1.
Orlando, Florida
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Orlando is a city in the U. S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County. Located in Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 4,000,002, according to U. S. As of 2015, Orlando had an estimated population of 270,934, making it the 73rd-largest city in the United States, the fourth-largest city in Florida. The City of Orlando is nicknamed The City Beautiful, and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola, Orlando is also known as The Theme Park Capital of the World and in 2014 its tourist attractions and events drew more than 62 million visitors. The Orlando International Airport is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States, with the exception of Walt Disney World, most major attractions are located along International Drive. The city is one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions. Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida, which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015, in 2010, Orlando was listed as a Gamma− level of world-city in the World Cities Study Groups inventory. Orlando ranks as the fourth-most popular American city based on where people want to live according to a 2009 Pew Research Center study. Fort Gatlin, as the Orlando area was known, was established at what is now just south of the city limits by the 4th U. S. Artillery under the command of Ltc, alexander C. W. Fanning on November 9,1838 during the construction of a series of fortified encampments across Florida during the Second Seminole War. The fort and surrounding area were named for Dr. John S. Gatlin, king Phillip and Coacoochee frequented this area and the tree was alleged to be the place where the previous 1835 ambush that had killed over 100 soldiers had been planned. When the U. S. military abandoned the fort in 1839 the surrounding community was built up by settlers, prior to being known by its current name, Orlando was once known as Jernigan. Aarron Jernigan became Orange Countys first State Representative in 1845 but his pleas for military protection went unanswered. Fort Gatlin was briefly reoccupied by the military for a few weeks during October and November 1849, a historical marker indicates that by 1850 the Jernigan homestead served as the nucleus of a village named Jernigan. One of the countys first records, a grand jurys report, mentions a stockade where it states homesteaders were driven from their homes, Aaron Jernigan led a local volunteer militia during 1852. Jernigan appears on an 1855 map of Florida and by 1856 the area had become the county seat of Orange County and it is known for certain that the area was renamed Orlando in 1857. The move is believed to be sparked, in part, by Aaron Jernigans fall from grace after he was relieved of his command by military officials in 1856. His behavior was so notorious that Secretary of War Jefferson Davis wrote, in 1859, Jernigan and his sons were accused of committing a murder at the towns post office
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Lynx (Orlando)
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Bus routes are referred to as Links. The standard adult fare is $2 with free single transfers valid for 90 minutes. All Lynx buses, except the Lymmo, have bike racks for use at no extra charge. Bus stop signs are designed with a paw in place of the traditional bus stop signs. Also, the numbers are usually attached to the bus stop signs. The budget for fiscal year 2013 that began on October 1,2012, the FY2014 budget that began October 1,2013 is $127,867,296. The Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority was formed in May 1972 under the name Orange-Seminole-Osceola Transportation Authority, the bus service was originally named Tri-County Transit, or TCT for short. The authority changed its name in 1994 via a naming contest. The agency opened Lynx Central Station or LCS in November 2004 and a new operations center called Lynx Operations Center or LOC in 2007. Lynx also opened through a partnership with the city of Kissimmee the Osceola Satellite Facility or OSF to operate their Kissimmee routes Link 10,18,26,55,56,57,108,306,416,426 and 427. The only Kissimmee route that does not operate from OSF is FastLink 441 which is run out of LOC. Lynx changed, added, and eliminated routes and schedules several times throughout its history
4.
Amusement park
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An amusement park or theme park is a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people. Theme parks, a type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks. Amusement parks evolved from European fairs and pleasure gardens, which were created for peoples recreation, Worlds fairs and expositions were another influence on the development of the amusement park industry. In common language, the theme park and amusement park are often synonymous. However, a park can be regarded as a distinct style of amusement park. A theme park has landscaping, buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. The amusement park evolved from three earlier traditions, the oldest being the periodic fair of the Middle Ages - one of the earliest was the Bartholomew Fair in England, the worlds oldest amusement park appeared in the Continent. Bakken at Klampenborg, north of Copenhagen, Denmark, opened in 1583, a wave of innovation in the 1860s and 1870s created mechanical rides, such as the steam-powered carousel, and its derivatives. This inaugurated the era of the modern funfair ride, as the classes were increasingly able to spend their surplus wages on entertainment. The second influence was the pleasure garden, one of the earliest gardens was the Vauxhall Gardens, founded in 1661 in London. By the late 18th century, the site had a fee for its many attractions. It regularly drew crowds, with its paths being noted for romantic assignations, tightrope walkers, hot air balloon ascents, concerts. Although the gardens were designed for the elites, they soon became places of great social diversity. Public firework displays were put on at Marylebone Gardens, and Cremorne Gardens offered music, dancing, prater in Vienna, Austria, was opened in 1766. The concept of a park for amusement was further developed with the beginning of the worlds fairs. The first World fair began in 1851 with the construction of the landmark Crystal Palace in London, the purpose of the exposition was to celebrate the industrial achievement of the nations of the world and it was designed to educate and entertain the visitors. American cities and business saw the worlds fair as a way of demonstrating economic. The Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, Illinois was an precursor to the modern amusement park
5.
Nature reserve
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Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws, early reservations often had a religious underpinning, such as the evil forest areas of West Africa which were forbidden to humans, who were threatened with spiritual attack if they went there. Sacred areas taboo from human entry to fishing and hunting are known by ancient cultures worldwide. The worlds first modern nature reserve was established in 1821 by the naturalist and explorer Charles Waterton around his estate in Walton Hall and he spent £9000 on the construction of a 3 mile long,9 ft tall wall to enclose his park from poachers. He tried to encourage birdlife by planting trees and hollowing out trunks for owls to nest in and he also invented artificial nest boxes to house starlings, jackdaws and sand martins and unsuccessfully attempted to introduce little owls from Italy. Drachenfels was protected as the first state-designated nature reserve in modern-day Germany, in Australia, a nature reserve is the title of a type of protected area used in the jurisdictions of the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Western Australia. The term “nature reserve” is defined in the relevant statutes used in those states and territories rather than by a national statute. As of 2014,1767 out of a total of 10339 protected areas listed within the Australian National Reserve System used the term “nature reserve in their names, in Brazil, nature reserves are classified as ecological stations or biological reserves by the National System of Conservation Units. Their main objectives are preserving fauna and flora and other natural attributes, visits are allowed only with permission, and only for educational or scientific purposes. Changes to the ecosystems in both types of reserve are allowed to restore and preserve the balance, biological diversity. Ecological stations are allowed to change the environment within strictly defined limits for the purpose of scientific research. A wildlife reserve in Brazil is also protected, and hunting is not allowed, there are 30 nature reserves in Egypt which cover 12% of Egyptian land. Those nature reserves were built according to the laws no, 102/1983 and 4/1994 for protection of the Egyptian nature reserve. Egypt announced a plan from to build 40 nature reserves from 1997 to 2017, to protect the natural resources. The largest nature reserve in Egypt is Gebel Elba in the southeast, denmark has three national parks and several nature reserves, some of them inside the national park areas. The largest single reserve is Hanstholm Nature Reserve, which covers 40 km2 and is part of Thy National Park, in Sweden there are 29 national parks. The first of them were established in 1909, in fact, Sweden was the first European country that established 9 national parks. There are almost 4,000 nature reserves in Sweden and they comprise about 85% of the surface that is protected by the Swedish Enironmental Code
6.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
7.
U.S. Route 441 in Florida
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U. S. Route 441 in Florida is a north–south United States Highway. It runs 433 miles from Miami in South Florida northwest to the Georgia border north of the Lake City area, State Road 80 from SR7 in Royal Palm Beach to Main Street in Belle Glade. State Road 15 from Hooker Highway in Belle Glade to Narcoosee Road in St. Cloud, State Road 500 from the intersection with Irlo Bronson Memorial Highway in Holopaw to Bonnie Heath Boulevard in Ocala. State Road 25A from US 41/US441 Truck to CR 25A north in Five Points, State Road 47 from Duval Street in Lake City to Georgia State Route 89 at the Georgia state line. US441 begins northbound at Southwest 7th Street, which is westbound U. S. Route 41, and ends southbound on Southwest 8th Street, however, the route is soon joined by the tolled Floridas Turnpike and I-95, which follows US441 north to Royal Palm Beach. In between, the interchanges with the Turnpike at exit 62 via State Road 870 in Tamarac. Additionally, US441 meets Interstate 595 west of Fort Lauderdale, at Royal Palm Beach, US441 intersects U. S. Route 98, ending the concurrency with SR7, and overlaps the highway through central Palm Beach County, along with hidden State Road 80. Near Twenty Mile Bend SR700 branches off to the northwest, routes 98 and 441 split until 2007. Just north of Pahokee in Canal Point, SR700 rejoins US 98-441, north of Lake Okeechobee in Okeechobee, US98 splits away from US441 making a left turn at State Road 70, shortly afterwards the Okeechobee Amtrak station can be found. US441 continues north, meeting the Turnpike at Yeehaw Junction in Osceola County and it passes through the community of Kenansville prior to intersecting U. S. Route 192 at Holopaw. US441 turns west onto US192, forming an overlap into Kissimmee, at Kissimmee US441 separates from US192 and joins US 17/92, here known as the Orange Blossom Trail or OBT. The OBT starts on US 17/92 at the Polk County/Osceola County line a few south of Kissimmee. Immediately after entering Orange County, it intersects the Central Florida GreeneWay, just north of the intersection the Central Florida Parkway leads to Sea World. In Holden Heights, US441 has an interchange with I-4, the interchange provides no south to east access and no west to north access, but such access can found from the intersection with West Michigan Street. Further north is the interchange with SR408 at exit 9, here, US 17/92 turns east onto State Road 50 while US441 continues north on the Orange Blossom Trail. The road moves away from the line north of SR423. This road was intended to be part of the Central Florida GreeneWay loop around the Orlando Metropolitan Area, at the junction with County Road Old 441, US441 finally loses its designation as the Orange Blossom Trail, then crosses the Orange-Lake County Line and enters Mount Dora. Continuing with the surroundings, US441 maintains its straight north and south position until it curves to the northwest between Lincoln and East Pine Avenues
8.
