1.
Queens
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Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population, with a census-estimated 2,339,150 residents in 2015, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U. S. state of New York, behind the borough of Brooklyn. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York Citys boroughs, if each of New York Citys boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nations fourth most populous city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse area in the world. Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York and it was named after the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It became a borough of New York City in 1898, and from 1683 until 1899, Queens has the most diversified economy of the five boroughs of New York City It is home to JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. These airports are among the busiest in the world, causing the airspace above Queens to be the most congested in the country, attractions in Queens include Flushing Meadows Park, Citi Field, the US Open tennis tournament, Kaufman Astoria Studios, Silvercup Studios, and Aqueduct Racetrack. European colonization brought Dutch and English settlers, as a part of the New Netherland colony, First settlements occurred in 1635 followed by early colonizations at Maspeth in 1642, and Vlissingen in 1643. Other early settlements included Newtown and Jamaica, however, these towns were mostly inhabited by English settlers from New England via eastern Long Island subject to Dutch law. After the capture of the colony by the English and its renaming as New York in 1664, the Flushing Remonstrance signed by colonists in 1657 is considered a precursor to the United States Constitutions provision on freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights. The signers protested the Dutch colonial authorities persecution of Quakers in what is today the borough of Queens, originally, Queens County included the adjacent area now comprising Nassau County. It was a county of New York State, one of twelve created on November 1,1683. The county was named after Catherine of Braganza, since she was queen of England at the time, the county was founded alongside Kings County, and Richmond County. On October 7,1691, all counties in the Colony of New York were redefined, Queens gained North Brother Island, South Brother Island, and Huletts Island. On December 3,1768, Queens gained other islands in Long Island Sound that were not already assigned to a county, Queens played a minor role in the American Revolution, as compared to Brooklyn, where the Battle of Long Island was largely fought. Queens, like the rest of Long Island, remained under British occupation after the Battle of Long Island in 1776 and was occupied throughout most of the rest of the Revolutionary War. Under the Quartering Act, British soldiers used, as barracks, even though many local people were against unannounced quartering, sentiment throughout the county remained in favor of the British crown
2.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake
3.
New York University School of Law
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The New York University School of Law is the law school of New York University. Established in 1835, it is the oldest law school in New York City, the school offers J. D. LL. M. and J. S. D. degrees in law, and is located in Greenwich Village, in downtown Manhattan. NYU Law is regarded as one of the most prestigious and selective law schools in the world and is ranked in the top 5 by the QS World University Rankings. U. S. News & World Report currently ranks NYU Law 6th in the nation and has ranked the law school as high as 4th in recent years. Especially renowned for its strength in public interest law, NYU is also ranked 1st in the country by U. S. News & World Report in both law and tax law. The latest edition of Chicago Professor Brian Leiters ranking of the top law schools by student quality places NYU Law 4th out of the 144 accredited schools in the United States. According to New York University School of Laws 2013 ABA-required disclosures,93. 7% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, NYU Law publishes ten student-edited law journals, including the New York University Law Review. NYU Law offers several fellowships to students admitted to the LLM Program, the Hauser Global Scholarship admits eight to ten top LLM students from all over the world. The scholarship includes full tuition waiver and reasonable accommodation costs, in addition, it offers the Hugo Grotius as well as Vanderbilt scholarships for International law studies and other branches of law respectively. The Law school has a law and business program in eight of the nations student-leaders in law. In addition, the NYU Center for Law, Economics and Organization administers the Lawrence Lederman Fellowship to facilitate the study of Law & Economics, NYU Law also hosts the original chapter of the Unemployment Action Center. Blank is currently the faculty director of the program, students are permitted to enroll in a general course of study or specialize in specific areas such as business taxation or estate planning. Many of the professors are practitioners in their respective fields. LL. M is an abbreviation for Master of Laws, an academic degree. In general, there are two types of LL. M, the majority are programs designed to expose foreign legal graduates to the American Common Law. The other programs involve post doctoral study of an area of the law such as Admiralty, Tax Law, Banking and Financial Law, Elder Law. NYU has implemented a jointly granted NYU/Osgoode LLB/LLM program in which graduates are granted the LLB as well as an LLM from NYU in only 3 and a half years instead of the normally required four. More recently, the NYU School of Law has entered into similar dual degree agreements with the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law and the University of Melbourne Law School
4.
NHL commissioner
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The National Hockey League commissioner is the highest-ranking executive officer in the National Hockey League. The position was created in 1993 with Gary Bettman as the first commissioner, among other duties, the commissioner leads collective bargaining negotiations on behalf of the league and appoints officials for all NHL games. Until 1993, the NHLs top executive was the president, and for five months in 1993 the league had a commissioner. The roles were amalgamated on July 1,1993, the presidency originated in the National Hockey Association, which Frank Calder presided over jointly as NHA and NHL president in the period of the NHLs founding and the NHAs suspension. According to the NHL Constitution, Article VI, section 6.1, ”6.1 Office of Commissioner, Election, the Board of Governors shall determine the term of office and compensation of the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall be elected a majority of the Governors present, the commissioner also determines the date and places of board of governors meetings. On February 1,1993, Gary Bettmans tenure as the first commissioner of the National Hockey League began, replacing Gil Stein, similar to the previous expansion cycles, the focus was on placing teams in the southern United States. The Nashville Predators, Atlanta Thrashers, Minnesota Wild, Columbus Blue Jackets, led by Bettman, the league focused expansion and relocation efforts on the American South, working to expand the leagues footprint across the country. As a result, there has been significant growth in the sport of hockey at the level with children in the U. S. South playing the game in increasing numbers, the move towards Southern markets has been heavily criticized as well, however, with fans in Canada and the Northern United States lamenting the move away from traditional hockey markets. Jim Balsillie accused Bettman of forcing the Predators to end negotiations with him to purchase the team, Bettman was satirized in this vein as the character Harry Buttman in the 2006 Canadian movie Bon Cop, Bad Cop. Although Bettman was tasked with putting an end to the NHLs labour problems, the 1994–95 lockout lasted 104 days, causing the season to be shortened from 84 to 48 games. A key issue during the lockout was the desire to aid small market teams, led by Bettman, the owners insisted on a salary cap, changes to free agency and arbitration in the hopes of limiting escalating salaries, the union instead proposed a luxury tax system. By the end of the deal in 2004, the owners were claiming that player salaries had grown far faster than revenues, and that the league as a whole lost over US$300 million in 2002–03. As a result, on September 15,2004, Bettman announced that the owners again locked the players out prior to the start of the 2004–05 season, accordingly, I have no choice but to announce the formal cancellation of play for 2004–2005. The NHL became the first North American league to cancel an entire season because of a labour stoppage, as in 1994, the owners position was predicated around the need for a salary cap. In an effort to ensure solidarity amongst the owners, the governors voted to give Bettman the right to unilaterally veto any union offer as long as he had the backing of just eight owners. The players initially favored luxury tax system, and a 5% rollback on player salaries — later increased to 24%, as the threat of another season being canceled loomed, the players agreed to accept a salary cap
5.
Hockey Hall of Fame
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The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is a museum and it holds exhibits about players, teams, National Hockey League records, memorabilia and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. Founded in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland, the first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston and its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. In 1993, the hall was relocated to a former Bank of Montreal building in Downtown Toronto, an 18-person committee of players, coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees, who are inducted as players, builders or on-ice officials. In 2010, a subcategory was established for female players, the builders category includes coaches, general managers, commentators, team owners and others who have helped build the game. As of 2016,271 players,105 builders and 16 on-ice officials have been inducted into the Hall of Fame, the Hall of Fame has been criticized for focusing mainly on players from the National Hockey League and largely ignoring players from other North American and international leagues. The Hockey Hall of Fame was established through the efforts of James T. Sutherland, Sutherland sought to establish it in Kingston, Ontario as he believed that the city was the birthplace of hockey. In 1943, the NHL and CAHA reached an agreement that a Hall of Fame would be established in Kingston, originally called the International Hockey Hall of Fame, its mandate was to honour great hockey players and to raise funds for a permanent location. The first nine honoured members were inducted on April 30,1945, although the Hall of Fame still did not have a permanent home. The first board of governors consisted of Red Dutton, Art Ross, Frank Sargent, Lester Patrick, Abbie E. H. Coo, Wes McKnight, Basil E. OMeara, J. P. Fitzgerald and W. A. Hewitt. Kingston lost its most influential advocate as permanent site of the Hockey Hall of Fame when Sutherland died in 1955, by 1958, the Hockey Hall of Fame had still not raised sufficient funds to construct a permanent building in Kingston. Clarence Campbell, then President of the NHL, grew tired of waiting for the construction to begin and withdrew the NHLs support to situate the hall in Kingston. The temporary Hockey Hall of Fame opened as an exhibit within the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in August 1958, due to the success of the exhibit, NHL and CNE decided that a permanent home in the Exhibition Place was needed. The NHL agreed to fund the building of the new facility on the grounds of Exhibition Place. The first permanent Hockey Hall of Fame, which shared a building with the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, was opened on August 26,1961, over 750,000 people visited the Hall in its inaugural year. Admission to the Hockey Hall of Fame was free until 1980, by 1986, the Hall of Fame was running out of room in its existing facilities and the Board of Directors decided that a new home was needed. The Hall vacated the Exhibition Place building in 1992, and its half was taken over by the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the building was eventually demolished — a portion of the buildings facade was preserved as an entrance to BMO Field stadium
6.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
7.
National Basketball Association
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The National Basketball Association is the major mens professional basketball league in North America, and is widely considered to be the premier mens professional basketball league in the world. It has 30 teams, and is a member of USA Basketball. The NBA is one of the four professional sports leagues in the United States. NBA players are the worlds best paid athletes by average annual salary per player, the league was founded in New York City on June 6,1946, as the Basketball Association of America. The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3,1949, the leagues several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, the Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1,1946, in Toronto, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, the first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that leagues 1948 title, Following the 1948–49 season, the BAA took in the remainder of the NBL, Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo. The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as arenas and smaller gymnasiums. The process of contraction saw the leagues smaller-city franchises move to larger cities, the Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957, japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships, to encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a goal within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped. In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, who already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, russells rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports. The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics, led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966
8.
