1.
London, Ontario
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London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census, London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County. London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, the first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855, since then, London has grown to be the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality and Canadas 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it. London is a centre of health care and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario, Fanshawe College. Londons university and hospitals are among its top ten employers, London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. It also has an airport, train and bus station. Prior to European contact in the 18th century, the present site of London was occupied by several Neutral, Odawa, archaeological investigations in the region indicate that aboriginal people have resided in the area for at least the past 10,000 years. The current location of London was selected as the site of the capital of Upper Canada in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. Simcoe intended to name the settlement Georgina, in honour of King George III, however, the choice of a capital site in the midst of extensive hardwood forests was rejected by Guy Carleton. In 1814, there was a skirmish during the War of 1812 in what is now southwest London at Reservoir Hill, the village of London, named after the English capital of London, was not founded until 1826, and not as the capital Simcoe envisioned. Rather, it was a seat for the area west of the actual capital. At the time, Crown and clergy reserves were receiving preference in the rest of Ontario, in 1832, the new settlement suffered an outbreak of cholera. London proved a centre of strong Tory support during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, London was incorporated as a town in 1840. On 13 April 1845, fire destroyed much of London, which was at the time largely constructed of wooden buildings, one of the first casualties was the towns only fire engine. This fire burned nearly 30 acres of land destroying 150 buildings before burning itself out later the same day, one-fifth of London was destroyed and this was the provinces first million dollar fire. Sir John Carling, Tory MP for London, gave three events to explain the development of London in a 1901 speech
2.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
3.
Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
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Holy Cross Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery at 5835 West Slauson Avenue in Culver City, California, United States, operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. It is partially in the Culver City city limits, opened in 1939, Holy Cross comprises 200 acres. It contains—amongst others—the graves and tombs of showbusiness professionals, many celebrities are in the sections near The Grotto in the southwest part of the cemetery, after entering the main gate, turn left and follow the leftmost road up the hill. Use the following links to find someone. Vince Edwards, actor Richard Egan, actor John Fante, novelist, short-story, dixie Lee, actress, dancer and singer. Monaco, composer Ricardo Montalbán, actor Carlotta Monti, actress Thelma Morgan, socialite, twin sister of Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Holy Cross Cemetery
4.
June Lockhart
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June Lockhart is an American actress, primarily in 1950s and 1960s television, also with performances on stage and in film. She played the mother in two TV series, Lassie and Lost in Space and she also portrayed Dr. Janet Craig on the CBS television sitcom Petticoat Junction. She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award winner and her grandfather was John Coates Lockhart, a concert-singer. She attended the Westlake School for Girls in Beverly Hills, California, Lockhart made her film debut opposite her parents in a film version of A Christmas Carol, in 1938. She also played supporting parts in films including Meet Me in St. Louis, Sergeant York, All This, Lockhart played the title role in She-Wolf of London. Lockhart debuted on stage at the age of eight, playing Mimsey in Peter Ibbetson, in 1947, her acting in For Love or Money brought her out of her parents shadow and gained her notice as a promising movie actress in her own right. One newspaper article began, June Lockhart has burst on Broadway with the suddenness of an unpredicted comet, in 1951, Lockhart starred in Lawrence Rileys biographical play Kin Hubbard opposite Tom Ewell. In 1955, Lockhart appeared in an episode of CBSs Appointment with Adventure, about this time, she also made several appearances on NBCs legal drama Justice, based on case files of the Legal Aid Society of New York. In the late 1950s, Lockhart guest-starred in several popular television Westerns including, Wagon Train and Cimarron City on NBC and Gunsmoke, Have Gun – Will Travel, and Rawhide on CBS. Lockhart is best known for her roles as TV mothers, first as Ruth Martin, the wife of Paul Martin, and she replaced actress Cloris Leachman, who, in turn, had replaced Jan Clayton - who had played a similar character earlier in the series. Following her five-year run on Lassie Lockhart made a guest appearance on Perry Mason as defendant Mona Stanton Harvey in The Case of the Scandalous Sculptor. Lockhart then starred as Dr. Maureen Robinson in Lost in Space, in 1965, Lockhart played librarian Ina Coolbrith, first poet laureate of California, in the episode Magic Locket of the syndicated western series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Ronald W. Reagan. In the storyline, Coolbrith develops a friendship with the teenaged Dorita Duncan. The two have identical portions of a broken locket, sean McClory played the poet Joaquin Miller, author of Songs of the Sierras. Lockhart would then appear as Dr, in 1986, she appeared in the fantasy film, Troll. The younger version of her character in film was played by her daughter. They had previously played the woman at two different ages in the Lest We Forget episode of the television series Magnum, P. I. In 1991, Lockhart appeared as Miss Wiltrout, Michelle Tanners kindergarten teacher on the TV sitcom Full House and she also had a cameo in the 1998 film Lost in Space, based on the television series she had starred in thirty years earlier