Alligator
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An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. The two living species are the American alligator and the Chinese alligator, in addition, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the Paleocene epoch about 37 million years ago, the name alligator is probably an anglicized form of el lagarto, the Spanish term for the lizard, which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator. Later English spellings of the name included allagarta and alagarto, an average adult American alligators weight and length is 360 kg and 4.0 m, but they sometimes grow to 4.4 m long and weigh over 450 kg. The largest ever recorded, found in Louisiana, measured 5.84 m, the Chinese alligator is smaller, rarely exceeding 2.1 m in length. In addition, it considerably less, with males rarely over 45 kg. Adult alligators are black or dark olive-brown with white undersides, while juveniles have strongly contrasting white or yellow marks which fade with age, no average lifespan for an alligator has been measured. In 1937, a specimen was brought to the Belgrade Zoo in Serbia from Germany. It is now at least 80 years old, although no valid records exist about its date of birth, this alligator, officially named Muja, is considered the oldest alligator living in captivity. Alligators are native only to the United States and China, according to the 2005 Scholastic Book of World Records, Louisiana has the largest alligator population. The majority of American alligators inhabit Florida and Louisiana, with over a million alligators in each state, southern Florida is the only place where both alligators and crocodiles live side by side. American alligators live in environments, such as ponds, marshes, wetlands, rivers, lakes. When they construct alligator holes in the wetlands, they increase plant diversity and they are, therefore, considered an important species for maintaining ecological diversity in wetlands. Further west, in Louisiana, heavy grazing by coypu and muskrat are causing damage to coastal wetlands. Large alligators feed extensively on coypu, and provide a vital ecological service by reducing coypu numbers. The Chinese alligator currently is only in the Yangtze River valley and parts of adjacent provinces and is extremely endangered. Indeed, far more Chinese alligators live in zoos around the world than can be found in the wild, rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southern Louisiana has several in captivity in an attempt to preserve the species. Miami MetroZoo in Florida also has a pair of Chinese alligators
9.
Crocodile
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Crocodiles or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. Crocodylinae, all of whose members are considered true crocodiles, is classified as a biological subfamily, a broader sense of the term crocodile, Crocodylidae that includes Tomistoma, is not used in this article. The term crocodile here applies only to the species within the subfamily of Crocodylinae, although they appear to be similar to the untrained eye, crocodiles, alligators and the gharial belong to separate biological families. The gharial having a narrow snout is easier to distinguish, while morphological differences are more difficult to spot in crocodiles and alligators. The most obvious differences are visible in the head with crocodiles having narrower and longer heads, with a more V-shaped than a U-shaped snout compared to alligators. Also, when the mouth is closed, the large fourth tooth in the lower jaw fits into a constriction in the upper jaw. For hard-to-distinguish specimens, the tooth is the most reliable feature to define the family that the species belongs to. Crocodiles have more webbing on the toes of the feet and can better tolerate saltwater due to specialized salt glands for filtering out salt. Another trait that separates crocodiles from other crocodilians is their higher levels of aggression. Crocodile size, morphology, behaviour and ecology somewhat differs between species, however, they have many similarities in these areas as well. All crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater such as rivers, lakes, wetlands. They are carnivorous animals, feeding mostly on such as fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. All crocodiles are tropical species that, unlike alligators, are sensitive to cold. They separated from other crocodilians during the Eocene epoch, about 55 million years ago, many species are at the risk of extinction, some being classified as critically endangered. The word crocodile comes from the Ancient Greek κροκόδιλος, lizard, used in the phrase ho krokódilos tou potamoú, there are several variant Greek forms of the word attested, including the later form κροκόδειλος found cited in many English reference works. In the Koine Greek of Roman times, crocodilos and crocodeilos would have been pronounced identically, crocodilos or crocodeilos is a compound of krokè, and drilos/dreilos, although drilos is only attested as a colloquial term for penis. It is ascribed to Herodotus, and supposedly describes the habits of the Egyptian crocodile. The form crocodrillus is attested in Medieval Latin and it is not clear whether this is a medieval corruption or derives from alternative Greco-Latin forms
10.
Aviary
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An aviary is a large enclosure for confining birds. Unlike cages, aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly, hence, aviaries often contain plants and shrubbery to simulate a natural environment. Large aviaries are often found in the setting of a zoological garden, spacious walk-in aviaries also exist in bird parks such as Jurong BirdPark in Singapore. Pittsburgh is home to the USAs National Aviary, perhaps the most prominent example in North America of an aviary not set inside a zoo, the Tracy Aviary is an example of a bird park within a public urban park, Liberty Park in Salt Lake City, Utah. Some public aquaria, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport, Oregon, also the Raven Cage in 1829, is regarded as one of the oldest structures in the London Zoo. The first large aviary inside a garden was established in 1880 in the setting of the [[Diergaarde Blijdorp|Rotterdam Zoo by white girl isabella fields. In 1902, a cage was completed in the setting of the National Zoological Park of the Smithsonian Institution. A new Great Flying Cage was built in 1964, the Saint Louis Zoo is home to the 1904 Worlds Fair Flight Cage. It is one of two permanent structures built for the Worlds Fair which still remain. In 1904, it was the largest bird cage ever built and it remains one of the worlds largest free-flight aviaries. The 69 m long,26 m wide, and 15 m high cage was built by the Smithsonian Institution specifically for the St. Louis Worlds Fair, local pride in the giant cage motivated St. Louis to finally establish a zoo in 1910. In 1937, the San Diego Zoos aviary designed by architect Louis John Gill opened, with the Antwerp cage system, birds are only separate from public with a light system used indoor the Bird Building at Antwerp Zoo. At the Frankfurt Zoo, the house was built in 1969. Its Bird Halls presented birds for the first time in large glassed miniature habitats, in diving exhibits, darters and kingfishers could be seen hunting under water, and in the free-flight hall visitors still walk amongst tropical birds in dense vegetation. The Snowdon Aviary in London Zoo was designed by Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, Cedric Price and Frank Newby, the Bronx Zoos World of Birds, a two-story bird house completed in 1972, is a huge, landscaped, indoor free-flight exhibit. The one-way flow pattern in the moves the visitors through twenty-five birds habitats. Each setting recreates with impressive fidelity the microculture of the birds that fly merrily about within their diorama world, five of the aviaries are completely open, in two of the largest the uncaged public walks through the habitat with birds freely overhead. The Henry Doorly Zoos Simmons Aviary opened in 1983 and is one of the worlds largest free-flight aviaries, about 500 birds from all parts of the world occupy the area of the aviary
11.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the installment in the Indiana Jones franchise and a sequel to the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark. Executive producer and co-writer George Lucas decided to make the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again, after three rejected plot devices, Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the films final storyline. The film was released to success but mixed reviews, which criticized its violence. However, critical opinion has improved since 1984, citing the films intensity, some of the films cast and crew, including Spielberg, retrospectively view the film in a negative light, partly due to the film being the darkest and most overtly violent Indiana Jones film. The film has also been the subject of controversy due to its portrayal of India, in 1935, Indiana Jones narrowly escapes the clutches of Lao Che, a crime boss in Shanghai, China. With his 11-year-old Chinese sidekick Short Round and the nightclub singer Willie Scott in tow, Indy flees Shanghai on an airplane that, unknown to them, is owned by Lao. While the three of sleep on the plane, the pilots parachute out, and they leave the plane to crash over the Himalayas while dumping its fuel. Indy, Shorty, and Willie discover this and narrowly manage to escape by jumping out of the plane on an inflatable raft, during the journey to Pankot, Indy hypothesizes that the stone may be one of the five fabled Sankara stones that promise fortune and glory. The trio receive a welcome from the Prime Minister of Pankot Palace. The visitors are allowed to stay the night as guests, during which they attend a lavish but grotesque banquet given by the young prince Maharaja, Chattar Lal rebuffs Indys questions about the villagers claims and his theory that the ancient Thuggee cult is responsible for their troubles. Later that night, Indy is attacked by an assassin, leading Indy, Willie and they discover a series of tunnels hidden behind a statue in Willies room and set out to explore them, overcoming a number of booby-traps along the way. The trio eventually reach a temple where the Thugs worship Kali with human sacrifice. They watch as the Thugs chain one of their victims in a cage and slowly lower him into a fire pit. They discover that the Thugs, led by their high priest Mola Ram, are in possession of three of the five Sankara stones, and have enslaved the children to mine for the two stones. As Indy tries to retrieve the stones, he, Willie, Indy is whipped and forced to drink a potion called the Blood of Kali, which places him in a trance-like state where he begins to mindlessly serve the Thugs. Willie, meanwhile, is kept as a sacrifice, while Shorty is put to work in the mines alongside the enslaved children. Shorty breaks free and escapes back into the temple where he burns Indy with a torch, after defeating Chattar Lal, Indy stops Willies cage and cranks it out of the pit just in time before it has a chance to enter the fire
12.
Pythonidae
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The Pythonidae, commonly known simply as pythons, from the Greek word python, are a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Among its members are some of the largest snakes in the world, eight genera and 31 species are currently recognized. Pythons are found in sub-Saharan Africa, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, southern China, Southeast Asia, and from the Philippines southeast through Indonesia to New Guinea and Australia. In the United States, a population of Burmese pythons. Many species have been hunted aggressively, which has decimated some, most members of this family are ambush predators, in that they typically remain motionless in a camouflaged position, and then strike suddenly at passing prey. They will generally not attack humans unless startled or provoked, although females protecting their eggs can be aggressive, reports of attacks on human beings were once more common in South and Southeast Asia, but are now quite rare. In 2017, there was a case of a human devoured by a python in Sulawesi. All prey is swallowed whole, and may take days or even weeks to fully digest. All snakes, including pythons, are descended from a venomous ancestor and this sets them apart from the family Boidae, most of which bear live young. After they lay their eggs, females typically incubate them until they hatch and this is achieved by causing the muscles to shiver, which raises the temperature of the body to a certain degree, and thus that of the eggs. Keeping the eggs at a constant temperature is essential for healthy embryo development, during the incubation period, females will not eat and only leave to bask to raise their body temperature. Most species in this family are available in the pet trade. However, caution must be exercised with the species, as they can be dangerous. *) Not including the nominate subspecies. T) Type genus, pythons are more closely related to boas than to any other snake family. Boulenger considered this group to be a subfamily of the family Boidae, Pythonidae at the Reptarium. cz Reptile Database
13.
