at a party in third class, aware of Cal and Ruths disapproval, Rose rebuffs Jacks advances, but realizes she prefers him over Cal. After rendezvousing on the bow at sunset, Rose takes Jack to her room, at her request, Jack sketches Rose posing nude wearing Cals engagement present. They evade Cals bodyguard and have sex in an automobile inside the cargo hold, on the forward deck, they witness a collision with an iceberg and overhear the officers and designer discussing its seriousness
Titanic (1997 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Titanic (1997 film)
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The real Margaret Brown (right) giving Captain
Arthur Henry Rostron an award for his service in the rescue of Titanic 's surviving passengers.
Titanic (1997 film)
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The reconstruction of the RMS Titanic. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.
Titanic (1997 film)
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Close-up shot of Cameron's nude Rose sketch with the "
Heart of the Ocean ". The nude scene was one of the first scenes shot as the main set was not yet ready.
7.
James Cameron
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James Francis Jim Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, and deep-sea explorer. He first found success with the science fiction action film The Terminator. He then became a popular Hollywood director and was hired to write and direct Aliens and he found further critical acclaim for his use of special effects in Terminator 2, Judgment Day. After his film True Lies Cameron took on his biggest film at the time, Titanic, despite Avatar being his only movie made to date in 3D, Cameron is the most successful 3D film-maker in terms of box-office revenue. In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System, described by a biographer as part scientist and part artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26,2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench and he is the first person to do this in a solo descent, and is only the third person to do so ever. In total, Camerons directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America, not adjusted for inflation, Camerons Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.19 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. Cameron also holds the achievement of having directed two of the three films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide, in March 2011, he was named Hollywoods top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron was born in 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse, and Phillip Cameron and his paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario, and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls and his family moved to Brea, California in 1971, when Cameron was 17 years old. He dropped out of Sonora High School, then attended Brea Olinda High School to further his secondary education, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a two-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester, next, he worked several jobs, including as a truck driver, writing when he had time. That way I could sit down and read it, and if theyd let me photocopy it, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry after seeing Star Wars in 1977. When Cameron read Syd Fields book Screenplay, it occurred to him that science and art was possible. They raised money, rented camera, lenses, film stock and they dismantled the camera to understand how to operate it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running. He was the director, writer, producer, and production designer for Xenogenesis and he then became a production assistant on a film called Rock and Roll High School, though uncredited, in 1979. While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios, making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars and he did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenters Escape from New York, acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror, and consulted on the design of Android
James Cameron
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Cameron in June 2012
James Cameron
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Cameron in September 1986
James Cameron
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The producing team behind Aliens, James Cameron and Gale Ann Hurd
James Cameron
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Cameron promoting Avatar during the 2009
San Diego Comic-Con
8.
David Niven
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James David Graham Niven was an English actor and novelist. His many roles included Squadron Leader Peter Carter in A Matter of Life and Death, Phileas Fogg in Around the World in 80 Days and he won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Separate Tables. Born in London, Niven attended Heatherdown Preparatory School and Stowe before gaining a place at the Royal Military College, after Sandhurst, he joined the British Army and was gazetted a second lieutenant in the Highland Light Infantry. Having developed an interest in acting, he left the Highland Light Infantry, travelled to Hollywood and he first appeared as an extra in the British film There Goes the Bride. From there, he hired an agent and had small parts in films from 1933 to 1935. This brought him to attention within the film industry and he was spotted by Samuel Goldwyn. Upon the outbreak of the Second World War, Niven returned to Britain and rejoined the army, Niven resumed his acting career after his demobilisation, and was voted the second-most popular British actor in the 1945 Popularity Poll of British film stars. He appeared in A Matter of Life and Death, The Bishops Wife, Niven appeared in nearly a hundred films, and many shows for television. He also began writing books, with commercial success. In 1982 he appeared in Blake Edwards final Pink Panther films Trail of the Pink Panther and Curse of the Pink Panther, James David Graham Niven was born in Belgrave Mansions, London, to William Edward Graham Niven and his