1.
Berri Street
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Berri Street is a major north-south street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Berri Street links De la Commune Street in the south and Somerville Street in the north, the street is interrupted between Rosemont Boulevard and Jean Talon Street. Berri Street has two lanes in either direction from De la Commune Street to Roy Street and it changes to one lane in either direction north of Roy Street. The street runs through two tunnels, one underneath Notre-Dame Street and one underneath Sherbrooke Street. Berri Street has a lane from De la Commune Street to Sherbrooke Street. All Montreal Metro stations on the Orange Line between Berri-UQAM and Henri-Bourassa are located underneath Berri Street, the Grande Bibliothèque is located on Berri Street near De Maisonneuve Boulevard. Notable points of interest are located on Berri Street, the Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site is located on the corner of Berri and Notre-Dame Street. The oldest segment of Berri Street opened in the 1690s when the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice established a route towards the river, and became later known as rue Saint-Gilles. At the turn of the 19th century, a lane way was created by the name of ruelle Guy, near rue Saint-Gilles. Starting on August 13,1818, this way became known as Berry Street. Involved in a conflict at La Flèche in 1653, he was killed by the Iroquois in 1663 and he owned a piece of land west of the street. At the beginning of the Nineteenth century, this piece of land was known as la Berry. Berri Street took its form beginning in 1895, when land was expropriated for the construction of Viger Station. This allowed for Berri Street to be prolonged to De la Commune Street, montréal, Méridien,1995, p. 78-79 Berri Street at IMTL. org Berri Street Google Streetview Plan of the street from 1898
2.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
3.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
4.
Berri-UQAM station
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Berri-UQAM is the central station of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. Berri-UQAM is located in the Quartier Latin, in the borough of Ville-Marie, in Montreal, Quebec, the station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the original network of the Metro. Berri-UQAM is the 2nd deepest station in the network, and the one to have 3 lines stacked on each other. Berri-UQAM is also the busiest station in the network, transfers not included, if transfers were included, the 13 million passengers number would rise to about 35-40 million a year. The Green and Orange Lines pass through Berri, and the Yellow Line terminates there, designed by Longpré and Marchand, the station serves three lines, the Green, Orange, and Yellow lines. This central volume contains three levels, staircases lead from the mezzanine to the landings on either side of the Orange Line. These landings provide views of the great volumes over the Green Line platforms below, from the Green Line level, escalators and hallways connect the rest of the station to the Yellow Line terminus, built in a tunnel a block away under rue Saint-Denis. Due to limited space in the tracks, trains reverse both in the tail tracks and in the foretracks leaving the station. All three lines have side platforms and this station was the first to be equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays news, commercials, and the time until the next train arrives. In 2009, the station was made partially wheelchair-accessible through the addition of elevators, two elevators now connect the Orange Line platforms to the mezzanine. The other two lines are not yet accessible, however, there is an elevator in the Saint-Denis exit that opened in June 2010. The station also contains several underground city connections, listed below, the work of five artists is exhibited in this station. The largest work is a mural by Pierre Gaboriau and Pierre Osterrath entitled Hommage aux fondateurs de la ville de Montréal. A gift of the Union régionale de Montréal des caisses populaires Desjardins and installed in 1969, it depicts Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, Jeanne Mance and it is located over the eastern portal of the Green Line tunnel. Three paintings by Robert LaPalme are located over the staircase leading to the Yellow Line terminus. Originally located at the entrance to Expo 67, they represent three themes of the Expo, science, recreation, and culture, a plaque by LaPalme and Georges Lauda, commemorating the inauguration of the Metro, is located at the centre of the mezzanine. It is enclosed in a circular bench, a popular meeting site. There is also a piece of work located in the newer Sainte-Catherine entrance pavilion, the work is a statue of Mother Émilie Gamelin by Raoul Hunter, commemorating Place Émilie-Gamelin in which the entrance is located
5.
De Maisonneuve Boulevard
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De Maisonneuve Boulevard is a major westbound boulevard located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is named after the founder of Montreal, Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve and it is a one-way street westbound. De Maisonneuve Boulevard is about 11 kilometres long and begins on Du Havre Street in the east end, the street also runs through the wealthy enclave of Westmount, where it is one-way, and is cut in two by Westmount Park. De Maisonneuve was created as a street in 1966, following the construction of the Montreal Metro. Today, Ontario Street still remains, as does a section of de Montigny. The downtown portion of De Maisonneuve Boulevard, between St. Hubert Street and St. Mathieu Street, lacks a distinct identity even though its official creation was relatively recent. Rather, it is wedged between two streets, Sherbrooke Street to the north and St. Catherine Street to the south. During the last 20 years, the character of De Maisonneuve Boulevard increased. Institutions already located along the street such as the Université du Québec à Montréal, Place des Arts, other institutions have also built new buildings on the street such as the Grande Bibliothèque, the Cinémathèque québécoise and the Salle Pierre-Mercure. However, De Maisonneuve Boulevards multifunctional character still lacks uniformity limiting it to a transportation corridor, to solve this problem, the City of Montreal has undertaken a major project in 2005 to reconfigure the boulevard. In 2007, the city completed a 3.4 km year-round bicycle path along De Maisonneuve through downtown Montreal, as of the 2009-2010 winter season, it is the only bike path cleared of snow. A report blamed the construction for damage to an underground pedestrian tunnel. On June 16,2008, Montreal city council voted unanimously to name the path after the late Montreal cycling activist Claire Morissette, Westmount Square, Dawson College and the seven linked downtown malls are located on this street. Other notable buildings include the Grande Bibliothèque, Université du Québec à Montréal, Place des Arts, Les Cours Mont-Royal, the Green line of the Montreal Metro runs under this street in between Papineau and Atwater. The Metro was constructed under this street to serve Saint Catherine Street, to the south, vendôme station, on the Orange line, is also located on this boulevard
6.