Gaylord Palms
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Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center is a hotel and convention center, opened in Kissimmee, Florida, on February 2,2002. It also acts as the de facto center for Osceola County, Florida. With 400,000 sq ft of meeting space, the Gaylord Palms has the second most meeting space of any hotel in the state of Florida. It also has a total of 1,406 guest rooms, Gaylord Palms is owned by Ryman Hospitality Properties, and operated by Marriott International. It is a hotel to the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center, Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center. Gaylord Palms was originally to be named Opryland Hotel Florida, however, when Gaylord Entertainment decided to re-brand their Opryland Hotels division to Gaylord Hotels on October 26,2001, the name Gaylord Palms was given to the Florida hotel. Gaylord Palms conducts Christmas programming with large-scale events like Best of Florida Christmas, Gaylord Hotels has a tentative plan to expand the Gaylord Palms. This expansion may include an additional atrium containing up to 500 more rooms, there will be an added entertainment center, along with two new restaurants as well. This project will include and additional 400,000 to 600,000 sq ft. of meeting/convention space and this planned expansion will also add at least one parking garage to the property. Gaylord Palms is a member of Great Hotels Of The World alliance, Gaylord Palms is built around a 4. 6-acre glass-covered atrium, divided into four areas, each with their own activities and guest rooms. St. Augustine has an old-world colonial Spanish theme based on North Americas oldest existing permanent settlement, key West is inspired by Mallory Square, the central area of the major Florida Keys port city. It has a 65-foot -long sailboat, which is designed around a restaurant called Moor. The Everglades is themed on the river of grass, in addition to Gaylord Hotels signature restaurant, Old Hickory Steakhouse, The Everglades boasts an award-winning 20, 000-ft² Relache Spa. Emerald Bay is dubbed a hotel within a hotel, as it has 15,344 sq ft of dedicated meeting space, several shops and boutiques can be found on the ground floor of this locale. The Gaylord Palms Convention Center has 400,000 sq ft of dedicated meeting space, more than half of that space is one large bay called the Florida Exhibition Hall, which has 210,300 sq ft including prefunction space. It also features a permanent 101- by 40 ft. performing stage with green rooms and dressing rooms connected to its Osceola Ballroom
14.
Kissimmee, Florida
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Kissimmee is a city in Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 59,682 and it is the county seat of Osceola County. Kissimmee is a Principal City of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area, the area was originally named Allendale, after Confederate Major J. H. Allen who operated the first cargo steamboat along the Kissimmee River – the Mary Belle. It was renamed Kissimmee when incorporated as a city in 1883, the etymology of the name Kissimmee is debated, apart from general agreement that it is Native American in origin. Its growth can be credited to Hamilton Disston of Philadelphia, who based his four-million acre drainage operation out of the small town, Disston had contracted with the financially wobbly state of Florida to drain its southern lands, for which he would own half of all he successfully drained. This deal made Disston the largest single landowner in the United States, disstons dredging and land speculation required a small steamboat industry to transport people and goods along the new waterway. The Kissimmee shipyard was responsible for building most of large steamships. Concurrently, the South Florida Railroad was growing and extended the end of its line from Sanford down to Kissimmee, on February 12,1885, the Florida Legislature incorporated the Kissimmee City Street Railway. But the heyday of Kissimmee was short-lived, expanding railroads began to challenge the steamships for carrying freight and passengers. By 1884, the South Florida Railroad, now part of the Plant System, had extended its tracks to Tampa, the Panic of 1893 was the worst depression the U. S. had experienced up to that time, crushing land speculation and unsound debt. Hamilton Disston closed his Kissimmee land operation, consecutive freezes in 1894 and 1895 wiped out the citrus industry. The freezes, combined with South Floridas growth and the relocation of operations to Lake Okeechobee. Kissimmee had a population of 4,310 in 1950, at that point there was some citrus packing as well as the ranching. Ranching remained an important part of the economy until the opening of nearby Walt Disney World in 1971. After that, tourism and development supplanted cattle ranching to a large measure, however, even though the Disney facility took over much of the open range cattle lands, cattle ranches still operate nearby, particularly in the southern part of Osceola County. Kissimmee Utility Authority restored power to 54 percent of the residents in the first 72 hours,85 percent were restored within one week, service was restored to all customers on August 28. Three weeks after Hurricane Charley, the area was struck by Hurricane Frances, Kissimmee is located at 28°18′14″N 81°24′46″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.32 square miles
15.
Leucism
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Leucism is a condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation in an animal resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes. Unlike albinism, it is caused by a reduction in types of pigment. Leucism is a term for the phenotype resulting from defects in pigment cell differentiation and/or migration from the neural crest to skin, hair. This results in either the surface or patches of body surface having a lack of cells capable of making pigment. Since all pigment cell-types differentiate from the same multipotent precursor cell-type and this is in contrast to albinism, for which leucism is often mistaken. Albinism results in the reduction of production only, though the melanocyte is still present. Thus in species that have other pigment cell-types, for example xanthophores, albinos are not entirely white and this is notable in horses, cows, cats, dogs, the urban crow and the ball python but is also found in many other species. A further difference between albinism and leucism is in eye colour, due to the lack of melanin production in both the retinal pigmented epithelium and iris, those affected by albinism typically have red eyes due to the underlying blood vessels showing through. In contrast, most leucistic animals have normally coloured eyes and this is because the melanocytes of the RPE are not derived from the neural crest, instead an outpouching of the neural tube generates the optic cup which, in turn, forms the retina. As these cells are from an independent developmental origin, they are unaffected by the genetic cause of leucism. Genes that, when mutated, can cause leucism include, c-kit, mitf, the terms leucistic and leucism are derived from medical terminology. The stem leuc- is the Latin variant of leuk- from the Greek leukos meaning white, albino and white squirrels Amelanism Dyschromia Erythrism Heterochromia iridum Melanism Piebaldism Vitiligo Xanthochromism
16.
Narrow-gauge railway
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A narrow-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge narrower than the 1,435 mm of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm and 1,067 mm, narrow-gauge railways also have specialized use in mines and other environments where a very small structure gauge makes a very small loading gauge necessary. Narrow-gauge railways also have general applications. Many narrow-gauge street tramways are used, particularly in Europe, where 1,000 mm metre gauge tramways are common, the earliest recorded railway is shown in the De re metallica of 1556, which shows a mine in Bohemia with a railway of about 2 ft gauge. During the 16th century, railways were mainly restricted to hand-pushed narrow-gauge lines in mines throughout Europe, during the 17th century, mine railways were extended to provide transportation above ground. These lines were industrial, connecting mines with nearby transportation points and these railways were usually built to the same narrow gauge as the mine railways from which they developed. The worlds first steam locomotive on rails, built in 1802 by Richard Trevithick for the Coalbrookdale Company, during the 1820s and 1830s, a number of industrial narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom used steam locomotives. In 1842, the first narrow-gauge steam locomotive outside the UK was built for the 1,100 mm gauge Antwerp-Ghent Railway in Belgium, historically, many narrow-gauge railways were built as part of specific industrial enterprises and were primarily industrial railways rather than general carriers. Some common uses for these industrial narrow-gauge railways were mining, logging, construction, tunnelling, quarrying, extensive narrow-gauge networks were constructed in many parts of the world for these purposes. For example, mountain logging operations in the 19th century often used narrow-gauge railways to transport logs from mill sites to market, significant sugarcane railways still operate in Cuba, Fiji, Java, the Philippines, and Queensland. Narrow-gauge railway equipment remains in use for the construction of tunnels. Extensive narrow-gauge railway systems served the front-line trenches of both sides in World War I and they were a short-lived military application, and after the end of the war, the surplus equipment from these created a small boom in narrow gauge railway building in Europe. Narrow-gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. It is also used in populated areas where the potential demand is too low for broader gauge railways to be economically viable. This is the case in some of Australia and most of Southern Africa, the use of such railways has almost vanished due to the capabilities of modern trucks. In many countries, narrow gauge railways were built as feeder or branch lines to feed traffic to more important standard gauge lines, the choice was often not between a narrow-gauge railway and a standard gauge one, but between a narrow-gauge railway and none at all. Some bulk commodities, such as coal, ore, and gravel, can be transshipped, but this still incurs time penalties
17.
Allan Herschell Company
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The Allan Herschell Company specialized in the creation of amusement rides, particularly carousels and roller coasters. The company manufactured portable machines which could be used by traveling carnival operators and it was started in 1915 in the town of North Tonawanda, just outside Buffalo, New York, US. Herschell, together with James Armitage, created the Armitage Herschell Company in 1873, in 1883, his son William traveled to London, England to meet former Limonaire Frères employee Eugene de Kleist. Backed by Armitage Herschell, in 1888 DeKliest set up band organ production in North Tonawanda, the company produced a range of barrell-organ based products, suited for all ranges of fairground attraction. Armitage Herschell remained in operation until the early 1900s, the company carved many portable carousels, made simple in style. Surviving steam riding galleries are located in Mississippi and Maine, Herschell created the Herschell Spillman Company with his in-laws, the Spillmans. Herschell Spillman started out creating and carving carousels in a traditional style, surviving carousels can be found in California, Michigan, and Maryland. The Herschell–Spillman Motor Company Complex at North Tonawanda was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013, the company later dropped Herschells name and was known as the Spillman Engineering Company. The company continued to make the style of carousel, though later it focused more on horses with a few menagerie styled machines. Surviving carousels can be seen in North Carolina and the Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester, the last company Herschell created was his own, competing with the Spillman Engineering Company, in 1915. Herschell specialized in horses with rigid poses and portable machines, which enabled them to be packed and shipped easily between towns. Herschell produced over 3,000 carved wooden carousels, which were shipped all over the United States and Canada, as well as countries such as Mexico, South Africa. The factory was bought in 1915 and is located on Thompson Street in North Tonawanda and it is one of the last factory complexes in the United States which contained the production of wooden carousels. The complex was expanded to meet the companys needs. The building contains a large carving shop, a shop, a paint shop, a storage area, an upholstery shop, a machine shop. Herschell didnt create just carousel rides, but expanded to include rides made for children and he thought up the concept for rides specialized for small children, called Kiddieland. Twister, Hurricane, Flying Bobs, and the Sky Wheel were thrill rides catered towards adults, the company moved to Buffalo, New York, in the 1950s, and in 1970, it merged with rival amusement park company Chance Manufacturing of Wichita, Kansas. The Herschell Carrousel Factory Museum, at the factory site on Thompson Street, opened to the general public in July 1983
18.