Advance Publications
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Advance Publications, Inc. is an American media company owned by the descendants of S. I. Newhouse Sr. Donald Newhouse and S. I. Newhouse, Jr. It is named after the Staten Island Advance, the first newspaper owned by the Newhouse family, the company is nominally headquartered in the Advance offices in Staten Islands Grasmere neighborhood, though Advance does not have an official headquarters. As of October 2014, it was ranked as the 44th largest private company in the United States according to Forbes, crains ranked Advance Publications the 4th largest private company in the New York area in 2012. In addition to holding publishing and communication assets, Advance serves as the company for the familys 31% stake in cable entertainment company Discovery Communications. Advance also owns a 13% stake in Charter Communications, which it received when Bright House Networks merged with Charter, the Advance Local group includes Advance Digital, a central source of sales and content strategy, product development and technology. Headline Studio, established in 2015, is a content marketing agency. In 2009, Advance Publications launched a reorganization of its newspapers and their affiliate websites. As each property reorganized, the new companies took a digital-first approach to publication, in most cases, staff-produced content is published first to a website, content is then harvested from the website for publication in the printed newspapers. Days of newspaper home delivery were reduced to three or four, except at the New Jersey papers and the Staten Island Advance, Advance sold Random House to German media conglomerate Bertelsmann in 1998. Reddit has 3 sets of shareholders, The largest shareholder is still Advance Publications, the second-largest set of shareholders are reddit employees. In the spin-out that occurred in early 2012, Advance voluntarily reduced its ownership to that of a partial owner in order to put ownership in the hands of current. The third and smallest fraction consists of a set of angel investors, parade Fairchild Fashion Media Bright House Networks Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license. Note, - Indicates a station that was built and signed-on by Advance/Newhouse, Newhouse, Thomas Maier, St. Martins Press,1994
9.
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
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The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame was opened July 7,1981 in Netanya, Israel. It honors Jewish athletes and their accomplishments from anywhere around the world and it is located at the Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sport. It has inducted over 300 athletes and sportspersons representing 25 countries, the Hall elects new honorees each year, with submissions due December 1 for votes for the following year. The Hall was founded by Joseph M. Siegman, a producer and writer who lives in Beverly Hills. He chaired the Hall from 1981 to 1989, and later served as chairman of its Selection Committee, the IJSHoF is separate from the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, an American hall of fame that honors only American Jews. The Pillar of Achievement recognizes Jewish men and women who have significant contributions to sports
10.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
11.
Sun Belt
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The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest. Another rough definition of the region is the south of the 36th parallel. The main defining feature of the Sun Belt is its climate, with extended summers and brief. Within the region, desert/semi-desert, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, the Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth since the 1960s from an influx of people seeking a warm and sunny climate, a surge in retiring baby boomers, and growing economic opportunities. The advent of air conditioning made it easier for people to deal with the heat in the Desert Southwest. In recent years, water shortages, droughts, and drug trafficking near the Mexican border have become problems in the Southwest, five of the states—Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, and Texas—are sometimes collectively called the Sand States because of their abundance of beaches or deserts. First employed by political analyst Kevin Phillips in his 1969 book The Emerging Republican Majority, in this period, economic and political prominence shifted from the Midwest and Northeast to the South and West. Factors such as the climate, the migration of workers from Mexico. The climate spurred not only agricultural growth, but also the migration of retirees to retirement communities in the region, especially in Florida. The oil industry helped propel states such as Texas and Louisiana forward, more recently, high tech and new economy industries have been major drivers of growth in California, Florida, Texas, and other parts of the Sun Belt. Texas and California rank among the top five states in the nation with the most Fortune 500 companies, in 2005, the U. S. Census Bureau projected that approximately 88% of the nations population growth between 2000 and 2030 would occur in the Sun Belt. California, Texas, and Florida were each expected to add more than 12 million people during that time, Nevada, Arizona, Florida, and Texas were expected to be the fastest-growing states. Events leading up to and including the 2008–2009 recession led some to question whether growth projections for the Sun Belt had been overstated. The economic bubble led to the recession appeared, to some observers. Additionally, the lure of cheaper labor markets in the region compared with Americas older industrial centers has been eroded by overseas outsourcing trends. One of the greatest threats facing the belt in the decades is water shortages. Communities in California are making plans to build multiple desalination plants to supply fresh water, Texas, Georgia, and Florida also face increasingly serious shortages because of their rapidly expanding populations. Americans remained cautious about moving to a different state over this period, however, migration to the Sun Belt from the Frost Belt resumed again, according to 2015 Census data estimates, with growing migration to the Sun Belt and out of the Frost Belt and California
12.
Northern United States
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The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North or simply the North, can be a geographic or historical term and definition. Geographically, the term includes the U. S. states and it includes, but is not limited to, states along the Canada–United States border. The United States Census Bureau divides some of the northernmost United States into the Midwest Region, the Census Bureau also includes the northernmost states of the Northwestern United States, that are, within the West Region. Before 19th-century westward expansion, the Northern United States corresponded to the present day New England region, by the 1830s it corresponded to the present day Northeastern United States. During the American Civil War, the Northern United States was composed of the U. S. states that supported the United States of America, in this context, The North is synonymous with the Union. In this context, The South is composed of the states that attempted secession from the U. S. to form the Confederate States of America, however, which states comprised The North in this context can be the subject of historical disagreement. Five slave-holding state, called the Border states, that remained with the Union – Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Northern Tier Flora of the Northern United States Southern United States Southeastern United States Yankee
13.
Alpha Epsilon Pi
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Alpha Epsilon Pi is a college fraternity founded at New York University in 1913 by Charles C. The fraternity has more than 186 active chapters across the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Austria, Australia, and Israel, and has initiated more than 102,000 members. Although the fraternity is based upon Jewish principles, it is non-discriminatory and is open to all who are willing to espouse its purpose, Alpha Epsilon Pi was founded in 1913 under the Washington Square Arch at New York University by Charles C. These men are known as the Immortal 11 and their first pledge was Samuel L. Epstein. Moskowitz had just transferred to New York Universitys School of Commerce from the City College of New York, several fraternities at the School of Commerce expressed interest in him and one gave him a bid. The name of that fraternity is unknown, when Charles asked if his close Jewish friends could join as well, he was told that the invitation was for him alone. At this point, the group of 11 men began meeting regularly in a German rathskeller called Haans Ladies and Gentlemens Restaurant, Cafe, official school recognition of AEPi was granted on November 7. The founding members always intended for AEPi to be a national fraternity, long before the second chapter, the NYU group was designated Alpha Chapter. In 1917, the local fraternity Phi Tau at Cornell University became the Beta Chapter of AEPi, counting the Beta Chapter only fifty-two men had been initiated by April 6,1917, the date the United States formally declared war on Germany and her allies. Almost every undergraduate and alumnus answered the call of the causing the fraternity to become nearly inactive during the war years. In the years between the wars, Alpha Epsilon Pi had grown to twenty-eight chapters. But tough times were known to be forthcoming at the 1941 convention, expansion remained dormant throughout World War II. In 1940, Sigma Omega Psi joined Alpha Epsilon Pi adding three chapters, as did Sigma Tau Phi in 1947, the next two decades were a time of steady growth and prestige for Alpha Epsilon Pi, as well as other fraternities. Expansion was occurring at a rate for the Greek system as a whole. However, with the onset of fighting in Vietnam in the early 1960s, liberal student bodies revolted against authority and the Greek system, which was seen as a conservative, elitist group. Membership plummeted and nearly half the roll was lost. It almost looked as if it might have been the end for Alpha Epsilon Pi, however the fraternity was able to reverse the trend and stabilize following the Vietnam War. Reconnecting with its Jewish heritage, the men of Alpha Epsilon Pi refused to say die, in 2009, AEPi became the first fraternity to establish a chapter in Israel at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya
14.
Juris Doctor
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The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a masters degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States. The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a version of the old European doctor of law degree. Originating from the 19th century Harvard movement for the study of law. It involves a program in most jurisdictions. To be authorized to practice law in the courts of a state in the United States. Lawyers must, however, be admitted to the bar of the court before they are authorized to practice in that court. Admission to the bar of a district court includes admission to the bar of the related bankruptcy court. In the United States, the doctorate in law may be conferred in Latin or in English, as Juris Doctor and at some law schools Doctor of Law. Juris Doctor literally means Teacher of Law, while the Latin for Doctor of Jurisprudence—Jurisprudentiae Doctor—literally means Teacher of Legal Knowledge, the J. D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor. In institutions where the latter can be earned, e. g. D, the LL. D. is invariably an honorary degree in the United States. The first university in Europe, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the school in that city. This served as the model for law schools of the Middle Ages. While Bologna granted only doctorates, preparatory degrees were introduced in Paris, the nature of the J. D. can be better understood by a review of the context of the history of legal education in England. The teaching of law at Cambridge and Oxford Universities was mainly for philosophical or scholarly purposes, the universities taught only civil and canon law but not the common law that applied in most jurisdictions. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court-like practice and lecture, by the fifteenth century, the Inns functioned like a university akin to the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, though very specialized in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades, the importance of the role grew tremendously. The apprenticeship program for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the rules as the apprenticeship programs for the trades
15.
