A Gandharva marriage is one of the eight classical types of Hindu marriage. This ancient tradition from the Indian subcontinent was based on consensual acceptance between a man and a woman, with no ri
Dushyanta & Shakuntala in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The son that resulted from their Gandharva marriage was named Bharata.
Hidamba Devi Temple in Manali (India) - dedicated to the wife of Pandava Bheema, joined by Gandharva marriage
Gandharva marriage: couple exchange garlands under a tree. Illustration from Sougandhika Parinaya written in Kannada
Shakuntala is a heroine in ancient Indian literature, best known for her portrayal in the ancient Sanskrit play Abhijnanashakuntalam, written by the classical poet Kalidasa in the 4th or 5th century A
Gandharva marriage
…was based on consensual acceptance between a man and a woman, with no rituals, witnesses or family participation. The marriage of Dushyanta and Shakuntala is a celebrated example of this class of marriage in ancient Indian literature. In Hinduism and Buddhism, Gandharvas are male nature spirits and the…
Shakuntala writing a love letter to Dushyanta, a scene from the play painted by Raja Ravi Varma
The Birth of Shakuntala, one of the most famous lithographs by Raja Ravi Varma, depicting Vishvamitra rejecting Menaka and his daughter.
Dushyanta meet Shakuntala, from a folio of Razmnama, the 16th century Persian translation of the Mahabharata
Kalidasa's version features much dramatized variant of the tale. One of Kalidasa's additions include the sage Durvasa cursing Shakuntala (pictured)