Central Florida
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Central Florida is a region of the U. S. state of Florida. Different sources give different definitions for the region, but as its name implies it is said to comprise the central part of the state, including the Tampa Bay. It is one of Floridas three best known regions, along with North Florida and South Florida. Like many vernacular regions, Central Floridas boundaries are not official or consistent, a 2007 study of Floridas regions by geographers Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified Central Florida as comprising a large swath of peninsular Florida. In addition, North Central Florida has emerged as a region representing the interior area in the northern part of the state. Central Florida is one of Floridas three most common directional regions, the others being North Florida and South Florida, Lamme and Oldakowski note that the directional region is more commonly used in the interior areas rather than on the coast. This definition covers much of the area as in Lamme and Oldakowskis survey. It excludes the Tampa Bay Area and North Central Florida, as well as the coastal counties. The Central region includes the Orlando metropolitan area, Marion and Sumter Counties in the interior and this is a population concentration that stretches from Tampa Bay on the west coast to Daytona Beach and Cape Canaveral on the east coast of the state. There is a mixture of wetlands, Cypress, Oak, Maple and Pine forests, pastures, prairies, Major rivers include the St. Johns River, the Ocklawaha River, the Halifax River, and the Econlockhatchee River. Major lakes include Lake Apopka, Lake Tohopekaliga, East Lake Tohopekaliga, Lake Louisa, Lake Monroe, Lake Jessup, there are over 100 miles of coastline in Central Florida along the Atlantic Coast. Major beaches include Canaveral National Seashore, New Smyrna Beach, Daytona Beach, Cocoa Beach, hurricanes are a threat to the coastal cities as evident by the 2004 hurricane season, which brought three major hurricanes to the Central Florida area, Charley, Jeanne, and Frances. Winters are dry and temperate with the winter high temperature in Orlando being 72 °F. Summers are hot and humid with temperatures averaging 92 °F. Peak summer heat generally arrives in early June and continues to early October, Central Florida records more lightning strikes per area than any other region in Florida, and Florida records more lightning strikes than any other state in the USA. As a result, Florida, and more specifically, Central Florida, is referred to as the Thunderstorm capital of the USA. These severe thunderstorms often make Central Florida prone to many tornadoes, however, they are usually small, short lived, and almost always rated as EF0 or EF1 size storms. At the end of the Civil War most of Central Florida was barely-inhabitable wetlands and it took a major drainage project financed by Philadelphia businessman Hamilton Disston in the 1880s to make the land available for settlement
19.
Arson
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Arson is a crime of intentionally, deliberately and maliciously setting fire to buildings, wildland areas, abandoned homes, vehicles or other property with the intent to cause damage. It may be distinguished from other such as spontaneous combustion, accidental fires. Arson often involves fires deliberately set to the property of another or to own property in order to collect insurance compensation. A person who commits this crime is called an arsonist, more often than not, arsonists use accelerants to ignite, propel and directionalize fires. It is not required that the defendant acted intentionally or willfully for the purpose of burning a dwelling, burning – at common law charring to any part of dwelling was sufficient to satisfy this element. No significant amount of damage to the dwelling was required, any injury or damage to the structure caused by exposure to heat or flame is sufficient. Of the dwelling – dwelling refers to a place of residence, the destruction of an unoccupied building was not considered arson, since arson protected habitation, the burning of an unoccupied house did not constitute arson. Dwelling includes structures and outbuildings within the curtilage, dwellings were not limited to houses. A barn could be the subject of arson if it was occupied as a dwelling, moreover, for purposes of common law arson, possession or occupancy rather than title determines whose dwelling the structure is. Thus a tenant who sets fire to his house would not be guilty of common law arson. In many states, arson is divided into degrees, depending sometimes on the value of the property but more commonly on its use, first-degree arson – The act in which the arsonist sets fire to an occupied domain or building such as a school. Second-degree arson – The act in which the arsonist sets fire to a building such as an empty barn. Third-degree arson – The act in which the arsonist sets fire to a building or an abandoned area of space such as a field. Many statutes vary the degree of the according to the criminal intent of the accused. In the United States, the common law elements of arson are often varied in different jurisdictions, for example, the element of dwelling is no longer required in most states, and arson occurs by the burning of any real property without consent or with unlawful intent. Arson is prosecuted with attention to degree of severity in the alleged offense, first degree arson generally occurs when persons are harmed or killed in the course of the fire, while second degree arson occurs when significant destruction of property occurs. While usually a felony, arson may also be prosecuted as a misdemeanor, criminal mischief, burglary also occurs, if the arson involved a breaking and entering. A person may be sentenced to death if arson occurred as a method of homicide, as was the case in California of Raymond Lee Oyler, in New York, arson is charged in five degrees
20.
Thanksgiving
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Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the Caribbean islands and in Liberia. It was originally celebrated as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest, similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well. Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among almost all religions after harvests, the Thanksgiving holidays history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant Reformation. It also has aspects of a harvest festival, even though the harvest in New England occurs well before the date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, the 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, for example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588, an unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. Some researchers state that there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day, the origins of Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, as settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, most of the US aspects of Thanksgiving, were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada. The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest, Pilgrims and Puritans who began emigrating from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. In the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God, now called Oktober Feesten, Leidens autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims plans to emigrate to America. Later in Massachusetts, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford, the practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s. Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, during the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by governors, John Hancock, General George Washington. James Baker maintains, The American holidays true origin was the New England Calvinist Thanksgiving, never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to Gods providence
21.
Zip line
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It is designed to enable a user propelled by gravity to travel from the top to the bottom of the inclined cable by holding on to, or attaching to, the freely moving pulley. Zip-lines come in forms, most often used as a means of entertainment. They may be short and low, intended for childs play, longer and higher rides are often used as a means of accessing remote areas, such as a rainforest canopy. Zip line tours are becoming popular vacation activities, found at outdoor adventure camps or upscale resorts, the jungles of Costa Rica, Florida, Puerto Vallarta, and Nicaragua are popular destinations for zip line enthusiasts. The zip-wire has been used as a method in some mountainous countries for many years. Referred to as an strong, one appears in The Invisible Man by H. G. Wells, published in 1897. In 1739, Robert Cadman, a steeplejack and ropeslider, died when descending from Shrewsburys St Mary’s Church when his rope snapped. In the Australian outback, zip-lines were occasionally used for delivering food, Australian troops have used them to deliver food, mail and even ammunition to forward positions in several conflicts. With the flying fox, the pulley, attached to the car, are fixed to the cable, childrens versions are usually not set up with a steep incline, so the speeds are kept relatively low, negating the need for a means of stopping. To be propelled by gravity, the needs to be on a fairly steep slope. Even then the car will not travel completely to the end. It can be returned by means, either by simply pushing the car back to the top of the hill on foot or a line leading from the car to the uphill end. The flying fox is usually made with rope instead of cable to make it easier and cheaper to install, uninstall. The riders on the Flying Fox needs safety harness to get support on the zip line, professional versions of a zip-line are most typically used as an outdoor adventure activity. In contrast to flying foxes professional courses are operated at higher speeds. The users are attached to the cable by a harness that attaches to a removable trolley. A helmet is required on almost all courses of any size, cables can be very high, starting at a height of over 9 m, and traveling well over 460 m. All zip-line cables have some degree of sag, the proper tensioning of a cable is important and allows the ability to tune the ride of a zip line
22.
International Drive
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International Drive, commonly known as I-Drive, is a major 11. 1-mile thoroughfare in Orlando, Florida, United States, and is the citys main tourist strip. I-Drive is located several miles southwest of proper Downtown Orlando in the southernmost limits of the city, the International Drive area serves a similar purpose to that of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas as the core of the tourism area. An additional extension which does not directly intersect with the section of International Drive is known as International Drive South. Surrounding cross-roads include Sand Lake Road, Kirkman Road, SR536, and Universal Boulevard, I-Drive has four lanes, two in each direction, from its north end to Pointe Plaza Dr. and again between the northern and southern intersections with Westwood Blvd. It is six lanes, three in each direction, from Pointe Plaza Dr. to the Beachline Expressway, and again from the intersection with Westwood Blvd. to its end at SR536. The entirety of International Drive South, from SR535 to US192, is six lanes. The major theme park resort Universal Orlando is also located in the area, several Lynx public bus routes also serve the I-Drive area with routes to Orlando International Airport, Downtown Orlando and other parts of the city. The first section of I-Drive was laid out in the 1960s by attorney Finley Hamilton to serve his Hilton Inn South and he imagined that once Walt Disney World opened in October 1971, tourists would spot the hotel when traveling to the park along Interstate 4. They called the hotel Finleys Folly – everyone, all of my friends and they said it was in the boondocks. But it turned out to be highly successful. I came up with International Drive, he recalled, because it sounded big and important. International Drive was eventually extended to its current north point and southward past the Beachline Expressway, originally built as Republic Drive, it originally stopped at International Drive and fed into ramps onto and off I-4 eastbound. In 1998, the north into Universal Studios was opened. Southbound, it fed into International Drive just north of the Orange County Convention Center. The north corner of the intersection is now the Pointe Orlando shopping district, when the North Building of the OCCC was planned, it was also planned to extend Universal Boulevard along its current alignment on the north side of the North Building. The extension was opened in early 2003, and the old connector to I-Drive at Pointe Orlando was renamed Pointe Plaza Avenue, an electric sign system on the Beachline directs convention-goers to the proper road so as to avoid unnecessary traffic on I-Drive. Universal Boulevard has fewer businesses, thus much less traffic serving as an exit road for the Orange County Convention Center during major events. Several planned communities and extended-stay business apartments are planned for the corridor, including the Village of Imagine, the University of Central Florida opened the off-campus Rosen College of Hospitality Management, funded by local hotelier Harris Rosen, in 2005 at Universal Blvd. and the Beachline. Universal Blvd. is currently six lanes from Vineland Rd. southbound to International Drive, only one lane in each direction passes under the Beachline to connect to Orangewood Blvd. which is four lanes on the other side. Orlando International Premium Outlets Artegon Marketplace Pointe Orlando IDRIVE Orlando Orlando Vineland Premium Outlets
23.
Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens
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The Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens is a 116-acre zoo and botanical garden located north of Orlando, Florida at the intersection of I-4 and Hwy 17-92 near the city of Sanford. The zoo has been a member of the Association of Zoos. In 1923, the Central Florida Zoo opened its gates for the first time only a small collection of animals that were donated by the local fire department. In 1941, it was relocated to new facilities where Sanford City Hall now stands and it was moved to its current location on July 4,1975. On March 4,2010, Mary the elephant died at age 63, on February 21,2011, Maude was moved to Zoo Miami. Once Maude had been moved to Miami, the zoo converted the elephant exhibit to house an Indian rhinoceros, with support from the FAIRWINDS Credit Union, the zoo will open its Rhinoceros Outpost exhibit in the near future. The zoo opened its otter exhibit in September 2012, in February 2014, the zoo added a new giraffe exhibit which is now the home to three male giraffes, Rafiki, Emba, and Gage. The zoo is now home to over 400 animals, visitors can take advantage of opportunities including keeper chats. Within the zoo, a small carousel can be found, as well as the Little Florida Coast Line, the Zoo also has a splash park within the Zoo. Giraffe feedings and rhino encounters are available for an extra cost, the zoo hosts several annual events, including ZOO Boo Bash, Breakfast with Santa, and Hippity Hop Adventure. Brews Around the Zoo, a 21 & up only event occurs yearly in the spring, the zoo also hosts a birthday party every summer for their two Indian rhinos, Birthday with the Big Boys. The zoo also operates a conservation center, the Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation. This facility helps to breed and release eastern indigo snakes into the wild where they have disappeared, gatorland Green Meadows Petting Farm Zoo Map. centralfloridazoo. org. Media related to Central Florida Zoo at Wikimedia Commons Official website
24.
Greater Orlando
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Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee and Sanford. The U. S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole. According to the 2010 U. S. Census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,134,411, by population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the fifth-largest in the southeastern United States, and the 26th largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles of total area, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford MSA is further listed by the U. S. Office of Management and Budget as part of the Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach, Florida Combined Statistical Area. This includes the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the area of The Villages. The Combined Statistical Area was estimated to have a population of 2,818,120 in 2010, principal cities are defined by the OMB based on population size and employment. In general, a city has more non-residents commuting into the city to work than residents commuting out of the city to work. 53,570 Greater Orlando is best known for its tourism industry, famous attractions include Walt Disney World, SeaWorld Orlando and Universal Orlando. Tourism has brought to Orlando numerous hotels, restaurants, and shopping malls all ranging from low-cost to upscale options, the citrus industry has declined over the past 100 years as farmers moved orange groves further south to more frostproof areas. The Christmas 1989 impact freeze proved particularly damaging to commercial citrus farming within Greater Orlando, there are still three major orange juice plants remaining in the area, Cutrale Citrus Juices in Leesburg, Floridas Natural Growers in Umatilla, and Silver Springs Citrus in Howey-in-the-Hills. Minute Maid maintains a major juice flavoring plant in Apopka, other agricultural pursuits, particularly cattle farming, remain important parts of the Central Florida economy, but are now all located on the outer fringes of the metro area. Orlando is the largest city in Central Florida and is also a food processing center. Metro Orlando has served as a military defense and aerospace center since World War II. The most prominent defense contractor in the area is Lockheed Martin, military presence began in the 1940s, with the opening of McCoy Air Force Base and the Orlando Naval Training Center. McCoy AFB was a hub of B-52 Stratofortress operations. McCoy AFB was split between the city and NTC Orlando in 1974, and NTC Orlando closed in the mid-1990s, McCoy AFB is now the location of the Orlando International Airport. Farther north in Sanford, the Orlando Sanford International Airport was originally Naval Air Station Sanford, metro Orlandos economy has greatly diversified from tourism, and the area is now considered a primary city for the modeling, simulation and training industry. The University of Central Florida is home to more than 60,000 students, the second largest public university campus by enrollment, the Central Florida Research Park is the seventh largest research park in the United States by number of employees, and fourth largest by number of companies
25.
Sanford, Florida
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Sanford is a city in the central region of the U. S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Seminole County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 53,570, known as the Historic Waterfront Gateway City, Sanford sits on the southern shore of Lake Monroe at the head of navigation on the St. Johns River. Native Americans first settled in the thousands of years before the city was formed. The Seminoles would arrive in the area in the 18th century, during the Second Seminole War in 1836, the United States Army established Camp Monroe and built a road that is currently known as Mellonville Avenue. The city sits approximately 20 miles northeast of Orlando, Sanford is home to Seminole State College of Florida and the Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens. Its downtown attracts tourists with shops, restaurants, a marina, the Orlando Sanford International Airport, which is in the heart of the town, functions as the secondary commercial airport for international and domestic carriers in the Orlando metropolitan area. The ten-foot wide paved walkway spans a distance of miles in Sanfords downtown area along the waterfront of Lake Monroe. Phase 2, which adds over 3000 feet to the trail, was completed in 2014, the city is redoing the face of Sanford Avenue, one of the main streets, with a new brick road, wider sidewalks, trees, flowers, and benches. Sanford is connected to the central Florida commuter railway SunRail, with the station 2 miles from the downtown, to support the its green initiatives, Sanford has added five electric car charging stations. The city is proposing to replace streetlamp bulbs with LED lights, the city of Sanford also launched a redesigned city government website in 2012. The Mayaca or Jororo Indians inhabited the shores of Lake Monroe at the time of European contact, by 1760, however, war and disease had decimated the tribe, which would be replaced by the Seminole Indians. Florida was acquired by the United States from Spain in 1821, in 1835, the Seminoles burned the port of Palatka on the St. Johns River, then the major artery into Central Florida from the East Coast. Consequently, a garrison was established upstream, on the southern side of Lake Monroe near a trading post. Called Camp Monroe, the log breastwork was attacked on February 8,1837 and it would be strengthened and renamed Fort Mellon in honor of Captain Charles Mellon, the sole American casualty. General Zachary Taylor had a road connecting a string of defenses from Lake Monroe to Fort Brooke. The town of Mellonville was founded around Fort Mellon in 1842 by Daniel Stewart, in 1845, Florida became a U. S. state, and Mellonville became county seat of Orange County, formerly called Mosquito County with its county seat across the lake at Enterprise. Orange groves were planted, with the first fruit packing plant built in 1869, in 1870, General Henry Shelton Sanford bought 12,548 acres to the west of Mellonville and laid out the community of Sanford. Believing it would become a hub, he called it The Gateway City to South Florida
26.
Metropolitan statistical area
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In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area. Such regions are neither legally incorporated as a city or town would be, as such, the precise definition of any given metropolitan area can vary with the source. A typical metropolitan area is centered on a large city that wields substantial influence over the region. However, some areas contain more than one large city with no single municipality holding a substantially dominant position. MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget and used by the Census Bureau, U. S. Census statistics for metropolitan areas are reported according to the following definitions. The U. S. Office of Management and Budget defines a set of core based statistical areas throughout the country, CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central urban area or urban cluster – in other words, a contiguous area of relatively high population density. CBSAs are composed of counties and county equivalents, the counties containing the core urban area are known as the central counties of the CBSA. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if the employment interchange measure is 25% or more, although numbers are estimates. Some areas within these counties may be rural in nature. As well as MSAs, CBSAs are subdivided into statistical areas based on the population of the core urban area. Under certain conditions, one or more CBSAs may be grouped together to form a larger entity known as a combined statistical area. Previous terms that are no longer used include standard metropolitan statistical area, in New England, towns have precedence over counties, so statistically similar areas are defined in terms of town-based units known as New England city and town areas. United States of America Outline of the United States Index of United States-related articles Book, United States Demographics of the United States United States Census Bureau List of U. S
27.