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Character actor
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A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract, in a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters, but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras, the term is used primarily to describe television and film actors, and is less used to describe theater actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor, if they play such roles convincingly and memorably. Unlike leading actors, they are seen as less glamorous. Generally, the names of actors are not featured prominently in movie and television advertising on the marquee. Some character actors have distinctive voices or accents, or they develop memorable mannerisms, a character actor with a long career may not have a well-known name, yet may be instantly recognizable. During the course of a career, an actor can sometimes shift between leading roles and secondary roles. Some leading actors, as they get older, find that access to leading roles is limited by their increasing age, in the past, actors of color, who were often barred from roles for which they were otherwise suited, found work performing ethnic stereotypes. Sometimes character actors have developed based on specific talents needed in genre films, such as dancing, horsemanship, acrobatics, swimming ability. Some character actors develop a following with a particular audience. Ed Lauter usually portrayed a menacing figure because of his long, angular face which was recognized in public. Character actors can play a variety of types, such as the femme fatale, gunslinger, sidekick, town drunk, villain, whore with a heart of gold, Character actors subsume themselves into the characters they portray, such that their off-screen acting persona is practically unrecognizable. According to one view, great actors are rarely out of work. They are also highly regarded by fellow actors. Stock character Commedia dellarte Quinlan, David, quinlans Illustrated Directory of Film Character Actors. Character Kings, Hollywoods Familiar Faces Discuss the Art & Business of Acting
6.
Beatrice Lillie
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Beatrice Gladys Bea Lillie was a Canadian-born British actress, singer and comedic performer. She began to perform as a child with her mother and sister and she made her West End debut in the 1914 and soon gained notice in revues and light comedies, becoming known for her parodies of old-fashioned, flowery performing styles and absurd songs and sketches. She debuted in New York in 1924 and two later starred in her first film, continuing to perform in both the US and UK. She was associated with the works of Noël Coward and Cole Porter, during World War II, Lillie was an inveterate entertainer of the troops. She won a Tony Award in 1953 for her revue An Evening With Beatrice Lillie, Lillie was born in Toronto to John Lillie and wife Lucie-Ann Shaw. Her father had been a British Army officer in India and later was a Canadian government official and her mother was a concert singer. Beatrice performed in other Ontario towns as part of a trio with her mother and older sister. Eventually, her mother took the girls to London, England where she made her West End début in the 1914 Not Likely. She was noted primarily for her work in revues, especially those staged by André Charlot, and light comedies. In her revues, she utilized sketches, songs and parody that won her praise from The New York Times after her 1924 New York début in André Charlots Revue of 1924. Her performing in comedy routines as One Dozen Double Damask Dinner Napkins. In 1926 she returned to New York City to perform, while there, she starred in her first film, Exit Smiling, opposite fellow Canadian Jack Pickford, the younger brother of Mary Pickford. This was followed by The Show of Shows, after a 1927 tour on the Orpheum Circuit, Lillie made her Broadway Vaudeville debut at the Palace Theatre in 1928 and performed there frequently after that. She also played at the London Palladium in 1928, on stage, she was long associated with the works of Noël Coward, beginning with This Year of Grace and giving the first public performance of Mad Dogs and Englishmen in Cowards The Third Little Show. Cole Porter and others also wrote songs for her, from the late 1920s until the approach of World War II, Lillie repeatedly crossed the Atlantic to perform on both continents. With Bobby Clark she appeared in London in Walk a Little Faster, in 1944, Lillie appeared in the film On Approval. Her few other film appearances included a role as a revivalist in Around the World in 80 Days and as Mrs. Meers in her last film. After seeing An Evening with Beatrice Lillie, critic Ronald Barker wrote, Other generations may have their Mistinguett and we have our Beatrice Lillie and seldom have we seen such a display of perfect talent
7.