Bus terminus
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A bus terminus is a designated place where a bus or coach starts or ends its scheduled route. The terminus is the place that a timetable is timed from. Termini can be located at bus stations, interchanges, bus garages or bus stops, termini can both start and stop at the same place, or may be in different locations for starting and finishing a route. Termini may or may not coincide with the use of bus stands, for operational reasons and passenger routes to be their bus garage, where the legal terminus is just outside or nearby. For the purposes of integration of different public transport modes, termini may also be located in a hub or interchange. Minor termini may be a bus stop or loop in a residential street, while it may be of prime importance to the passenger, the location of a terminus may be made for reasons other than convenience of passengers. In rare cases, where the bus operator is commercially separate from the bus station owner, additionally, counter to the idea of integration, competing bus operators may use different locations as intermediate termini, to discourage passengers use of competitors services. This does not apply for true circle routes, where buses simply operate permanently in the clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, termini in bus stations will often include reversing/run-around space, negating the turning issue. Another consideration about the location of a terminus is the need to lay over before resuming in service, to allow layover at a terminus, many routes run through busy centres terminating either side in quiet termini, where a bus can lay over without causing an obstruction. This can be mitigated by using a bus stand, in the two-stop type, the arrival stop can be used as the layover point. Layover time is built into a schedule between arrival at the end of a route and the departure for the return trip, used for the recovery of delays. Terminus location may be positioned to allow driver changes, although this may be less of a factor than the location of the bus garage, centrally located termini may be more convenient for driver changes. Some operators operate pool cars to allow drivers to drive to and wait at a quiet terminus, many routes avoid the need to accommodate turning by having the end of the route form a small circuit as an official part of the route. The terminus is designated as one stop on this circuit, with the bus starting and finishing in the same orientation and this is often necessary in many town centres with one-way traffic systems. Space permitting, the terminus may be a purpose built run-around Bus turnout, often the infrastructure for this remains from a previous tram or trolleybus system. In rare cases, to allow a one stop terminus, routes may be arranged to start and finish at the terminus, with buses arriving as one scheduled route. This can also be done to allow a formal midpoint to split up a long route, reducing the knock-on effect of delays. As opposed to a one stop arrangement, some routes that need to reverse direction at a terminus will start and finish in different stops, and this necessitates running the bus out of service along other streets in order to position in the bus for the reverse direction
7.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
8.
Coach (bus)
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A coach is a type of vehicle used for conveying passengers on excursions and on longer-distance intercity—or even international—bus service. The term was applied to railway carriages in the 19th century, horse-drawn chariots and carriages were used by the wealthy and powerful where the roads were of a high enough standard from possibly 3000 BC. In Hungary, during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus in the 15th century and this cart of Kocs as the Hungarians called it soon became popular all over Europe. Stagecoaches were used for transport between cities from about 1500 in Great Britain until displaced by the arrival of the railways, one of the earliest motorised vehicles was the charabanc, which was used for short journeys and excursions until the early years of the 20th century. Coaches, as they hold passengers for significant periods of time on long journeys, are designed for comfort and they vary considerably in quality from country to country and within countries. Higher specification vehicles include luxury seats and air conditioning, coaches typically have only a single, narrow door, as an increased loading time is acceptable due to infrequent stops. Some characteristics include, Comfortable seats that may include a table, armrests. Comfort is considered to be an important feature in coaches, a minority of coaches are built with monocoque bodies without a chassis frame. Integrated manufacturers include Autosan, Scania, Fuso, and Alexander Dennis, major coachwork providers include Van Hool, Neoplan, Marcopolo, Irizar, MCI, Prevost, and Designline. A representative selection of vehicles currently in use in different parts of the world, a selection of vehicles in use in different parts of the world in the past. Pegaso Z-403 PD-4501 Scenicruiser GM Buffalo bus Anderson, R. C. A. and Frankis, history of Royal Blue Express Services. BBC Time Shift, The Modern Age of Coach Travel
Berri-UQAM (Montreal Metro)
15 Sainte-Catherine (West bound on Boulevard de Maisonneuve)