Lake County, Florida
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Lake County is a county located in the U. S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 297,052 and its county seat is Tavares, and its largest city is Clermont. Lake County is included in the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, Lake County was created in 1887 from portions of Sumter and Orange counties. It was named for the many lakes contained within its borders, during the Great Depression, citrus became the leading industry in Lake County. In 1949 the Groveland Four, Ernest Thomas, Charles Greenlee, Samuel Shepherd, the convictions were eventually overturned by the U. S. Supreme Court in a case argued by NAACP special counsel Thurgood Marshall. However, Ernest Thomas had already killed by a posse. Samuel Shepard and Walter Irvin were shot by Lake County Sheriff Willis McCall while being transferred, in handcuffs, the 2012 book Devil in the Grove documents this episode. American heavy metal guitarist Randy Rhoads was killed in a crash in Leesburg on Friday March 19,1982. Rhoads had played in the then nascent Ozzy Osbourne solo band following his tenure in Quiet Riot, on February 2,2007, a series of early morning tornadoes killed 21 people in the area. Governor Charlie Crist declared a state of emergency, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,157 square miles, of which 938 square miles is land and 219 square miles is water. Sugarloaf Mountain is the highest point in peninsular Florida, at 312 feet above sea level. Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge Ocala National Forest As of the census of 2000, there were 210,528 people,88,413 households, the population density was 221 people per square mile. There were 102,830 housing units at a density of 108 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 87. 46% White,8. 31% Black or African American,0. 33% Native American,0. 79% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 88% from other races, and 1. 18% from two or more races. 5. 61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the family size was 2.75. In the county, the population was out with 20. 30% under the age of 18,5. 80% from 18 to 24,23. 80% from 25 to 44,23. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 45 years, for every 100 females there were 93.70 males
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Orange County, Florida
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Orange County is a county in the state of Florida, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,145,956, Orange County is the central county Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The land that is Orange County was part of the first land to emerge from below the Early Oligocene sea 33. 9–28.4 million years ago and is known as Orange Island. In 1821, two counties formed Florida, Escambia to the west and St. Johns to the east, in 1824, the area to the south of St. Johns County became Mosquito County, and Enterprise was named the county seat. This massive county took up much of central Florida, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County in 1845 when Florida became a state. Several counties, such as Osceola, Seminole, Lake, Orange County was renamed from Mosquito County for the fruit that constituted the countys main product. At its peak in the early 1970s, some 80,000 acres were planted in citrus in Orange County, there was the dark green foliage of orange trees and the scent of the orange blossoms when in bloom. Fewer commercial orange groves remained by the end of the twentieth century, the majority of groves were destroyed by the freezing temperatures experienced in successive winters of 1985-1986, in particular by the January 1985 cold wave, the worst since 1899. The financial setbacks, not the first in the regions history, were too challenging for many growers. Economically destroyed, many walked away from the land and its obligations, one of the regions major land owners and growers was the Tropicana company. They, however, also rather than try to come back from these seemingly endless generational decimation. However, several packing facilities and wholesalers are still in Orange County, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,003 square miles, of which 903 square miles is land and 100 square miles is water. S. 24. 85% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 08% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.19. In the county, the population was out with 23. 6% under the age of 18,12. 8% from 18 to 24,29. 8% from 25 to 44,24. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 33.7 years, for every 100 females there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males, the median income for a household in the county was $50,138, and the median income for a family was $57,473. Males had an income of $40,619 versus $31,919 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,490, about 10. 0% of families and 13. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17. 2% of those under age 18 and 9. 4% of those aged 65 or over
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Osceola County, Florida
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Osceola County is a county located in the U. S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 268,685, Osceola County is included in the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. Osceola County is named for the Indian leader Osceola, whose name means Black Drink Cry, Osceola County was created in 1887. On July 21,1821, Florida was divided into two counties, named Escambia County to the west and St. Johns County to the east, in 1824, the southern part of St. Johns County became Mosquito County, with Enterprise as the county seat. In 1844, Brevard County was carved out from Mosquito County, when Florida became a state in 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County. On May 12,1887, Osceola was named a county, Osceola County reached all the way down to Lake Okeechobee until 1917 when Okeechobee County was formed. S. Census Puerto Rican was the largest self-reported ancestry group, Osceola County is a charter county, and a subdivision within the State of Florida. Voters approved the County Charter in March 1992, and it took effect on October 1,1992, the structure of County government under the charter does not depart dramatically from the structure of a County government outlined in the Florida Statutes. Osceola County Government is governed by three sets of elected officials, each of which independently directs separate branches of County Government and these include, the five-member County Commission, five separate Constitutional Officers, and a number of Judicial Officers. Each independent officer has discretion to administer his or her own programs, the County Commission exercises oversight only over its own departments. Osceola County has five districts each represented by a commissioner. All the commissioners compose the Board of Commissioners that appoint a County Manager, there also is a Commission Auditor and County Attorney. Board of County Commissioners District 1 - Peggy Choudhry District 2 - Viviana Janer District 3 - Brandon Arrington District 4 - Cheryl Grieb District 5 - Fred Hawkins, Jr. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,506 square miles. The population density was 203 people per square mile, there were 128,170 housing units at an average density of 60 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 38. 2% Non-Hispanic White,13. 0% Non-Hispanic Black or African American,0. 7% Native American,3. 0% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander, and 2. 5% from two or more races. 47. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, majority of which are Puerto Ricans,36. 72% of the county population is affiliated with a religious congregation. There are 206 religious congregations in the county,19. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
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Seminole County, Florida
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Seminole County is a county in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 422,718 and its county seat and largest city is Sanford. Seminole County is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, on July 21,1821, two counties formed Florida, Escambia to the west and St. Johns to the east. In 1824, the area to the south of St. Johns County was designated Mosquito County, the countys name was changed to Orange County in 1845 when Florida became a state, and over the next 70 years several other counties were created. Seminole County was one of the last to split, Seminole County was created on April 25,1913 out of the northern portion of Orange County by the Florida Legislature. It was named for the Seminole people who lived throughout the area. The name Seminole is thought to be derived from the Spanish word cimarron, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 345 square miles, of which 309 square miles is land and 36 square miles is water. It is Floridas fourth-smallest county by area and third-smallest by total area. Seminole Countys location between Volusia County and Orange County has made it one of Floridas fastest-growing counties, the U. S. Census Bureau estimates that the population of the County has grown to 394,878 by 2003. Current 2012 estimates put the population at more than 430,838, the population density was 1,185 people per square mile. There were 147,079 housing units at a density of 477 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 82. 4% White,9. 5% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,2. 5% Asian, <0. 1% Pacific Islander,3. 1% from other races, and 2. 2% from two or more races. 11. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.07. The Department of Education states that in 2003, school enrollment was approximately 72,630, as of 2006, the Seminole County School District was the 52nd largest in the nation. Population was distributed with 25. 4% under the age of 18,8. 4% from 18 to 24,32. 0% from 25 to 44,23. 6% from 45 to 64, the median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $49,326, males had a median income of $40,001 versus $28,217 for females
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Combined statistical area
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A combined statistical area is composed of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas in the United States and Puerto Rico that can demonstrate economic or social linkage. These areas that retain their own designations as metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas within the larger combined statistical area. The primary distinguishing factor between a CSA and an MSA is that the social and economic ties between the individual MSAs within a CSA are at lower levels than between the counties within an MSA, cSAs represent multiple metropolitan or micropolitan areas that have an employment interchange of 25. CSAs often represent regions with overlapping labor and media markets, as of July 2012, there are 166 combined statistical areas in the United States, plus three in Puerto Rico. S. S. Combined Statistical Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico, link United States Government United States Census Bureau 2010 United States Census USCB population estimates United States Office of Management and Budget
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Flagler County, Florida
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Flagler County is a county on the east coast of the U. S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 95,696, created in 1917 from portions of Saint Johns and Volusia Counties, it was named for Henry Morrison Flagler, who built the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler County is included in the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area, in 1974, Marco Polo Park, a theme park off Interstate 95 opened. It was never profitable and closed soon after, in 1998, when two brush fires threatened to become one huge brush fire in Flagler County, a mandatory evacuation was ordered for the entire county. This was the first and so far the only time a county was evacuated in Florida. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 571 square miles. The population density was 103 people per square mile, there were 24,452 housing units at an average density of 50 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 87. 27% White,8. 83% Black or African American,0. 27% Native American,1. 17% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 96% from other races, and 1. 47% from two or more races. 5. 09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,90. 1% spoke English,5. 0% Spanish and 1. 2% German as their first language. 1. 8% of the population identified themselves as being of non-Hispanic West Indian Ancestry,21. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the family size was 2.67. In the county, the population was out with 17. 90% under the age of 18,4. 80% from 18 to 24,20. 30% from 25 to 44,28. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 50 years, for every 100 females there were 92.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $40,214, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had an income of $31,184 versus $24,865 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,879, about 6. 70% of families and 8. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 70% of those under age 18 and 4. 40% of those age 65 or over. Flagler county was ranked the county in the nation by the US Census Bureau from 2000 to 2005, boasting a 53. 3% change. Flagler County Airport Interstate 95 U. S.1 SR A1A SR11 SR20 SR100 The Florida East Coast Railway provides rail services in the county
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Sumter County, Florida
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Sumter County is a county located in the state of Florida, United States. As of September 2016, the according to county officials is 118,577. It has the oldest median age of any US county and its county seat is Bushnell, and the largest community is The Villages. Sumter County comprises Metropolitan Statistical Area of The Villages, which is included in the Orlando-Deltona-Daytona Beach, Sumter County was affected by the massive Florida tornado outbreak of February 2,2007, and declared a state of emergency. Sumter County was created in 1853 and it was named for General Thomas Sumter, a general in the American Revolutionary War. The county in the past, and to day by some, is nicknamed Hog County most likely because it is home to a large population of wild hogs. Hog hunting is still a favorite pastime of locals in the rural portions of the county. This has dramatically changed the demographics of the county and has brought in significant income, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 580 square miles, of which 547 square miles is land and 33 square miles is water. The population density was 98 people per square mile, there were 25,195 housing units at an average density of 46 per square mile. 6. 29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the family size was 2.62. According to U. S. News & World Report over half the population of Sumter County are now senior citizens. In the county, the population was out with 16. 10% under the age of 18,5. 90% from 18 to 24,23. 30% from 25 to 44,27. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 49 years, for every 100 females there were 113.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $32,073, and the median income for a family was $36,999. Males had an income of $27,346 versus $21,145 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,830, about 9. 60% of families and 13. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26. 00% of those under age 18 and 7. 70% of those age 65 or over. According to The Daily Commercial, Sumter Countys unemployment rate as of March 2009 is 13.2 percent, in March 2016, the countys unemployment rate was 6. 7%