Proskauer Rose
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Proskauer Rose LLP is an international law firm headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1875 and currently has thirteen offices worldwide, Proskauer is known for its labor and employment, litigation, corporate, private equity, finance, and intellectual property law departments. However, the firm is often in the headlines for its sports law group, Proskauer Rose is known for its sports law department, with clients including all four of the major sports leagues in the USA and Canada. Proskauers New York City office, located in Times Square, is its headquarters, the Boston office received Tier 1 rankings for its private investment fund, labor law, intellectual property, corporate finance, tax, and ERISA practice groups. Additionally, the pro bono and government work is led by former Massachusetts Attorney General Scott Harshbarger. The firms Boston office was noted for representing Facebook, Inc. The firms Washington DC office is known for its benefits and executive compensation, securities regulation and enforcement, healthcare. The firms Chicago office is primarily for its bankruptcy, healthcare. The New Orleans and Newark offices have strong niche practices of nationwide ERISA litigation and labor, the firms Boca Raton office has a prominent wealth management and planning group for high-net-worth clients, along with significant labor and employment, tax, and corporate law groups. Proskauers London office is the firms largest location outside of the United States, in 2013, Chambers UK ranked its private equity group as one of the best in the UK. The office also has highly rated tax, finance, and corporate practice groups, the firms Paris office is known internationally for its labor and employment law practice, along with its competition and antitrust, merger control, EU common market law, and corporate law groups. The firms Latin American presence is centered in São Paulo, Brazil, the firms Latin America practice is highly regarded, representing clients, such as Banco Itaú-BBA, Banco Votorantim, WestLB, Banco Santander, Votorantim Group, CSN, the Abril Group, and TV Band. Throughout its history, the headquarters has been located in the area of Times Square, in midtown Manhattan. A full-service practice, it is currently among the ten largest law firms in New York City, william R. Rose started the firm that is now Proskauer Rose when, at 21 years of age, he opened a law firm on Broadway in Downtown Manhattan in 1875. In 1907, Rose promoted associate Benjamin Paskus to partner and renamed the firm Rose & Paskus, Rose & Paskus was one of the first firms to develop a specialized tax practice after the passage of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913. In 1930, Judge Joseph M. Proskauer resigned his position on New Yorks Appellate Division to join the firm, the firm shortened its name to Proskauer Rose in 1997. Thus it cannot rely on long-standing ties to old money or big investment banks, in December 2004, a large group of lawyers from the Boston-based law firm of Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault joined the Boston office of Proskauer Rose. In February 2012, Proskauer Rose increased its gross revenue by 6.4 percent to $686 million and its average profits per partner 9 percent to $1.7 million, in 2013, Proskauer Rose again increased its revenue by more than 7%, to over $700 million
16.
Saddle River, New Jersey
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Saddle River is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Saddle River is one of the wealthiest small municipalities in the United States and was ranked 9th in New Jersey in per capita income as of the 2010 Census. Based on 1989 per capita income, Saddle River was ranked the richest suburb in the nation among those with 2,500 or more people. Despite being fairly close to Manhattan, a bucolic atmosphere pervades in town, the borough contains both newer mansions and stately older homes on vast tracts of land. It is a dry town, where alcohol cannot be sold, Saddle River was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 22,1894, from portions of Orvil Township, based on the results of a referendum held three days earlier. The borough was formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, Saddle Rivers referendum passed on November 19, one day before the referendum passed for the formation of the neighboring borough of Upper Saddle River. An additional portion of Orvil Township was annexed in 1903, the borough is named after the Saddle River, which flows through the borough and is a tributary of the Passaic River, which in turn was named for a stream and valley in Saddell, Argyll, Scotland. J. Osborn House and Barn –88 and 90 East Allendale Road Dr, East G. Roy House –229 West Saddle River Road Saddle River Center Historic District – Along West Saddle River Road at jct. Mount Pleasant and Villa Marie Claire are unincorporated communities located within Saddle River, as of the census of 2010, there were 3,152 people,1,216 households, and 893.8 families residing in the borough. The population density was 640.2 per square mile, there were 1,341 housing units at an average density of 272.4 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 14% of the population,23. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.08. In the borough, the population was out with 21. 1% under the age of 18,5. 4% from 18 to 24,14. 1% from 25 to 44,35. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 50.5 years, for every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 86.9 males, the Census Bureaus 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $97,197 and the median family income was $162,500. Males had an income of $162,740 versus $56,339 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $86,812, about 0. 9% of families and 1. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3. 1% of those under age 18 and 0. 0% of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed seven households in 2010, an increase from the six counted in 2000, as of the 2000 United States Census there were 3,201 people,1,118 households, and 926 families residing in the borough
17.
Jeffrey Pollack
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For the film director and television producer, see Jeff Pollack. For the music and media consultant, see Jeff Pollack, jeffrey Pollack is a sports business consultant and former Commissioner of the World Series of Poker. He was educated at Northwestern University, The Graduate School of Political Management, Pollack later completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University. After a brief career in politics, Pollack moved into the industry of sports business where he’s held executive roles with the NBA, NASCAR, Pollack was listed on the first of Sports Business Journals 40 Under 40 and twice to The Sporting News 100. He has also won two Emmy Awards, Pollack is married, and resides in both Los Angeles and Las Vegas. His half-brother is Gary Bettman, the Commissioner of the National Hockey League, in 2011, Pollack launched Federated Sports+Gaming and the Epic Poker League, where he served as Executive Chairman. Within a year, FS+G had filed bankruptcy, in early 2015, Pollack was hired as special advisor to the San Diego Chargers. Pollack received his degree in journalism from Northwestern University, in addition to two masters degrees. The first masters was from The Graduate School of Political Management, Pollack subsequently completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard University. Initially, Pollack’s career led into politics, a summer internship with the American Jewish Congress prompted a one-year role with the AJC. He worked as a lobbyist on legislation that would permit religious headwear for active military personal in noncombat settings, Pollack then relocated to Los Angeles to work for Winner & Associates, a leading political public relations firm. He was assigned to consult the Major Baseball League during the strife in the early-1990s. The inception of Pollack’s career in sports business occurred in 1992 when he realized—while flying from LA to New York—that there was a niche to fill in the industry, in February 1994, at the age of 29, Pollack founded The Sports Business Daily. It was the first daily publication for the sports industry. Pollack modelled the concept for the Sports Business Daily on the political daily The Hotline, Pollack later noted that Bailey’s influence was “absolutely critical” to the initial success of The Daily. The Sports Business Daily originally occupied 3 rooms in the same building, fellow editor Chuck Todd followed Bilafer in the move from The Hotline to The Daily. Bilafer would go on to note that it would have been a “deal breaker” had Todd not been permitted to him at the SBD. After assembling an editorial, marketing and sales team, The Sports Business Daily launched on September 12,1994 amidst the “perfect storm of business and sports stories. ”With Pollack as its president and publisher
18.
World Series of Poker
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The World Series of Poker is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. The winner of each event receives a World Series of Poker bracelet, over the years, the tournament has grown in both the number of events and in the number of participants. Each year, the WSOP culminates with the $10,000 no-limit holdem Main Event, the victor receives a multi-million dollar cash prize and a bracelet, which has become the most coveted award a poker player can win. The winner of the World Series of Poker Main Event is considered to be the World Champion of Poker, as of 2014, the WSOP consists of 65 events, with most major poker variants featured. However, in recent years, over half of the events have been variants of Texas hold em, Events traditionally take place during one day or over several consecutive days during the series in June and July. However, starting in 2008, the Main Event final table was delayed until November, the 2012 Main Event final table commenced in October because of the United States presidential election. Since 1971, all WSOP events have been tournaments with cash prizes, in 1973, a five-card stud event was added. Since then, new events have added and removed. Since 1976, a bracelet has been awarded to the winner of every event at the annual WSOP, later on, the tournament grew slowly for over a decade, reaching 52 participants in 1982. In the early 1980s, satellite tournaments were introduced, allowing people to win their way into the various events, by 1987, there were over 2,100 entrants in the entire series. At the 2006 World Series of Poker, there were 45 events, participation in the Main Event peaked that year, with 8,773 players. Currently, Texas hold em, Omaha hold em and Seven-card stud, H. O. R. S. E. has been played in the past and returned in 2006. Also, S. H. O. E. has been played in the past, other events played in the past include Chinese poker, Five card stud, and many others. Like most tournaments, the sponsoring casino takes a fee and distributes the rest. In the 2005 Main Event, US$52,818,610 in prize money was distributed among 560 players, with US$7.5 million as the first prize. The 2006 Main Event, won by Jamie Gold, is the largest single poker tournament by prize pool or by entrant numbers in history, in July 2010, it was announced that the winner of the 2010 Main Event would receive just under US$9 million. 11% of the went to Lalibertés charity, the One Drop Foundation. At the time of the announcement,15 of the maximum 48 seats had been taken
19.
NBA salary cap
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The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players. Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a cap to control costs. This limit is subject to a system of rules and exceptions. The actual amount of the cap varies from year to year. Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in future seasons based on league revenues, for the 2015–16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million. For the 2016–17 season, the cap will be set at $94.14 million. For the 2017–18 season, the latest projection is $102 million for the salary cap, the NBA had a salary cap in the mid-1940s, but it was abolished after only one season. Before the cap was reinstated, teams could spend whatever amount of money they wanted on players, under the 2005 CBA, salaries were capped at 57 percent of basketball-related income and lasted for six years until June 30,2011. The current 2011 CBA set the cap at 51.2 percent of BRI in 2011–12, with a 49-to-51 band in subsequent years. To ensure the players get their share of the BRI, teams are required to spend 90 percent of the salary cap each year, the salary floor for the 2016–17 season will be 84.73 million. In December 2016, the league and the union reached a tentative agreement on a new CBA. The new agreement will run through the 2023–24 season, with either side able to opt out after the 2022–23 season. Unlike the NFL and NHL, the NBA features a soft cap. This is done to allow teams to keep their own players, by contrast, the NFL and NHL caps are considered hard, meaning that they offer relatively few circumstances under which teams can exceed the salary cap. The NBA version of the cap does, however, offer less leeway to teams than that of the MLB. MLB does allow teams to spend as much as they want on salary, the percentage increases as the number of consecutive years a team exceeds the cap grows, resetting only when a team falls under the cap. The maximum amount of money a player can sign for is based on the number of years that player has played and the total of the salary cap. The maximum salary of a player with 6 or fewer years of experience is either $9,000,000 or 25% of the salary cap
20.