London Oratory School
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The London Oratory School, commonly known as The London Oratory, is a Catholic day secondary school for boys aged 7–18 and girls aged 16–18 situated in Fulham, London. The school is renowned for the quality of both its choral and its instrumental music, the Oratory is one of Englands oldest Catholic state-funded boys schools. The London Oratory School admits 160 boys to the first form, the School educates boys aged 7–16 and boys and girls aged 16–18 in the sixth form. There are around 1,350 pupils including about 350 in the sixth form, the School shares its religious and cultural identity with the Congregation of the Oratory who founded the School and are its trustees. The education of children has always been an important part of the work of the Fathers of the London Oratory in Brompton and they opened their first school in King William Street in the City of London in 1852 and two parochial schools in Chelsea in 1856. These schools were fee paying and they were the forerunners of the present school, both schools flourished but in the early part of the last century Cardinal Vaughan asked the Oratory Fathers to inaugurate the first Central Schools for Catholic children. This they did in 1912, developing the two schools which ceased to be fee paying, into Central Schools on a site in Stewarts Grove, during both World Wars, sixty six Oratorians lost their lives fighting for their country. In 1959 the two schools were amalgamated and in 1962 it was decided that the Daughters of the Cross were to be withdrawn after almost a century of devoted work. In 1963 the school was classified as a four-form entry grammar school admitting only boys since there were many more selective places for girls than boys in the schools in the diocese. However those girls currently at the school were, on the insistence of the newly appointed headmaster, the school moved to its present site in 1970, now with six forms of entry at 11+, with girls being admitted annually to the sixth form. Under the Academies Act 2010, the became an Academy in August 2011. The school marked its 150th anniversary on 27 September 2013 with the celebration of Mass in Westminster Cathedral, pauline Devereux 2017-present David McFadden 2007-2017 John McIntosh, CBE. 1977-2007 Ian G. Gaffney Laurence Summerbell Dr. John Menzies Duffy Twenty seven-year-old boys are admitted to the Junior House for a specialist musical education, some of the boys are admitted as choristers and sing in The Schola. Boys admitted to the Junior House are full members of the school and are expected to continue their education at the school for the remainder of their Secondary Education and this is up until the age of sixteen. The traditional sport of the school is rugby and the London Oratory is commonly seen as a rugby school, during the sports history at the school,56 Middlesex county championships have been won. Furthermore, a number of Oratorians have gone on to represent England at international level. Three OOs have also played in the Cambridge varsity XV, all teams in the school compete in their respective leagues, including the Daily Mail Cup. In the first form, rugby is compulsory, the majority of the 180 boys turn out to play most Saturdays for fixtures against other schools
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London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
9.
Toronto Argonauts
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The Toronto Argonauts are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League. Based in Toronto, Ontario, the team was founded in 1873, the teams origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The Argonauts played their games at Rogers Centre from 1989 until 2016 when the team moved to BMO Field. The Argonauts have won the Grey Cup a record 16 times and have appeared in the final 22 times, Most recently they defeated the Calgary Stampeders 35–22 at home in the 100th Grey Cup in 2012. The Argonauts hold the best winning percentage in the game and have the longest active winning streak in games in which they have appeared. The Argonauts have faced every current western CFL team at least once in the Grey Cup, the team was owned by the Argonaut Rowing Club for its first 83 years, and has been owned by a series of business interests since 1956. The Argonauts were a fixture on the Toronto sports scene for decades, in May 2015 it was announced that a consortium of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainments Larry Tanenbaum and Bell Canada would acquire the team. Given the length of history, dozens of players, coaches. Since the teams foundation in 1873, the Argonauts name has been in continuous use, the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta Braves franchises of Major League Baseball are older, but both teams have changed their name more than once, and the Braves have also changed cities. The Argonauts also claim to be the oldest professional team in North America. The claim is debatable, as the Hamilton Tigers date to 1869, given its nautical theme, the name Argonaut was adopted by a group of amateur rowers in Toronto in 1872. The Argonaut Rowing Club, which exists today, went on to found the football club with the same name a year later. Given their roots in a squad, the team is often referred to as the boatmen. In the 19th century, the most renowned rowing teams in the world were from the University of Oxford, the Toronto rowers, many of whom had associations with the English schools, adopted uniforms incorporating the light blue of Cambridge and the dark blue of Oxford. In turn, the footballers adopted the colours and the double blue would become synonymous with the team. Blue has become the traditional colour of top-level teams in Toronto, the teams other official colour is white. Its current helmet design features an Oxford blue background, with an Oxford blue and Cambridge blue round shield inscribed with a white, for most of the teams history, the logo featured some form of a boat, often incorporating a football. The first recorded game of what would become known as Canadian football was played in Toronto on November 9,1861, the game at the time was a modified version of English rugby and it gained popularity throughout the 1860s
10.