wife, Henrietta Julia Niven. He was named David for his birth on St. Davids Day, Niven often claimed that he was born in Kirriemuir, in the Scottish county of Angus in 1909, but his birth certificate shows this was not the case. Henrietta was of French and British ancestry and she was born in Wales, the daughter of army officer William Degacher by his marriage to Julia Caroline Smith, the daughter of Lieutenant General James Webber Smith. Nivens grandfather William Degacher was killed in the Battle of Isandlwana, born William Hitchcock, he and his brother Henry had followed the lead of their father, Walter Henry Hitchcock, in assuming their mothers maiden name of Degacher in 1874. William Niven, Davids father, was of Scottish descent, his grandfather, David Graham Niven, was from St. Martins. William served in the Berkshire Yeomanry in the First World War and was killed during the Gallipoli Campaign on 21 August 1915 and he was buried in Green Hill Cemetery, Turkey, in the Special Memorial Section in Plot F.10. Nivens mother remarried, to Sir Thomas Comyn-Platt, in London in 1917, David Niven had three older siblings, Margaret Joyce Henry Degacher Grizel Rosemary Graham. English private schools at the time of Nivens boyhood were noted for their strict, Niven suffered many instances of corporal punishment owing to his inclination for pranks, which finally led to his expulsion from Heatherdown Preparatory School at the age of 10½. This ended his chances for Eton College, a significant blow to his family, thoughtful and kind, he addressed the boys by their first names, allowed them bicycles, and encouraged and nurtured their personal interests
David Niven
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David Niven in 1973
David Niven
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Stowe School
David Niven
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Niven in the 1948 film
Enchantment
David Niven
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From the trailer for
The Toast of New Orleans (1950)
9.
Christopher Thompson (actor)
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Christopher Thompson is a French actor, screenwriter, and film director. Thompson comes from a family associated with theatrical arts. He is the son of director and screenwriter Danièle Thompson. He is married to actress Géraldine Pailhas, born in New York City in 1966, Thompson was raised in his parents home country, France. Later he returned to the United States to attend Brown University and his principal screen credits are in French productions, including the films LAtlantide and Giorgino, and the television miniseries The Count of Monte Cristo. His credits in English-language productions include supporting roles in Jefferson in Paris, Thompson collaborated with his mother on the screenplay of her first feature-length film, La Bûche. The two worked together again on the script of Decalage horaire, and their script for Fauteuils dorchestre was a nominee in the category of Best Writing at the César Awards, a later collaboration, the comedy Change of Plans, was released in 2009. In 2010, Thompson made his debut as a director with a film he scripted, Bus Palladium
Christopher Thompson (actor)
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Contents
10.
Charles V of France
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Charles V, called the Wise, was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death. In 1349, as a prince, Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule. This allowed him to bear the title Dauphin until his coronation, after 1350, all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation. Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets, his management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury. He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages, which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed. Furthermore, the French Navy, led by Jean de Vienne and he was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad, whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France. Charles was born at the Château de Vincennes outside of Paris, the future king was highly intelligent but physically weak, with pale skin and a thin, ill-proportioned body. This made a sharp contrast to his father, who was tall, strong, as neither the pope nor the emperor wanted to buy, the transaction was concluded with Philip VI. Under the Treaty of Romans, the Dauphiné of Viennois was to be held by a son of the future king John the Good, so it was Charles, the eldest son of the latter, who became the first Dauphin. At the age of twelve, he was confronted with the exercise of power while staying in Grenoble. A few days after his arrival, the people of Grenoble were invited to the Place Notre-Dame, young Charles took his place next to Bishop John of Chissé and received the oath of allegiance of the people. On April 8,1350 at Tain-lHermitage, the Dauphin married his cousin Joanna of Bourbon at the age of 12, the prior approval of the pope was obtained for this consanguineous marriage. The marriage was delayed by the death of his mother Bonne of Luxembourg and his grandmother Joan the Lame, the dauphin himself had been seriously ill from August to December 1349. Gatherings were limited to slow the spread of the then raging in Europe. Despite his young age, the applied to be recognized by his subjects. Charles was recalled to Paris at the death of his grandfather Philip VI, the legitimacy of John the Good, and that of the Valois in general, was not unanimous. His father, Philip VI, had lost all credibility with the disasters of Crecy, Calais, the ravages of the plague, the royal clan had to cope with opposition from all sides in the kingdom
Charles V of France
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Charles V the Wise
Charles V of France
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The
Château du Louvre, shown in this early fifteenth century illumination, representing the month of October in Les très riches Heures du duc de Berry, was rebuilt during the reign of Charles V – inaugurating a new era of royal architecture
11.