Florida Panthers
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The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and it was founded in 1993 as an expansion team. They play home games at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, the team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, in 1996, the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series, eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche. Blockbuster Video magnate Wayne Huizenga was awarded an NHL franchise for Miami on December 10,1992, at the time, Huizenga owned both the newly founded Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball and a share of the National Football Leagues Miami Dolphins. The entry fee was $50 million, but despite fellow Florida team Tampa Bay Lightning starting play the year before, Huizenga announced the team would play at the Miami Arena, sharing the building with the National Basketball Associations Miami Heat, until a new arena was built. The team is named for the Florida panther, a species of large cat endemic to the nearby Everglades region. Once the logos and uniforms were unveiled on June 15, the team announced its financial commitment to the panther preservation cause. Huizenga held the Panthers trademark since 1991, when he purchased it from a group of Tampa investors who sought to create an MLB team on the Bay area, the new franchise would join the NHL for participation in the 1993–94 season, along with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. The Panthers first major stars were New York Rangers goaltender castoff John Vanbiesbrouck, rookie Rob Niedermayer and forward Scott Mellanby, who scored 30 goals in Floridas inaugural season. The Panthers had one of the most successful first seasons of any expansion team and their first-year success was attributed mainly to the trap defense that first-year coach Roger Neilson implemented. This conservative style was criticized by NHL teams, some even suggested that the Panthers were ruining the game at the time. While the team expected the audience to consist of mostly snowbird Canadians living in Florida. Helped by Miamis other teams having middling performances, the club averaged 94% capacity at the 14, 500-seat Miami Arena, in August 1994, General Manager Clarke left to work for the Philadelphia Flyers, while Bryan Murray was brought in from the Detroit Red Wings as his replacement. Doug MacLean, who had been the player development director, was promoted to coach. The team then acquired Ray Sheppard from the San Jose Sharks at the NHL trade deadline, a very unusual goal celebration developed in Miami during the 1995–96 season. On the night of the Panthers 1995–96 home opener, a rat scurried across the locker room. Scott Mellanby reacted by one-timing the rat against the wall, killing it and that night, he scored two goals, which Vanbiesbrouck quipped was a rat trick. Two nights later, as the story found its way into the world, the rubber rat count went from 16 for the third home game to over 2,000 during the playoffs
21.
Anaheim Ducks
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The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, since their inception, the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center. The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks. Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli, the Ducks have made the playoffs 12 times and won five Pacific Division titles, two Western Conference championships and one Stanley Cup. The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company, the franchise was awarded by the NHL in December 1992, along with the rights to a Miami team that would become the Florida Panthers. An entrance fee of $50 million was required, half of which Disney would pay directly to the Los Angeles Kings in order to share Southern California. Philadelphia-arena management specialist Tony Tavares was chosen to be president, and Jack Ferreira. The Ducks selected Ron Wilson to be the first coach in team history, the Ducks and the expansion Florida Panthers team filled out their rosters in the 1993 NHL Expansion Draft and the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. In the former, a focus on defense led to goaltenders Guy Hebert and Glenn Healy being the first picks, followed by Alexei Kasatonov and Steven King. In the latter, the Ducks selected as the fourth overall pick Paul Kariya, the resulting roster had the lowest payroll of the NHL, with only $7.9 million. Led by captain Troy Loney, the Ducks finished the season 33–46–5, a number of wins for an expansion team. The Ducks sold out 27 of 41 home games, including the last 25, Ducks licensed merchandise shot to number one in sales among NHL clubs, helped by their presence in Disneys theme parks and Disney Stores. The lockout-shortened 1994–95 NHL season saw the debut of Paul Kariya, the Ducks had another respectable season, going 16–27–5. 1995–96 would mark a big change for the team, especially for second-year superstar Paul Kariya, during the season, he was chosen to play for the Western Conference in the 1996 NHL All-Star Game as the lone Ducks representative. At the time of his selection, Kariya was ranked 14th in league scoring with 51 points over 42 games, and his efforts, then a midseason blockbuster deal with the Winnipeg Jets improved the franchise. The Ducks sent Chad Kilger, Oleg Tverdovsky and a third round pick to the Jets in return for Marc Chouinard, following the trade, Ducks centre Steve Rucchin commented, Paul had a lot of pressure on him. He singlehandedly won some games for us this year, now that we have Teemu, theres no way everybody can just key on Paul. These three players formed one of the most potent lines of their time, although the trade proved to be an important effort in the team, they still finished short of the playoffs, losing the eight spot in the West to the Jets based on the number of wins
22.
Nashville Predators
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The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville, Tennessee. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the Predators joined the NHL as an expansion team in the 1998–99 season, and play their home games at Bridgestone Arena. In late 1995, rumors began to circulate that the New Jersey Devils would be relocating to the planned Nashville Arena. Nashville offered a $20 million relocation bonus to any team that would relocate, after the attempt to get the Devils, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman noted that Nashville would probably at least be considered in upcoming expansion. The arena was opened in 1996, and after an attempt to bring the National Basketball Association s Sacramento Kings did not go through, in January 1997, a group led by Wisconsin businessman Craig Leipold made a formal presentation before the NHL requesting an expansion franchise. When Bettman and league officials visited Nashville to tour the arena, in June, the league granted conditional franchises to Nashville, Columbus, Ohio, Atlanta, and Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The Nashville team would be scheduled to play in 1998 if they met the NHL requirement of selling 12,000 season tickets before March 31,1998. Of the four cities, Nashville was the one with a completed arena. A month later, Leipold named former Washington Capitals general manager David Poile as the franchises first general manager, portland Pirates head coach Barry Trotz was named the franchises first head coach on August 6. Mitch Korn was named the first goaltending coach for the franchise, on September 25,1997, Leipold and team president Jack Diller held a press conference where they unveiled the franchises new logo, a saber-toothed cat. The logo was a reference to a partial Smilodon skeleton found beneath downtown Nashville in 1971 during construction of the First American National Bank building, once the logo was unveiled, the franchise held a vote among fans to choose a name. Three candidates were culled from 75, Ice Tigers, Fury, Leipold added his own submission to the vote, Predators. On November 13, Leipold revealed at a conference that his submission had won out. At one point, rumors began to circulate that the team would move before the first puck ever hit the ice, one rumor had Leipold trading franchises with the Edmonton Oilers, with the Oilers moving to Nashville and the Nashville expansion franchise moving to Houston, Texas. Leipold shot this rumor down, saying here is no chance, when awarded a franchise, the city of Nashville paid 31. 50% of the $80 million fee to join the League. The city has engaged an affiliate of the team to operate the arena, the $15 million payroll of the team was the lowest of the NHL. The Predators first took the ice on October 10,1998 and it was the only sold out game of the Predators first five bouts in Nashville. Three nights later, on October 13, they defeated the Carolina Hurricanes 3–2 for their first win, forward Andrew Brunette scored the first goal
23.
Atlanta Thrashers
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The Atlanta Thrashers were an American professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was granted a franchise in the National Hockey League on June 25,1997 and they were members of the Southeast Division of the NHLs Eastern Conference, and played their home games at Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta. The Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once, during the 2006–07 season in which won the Southeast Division. In May 2011, the Thrashers were sold to Canadian-based ownership group True North Sports & Entertainment, the group moved the franchise to Winnipeg, Manitoba, which became the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. The sale and relocation were approved by the NHL on June 21,2011, with the sale and relocation of the team, Atlanta became the first city in the NHLs modern era to have two ice hockey teams relocate to different cities. In both cases, the team moved from Atlanta to Canada, the citys previous NHL team moved to Calgary, Alberta and this also included teams in Nashville, Columbus and St. Paul, in which each new franchise would begin play as its respective new arena was completed. The birth of the new franchise marked NHL hockeys return to Georgia, as the Atlanta Flames, established in 1972, departed for Canada in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames. The Flames had been the Leagues first foray into the southern U. S. the nickname Thrashers, after Georgias state bird, the brown thrasher, was selected from a fan poll. Thrashers had actually been runner-up to Flames in the poll, and Philips Arena, the Thrashers new home, was built on the site of the former Omni, which had been home to the Flames. The newly formed Thrashers selected Patrik Stefan with the first overall selection, the Thrashers played their first game on October 2,1999, losing 4–1 to the New Jersey Devils. Atlanta had the second pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. The team also had a choice in the 2001 Draft. Tragedy struck the team just eight days after the sale, as star forward Dany Heatley crashed his Ferrari in an accident that seriously injured both himself and Thrashers center Dan Snyder. Heatley suffered a jaw and arm, a sprained wrist. The Thrashers dedicated their entire 2003–04 season to Snyders memory, and Thrashers players wore patches with Snyders number,37. Heatleys blood alcohol content was below the limit, but his combination of speeding and recklessness led to criminal charges. He eventually received three years probation and community service, led by captain Shawn McEachern, the Thrashers jumped quickly out of the gate with some notable highlights. Eleven games into the season, the Thrashers were alone in first place both the Southeast Division and the NHL
24.
Minnesota Wild
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The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Paul, Minnesota. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the Wild are the only one of the Minneapolis-St. Paul areas major professional sports league franchises to play in St. Paul, the other three play in Minneapolis. The new team was founded on June 25,1997, the Wild were the first NHL franchise in Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas in 1993. They lost their first game, 3–1, to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, the Wild play at the Xcel Energy Center. In the 2002–03 season, the team made its first Stanley Cup playoff appearance, as of 2015, the Wild have averaged a.537 points percentage since entering the league. Following the departure of the Minnesota North Stars after the 1993 season, mayor Norm Coleman began a campaign to either recruit the relocation of an existing franchise to St. Paul or the award of an expansion franchise to a Minnesota-based ownership group. Shortly after the attempt to relocate the Jets, the NHL announced its intention to expand from 26 to 30 teams. Bob Naegele, Jr. became the lead investor for an application to the NHL for an expansion franchise, on June 25,1997, the NHL announced that Minnesota had been awarded an expansion franchise, to begin play in the 2000–01 season. The six finalist team names for the new NHL franchise, were announced on November 20,1997. Jac Sperling was named Chief Executive Officer of the Minnesota team, Doug Risebrough was named General Manager, Tod Leiweke was named President, the team was officially named the Wild, with the unveiling occurring at Aldrich Arena in the suburb of Maplewood on January 22,1998. The new name was introduced to everyone with the song Born to be Wild by Steppenwolf playing over the speaker system. The Minnesota Wild announced its first major agreement with MasterCard from First USA. It was the earliest that First USA had ever signed an agreement in advance of a team beginning play. The State of Minnesota adopted legislation in April,1998 to loan $65 million to the City of St. Paul to fund 50% of the estimated $130 million project costs for the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul. The City of St. Deconstruction of the St. Paul Civic Center began soon thereafter, a groundbreaking ceremony for the Xcel Energy Center was hosted in St. Paul. The Minnesota Wild announced a 26-year partnership agreement with the Minnesota Amateur Sports Commission, the Minnesota Wild-MASC partnership is the first partnership of its kind between a private professional sports team and a public amateur sports organization. Doug Risebrough was named executive vice president/general manager of Minnesota Wild, the Wild named Jacques Lemaire their first-ever head coach and the team picked Marian Gaborik third overall in the first round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. Gaborik would go on to score the first ever goal for the Wild in their debut on October 6 at Anaheim
25.