Juilliard School
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The Juilliard School located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. It is informally referred to as Juilliard, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the leading music schools. In 2016, QS Quacquarelli Symonds ranked it as the worlds best institution for Performing Arts in their global ranking of the discipline. The Institute opened in the former Lenox Mansion, Fifth Avenue and 12th Street and it moved in 1910 to 120 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, onto a property purchased from Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus D. Juilliard, in 1924, the foundation purchased the Vanderbilt family guesthouse at 49 E. 52nd Street and established the Juilliard Graduate School. In 1926, the Juilliard School of Music was created through a merger of the Institute of Musical Art, the two schools shared a common Board of Directors and President but retained their distinct identities. The conductor and music-educator Frank Damrosch continued as the Institutes dean, in 1937, Hutcheson succeeded Erskine as president of the two institutions, a job he held until 1945. In 1946, the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School completely merged to form a single institution, the president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Schuman established the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946 and the Dance Division in 1951, William Schuman graduated from Columbias Teachers College and attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932,1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in counterpoint. L&M was Schumans reaction against more formal theory and ear training, the general mandate was to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music. The quality and degree of each students education in harmony, music history or ear training was dependent on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate, William Schuman resigned as president of Juilliard after being elected president of Lincoln Center in 1962. Peter Mennin, another composer with experience at the Peabody Conservatory, was elected as his successor. Mennin made significant changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, in 1968, Mennin hired John Houseman to manage a new Drama Division, and in 1969 oversaw Juilliards relocation from Claremont Avenue to Lincoln Center. Polisis many accomplishments include philanthropic successes, broadening of the curriculum, in 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in 2006, Juilliard received a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist Bruce Kovner. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations,2, and manuscripts of Brahmss Symphony No.2 and Piano Concerto No.2
11.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
12.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
13.
Die Fledermaus
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Die Fledermaus is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée. The original literary source for Die Fledermaus was Das Gefängnis, a farce by German playwright Julius Roderich Benedix that premiered in Berlin in 1851. On 10 September 1872 a three-act French vaudeville play by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, Le Réveillon, loosely based on the Benedix farce, opened at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal. Meilhac and Halévy had provided several successful libretti for Offenbach and Le Réveillon later formed the basis for the 1926 silent film So This Is Paris, directed by Ernst Lubitsch. Meilhac and Halévys play was translated into German by Karl Haffner, at the instigation of Max Steiner. The French custom of a New Years Eve réveillon, or supper party, was not considered to provide a setting for the Viennese theatre. Haffners translation was then passed to the playwright and composer Richard Genée, who had provided some of the lyrics for Strausss Der Karneval in Rom the year before, the German première took place at Munichs Gärtnerplatztheater in 1875. Die Fledermaus was sung in English at Londons Alhambra Theatre on 18 December 1876, the first London performance in German did not take place until 1895. The role of Eisenstein was originally written for a tenor, but is frequently sung by a baritone. The role of Orlofsky is a role, usually performed by a mezzo-soprano. Adele, Eisensteins maid, receives a letter, purportedly from her sister who is in the company of the ballet. She pretends the letter says that her aunt is very sick, Falke, Eisensteins friend, arrives to invite him to the ball. Together, they recall a practical joke which Eisenstein played on Falke a few years ago, Eisenstein bids farewell to Adele and his wife Rosalinde, pretending he is going to prison but really intending to postpone jail for one day and have fun at the ball. After Eisenstein leaves, Rosalinde is visited by her lover, the singing teacher Alfred. Frank, the governor of the prison, arrives to take Eisenstein to jail, in order not to compromise Rosalinde, Alfred agrees to pretend to be Eisenstein and to accompany Frank. A summer house in the Villa Orlofsky It transpires that Falke, some time before, after a costume-party, Eisenstein had abandoned Falke, very drunk and dressed in a bat-costume, in the center of town, exposing him to ridicule the next day. As part of his scheme, Falke has invited Frank, Adele, the ball is in progress and the Prince welcomes his guests. Eisenstein is introduced to Adele, but is confused as to who she really is because of her resemblance to his maid
14.