Mr. Peek-a-Boo
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Mr. Peek-a-Boo or Garou-Garou, Le Passe-muraille is a 1951 French comedy farce film, directed by Jean Boyer. The film is based on the story by Marcel Aymé about a man who could walk through walls. The film premiered on 6 April 1951, a simple civil servant Léon, who has the unusual ability to walk through walls, falls madly in love with a hotel thief by the name of Susan. He poses as the notorious gangster Garou-Garou to attempt to woo her affections, as a prisoner he annoys the guards by walking in and out of his cell, and keeps asking Susan to cease her criminal way of life. As fundamentally being an honest and law-abiding citizen, he eventually handles back everything he has stolen, is acquitted by the court, when he learns that Susan is planning to return to England and start a new life, he decides to confess his emotions to her. However, the couple is interrupted by a rush of journalists. Trying to escape in a building, they get cornered on a corridor, but by doing this, he loses his own wall-walking ability, and the film concludes. The medical specialist René Worms. an employee at the ministry Nina Myral, mrs. Eloise André Dalibert Nicole Riche. The lady on the second floor Germaine Reuver, mrs. Ménard, the concierge Jeanne Véniat. Gustave Lécuyer Le Passe-muraille launched the career of its star, Bourvil. Bourvil plays the character of Léon, an man of the street with particular affection for women, especially Joan Greenwoods character. The film is noted for its quality of the special effects which were in their infancy at the time this film was made. The film was released in black and white although a version of the film also exists. The Man Who Walked Through the Wall Mr. Peek-a-Boo at the Internet Movie Database Mr. Peek-a-Boo at AllMovie
Mr. Peek-a-Boo
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Le Passe-muraille
12.
Without Leaving an Address
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Without Leaving an Address is a 1951 French comedy film directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois. At the 1st Berlin International Film Festival it won the Golden Bear award, the films sets were designed by the art directors Max Douy and Serge Piménoff. Thérèse has a child but the left her without leaving an address. She hires taxi driver Émile to find her lover in Paris, without Leaving an Address at the Internet Movie Database
Without Leaving an Address
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French film poster
13.
Sea Devils
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Sea Devils is a 1953 British–American historical adventure film, directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Rock Hudson, Yvonne De Carlo, and Maxwell Reed. The story is based on Victor Hugos novel Toilers of the Sea which was the title of the film. The scenes at sea were shot around the Channel Islands, the year is 1800, and Britain and France have been at war since 1798, in what later was to be known as the War of the Second Coalition. Gilliatt, a fisherman-turned-smuggler on Guernsey, agrees to transport a beautiful woman, Drouchette and she tells him she hopes to rescue her brother from a French prison. Gilliatt finds himself falling in love and so feels betrayed when he learns that Drouchette is a countess helping Napoleon plan an invasion of Great Britain. In reality, however, Drouchette is a British agent working to thwart this invasion, when Gilliatt learns this, he returns to France to rescue her, just as her true purpose has been discovered by the French
Sea Devils
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Original cinema poster
14.