Columbus Blue Jackets
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The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Blue Jackets were founded as an expansion team in 2000. The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009, the Blue Jackets name and logos were inspired by Ohios Civil War history. The Blue Jackets play their games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL, prior to the establishment of the Blue Jackets, the last NHL team in the state of Ohio was the Cleveland Barons, who played from 1976 to 1978. In Columbus, the Blue Jackets replaced the Columbus Chill of the ECHL, the Chill played at the Ohio Expo Center Coliseum where they had an 83-game sellout streak, which was a minor league hockey record at the time. In November 1996, five investors formed a partnership called Columbus Hockey Limited, who submitted an application. The voters of Columbus were considering a referendum to build a publicly financed arena, when League Commissioner Gary Bettman visited Columbus to meet with the communitys leaders about the franchise proposal, there was concern that the voters might not pass the needed referendum. The civic leaders told Bettman that they would not be willing to foot the bill for the if the referendum failed. However, just after the meeting adjourned, John H. McConnell privately guaranteed Bettman that an arena would be built, Columbus hopes for the bid dimmed when the May referendum failed. However, Nationwide announced on May 31,1997, that it would finance the $150-million arena, subsequently, on June 25,1997, the NHL announced that Columbus would receive a new franchise. Afterwards a Name the Team contest was held with the help from Wendys throughout central Ohio during the month of August 1997, out of 14,000 submitted entries, the franchise with help from the NHL narrowed the 14,000 entries down to 10 names. Then with the information received from owner John H. McConnell regarding Columbus history, the League, the former, which referenced Ohios contributions to the American Civil War, was eventually announced as the team name in November. On June 23,2000, the NHLs two newest teams, the Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild, took part in the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft in Calgary, Alberta. Under the drafts rules,26 of the NHLs active 28 teams were allowed to protect one goaltender, five defensemen, and nine forwards, or two goaltenders, three defensemen, and seven forwards. The Atlanta Thrashers and Nashville Predators both had their full rosters protected because they were the two newest teams, only being in existence for one and two years, respectively. Both the Blue Jackets and Wild had to use their first 24 selections on three goaltenders, eight defensemen, and thirteen forwards and their final two picks could be players of any position. With the first-overall choice, the Blue Jackets selected goaltender Rick Tabaracci from the Colorado Avalanche, over the course of the draft, Columbus picked up goalie Dwayne Roloson, defensemen Lyle Odelein and Mathieu Schneider, and forwards Geoff Sanderson, Turner Stevenson and Dallas Drake, among others
26.
Minnesota North Stars
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The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their games at the Met Center in Bloomington. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, in the fall of 1993, the franchise moved to Dallas, Texas, and is now known as the Dallas Stars. On March 11,1965, NHL President Clarence Campbell announced that the league would expand to twelve teams from six through the creation of a new division for the 1967–68 season. In response to Campbells announcement, a partnership of nine men, led by Walter Bush, Jr. and their efforts were successful, as the NHL awarded one of its six expansion franchises to Minnesota on February 9,1966. In addition to Minnesota, the five other franchises were awarded to California, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, the North Stars name was announced on May 25,1966, following a public contest. The name is derived from the states motto LÉtoile du Nord, months after the naming of the team, ground was broken on October 3,1966, for a new hockey arena in Bloomington, Minnesota. The home of the North Stars, the Metropolitan Sports Center, was built in 12 months at a cost of $7 million, the arena was ready for play for the start of the 1967–68 NHL season, but portions of the arenas construction had not been completed. Spectator seats were in the process of being installed as fans arrived at the arena for the home game on October 21,1967. On October 11,1967, the North Stars played the first game in history on the road against the St. Louis Blues. The game ended in a 2-2 tie, with former US National Team forward Bill Masterton scoring the first goal in franchise history, on October 21,1967, the North Stars played their first home game against the California Seals. The team achieved success early as it was in first place in the West Division halfway through the 1967–68 season, tragedy struck the team during the first season on January 13,1968, when Masterton suffered a fatal hit during a game against the Seals at Met Center. Skating towards the Seals goal across the line, Masterton fell backwards, hitting the back of his head on the ice. He never regained consciousness and died on January 15,1968, at the age of 29, doctors described the cause of Mastertons death as a massive brain injury. To this date, this remains the only death to a player as a result of an injury during a game in NHL history, following the news of Mastertons death, the North Stars lost the next six games. The North Stars would achieve success in their first year of existence by finishing in place in the West Division with a record of 27-32-15. During the 1968 playoffs, the North Stars defeated the Los Angeles Kings in seven games after losing the first two in the series. In the next round, the West finals, the North Stars faced the St. Louis Blues in a series which would go to a seventh game
27.
Dallas Stars
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The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978–79 NHL season, the merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each teams respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the relocated to Dallas for the 1993–94 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, the Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents Trophies as the top regular season team in the NHL, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998–99, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year, in 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011, in 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the NHLs six-team expansion, home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars were purchased by the owners of the Cleveland Barons, with both teams on the verge of folding, the NHL permitted the two failing franchises to merge. The merger brought with it a number of talented players, and the North Stars were revived—they reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1981, the NHL rejected the request and instead agreed to award an expansion franchise, the San Jose Sharks, to the Gund brothers. In the following season, the Minnesota North Stars made it to the Stanley Cup Finals, after the 1991 season, the North Stars suffered through poor attendance and profitability. The teams fortunes were further impeded by the terms of the settlement with the Gund brothers, New owner Norman Green explored the possibility of moving the team to Anaheim, however the NHL decided instead to place the expansion Mighty Ducks there in 1992. In their final two seasons in Minnesota, the adopted a new logo which omitted the North from North Stars. In 1993, amid further attendance woes and bitter controversy, Green obtained permission to move the team to Dallas. Green was convinced by former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach that Dallas would be a market for an NHL team. The Stars would move into Reunion Arena, built in 1980, the Stars played their first game in Dallas on October 5,1993, a 6–4 win against the Detroit Red Wings. In that game, Neal Broten scored the first Stars goal in Dallas, Dallas was an experiment for the NHL
28.
Quebec Nordiques
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The Quebec Nordiques were a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City, Quebec. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League, the franchise was relocated to Denver, Colorado, in May 1995, and renamed the Colorado Avalanche. The Quebec Nordiques formed as one of the original World Hockey Association teams in 1972, the franchise was not one of the eight original teams established when the league was announced on November 1,1971. The franchise was awarded to a group in San Francisco. They were named the Nordiques because they were one of the northernmost teams in sports in North America. Quebec City is located at 46 degrees north latitude, Nordiques translated from French to English means Northerners or Northmen, the only WHA teams located farther north were the Alberta Oilers, Calgary Cowboys, Vancouver Blazers and Winnipeg Jets. The Nordiques first head coach was the legendary Maurice Rocket Richard, the Rocket decided coaching wasnt his forte and stepped down. The Nordiques first star was two-way defenceman J. C, tremblay, who led the WHA in assists in the leagues first season and would be named a league All-Star for his first four years in Quebec. The next season Serge Bernier and Rejean Houle joined the Nordiques, in 1974–75 season, they finally made the playoffs with the help of the high-scoring Marc Tardif, the year also saw the debut of Real Cloutier, who would be one of the WHAs stars. They beat the Phoenix Roadrunners and the Minnesota Fighting Saints to reach the finals and they represented Canada at the Izvestia Hockey Tournament in Moscow, finishing last with an 0–3–1 record. By 1978, the WHA was in crisis, and Marcel Aubut, by then the president under ownership of the Carling-OKeefe Brewery. The Nordiques were unable to defend their title and fell in the playoffs to the New England Whalers, the 1978–79 season would be the final one for the WHA and for J. C. Tremblay, who retired at the end of the season and had his #3 jersey retired. As part of the NHL–WHA merger, the WHA insisted on including all of its surviving Canadian teams, including the Nordiques, as a result, the Nordiques entered the NHL along with the Whalers, Oilers and Jets. Forced to let all but three players go in a draft, the Nordiques sank to the bottom of the standings. They finished the 1979–80 NHL season last in their division despite the play of promising rookie left winger Michel Goulet. An early highlight to the dreary season came when Real Cloutier became the second NHL player, following Alex Smart. In August 1980 the Nordiques announced that they signed newly defected brothers Peter and Anton Stastny, members of the Czechoslovak national team and their brother, Marian, would follow and also sign with Quebec in the summer of 1981
29.
Colorado Avalanche
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The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver, Colorado. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone, the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone. Their home arena is Pepsi Center and their general manager is Joe Sakic. The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the franchises of the World Hockey Association. The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL–WHA merger, following the 1994–95 season, they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver. Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues, only the National Football League s Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat and this was the first major professional sports championship a Denver-based team would bring to the city. In the 2001 Stanley Cup Finals, the Avalanche defeated the New Jersey Devils 4–3 to win their second, as a result, they are the only active NHL team that has won all of its Stanley Cup Final appearances. Coincidentally, the Devils had preceded the Avalanche in Denver, they were called the Colorado Rockies, the Avalanche have won nine division titles and qualified for the playoffs in each of their first ten seasons in Denver, this streak ended in 2007. The Quebec Nordiques were one of the World Hockey Associations original teams when the league play in 1972. Though first awarded to a group in San Francisco, the team moved to Quebec City when the California deal soured because of financial. During their seven WHA seasons, the Nordiques won the Avco World Trophy once, in 1977 and lost the finals once, in 1979, the franchise entered the NHL, along with the WHAs Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers, and Winnipeg Jets. After making the postseason for seven years, from 1981 to 1987. From 1987–88 to 1991–92, the finished last in their division every season. This included a dreadful 12-win season in 1989-90 that is still the worst in franchise history, as a result, the team earned three consecutive first overall draft picks, used to select Mats Sundin, Owen Nolan and Eric Lindros. Lindros made it clear he did not wish to play for the Nordiques, to the extent that he did not wear the jersey for the press photographs. On advice from his mother, he refused to sign a contract, on June 30,1992, he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for five players, the rights to Swedish prospect Peter Forsberg, two first round draft picks and US$15 million. The Eric Lindros trade turned the moribund Nordiques into a Stanley Cup contender almost overnight, in the first season after the trade, 1992–93, the Nordiques reached the playoffs for the first time in six years. Two years later, they won the Northeast Division and had the second best regular-season record during the strike-shortened season, while the team experienced on-ice success, it spent most of its first 23 years struggling financially
30.