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Volusia County, Florida
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Volusia County is located in the east-central part of the U. S. state of Florida, stretching between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010 census, the county was home to 494,593 people and it was founded on December 29,1854, and was named for the community of Volusia, located in northwestern Volusia County. Volusia County is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area, Volusia County was named after the then-largest-community, Volusia, when the Florida legislature divided Orange County on December 29,1854. At the time, Volusia County had as few as 600 residents, the Euchees lived in the area of Spring Gardens, about ten miles south of Volusia. The name was taken from a British man named Voluz who owned a plantation located on the St. Johns River in the late 1700s, the name originated from the last name Veluche belonging to the French or Belgian owner of the trading post in Volusia. According to some, this was during the British regime, and according to others, over time, the name Veluche became anglicized to Volusia. The town was established by and named for Jere Volusia, the settlement was named by the Spanish after the celebrated Roman jurist Volusio, who wrote 30 books and tutored Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor and philosopher. The land area of present-day Volusia County was inhabited by the indigenous Timucua, neither group exists today as distinct racial entities, having been decimated by war and disease after contact with European settlers. Evidence of their habitation can still be seen in areas of Volusia County such as the large shell middens at Tomoka State Park. During the British occupation of Florida, a colony was started in southeast Volusia County by Andrew Turnbull. This colony was connected to St. Augustine, the capital of East Florida, after the failure of the colony the settlers, many of Minorcan and Greek heritage made the 70-mile journey to live in St. Augustine. The Seminole Indians, descendants of the Creek tribe of Alabama, during the Second Seminole War a large sugar plantation in what is today the city of Daytona Beach was burned by the Seminole. On the east shore of the St. Johns River in Volusia, in present-day DeBary, General Winfield Scott established a fort/depot in 1836 named Fort Florida. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,432 square miles. Volusia County is bordered on the west by the St. Johns River and Lake Monroe, roughly the size of Rhode Island, Volusia is situated 50 miles northeast of Orlando,60 miles north of the Kennedy Space Center, and 89 miles south of Jacksonville. The Volusia County Government divides the county into three regions, southeast Volusia - also known as the Greater New Smyrna Beach Area, this region includes the cities of New Smyrna Beach, Edgewater, and Oak Hill, also the unincorporated areas close to these cities. Deltona is the largest city in Volusia County, five are elected by district, the county chairman and at-large representative are elected county-wide. The county council establish ordinances and policies for the county and it also reviews and approves the county budget annually
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Alafaya, Florida
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Alafaya is a census-designated place and unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 78,113 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is most known for the Waterford Lakes Town Center, an outlet with various shops. Alafaya is located in eastern Orange County, Florida, in a broad zone south of State Road 50, the approximate center of Alafaya lies 9 miles east of downtown Orlando. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 38.1 square miles, of which 38.0 square miles is land and 0.077 square miles. Discovery Middle Legacy Middle Sunrise Elementary Waterford Elementary Kids R Kids Waterford
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Altamonte Springs, Florida
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Altamonte Springs is a suburban city in Seminole County, Florida, United States, which had a population of 41,496 at the 2010 census. The city is in the suburbs of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dr. Washington Kilmer of Cincinnati was the first to settle into the area circa 1870, in 1882, the Altamonte Land, Hotel and Navigation Company gave the area its present name, Altamonte Springs. The company developed the community along Altamonte Avenue between Maitland and Longwood Avenues. On November 11,1920, the residents of Altamonte Springs voted 38 to 7 in favor or incorporation, the name Altamonte is Spanish language word meaning high hill. Altamonte Springs is located at 28°39′41″N 81°23′31″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.4 mi2, of which 8.9 mi2 is land and 0.6 mi2 is water. Altamonte Springs has a City Manager, City Commissioner form of government, consisting of four commission districts, as of the census of 2000, there were 41,200 people,18,821 households, and 10,012 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,631.1 inhabitants per square mile, there were 19,992 housing units at an average density of 2,247.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79. 23% White,9. 72% African American,0. 33% Native American,2. 94% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,4. 79% from other races, and 2. 94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 93% of the population,36. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the family size was 2.86. In the city, the population was out with 20. 4% under the age of 18,10. 8% from 18 to 24,37. 1% from 25 to 44,21. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age is 34 years, for every 100 females there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males, the median income for a household in the city was $41,578, and the median income for a family was $49,082. Males had an income of $34,413 versus $28,897 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,216, about 5. 6% of families and 7. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9. 5% of those under age 18 and 6. 4% of those age 65 or over. The city of Altamonte Springs public schools are a part of Seminole County Public Schools, Altamonte Springs is served by 4 public elementary schools,1 public middle school, and 1 public high school. The city of Altamonte Springs is also home to a branch of Seminole State College of Florida, additionally, Altamonte Springs boasts 10 percent more college graduates per capita than the Florida average, and is just a few miles away from the University of Central Florida and Rollins College
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Apopka, Florida
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Apopka is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. The citys population was 41,542 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Apopka is a Seminole word for Potato eating place, Apopka is often referred to as the Indoor Foliage Capital of the World. The earliest known inhabitants of the Apopka area were the Acuera people and they had disappeared by 1730, probably decimated by diseases brought to Florida by Spanish colonists. The Acuera were succeeded by refugees from Alabama and Georgia, who formed the new Seminole Indian tribe, aha, meaning Potato, and papka, meaning eating place. By the 1830s, this settlement numbered about 200, and was the birthplace of the chief Coacoochee, the early American settlers built a major trading center on the foundations of the earlier Indian settlement. Their population was enough by 1857 to support the establishment of a Masonic lodge. In 1859 the lodge erected a permanent meeting place at what is now the intersection of Main Street, in 1882 the one square mile surrounding The Lodge was officially incorporated under the name Apopka. In 1905, the Apopka City Council authorized incorporation of the Apopka Water, Light and this independent utility company was one of many that were gobbled up by the Florida Public Service Corporation in the 1920s. Five buildings in Apopka have been placed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places through the Apopka Historical Society housed in the Museum of the Apopkans, Apopka is known for having one of the longest-serving mayors in the United States. John H. Land, first elected in 1949, served for 61.25 years, making him the longest serving mayor in Florida, on April 8,2014, Apopka City Commissioner Joe Kilsheimer won an election to succeed John H. Kilsheimer was sworn in on April 22,2014, Apopka is a fast-growing city and is expanding in all directions. Most notable are the new Lowes and Home Depot DIY stores to the north of the city on US441 in the location of the previous Dunn Citrus grove, other businesses on the former Dunn Citrus site include Staples office supply and a second Chilis restaurant. Earthmoving began in the summer of 2010 to further expand the expressway, including an extension of Toll 414, known as Wekiva Parkway, created a junction at US441, master plans take the Wekiva Parkway extension further north and then east connecting to Interstate 4 at Sanford. The expansion was scheduled to be completed in the several years. It will then be the shortest route from I-4 to the Disney attractions, forbes Magazine named Apopka the 14th Friendliest City in America in December 2012. Apopka is located at 28°40′34″N 81°30′38″W and it is approximately 16 miles northwest of Downtown Orlando. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 32.6 square miles
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Casselberry, Florida
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Casselberry is a city in Seminole County, Florida, United States. The population was 26,241 at the 2010 census, the city is usually considered linked to the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Casselberry is located at 28°39′40″N 81°19′19″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.1 square miles, of which 6.7 square miles is land and 0.4 square miles is water. Casselberry features over 30 lakes and ponds, the largest being Lake Howell, the Triplet Chain of Lakes, Lake Kathryn, prior to European settlement in the 19th-century Native American groups inhabited the Seminole County area, including land in present-day Casselberry. A blockhouse known as Fort Concord was constructed on the shores of Lake Concord in 1849 to protect settlers during conflicts between the Seminole Wars. After the Homestead Act was passed in 1862, settlers began homesteading the land around Lake Concord, annie E. Griffin of Eastman, Georgia platted the area’s first subdivision in 1889 after inheriting the land from her deceased husband. An African-American community cemetery, called Evergreen Cemetery, was established in 1903 under the care of a group of trustees from surrounding communities. In 1925, Gordon J. Barnett of New York came to Altamonte Springs and acquainted himself with all aspects of the fern industry. Barnett then began a development west of Lake Concord called Fern Park Estates, composed of small lots. In 1926, Hibbard Casselberry of Winnetka, Illinois was visiting his wife’s aunt in nearby Winter Park when he met Gordon Barnett, Casselberry and Barnett split soon after but Casselberry purchased land surrounding Fern Park Estates and began platting his own subdivision, Winter Park Ferneries. The area became known as Fern Park and a post office was established under that name in 1928, Casselberry continued to develop and expand his fernery and real estate business throughout the 1930s while Barnett was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1937. When Barnett introduced a bill to incorporate the Town of Fern Park it was passed and moved to the senate before Fern Park residents could petition the bill, and then Barnett withdrew it. Hibbard Casselberry convinced the residents of Fern Park that the best way to avoid property taxes was to incorporate their own tax-free town, a town meeting was held on October 10,1940 where the tax-free Town of Casselberry was officially incorporated, including parts of Barnett’s Fern Park Estates. As more property was brought into the city limits of Casselberry, the city returned to the fern industry after the war but also continued work in textiles and Johnson Electronics became a major employer for the city in the 1950s. Casselberry established a contract post office in 1957 at its own expense, the City of Casselberry was incorporated on July 25,1965 and Casselberry’s citizens eventually voted to have property taxes in 1976. Casselberry’s first city hall was dedicated in 1970 and comprises part of the current municipal complex, as of the 2010 U. S. Census, there were 26,241 people,11,430 households, and 6,398 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,751.9 inhabitants per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 80. 1% White,8. 0% African American,0. 4% Native American,2. 9% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,4. 9% from other races, and 3. 5% from two or more races
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Clermont, Florida
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Clermont is a city in Lake County, Florida, United States, about 22 miles west of Orlando and 22 miles southeast of Leesburg. The population was 30,201 in 2013, the city is residential in character and its economy is centered in retail trade, lodging, and tourism-oriented restaurants and bars. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area, Clermont is home to the 1956 Florida Citrus Tower, one of Floridas first landmarks. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.5 square miles. The Clermont area lies on the part of the Lake Wales Ridge. There are rolling hills atypical of the Florida peninsula, nearby are the Clermont Chain of lakes and Lake Apopka. The annual average variations of various measurements are, Rainfall 36.6 to 51.2 inches, Snowfall is zero,25.2 Precipitation Days 101 to 107, Sunny Days 205 to 236, July High 86.5 to 91.7 °F, Avg. Low 20.8 to 48.8 °F, Comfort Index 28 to 44, UV Index from 4.3 to 6.3, the town gets 51 inches of rain per year, more than the US average of 37 inches. On average, there are 236 sunny days per year, the July high is around 92 °F. The comfort index, which is based on humidity during the hot months, is a 28 out of 100, Clermont was founded in 1884 and named for the French birthplace of the manager of the Clermont Improvement Company, A. F. Wrotniski. The city was incorporated in 1916, the historic downtown district appearance has not changed much since 1962. The population grew 207% from 2000 to 2010, with economic growth. In spring 2010, the Clermont Landings shopping center opened with 20 shops and restaurants, the increased pollution has affected the citys lakes and other natural resources. Waterfront Park is located along Lake Minneola, The park includes picnic areas, an area, fishing piers. There are rentals of paddleboards, kayaks and bicycles, a fitness trail that is part of a 30-mile system runs through the park. As of the census of 2010, there were 28,742 people residing in the city in 11,216 households, the population density in 2000 was 812/mi². In 2000 the average density of Clermont 380/mi². The racial makeup of the city was 71. 69% White,14. 41% African American,0. 42% Native American,4. 19% Asian,5. 37% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 17. 75% of the population
