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History
Gamma correction
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Gamma correction or gamma is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems. Gamma correction is, in the simplest cases, defined by the following power-law expression:
The effect of gamma correction on an image: the original image was taken to varying powers, showing that powers larger than 1 make the shadows darker,
The effect of gamma correction on an image: the original image was taken to varying powers, showing that powers larger than 1 make the shadows darker, while powers smaller than 1 make dark regions lighter. This is not the actual gamma the picture has, though.
Lightness
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Lightness is a visual perception of the luminance of an object. It is often judged relative to a similarly lit object. In colorimetry and color appearance models, lightness is a prediction of how an illuminated color will appear to a standard observer. While luminance is a linear measurement of light, lightness is a linear prediction of the human perception of that light.
Fig. 1a. Color photograph (sRGB color space).
Fig. 1a. Color photograph (sRGB color space).
Fig. 1b. CIELAB L* (further transformed back to sRGB for consistent display).
Fig. 1b. CIELAB L* (further transformed back to sRGB for consistent display).
Fig. 1c. Rec. 601 luma Y′.
Fig. 1c. Rec. 601 luma Y′.
Fig. 1d. Component average: "intensity" I.
Fig. 1d. Component average: "intensity" I.