Arizona Coyotes
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The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale, Arizona. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, since December 2003, the Coyotes have played their home games at Gila River Arena after having spent 7½ seasons at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix. On June 10,2015, the Glendale City Council voted to end their agreement with the Coyotes at Gila River Arena. The Coyotes were founded on December 27,1971, as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association, after the WHA had ceased operations, they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22,1979. The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1,1996, and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes, the NHL took over ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy. The sale to IceArizona Acquisition Co, LLC. was completed on August 5,2013. On June 27,2014, the changed its geographic name from Phoenix to Arizona. On June 26,2015, the team introduced updated jerseys for the 2015–16 NHL season, the team began play as the Winnipeg Jets, one of the founding franchises in the World Hockey Association. The Jets were the most successful team in the short-lived WHA, winning the Avco World Trophy and it then became one of the four teams admitted to the NHL as part of a merger when the financially struggling WHA folded in 1979. However, the club was never able to translate its WHA success into the NHL after the merger, as a result, they finished last in the NHL during their first two seasons, including a nine-win season in 1980–81 that is still the worst in franchise history. They recovered fairly quickly, however, making the playoffs 11 times in the next 15 seasons, however, the Jets only won two playoff series, largely due to being in the same division as the powerful Edmonton Oilers and Calgary Flames. Because of the way the playoffs were structured for much of their Winnipeg run, in 1984–85, for instance, they finished with the fifth-best record in the league, only to be bounced by the Oilers in the division finals. Two years later, they dispatched the Flames in the first round, the franchise would not win another playoff series for 25 years. The Jets ran into trouble when player salaries began spiraling up in the 1990s. In addition, the home arena, Winnipeg Arena, was one of the smallest in the league. Despite strong fan support, several attempts to keep the team in Winnipeg fell through, after the franchise considered Mustangs, Outlaws, Wranglers and Freeze, a name-the-team contest yielded the nickname Coyotes, which finished ahead of the second-place Scorpions. In the summer that the move took place, Jets star Alexei Zhamnov left the team, Roenick teamed up with power wingers Keith Tkachuk and Rick Tocchet to form a dynamic 1–2–3 offensive punch that led the Coyotes through their first years in Arizona. Also impressive were young players like Shane Doan, Oleg Tverdovsky and goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin, another key addition to the squad was veteran forward Mike Gartner, who had come over from the Toronto Maple Leafs
31.
Hartford Whalers
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The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based for most of its existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association from 1972 until 1979, originally based in Boston, the team joined the WHA in the leagues inaugural season, and was known as the New England Whalers throughout its time in the WHA. The Whalers moved to Hartford in 1974 and joined the NHL in the NHL–WHA merger of 1979, in 1997, the Whalers franchise relocated to North Carolina, where it became the Carolina Hurricanes. Godfrey Wood and William Edward Barnes to begin play in Boston, olympians on the Whalers roster had spent a significant part of their careers in Boston with Boston College and the Bruins, respectively. The Whalers had the WHAs best regular-season record in the 1972–73 season, Webster led the team in scoring and through the playoffs. Behind legendary ex-Boston University Head Coach Jack Kelley, the defeated the Winnipeg Jets to win the inaugural Avco World Trophy. The club played its first seasons home games at Boston Garden, fed up with the situation, Baldwin decided to move elsewhere. Hartford was about to open a new, modern arena and convention center. The city had hoped to get an American Basketball Association team as the main tenant, the area, aside from various minor league teams in New Haven, had been largely bereft of professional hockey until the Whalers arrival. The Civic Center was still being finished when the 1974–75 season began, so the Whalers played the first part of the 1974–75 season at The Big E Coliseum in West Springfield, Massachusetts. On January 11,1975, the team played its first game in front of a crowd at the Hartford Civic Center. Though they never won the WHA championship, the New England Whalers were a successful team, never missing the playoffs in league history. They had a stable roster than most WHA teams, Ley, Webster, Selwood, Pleau. It scored a coup when it signed legend Gordie Howe and his sons Mark. While the first two seasons in Hartford were not glittering, the final two WHA seasons saw more success. The next season was not so fine, however, but while age finally caught up with Gordie Howe, the slack was picked up by Andre Lacroix, the WHAs all-time leading scorer, acquired from the Aeros. As the Whalers were one of the most stable WHA teams, following lobbying from the Boston Bruins, one of the conditions of the merger stipulated that the Whalers were to drop New England from their name. The Howes, Rogers, Ley, Keon, Smith, Roberts, the team also changed its colors to blue and green, a combination which was unused in the NHL at the time
32.
Carolina Hurricanes
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The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Hurricanes play their home games at the 18, 680-seat PNC Arena. The franchise was formed in 1971 as the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association, the team relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and won its first Stanley Cup during the 2005–06 season, beating the Edmonton Oilers, four games to three. The New England Whalers were established in November 1971 when the World Hockey Association awarded a franchise to play in Boston. For the first two years of their existence, the club played their games at the Boston Arena. With the increasing difficulty of scheduling games at Boston Garden, the decided to move the team to Hartford, Connecticut. While waiting for the completion of a new arena in Hartford, on January 11,1975, the team played its first game in front of a sellout crowd at the Hartford Civic Center Coliseum, and would maintain its home there through 1997. As one of the most stable WHA teams, the Whalers, along with the Edmonton Oilers, Quebec Nordiques, however, under pressure from the extant NHL team in the New England area, the Boston Bruins, the Whalers were compelled to rename the team the Hartford Whalers. The Whalers were never as successful in the NHL as they had been in the WHA, the next year, the club secured the regular-season Adams Division title, only to fall to the Nordiques in six games in the first round of the playoffs. In 1992, the Whalers made the playoffs for the final time, the Whalers were plagued for most of their existence by limited marketability. Hartford was the smallest American market in the league, and was located on the dividing line between the home territories for New York City and Boston teams. It did not help matters that the Hartford Civic Center was one of the smallest arenas in the league, the Whalers off-ice problems were magnified when the start of the 1990s triggered a spike in player salaries. On May 6,1997, Karmanos announced that the Whalers would move to the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, the Hurricanes inherited the Whalers place in the Northeast Division. Unfortunately for the team, the ESA would not be complete for two more years, the only arena in the Triangle area with an ice plant was 45-year-old Dorton Arena, at 5,100 seats, it was completely inadequate even for temporary use. The Hurricanes were thus forced to play games in Greensboro,90 minutes west of Raleigh. However, the team would be based in Raleigh and practice in nearby Hillsborough—effectively saddling the Hurricanes with 82 road games for the two years. This choice was disastrous for the attendance and reputation. With a capacity of over 21,000 people for hockey, however, Triangle-area fans balked at making the 80-mile drive down I-40 to Greensboro
33.
Hamilton, Ontario
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Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians, since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario. Hamilton is home to the Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, McMaster University is ranked 4th in Canada and 94th in the world by Times Higher Education Rankings 2015-16 and has a well-known medical school. Possibly because of its environment, numerous TV and film productions have been filmed in Hamilton, regulated by the Hamilton Film. A growing arts and culture community garnered media attention in 2006 when the Globe and Mail published an article called Go West, the article highlighted local art galleries, recording studios and independent film production. In pre-colonial times, the Neutral Indians used much of the land but were driven out by the Five Nations who were allied with the British against the Huron. A member of the Iroquois Confederacy provided the route and name for Mohawk Road, which originally included King Street in the lower city. In 1784, about 10,000 United Empire Loyalists settled in Upper Canada, chiefly in Niagara, around the Bay of Quinte, and along the St. Lawrence River between Lake Ontario and Montreal. They were soon followed by many more Americans, some of not so much ardent loyalists but attracted nonetheless by the availability of inexpensive. At the same time, large numbers of Iroquois loyal to Britain arrived from the United States and were settled on reserves west of Lake Ontario. The town of Hamilton was conceived by George Hamilton, when he purchased farm holdings of James Durand, nathaniel Hughson, a property owner to the north, cooperated with George Hamilton to prepare a proposal for a courthouse and jail on Hamiltons property. Hamilton offered the land to the crown for the future site, Durand was empowered by Hughson and Hamilton to sell property holdings which later became the site of the town. As he had instructed, Durand circulated the offers at York during a session of the Legislative Assembly. Initially, this town was not the most important centre of the Gore District, a permanent jail was not constructed until 1832 when a cut-stone design was completed on one of the two squares created in 1816, Princes Square. Subsequently, the first police board and the limits were defined by statute on February 13,1833. Official City status was achieved on June 9,1846, by an act of Parliament,9 Victoria Chapter 73, the city had several interurban electric street railways and two inclines, all powered by the Cataract Power Co. Though suffering through the Hamilton Street Railway strike of 1906, with industrial businesses expanding, allan Skyway in 1958, and the first Tim Hortons store in 1964. Since then, many of the industries have moved or shut down operations and the economy has shifted more toward the service sector, such as transportation, education
34.
Jim Balsillie
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James Laurence Jim Balsillie is a Canadian businessman, philanthropist and former co-CEO of the Canadian company Research In Motion. He is also the founder of the Centre for International Governance Innovation, Canadian International Council, Balsillie School of International Affairs, following his retirement as co-CEO of RIM in January 2012, Balsillie assumed a director role on RIMs Board of Directors. In March 2012, he resigned from the Board due to differences with RIMs new leader and CEO, Thorsten Heins. He served as a member of the United Nations Panel on Global Sustainability until 2012, in June 2013, the Government of Canada appointed Balsillie as the Chair of Sustainable Development Technologies Canada. Balsillie was born in Seaforth, Ontario, and raised in Peterborough, Ontario and he received a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Trinity College at the University of Toronto in 1984. He earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1989 and he received a PhD from Wilfrid Laurier University. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario, Balsillie has been involved in three attempts to buy a National Hockey League franchise with the overt intention of moving it to Hamilton, Ontario. On October 5,2006, Balsillie made a bid to purchase the Pittsburgh Penguins, on December 15,2006, Balsillie withdrew his bid to buy the team. On May 23,2007, it was announced that Balsillie had reached an agreement to buy the Nashville Predators from Craig Leipold. On June 28,2007, CBC. ca reported that Leipold had decided not to sign an agreement with Balsillie. On May 5,2009, Balsillie made an offer of $212.5 million to purchase the Phoenix Coyotes following the filing for bankruptcy protection in Arizona. In a press release from Toronto, Ontario, the offer to purchase is conditional on relocation to Southern Ontario, on June 15,2009, Judge Redfield T. Baum rejected Balsillie’s bid to purchase the Coyotes. Judge Baum’s ruling included that he did not have the power to force the team to move, on September 30,2009, Balsillies bid was again rejected by Judge Baum, who also rejected the NHLs bid. Balsilles bid was rejected with prejudice, preventing him from making another bid for the Coyotes, Balsillie did not appeal the ruling. Jim Balsillie is a philanthropist who supports numerous local and national initiatives, in recent years Balsillie has made a number of donations across Canada and abroad anonymously. Responding to the settlement by RIM against NTP, Inc, Balsillie listed several flaws with the U. S. patent system, particularly that too many bogus patents are issued. He also stated that the judge in the case ignored later findings by the U. S, on March 5,2007, Balsillie resigned his role as chairman of RIM as the firm reported over US$250 million in past stock option accounting errors after an extensive review. He retained his roles as executive and director
35.