Raoul Walsh
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Raoul A. Walsh was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh. His directed his last film in 1964, Walsh was born in New York as Albert Edward Walsh to Elizabeth T. Bruff, the daughter of Irish Catholic immigrants, and Thomas W. Walsh, an Englishman. Like his younger brother, he was part of Omega Gamma Delta in high school, growing up in New York, Walsh was also a friend of the Barrymore family. Later in life he lived in Palm Springs, California and he was buried at Assumption Catholic Cemetery, Simi Valley, Ventura County, California. Walsh was educated at Seton Hall College and he began acting in 1909, first as a stage actor in New York City and later as a film actor. In 1914 he became an assistant to D. W. Walsh played John Wilkes Booth in Griffiths epic The Birth of a Nation and this was followed by the critically acclaimed Regeneration in 1915, possibly the earliest feature gangster film, shot on location in Manhattans Bowery district. Walsh served as an officer in the United States Army during World War I and he later directed The Thief of Bagdad, starring Douglas Fairbanks and Anna May Wong, and What Price Glory. starring Victor McLaglen and Dolores del Río. In Sadie Thompson, starring Gloria Swanson as a prostitute seeking a new life in Samoa, Walsh starred as Swansons boyfriend in his first acting role since 1915, he also directed the film. He was then hired to direct and star in In Old Arizona, while on location for that film Walsh was in a car crash when a jackrabbit jumped through the windshield as he was driving through the desert, he lost his right eye as a result. He gave up the part and never acted again, warner Baxter won an Oscar for the role Walsh was originally slated to play. Walsh would wear an eyepatch for the rest of his life, in the early days of sound with Fox, Walsh directed the first widescreen spectacle, The Big Trail, an epic wagon train western shot on location across the West. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich and George Raft, and White Heat, Walshs contract at Warners expired in 1953. He directed several films afterwards, including three with Clark Gable, The Tall Men, The King and Four Queens and Band of Angels. Some of Walshs film-related material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives, to which scholars, Walsh replaced director Bretaigne Windust, who fell severely ill, on The Enforcer and shot over half the film, but refused to take screen credit. The Conqueror The Big Trail Captain Horatio Hornblower R. N, the Lawless Breed Esther and the King The Men Who Made the Movies, Raoul Walsh Himself Moss. Raoul Walsh, The True Adventures of Hollywoods Legendary Director, the Films of Raoul Walsh, A Critical Approach excerpt and text search Paolo Bachmann. Turin, Quaderni del Movie Club di Torino, Raoul Walsh o dellavventura singolare, Rome, Bulzoni. Http, //www. lafuriaumana. it Raoul Walsh at the Internet Movie Database Raoul Walsh at AllMovie Senses of Cinema, Great Directors Critical Database Raoul Walsh at Virtual History
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c. 1918
Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh
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Walsh (center), ca. 1926
Raoul Walsh
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As John Wilkes Booth in The Birth of a Nation
15.
The Sword and the Rose
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The Sword and the Rose is a 1953 American-British family and adventure film, produced by Perce Pearce and Walt Disney and directed by Ken Annakin. The film features the story of Mary Tudor, a sister of Henry VIII of England. Based on the 1898 novel When Knighthood Was in Flower by Charles Major, it was made into a motion picture in 1908. The 1953 Disney version was adapted for the screen by Lawrence Edward Watkin, the film was shot at Denham Film Studios and was the third of Disneys British productions after Treasure Island and The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men. In 1956, it was broadcast on American television in two parts under the book title. Mary Tudor falls in love with a new arrival to court and she convinces her brother King Henry VIII to make him his Captain of the Guard. Meanwhile, Henry is determined to marry her off to the aging King Louis XII of France as part of a peace agreement, marys longtime suitor the Duke of Buckingham takes a dislike to Charles as he is a commoner and the Duke wants Mary for himself. However, troubled by his feelings for the princess, Brandon resigns, against the advice of her lady-in-waiting Lady Margaret, Mary dresses up like a boy and follows Brandon to Bristol. Henrys men find them and throw Brandon in the Tower of London, King Henry agrees to spare his life if Mary will marry King Louis and tells her that when Louis dies she is free to marry whomever she wants. Meanwhile, Mary asks the Duke of Buckingham for help but he pretends to help Brandon escape from the Tower. The Duke thinks he is drowned in the Thames, but he survives, Mary marries King Louis and encourages him to drink to excess and be active so that his already deteriorating health worsens. His heir Francis makes it clear that he not return Mary to England after the kings death. When she goes to him for help, the Duke of Buckingham tells Lady Margaret that Brandon is dead, Lady Margaret discovers that Brandon is alive and learning of the Dukes treachery they hurry back to France. Louis dies and the Duke of Buckingham arrives in France to bring Mary back to England and he tells her that Brandon is dead and tries to force her to marry him. Charles arrives in time, rescues her and wounds the Duke in a duel, Mary and Brandon are married and remind Henry of his promise to let her pick her second husband. He forgives them and makes Charles Duke of Suffolk, Walt Disney decided to create a studio in Britain, Walt Disney British Films Ltd. or Walt Disney British Productions Ltd. in association with RKO Pictures and started production of Treasure Island. This team consisted of the director Ken Annakin, producer Douglas Pierce, writer Lawrence Edward Watkin, during this step, each time a batch of storyboards was finished, it was presented to Walt Disney who commented and brought his personal touch. Annakin was granted great freedom with the dialogue, Walt Disney came to oversee the production of the film in the UK from June to September 1952
The Sword and the Rose
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Theatrical release poster
16.