San Francisco Opera
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San Francisco Opera is an American opera company, based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1923 by Gaetano Merola, in fact, Merolas initial visits to the city were as conductor of some of these troupes—the first in 1909 with the International Opera Company of Montreal. Continued visits for the next decade convinced him that a San Francisco company was viable, while it was a popular and critical triumph, the five-day season was not a financial success. It was clear to Merola that a solid financial base was needed. Appealing to more than the elite, Merola raised 2441 contributions of $50 each from many founding members. After the opening of La bohème, the first 1923/24 season included productions of Andrea Chénier, Mefistofele, Tosca (with Giuseppe de Luca and Martinelli, during the nine years following the opening season, the San Francisco War Memorial Opera House was conceived. The building was designed by Arthur Brown, Jr. the architect who also created San Franciscos Coit Tower, the company inaugurated the new opera house with a performance of Tosca on 15 October 1932 with Claudia Muzio in the title role. However, until well after Merolas death, the main San Francisco season rarely extended beyond late October and he died while conducting an open-air concert at Stern Grove on 30 August 1953. Edwin MacArthur led the San Francisco Opera Orchestra in several 78-rpm recordings for RCA Victor in the late 1930s, some of these were later reissued by RCA on LP and CD. Short versions of all the works in the season were broadcast on about 30 California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and British Columbia radio stations, starting about 1941. Kurt Herbert Adler came to the United States in 1938 after early experience and training in aspects of music and theatre in Austria, Germany. For five years, he worked to build the chorus of the Chicago Opera Company, Merola heard of him and, over the telephone, invited him to San Francisco opera in 1943 as chorus director. Adler was often regarded as a difficult, sometimes tyrannical person to work for, however, as Chatfield-Taylor notes, singers, conductors, directors, and designers came back season after season…. Among those who were offered new and exciting challenges were Geraint Evans, the Welsh baritone, Leontyne Price, and Luciano Pavarotti. He took on more and more details as Merolas health and energy diminished. After three months of acting as Artistic Director, and with the assistance of its president, Robert Watt Miller, Adler was confirmed as General Director, Adlers aims Adlers aims in taking over the company were several. Eventually, as seen in the 1961 SFO season, eleven operas were given five or six performances each on average while the season ran to late November. He heard Leontyne Price on the radio, and offered her a role in Dialogues of the Carmelites in 1957, thus providing her with her the first performance on a major operatic stage
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Eugene O'Neill
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Eugene Gladstone ONeill was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. ONeills plays were among the first to include speeches in American vernacular and they struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known, nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism. ONeill was born in a hotel, the Barrett House, at Broadway and 43rd Street, a commemorative plaque was first dedicated there in 1957. The site is now occupied by 1500 Broadway, which offices, retail. He was the son of Irish immigrant actor James ONeill and Mary Ellen Quinlan and his father suffered from alcoholism, his mother from an addiction to morphine, prescribed to relieve the pains of the difficult birth of her third son, Eugene. ONeill spent his summers at the Monte Cristo Cottage in New London and he attended Princeton University for one year. Accounts vary as to why he left, ONeill spent several years at sea, during which he suffered from depression and alcoholism. Despite this, he had a love for the sea and it became a prominent theme in many of his plays. ONeill joined the Marine Transport Workers Union of the Industrial Workers of the World, ONeills parents and elder brother Jamie died within three years of one another, not long after he had begun to make his mark in the theater. After his experience in 1912–13 at a sanatorium where he was recovering from tuberculosis, ONeill had previously been employed by the New London Telegraph, writing poetry as well as reporting. In the fall of 1914, he entered Harvard University to attend a course in dramatic technique given by Professor George Baker and he left after one year and did not complete the course. During the 1910s ONeill was a regular on the Greenwich Village literary scene, ONeill also had a brief romantic relationship with Reeds wife, writer Louise Bryant. ONeill was portrayed by Jack Nicholson in the 1981 film Reds and his involvement with the Provincetown Players began in mid-1916. ONeill is said to have arrived for the summer in Provincetown with a full of plays. He was not left alone in the dining-room when the reading had finished, the Provincetown Players performed many of ONeills early works in their theaters both in Provincetown and on MacDougal Street in Greenwich Village. Some of these early plays began downtown and then moved to Broadway, ONeills first published play, Beyond the Horizon, opened on Broadway in 1920 to great acclaim, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. His first major hit was The Emperor Jones, which ran on Broadway in 1920 and his best-known plays include Anna Christie, Desire Under the Elms, Strange Interlude, Mourning Becomes Electra, and his only well-known comedy, Ah, Wilderness
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Ah, Wilderness!