Bon Cop, Bad Cop
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Bon Cop, Bad Cop is a 2006 Canadian dark comedy-thriller buddy cop film about an Ontarian and a Québecois police officers who reluctantly join forces to solve the murder. The dialogue is a mixture of English and French, the title is a translation word play on the phrase Good cop/bad cop. A sequel, Bon Cop, Bad Cop 2, was filmed in 2016 and is slated for release in 2017, when a body is found hanging on top of the sign demarcating the Ontario-Quebec border, police officers from both Canadian provinces must join forces to solve the murder. David Bouchard is a rule-bending, francophone detective for the Sûreté du Québec, the bilingual detectives must resolve their professional and cultural differences as well as their bigotry and prejudices. The body is identified as Benoit Brisset, a hockey executive, the clues lead the pair to Luc Therrien at a roadside bar. After a fight in the bar, they imprison him in the trunk of Bouchards car, Bouchard has promised to watch his daughters ballet recital, so he drives to the recital and parks the car in front with Therrien still locked in the trunk. When they emerge, they find the car being towed from the zone, and as they try to chase down the truck driver. With their prime witness dead, they decide to search Therriens house where they find a large marijuana grow-op in the basement and they also discover another body, a former hockey team owner. A laser tripwire is activated by Bouchard, which sets the house on fire, destroying the house, when they are disciplined by Bouchards police chief shortly afterwards, he angrily removes them from the case after they start laughing hysterically because theyre still high. The next victim is discovered in Toronto and they realize that the killer has a pattern of tattooing his victims, with each tattoo providing a clue to the next murder victim. Each murder is in some way connected to major league hockey, the pair anticipate the next victim, but he goes missing before they reach him. Ward and Bouchard appear on a hockey broadcast to warn people in the community to be vigilant. The Tattoo Killer calls in to the show and threatens the two officers, causing a brawl between them and the anchor when they attempt to hang up. Ward is attacked in his home by a masked assailant whom he discovers is Therrien, meanwhile, Bouchard has sex with Wards sister. The Tattoo Killer kidnaps Bouchards daughter, leading to the confrontation with the two policemen. They try to reason with him that hockey is just a game, Ward distracts the man while Bouchard unties his daughter. After a fight, the killer is blown up by one of his own explosives, during the credits, a news report is shown, revealing that the hockey teams will not be moved. Patrick Huard – David Bouchard Colm Feore – Martin Ward Lucie Laurier – Suzie Sylvain Marcel – Luc Therrien Pierre Lebeau – Capt. Leboeuf Ron Lea – Capt
36.
Calgary Flames
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The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the club is the third major-professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary, following the Calgary Tigers and Calgary Cowboys. The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta, the other is the Edmonton Oilers, the cities proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta. The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980, the Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena, the Scotiabank Saddledome, in 1983. In 1985–86, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923–24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup, in 1988–89, the Flames won their first and only championship. The Flames unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile, the Flames have won two Presidents Trophies as the leagues top regular season team, and have claimed five division championships. Individually, Jarome Iginla is the leader in games played, goals, and points. Miikka Kiprusoff has the most wins by a goaltender in a Calgary Flames uniform, nine people associated with the Flames have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Off the ice, the Flames own a Western Hockey League franchise, a National Lacrosse League franchise and they also lend their name to a bar and entertainment centre called Flames Central on Stephen Avenue in Downtown Calgary. Through the Flames Foundation, the team has donated more than $32 million to charity throughout southern Alberta since the franchise arrived, the Flames were the result of the NHLs first pre-emptive strike against the upstart World Hockey Association. In December 1971, the NHL hastily granted a team to Long Island—the New York Islanders —to keep the WHAs New York Raiders out of the brand new Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. Cousins named the team the Flames after the fire resulting from the March to the Sea in the American Civil War by General William Tecumseh Sherman and they played home games in the Omni Coliseum in downtown Atlanta. The Flames were relatively early on. Under head coaches Bernie Boom Boom Geoffrion, Fred Creighton and Al MacNeil, in marked contrast, their expansion cousins, the Islanders, won only 31 games during their first two years in the league combined. This relative success did not carry over to the playoffs, however, despite the on-ice success, the Atlanta ownership was never on sound financial footing. Longtime general manager Cliff Fletcher said years later that Cousins initial financial projections for an NHL team did not account for the WHA entering the picture, the Flames were also a poor draw, and never signed a major television contract. In 1980, Cousins was in financial difficulty and was forced to sell the Flames to stave off bankruptcy. With few serious offers from local groups, he was receptive to an offer from Canadian entrepreneur Nelson Skalbania
37.
Edmonton Oilers
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The Edmonton Oilers are a professional ice hockey team based in Edmonton, Alberta. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the Oilers were founded on November 1,1971, with the team playing its first season in 1972, as one of the twelve founding franchises of the major professional World Hockey Association. They were originally intended to be one of two WHA teams in Alberta, however, when the Broncos relocated to Cleveland, Ohio, before the WHAs first season began, the Oilers were renamed the Alberta Oilers. They returned to using the Edmonton Oilers name for the following year, the Oilers subsequently joined the NHL in 1979 as one of four franchises introduced through the NHL merger with the WHA. After joining the NHL, the Oilers went on to win the Stanley Cup on five occasions, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88 and 1989–90. This remains the most championships won by any team since the NHL-WHA merger, among all NHL teams, only the Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times since the Leagues 1967 expansion. For their success in the 1980s, the Oilers team of this era has been honoured with dynasty status by the Hockey Hall of Fame, on November 1,1971, the Edmonton Oilers became one of the 12 founding WHA franchises. The original team owner was Bill Hunter, Hunter owned the Edmonton Oil Kings, a junior hockey franchise. He also founded the Canadian Major Junior Hockey League, hunters efforts to bring major professional hockey to Edmonton via an expansion NHL franchise had been rebuffed by the NHL. So, he looked to the upstart WHA instead and it was Hunter who chose the Oilers name for the new WHA franchise. This was a name that had previously used as a nickname for the Edmonton Oil Kings in the 1950s and 1960s. They won the first game in WHA history 7–4 over the Ottawa Nationals, the Oilers drew fans with players such as defenceman and team captain Al Hamilton, goaltender Dave Dryden and forwards Blair MacDonald and Bill Flett. However, a relatively little-noticed move in 1976 would have an important impact on the history of the franchise and that year, journeyman forward Glen Sather was acquired by the Oilers. It turned out to be his final season as a player, however, he was named player-coach late in the season, moving to the bench full-time after the season. Sather would be the coach or general manager of the Oilers for the next 23 years, although the Oilers on-ice performance for most of the WHAs history was mediocre, they remained relatively well-supported and financially stable by WHA standards. In 1976, the franchise was acquired by wealthy entrepreneur Peter Pocklington, Gretzkys first and only WHA season, 1978–79, saw the Oilers finish first in the WHA standings, posting a league-best 48–30–2 record. However, Edmonton failed to win the championship, as they fell to the Winnipeg Jets in the Avco World Trophy Final, Dave Semenko of the Oilers scored the last goal in WHA history in the third period of the final game, which the Oilers lost 7–3. The Oilers joined the NHL for 1979–80, along with fellow WHA teams Hartford Whalers, Quebec Nordiques, originally, Gretzky was not eligible to be protected, under the rules of the time, he normally would have been placed in the Entry Draft pool
38.
Ottawa Senators
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The Ottawa Senators are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Senators play their home games at the 18,694 seat Canadian Tire Centre which opened in 1996. Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone, the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name. The original Ottawa Senators, founded in 1883, had a history, winning 11 Stanley Cups. On December 6,1990, after a public campaign by Firestone, the NHL awarded a new franchise. The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk, and in 2016, the club has been regularly represented in the top half in attendance in the NHL. Ottawa had been home to the original Senators, a founding NHL franchise, the NHL team was unsuccessful in St. Louis, and planned to return to Ottawa, but the NHL decided instead to suspend the franchise and transfer the players to other NHL teams. His firm, Terrace Investments, did not have the assets to finance the expansion fee and the team. Public support was high and the group would secure over 11,000 season ticket pledges, on December 12,1990, the NHL approved a new franchise for Firestones group, to start play in the 1992–93 season. The new team hired former NHL player Mel Bridgman, who had no previous NHL management experience, when Sutter was eventually signed to coach the Boston Bruins, Ottawa signed Rick Bowness, the man Sutter replaced in Boston. The new Senators played their first game on October 8,1992, the Senators defeated the Canadiens 5–3 in one of the few highlights that season. The Senators had aimed low and considered the 1992–93 season a small success, the long term plan was to finish low in the standings for its first few years in order to secure high draft picks and eventually contend for the Stanley Cup. Bridgman was fired after one season and Team President Randy Sexton took over the general manager duties, Firestone himself soon left the team and Rod Bryden emerged as the new owner. The strategy of aiming low and securing a high position did not change. The Senators finished last overall for the three seasons. Alexei Yashin, the teams first-ever draft selection from 1992, emerged as one of the NHLs brightest young stars, as the 1995–96 season began, star centre Alexei Yashin refused to honour his contract and did not play. Rick Bowness was fired in late 1995 and was replaced by the Prince Edward Island Senators head coach Dave Allison, Allison would fare no better than his predecessor, and the team would stumble to a 2–22–3 record under him. Sexton himself was fired and replaced by Pierre Gauthier, the former assistant GM of Anaheim, Martin outlasted several general managers and a change in ownership
39.