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Daytona Beach, Florida
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Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. It lies about 51 miles northeast of Orlando,86 miles southeast of Jacksonville, in the 2010 U. S. Census, it had a population of 61,005. It is a city of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area. Daytona Beach is also a city of the Fun Coast region of Florida. The city is known for its beach where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas. This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports, and this was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway. The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR, other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero 400 race in July, Bike Week in early March, Biketoberfest in late October, and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January. The area where Daytona Beach is today was inhabited by the indigenous Timucuan Indians who lived in fortified villages. The Timucuas were nearly exterminated by contact with Europeans through war, enslavement and disease, the Seminole Indians, descendants of Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama, frequented the area prior to the Second Seminole War. During the era of British rule of Florida between 1763 and 1783, the Kings Road passed through present-day Daytona Beach, the road extended from St. Augustine, the capital of East Florida, to Andrew Turnbulls experimental colony in New Smyrna. In 1804 Samuel Williams received a grant of 3,000 acres from the Spanish Crown. This land grant encompassed the area that would become Daytona Beach, Williams built a slave-labor-based plantation to grow cotton, rice and sugar cane. His son Samuel Hill Williams would abandon the plantation during the Second Seminole War, the area now known as the Daytona Beach Historical District was once the Orange Grove Plantation, a citrus and sugar cane plantation granted to Samuel Williams in 1787. The plantation was situated on the west bank of the channel known as the Halifax River,12 miles north of Mosquito Inlet. Williams was a British loyalist from North Carolina who fled to the Bahamas with his family until the Spanish reopened Florida to non-Spanish immigration, after his death in 1810, the plantation was run by his family until it was burned down in 1835. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr. of Mansfield, Ohio and he built a hotel around which the initial section of town arose. In 1872, due to troubles, Day lost title to his land, nonetheless, residents decided to name the city Daytona in his honor. In 1886, the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway arrived in Daytona, the line would be purchased in 1889 by Henry M. Flagler, who made it part of his Florida East Coast Railway
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DeLand, Florida
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DeLand is a city in the U. S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Volusia County, the city sits approximately 34 miles north of the central business district of Orlando, and approximately 23 miles west of the central business district of Daytona Beach. As of the 2010 U. S. Census, the city had a population of 27,031 and it is a part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL metropolitan statistical area, which was home to 590,289 people as of the 2010 census. The city was founded in 1876, and was named for its founder, DeLand is home to Stetson University, Floridas oldest private college, as well as the Museum of Art - DeLand. On February 2,2007, DeLand and the area was the site of a major tornado outbreak. Known as Persimmon Hollow for the wild persimmon trees that grow around the natural springs and it was settled in 1874 by Captain John Rich, who built a log cabin. Henry Addison DeLand, a soda magnate from Fairport, New York, visited there in 1876. That year he bought land and founded the town, naming it after himself and it was the first city in Florida to have electricity. In 1877 Henry A. DeLand built a school for the town. To enhance the stature and culture, and to enhance the value of his local real estate holdings, in 1883 Henry A. DeLand established DeLand Academy. However, in 1885, a freeze destroyed the orange crop, like many other would-be real estate magnates in the area at the time, his Florida investments were nearly worthless after the freeze, and he returned to his home in the North. DeLand entrusted the academy to his friend John B, Stetson, a wealthy hat manufacturer from Philadelphia and one of the institutions founding trustees. In 1889, it was renamed John B, Stetson University in its patrons honor. In 1900 it founded the first law school in Florida and its various sports teams are called the Hatters. Since 1992, the city has hosted the DeLand Fall Festival of the Arts, as of 2009, the event has an annual attendance of more than 50,000 over the weekend immediately prior to Thanksgiving each year. DeLand is located at 29°1′44″N 81°18′2″W, approximately halfway between Orlando and Daytona Beach. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.8 square miles, of which 17.6 square miles is land and 0.19 square miles. DeLand is drained by the St. Johns River, as of the census of 2013, there were 28,237 people,9,950 households, and 4,631 families residing in the city
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Deltona, Florida
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Deltona is a city in the U. S. state of Florida and the most populous city in Volusia County. It is located on the shore of Lake Monroe along the St. Johns River in central Florida. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 85,182, the city is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area and the larger Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach, FL Combined Statistical Area. The city was established as a planned residential community, and was master-planned and developed by the General Development Corporation. The city is residential, and primarily serves as a commuter town for the nearby cities of Orlando and Daytona Beach. The area of current Deltona and surrounding communities was originally inhabited by nomadic Timucuans, after Florida became a state in 1845, steamboats began to make regular trips up the St. Johns River to Lake Monroe. George Sauls, a secret agent for the Confederacy during the American Civil War, along with his wife Adeline. The area was located three miles north of the community of Osteen. Sauls homestead would eventually catch on fire in 1972 and it would eventually be designated as a historical site by the Volusia County Historical Commission, and the street, originally named Barranca, was renamed George Sauls Street in 1977. It was decommissioned as a site in 2000, and its site marker has since been relocated to the nearby Osteen Cemetery. What now constitutes the city was developed in 1962 as Deltona Lakes by Elliott, Robert. Deltona Lakes was heavily marketed throughout the United States, including Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, sales representatives would also market in places such as Germany, Puerto Rico, Latin America and the Far East. In April 1967, more than 30 civic, social, charitable and fraternal clubs would form, including a civic association, a mens and womens association, a shuffle board club. By 1970, Deltona Lakes had an population of 4,868 and would continue to grow in population throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The residents of Deltona Lakes would eventually vote to incorporate it as a city in September 1995, a city charter was adopted on September 9,1995, and a seven-member city commission was elected. Deltona Lakes would become incorporated as a city on December 31,1995, the city grew to a population of 69,543 people by the 2000 census, becoming the most populous city in Volusia County. The US$7 million project would complete for opening on March 16,2002, on December 3,2002, ground broke for the development of the Deltona satellite campus of Daytona State College, adjacent to Deltona City Hall. The campus opened in August 2004, throughout the 2000s, the city would continue to grow in population, while maintaining a mainly residential landscape
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Four Corners, Florida
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The population of the Four Corners CDP was 26,116 at the 2010 census. Four Corners is located at 28°20′1″N 81°38′33″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Four Corners CDP has an area of 50.1 square miles, of which 46.4 square miles is land and 3.7 square miles. The United States Census Bureau area is based on census tracts, Four Corners has a total area of 180 square miles. Four Corners is the community in Florida to be located in four counties. Although the Four Corners area is termed a quadripoint, an analysis of the official borders shows that what is called a quadripoint is actually two sets of tripoints, lake County, Orange County and Osceola County share a border near the westbound lane of the Space Coast Parkway. Lake County, Polk County and Osceola County share a border just south of the lane of the Space Coast Parkway. Polk County, Florida and Orange County, Florida do not actually border each other but are located approximately 60 feet apart, as of the census of 2000, there were 12,015 people,4,909 households, and 3,485 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 256.5 people per square mile, there were 8,278 housing units at an average density of 176. 7/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86. 90% White,3. 57% African American,0. 32% Native American,2. 29% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,4. 12% from other races, and 2. 72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 60% of the population,20. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the family size was 2.82. In the CDP, the population was out with 19. 9% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,33. 5% from 25 to 44,25. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $44,855, and the median income for a family was $48,125. Males had an income of $30,725 versus $26,073 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,565, about 3. 8% of families and 5. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7. 1% of those under age 18 and 3. 0% of those age 65 or over. As of 2010, the population for Four Corners, based on the larger described area above, is 100,000 people
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Meadow Woods, Florida
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Meadow Woods is a census-designated place and an unincorporated suburban development area located in southern Orange County, Florida, United States between Orlando International Airport and Kissimmee. The population was 25,558 at the 2010 census, up from 11,286 in 2000 and it is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Meadow Woods is located at 28°22′29″N 81°21′50″W, in the portion of Orange County outside of the Orlando city limits. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 29.6 km². As of the census of 2000, there were 11,286 people,3,472 households, there were 4,441 housing units at an average density of 150. 8/km². The racial makeup of the CDP was 66. 99% White,11. 95% African American,0. 55% Native American,2. 42% Asian,0. 12% Pacific Islander,13. 32% from other races, and 4. 65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52. 84% of the population,11. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 2. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the family size was 3.52. In the CDP, the population was out with 29. 8% under the age of 18,9. 3% from 18 to 24,32. 1% from 25 to 44,20. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 33 years, for every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $46,033, and the median income for a family was $48,076. Males had an income of $30,081 versus $21,960 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,805, about 5. 9% of families and 7. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8. 9% of those under age 18 and 10. 0% of those age 65 or over. The major roads of the community of Meadow Woods are Landstar Boulevard, Town Center Boulevard/Rhode Island Woods Circle/Wyndham Lakes Boulevard. The Central Florida Greeneway serves Meadow Woods, which has an access at the intersection with Landstar Boulevard at Exit 14, Orlando International Airport borders Meadow Woods to the north and east. SunRail has plans to extend its rail service south to the area as part of Phase II of the project. Service to Meadow Woods is expected to commence in 2017, the rail line also handles Amtraks Silver Service lines as well as several CSX freight trains. Meadow Woods is served by Lynx bus routes 18 and FastLink 418, Meadow Woods Recreation Center Several elementary and middle grade schools Warehouses for Whirlpool Corporation and Sealy Mattresses South Orange Youth Sports Complex www. city-data. com
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Ocoee, Florida
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Ocoee is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 35,579 and it is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The camp built by the group provided a base of operations from which to commute during the day to work the fields near Lake Apopka and rest at night. As the camp grew into a village, it took the name Starke Lake, Captain Sims received a land grant for a 74-acre parcel to the west of Starke Lake in what is now the downtown portion of Ocoee on October 5,1883. In 1886, Captain Sims, along with a group of settlers, led an effort to have the town platted and changed the name to Ocoee. Ocoee is a Cherokee Indian word anglicized from uwagahi, meaning apricot vine place, bluford Sims began groundbreaking work in budding wild orange trees while in Ocoee. His commercial citrus nursery was the first in the United States in Ocoee, the construction of the Florida Midland Railroad in the 1880s spurred growth in the area and many more settlers moved in. On November 2,1920, after July Perry and Moses Norman, on the night of the massacre, white World War I veterans from throughout Orange County participated. At least 24 black homes were burned, the institutions constituting the community were destroyed. Before the massacre, Ocoees black population numbered approximately five hundred, after the massacre, however, for more than 40 years, Ocoee remained an all-white town. Ocoee was incorporated in 1922 and became a city in 1925, highway construction was the impetus for Ocoees growth in the 20th century. State Road 50 was constructed south of downtown Ocoee in 1959, the development of what would become Florida State Road 50 made the town more accessible to housing developers. Floridas Turnpike was opened just south of downtown Ocoee in 1964, in late 1990, Ocoee was connected to Orlando by a western extension of Florida State Road 408 which then joined the Floridas Turnpike south of SR50. In 2000, the completion of Florida State Road 429 linked Ocoee with Walt Disney World to the south, Ocoee is located at 28°34′27″N 81°31′50″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 15.7 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 24,391 people,8,072 households, the population density was 1,843.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,405 housing units at a density of 635.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 81. 47% White,6. 59% African American,0. 35% Native American,2. 93% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,6. 22% from other races, and 2. 38% from two or more races
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