Dauphin of France
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The Dauphin of France —strictly The Dauphin of Viennois —was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830. The word is French for dolphin, as a reference to the depiction of the animal on their coat of arms, guigues IV, Count of Vienne, had a dolphin on his coat of arms and was nicknamed le Dauphin. The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine, the first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles the Wise, later to become Charles V of France. The title was equivalent to the English Prince of Wales, the Scottish Duke of Rothesay, the Portuguese Prince of Brazil. The official style of a Dauphin of France, prior to 1461, was par la grâce de Dieu, dauphin de Viennois, comte de Valentinois et de Diois. A Dauphin of France united the coat of arms of the Dauphiné, which featured Dolphins, with the French fleurs-de-lis, and might, where appropriate, further unite that with other arms. Because of this, the Dauphiné suffered from anarchy in the 14th and 15th centuries, for example, he married Charlotte of Savoy against his fathers wishes. Savoy was an ally of the Dauphiné, and Louis wished to reaffirm that alliance to stamp out rebels. Louis was driven out of the Dauphiné by Charles VIIs soldiers in 1456, after his succession as Louis XI of France in 1461, Louis united the Dauphiné with France, bringing it under royal control. The sons of the King of France hold the style and rank of Son of France, while male-line grandsons hold the style, the sons and grandsons of the Dauphin ranked higher than their cousins, being treated as the kings children and grandchildren respectively. The title was abolished by the Constitution of 1791, which made France a constitutional monarchy, under the constitution the heir to the throne was restyled Prince Royal, taking effect from the inception of the Legislative Assembly on 1 October 1791. The title was restored in potentia under the Bourbon Restoration of Louis XVIII, with the accession of his brother Charles X, Charles son and heir Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême automatically became Dauphin. With the removal of the Bourbons the title fell into disuse, in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck encounters two odd characters who turn out to be professional con men. One of them claims that he should be treated with deference, since he is really an impoverished English duke, in Baronness Emma Orczys Eldorado, the Scarlet Pimpernel rescues the Dauphin from prison and helps spirit him from France. Alphonse Daudet wrote a story called The Death of the Dauphin. It is also mentioned in Cormac McCarthys Blood Meridian
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Charles, 1st Dauphin of France
Dauphin of France
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Coat of arms of the Dauphin of France.
Dauphin of France
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Charles, 3rd Dauphin of France
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Louis, 6th Dauphin of France
17.
Ken Annakin
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Kenneth Cooper Ken Annakin, OBE was a prolific English film director. His career spanned half a century, beginning in the early 1940s and his career peaked in the 1960s with large-scale adventure films and in all he directed nearly 50 pictures. Annakin was born in and grew up in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire where he attended the grammar school. He began his career in films following an early experience making documentaries. Injured in the Liverpool Blitz, he joined the RAF Film Unit, where he worked as camera operator on films for the Ministry of Information. His first filmwork was in 1947 with the Rank Organisation, the following year he moved to Gainsborough Pictures to direct three films about the Huggetts, a working class family living in suburban England. These highly successful films starred Jack Warner, Kathleen Harrison, Petula Clark and Diana Dors, in 1979, Ken Annakin left Britain and moved to Los Angeles. Annakins last completed film was The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking, the 1992 project Genghis Khan was not completed. In 2001 he released a highly regarded autobiography So You Wanna Be A Director, considered a classic among directors autobiographies it has forewords by both Richard Attenborough and Mike Leigh. In their review, the Directors Guild of America stated So You Wanna Be a Director, is an entertaining autobiography through which seasoned directors and aspirants alike can enjoy and learn from a man with such a versatile and long-lived career. Annakin was made one of the few Disney Legends by the Walt Disney Company in March 2002 and he is only the second film director to be so honoured. He was also awarded an OBE the same year for services to the film industry and he died on 22 April 2009, the same day as Jack Cardiff, who had been his cinematographer on the 1979 film The Fifth Musketeer. He was survived by his wife of 50 years, the former Pauline Carter and their daughter Brenda, a daughter from a previous marriage predeceased him. Claims were made that George Lucas took the name for Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars from his friend and fellow director, however
Ken Annakin
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Annakin in 1969
18.