Vancouver Canucks
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The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena, formerly known as General Motors Place, which has an official capacity of 18,860. Henrik Sedin is currently the captain of the team, Willie Desjardins is the head coach, the Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres. In its NHL history, the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times, losing to the New York Islanders in 1982, the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011. They have won the Presidents Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the leagues best regular season record in the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. They won three titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993, and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013. The Canucks have retired four players jerseys in their history — Stan Smyl, Trevor Linden, Markus Naslund and Pavel Bure, all but Bure have served as team captain. To accommodate the Millionaires, the Patrick brothers directed the building of the Denman Arena, the Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophys history, after the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably the present-day Canucks minor league predecessor played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League, with the intention of attracting an NHL franchise, Vancouver began the construction of a new modern arena, the Pacific Coliseum, in 1967. The WHLs Canucks were playing in an arena at the time. Bid leader Cyrus McLean called the denial a deal, referring to several biases that factored against them. Additionally, along with the Montreal Canadiens, Smythe purportedly did not wish to split Canadian Broadcasting Corporation hockey revenues three ways rather than two. There were reports at the time, however, that the group had made a very weak proposal in expectation that Vancouver was a lock for one of the new franchises, less than a year later, the Oakland Seals were in financial difficulty and having trouble drawing fans. An apparent deal was in place to move the team to Vancouver, in exchange for avoiding a lawsuit, the NHL promised Vancouver would get a team in the next expansion. Another group, headed by Minnesota entrepreneur Tom Scallen, made a new presentation and was awarded a franchise for the price of $6 million. The new ownership group purchased the WHL Canucks, and brought the team into the league with the Buffalo Sabres as expansion teams for the 1970–71 season, in preparation for joining the NHL, the WHL Canucks had brought in players with prior NHL experience. Six of these players would remain with the club for its inaugural NHL season, the rest of the roster was built through an expansion draft
40.
Phoenix Coyotes bankruptcy and sale
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Bankruptcy court rejected a plan to sell the team and move it to Canada, and the team was purchased by the NHL. The NHL operated the team in Phoenix for four seasons while seeking a new owner, after several prospective purchases fell through, the team was finally sold in the summer of 2013. In December 2008, the media became aware that the Phoenix Coyotes were losing money at a rate and were being funded by the NHL directly. The media reports were minimized by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman and Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly, in May 2009, the owner of the team, Jerry Moyes, put the team into bankruptcy hours before receiving Bettman, who was to present a potential offer to purchase. From May 2009 until September 2009, hearings were held in Phoenix bankruptcy court to determine the fate of the Coyotes and the holding company. Two potential bidders for the team surfaced—Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf and Ice Edge Holdings, instead, the NHL put in the only rival bid to Balsillie for the team, while they fought Moyes plan to sell the team and move it to Hamilton against the NHL rules. Ultimately, the Phoenix court ruled that the team could not be sold to Balsillie, the NHLs original bid was also insufficient for the bankruptcy judge, since it did not treat Moyes and Gretzky as full creditors. Later, the NHL settled with Moyes with the buying the team. After the sale, the NHL negotiated a lease with the City of Glendale, Arizona. The NHL then proceeded to work with the two bidders, Reinsdorf and Ice Edge, to work out a deal with Glendale. Ice Edge signed a letter of intent to buy the team from the NHL, by the end of summer 2010, both bidders had failed to complete a purchase and dropped out. The NHL, which had threatened to move the team to Winnipeg for the 2010–11 season, agreed to keep the team in Glendale for the season, after Glendale agreed to fund its losses. The NHL publicly announced a deadline of December 31,2010, for any purchase to keep the team in Phoenix, after which it might make plans to move the team. In December 2010, Chicago-based investor Matthew Hulsizer, along with investors, was approved by the NHL to purchase the team. A deal was reached between Glendale and Hulsizer that involved the sale of bonds by the city to pay Hulsizer over $100 million against future parking revenues at the arena. The Goldwater Institute, a tank and litigation center, announced that it would challenge the lease agreement in court. The threat led to the failure of the bond sale, Hulsizer abandoned his bid for the Coyotes on June 27,2011. For the 2011–12 season, Glendale set aside $25 million to ensure that the Coyotes would stay in Glendale for another season, in August 2011, a group headed by former San Jose Sharks CEO Greg Jamison was identified as a potential purchaser
41.
Winnipeg Jets
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The Winnipeg Jets are a professional ice hockey team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the team is owned by True North Sports & Entertainment and plays its home games at the MTS Centre. The Jets began play as the Atlanta Thrashers in the 1999–2000 NHL season, True North Sports & Entertainment then bought the team in May 2011 and relocated the franchise from Atlanta, Georgia to Winnipeg prior to the 2011–12 season. The team was renamed the Jets after Winnipegs original WHA/NHL team, on December 27,1971, Winnipeg was granted one of the founding franchises in the World Hockey Association. Team owner Barry Shenkarow sold the team to American businessmen Steven Gluckstern, the Winnipeg Jets played their last game on April 28,1996. The city of Atlanta was awarded an NHL expansion franchise, named the Atlanta Thrashers and it was the second NHL franchise for Atlanta. The Thrashers began play in the 1999–2000 season, in their 12 years, the Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once, during the 2006–07 season, and never won a playoff game. Partially due to their lack of success, the team had difficulty drawing fans to attend their games over their final seasons. Although they had moved for financial reasons, the Coyotes have never been profitable in Arizona, mounting losses eventually compelled the franchise to file for bankruptcy after the 2008-09 season. The team was taken over by the league before the season began. TNSE submitted series of bids for the Phoenix Coyotes, which were taken seriously enough that the league drew up tentative schedule with Winnipeg in place of Phoenix, the NHL only shelved the bid after the securing a large subsidy from the Coyotes municipal government. The reported purchase price was $170 million, with $60 million going to the NHL as a relocation fee, after the sale announcement, True North made preparations to move the Moose franchise to St. Johns, Newfoundland and Labrador. Season ticket sales began June 1,2011, with Manitoba Moose season ticket holders having priority, the team sought to sell 13,000 season tickets in an effort to prove its viability. Within the first three-and-a-half hours, the new franchise sold 1,870 packages to Moose season ticket holders, season tickets opened to the general public on June 4 and sold out in just 17 minutes. Once the Drive to 13,000 was completed, True North started a season ticket waiting list, which was shut down after 8,000 people had signed up in two hours. In July 2011, tickets for October 9 home opener against the Montreal Canadiens were listed for a price of $1,711 on Stubhub. True North stated that the announcement of the name would not be made until after the successful completion of the season ticket drive at the absolute earliest. Whiteout and Falcons were also considered for the name, although Falcons was quickly rejected out of respect for Atlanta
42.
Detroit Red Wings
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The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and are one of the Original Six teams of the league, founded in 1926, the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930. For the 1930–31 and 1931–32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons, between the 1933–34 and 1965–66 seasons, the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times. Between the 1966–67 and 1990–91 seasons, the Red Wings made the only eight times in 25 seasons. During the last 11 years of this stretch, only five of the Leagues 21 teams did not make the post-season and this rough period for the team provoked the nickname of the Dead Wings. Near the end of that 25-year period, however, the Red Wings advanced to the Conference Finals twice. They have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 32 seasons, including 25 in a row, during a subsequent meeting on May 15, the league approved a franchise to the Townsend-Seyburn group of Detroit and named Charles A. Hughes as governor. Frank and Lester Patrick, the owners of the WHL, made a deal to sell the players to the NHL. The new Detroit franchise purchased the players of the folded Victoria Cougars WHL club to play for the team, the new Detroit franchise also adopted the Cougars nickname in honor of the folded franchise. Since no arena in Detroit was ready at the time, the Cougars played their first season in Windsor, for the 1927–28 season, the Cougars moved into the new Detroit Olympia, which would be their home rink until December 27,1979. This was also the first season behind the bench for Jack Adams, the Cougars made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 1929 with Carson Cooper leading the team in scoring. The Cougars were outscored 7–2 in the series with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1930, the Cougars were renamed the Falcons, but their woes continued, as they finished near the bottom of the standings. In 1932, the NHL let grain merchant James E. Norris, Norris first act was to choose a new name for the team—the Red Wings. Earlier in the century, Norris had been a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the MAAAs teams were known by their club emblem and these Winged Wheelers were the first winners of the Stanley Cup in 1893. Norris decided that a version of their logo was perfect for a team playing in the Motor City, Norris also placed coach Jack Adams on a one-year probation for the 1932–33 NHL season. Adams managed to pass his probationary period by leading the franchise to first ever playoff series victory over the Montreal Maroons. Despite this success, the team lost in the semi-finals to the New York Rangers, in 1934 the Wings made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time, with John Sorrell scoring 21 goals over 47 games and Larry Aurie leading the team in scoring
43.
Las Vegas
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The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment and it is the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World and it is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world. Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the worlds most visited tourist destinations. The citys tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, it was the most populated American city founded within that century, population growth has accelerated since the 1960s, and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled, increasing by 85. 2%. Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century, and according to a 2013 estimate, perhaps the earliest visitors to the Las Vegas area were nomadic Paleo-Indians, who traveled there 10,000 years ago, leaving behind petroglyphs. Anasazi and Paiute tribes followed at least 2,000 years ago, a young Mexican scout named Rafael Rivera is credited as the first non-Native American to encounter the valley, in 1829. Trader Antonio Armijo led a 60-man party along the Spanish Trail to Los Angeles, the area was named Las Vegas, which is Spanish for the meadows, as it featured abundant wild grasses, as well as desert spring waters for westward travelers. The year 1844 marked the arrival of John C, frémont, whose writings helped lure pioneers to the area. Downtown Las Vegas Fremont Street is named after him, eleven years later members of the LDS Church chose Las Vegas as the site to build a fort halfway between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, where they would travel to gather supplies. The fort was abandoned several years afterward, the remainder of this Old Mormon Fort can still be seen at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Washington Avenue. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when 110 acres of adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city,1931 was a pivotal year for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks and this year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. The construction work was completed in 1935, in 1941, the Las Vegas Army Air Corps Gunnery School was established. Currently known as Nellis Air Force Base, it is home to the team called the Thunderbirds
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