They Who Dare
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They Who Dare is a 1954 Second World War war film directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Dirk Bogarde, Denholm Elliott and Akim Tamiroff. The story is based on Operation Anglo that took place during World War II in the Dodecanese islands where special forces attempted to disrupt the Luftwaffe from threatening Allied forces in Egypt. The title of the film is a reference to the motto of the Special Air Service, Who Dares Wins. During the Second World War, a group of six Special Boat Service commandos, led by Lieutenant Graham, the party are taken to Rhodes by submarine. They come ashore at night and have to traverse the mountains to reach their targets, at a pre-designated location, the party split and the two groups press on and succeed in their attack on the airfields. However, eight of the group are captured and only two, Lieutenant Graham and Sergeant Corcoran, make it back to the point where they are rescued by the submarine. The film was shot on location in Cyprus. They Who Dare at the Internet Movie Database
They Who Dare
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DVD cover
19.
Lewis Milestone
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Lewis Milestone was a Moldovan-born American motion picture director. He is known for directing Two Arabian Knights and All Quiet on the Western Front, Milestone was born in Kishinev, in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, to a family of Jewish heritage. He came to the United States in 1912, just prior to World War I, Milestone held a number of odd jobs before enlisting in the U. S. Signal Corps, where he worked as an assistant director on Army training films during the war. In 1919 he became a citizen of the United States. After the war he went to Hollywood, where he first worked as a film cutter, howard Hughes promoted Milestone to director and one of his early efforts, the 1928 film Two Arabian Knights, won him an Oscar in the first Academy Award ceremony. He also directed The Racket, a gangster film. Milestone won his second Academy Award for All Quiet on the Western Front and his next, The Front Page, brought the Ben Hecht/Charles MacArthur play to the screen. In the Front Page Milestone was one of the first directors to use the rotoambulator, the rotoambulator is a combination of a crane and a dolly with three wheels. The rotoambulator was used in the scene of the Front Page where Walter Bums descends to the shipping area of his plant. The rotoambulator was used to capture the scene in a way that had never been done before. It earned him another Oscar nomination and his work during the 1930s and 1940s was always easily identifiable by its lighting and imaginative use of fluid camera. During this time, he made the original Of Mice and Men, then in the war years Milestone made The North Star, The Purple Heart, and A Walk in the Sun, movies made during and set in World War II. In these films, he defended the worlds fighting both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, after the war, he was blacklisted under the suspicion that he was a communist sympathizer. Deciding to wait for anti-communist hostility to cool, he and his left for Europe. In the U. S. he made other films before leaving for Europe and he worked extensively in television from the mid-1950s on. He returned to the U. S. to make two films, Oceans 11 starring the Rat Pack including Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. The original Oceans 11 worked, but Bounty became a box office bomb, with no other work to do, he turned to TV work which he disliked, then left directing as his health began failing. Milestone died from natural causes on September 25,1980, five short of his 85th birthday
Lewis Milestone
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Milestone in 1930
Lewis Milestone
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2003 stamp
20.
Father Brown (film)
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Father Brown is a 1954 British mystery comedy film. Like the earlier 1934 Paramount picture Father Brown, Detective starring Walter Connolly, Paul Lukas and Gertrude Michael, the film is based on The Blue Cross, a short story by G. K. Chesterton. Father Brown tries to transport an important cross to Rome engaging in battles of wits and faith with a thief. The thief, named Flambeau, is a master of disguise and is elusive, as Father Brown pursues him, K. Chesterton Father Brown stories and was directed by Robert Hamer. The screen adaptation was written by Thelma Moss, and is based on several of the Father Brown stories, variety said the film was, distinguished mainly by the excellent casting of Alec Guinness in the title role. The New York Times found it a leisurely, good-humored film, venice Film Festival 1954, Nominated, Golden Lion Award - Robert Hamer Father Brown at the Internet Movie Database Father Brown at AllMovie
Father Brown (film)
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Father Brown