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Ah, Wilderness. is a comedy by American playwright Eugene ONeill that premiered on Broadway at the Guild Theatre on October 2,1933. It varies from a typical ONeill play in its ending for the central character. The play was successful in its first Broadway production and the production that followed. It has since become a staple of community repertory, the play takes place on the Fourth of July,1906, and focuses on the Miller family, presumably of New London, Connecticut. The main plot deals with the son, 16-year-old Richard. Perhaps the most atypical of the works, the play presents a sentimental tale of youthful indiscretion in a turn-of-the-century New England town. The play was included in Burns Mantles The Best Plays of 1933–1934 with George M. Cohan in the cast and again as a revival in 1941–42. The story was made into the 1959 Broadway musical Take Me Along starring Jackie Gleason as the drunken Uncle Sid, Walter Pidgeon as Nat. The production ran for 448 performances, Gleason won the 1960 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. A revival in 1984 had a run for six months in Connecticut and Washington, D. C. but closed on Broadway after only a short debut. The play was made into a 1935 film of the same title, mickey Rooney starred as Tommy in the former and Richard in the latter. The play was adapted for the radio on the Campbell Playhouse produced by and starring Orson Welles on September 17,1939. Ah, Wilderness, A Comedy of Recollection in Three Acts, at the Internet Broadway Database Ah, Wilderness. Production archive at eONeill. com Ah, Wilderness, at the Internet Broadway Database Take Me Along at the Internet Broadway Database Ah, Wilderness. At the Internet Movie Database Photos of a production of Ah,1954 Theatre Guild on the Air radio adaptation of original play at Internet Archive
17.
Lee J. Cobb
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Lee J. Cobb was an American actor. He is best known for his performances in 12 Angry Men, On the Waterfront and he also played the role of Willy Loman in the original Broadway production of Arthur Millers 1949 play Death of a Salesman under the direction of Elia Kazan. On television, Cobb co starred in the first four seasons of the Western series The Virginian and he typically played arrogant, intimidating, and abrasive characters, but often had roles as respectable figures such as judges and police officers. Cobb was born Leo Jacoby in New York City, to a Jewish family of Russian and Romanian extraction and he grew up in the Bronx, New York, on Wilkins Avenue, near Crotona Park. His parents were Benjamin Jacob, a compositor for a foreign-language newspaper, Cobb studied at New York University before making his film debut in The Vanishing Shadow. He joined the Manhattan-based Group Theatre in 1935, Cobb performed summer stock with the Group Theatre in 1936, when they summered at Pine Brook Country Club in Nichols, Connecticut. During World War II, Cobb served in the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces, Cobb entered films in the 1930s, successfully playing middle-aged and even older men while he was still a youth. He was cast as the Kralahome in the 1946 nonmusical film Anna and he also played the sympathetic doctor in The Song of Bernadette and appeared as James Coburns supervisor in the spy spoofs In Like Flint and Our Man Flint. He reprised his role of Willy Loman in the 1966 CBS television adaptation of Death of a Salesman, which included Gene Wilder, James Farentino, Bernie Kopell, Cobb was nominated for an Emmy Award for the performance. Mildred Dunnock, who had costarred in both the stage version and the 1951 film version, again repeated her role as Linda. In 1957, he appeared in Sidney Lumets 12 Angry Men as the abrasive Juror #3. In 1959, on CBS DuPont Show of the Month, he starred in the roles of Miguel de Cervantes and Don Quixote in the play I, Don Quixote. Cobb also appeared as Wyoming ranch owner Judge Henry Garth in the first four seasons of the long-running NBC Western television series The Virginian and his costars were James Drury, Doug McClure, Roberta Shore, Gary Clarke, Randy Boone, Clu Gulager, and Diane Roter. In 1968, his performance as King Lear with Stacy Keach as Edmund, René Auberjonois as the Fool, one of his final film roles was that of police detective Lt. Kinderman in the 1973 horror film The Exorcist. He appeared alongside British actor Kenneth Griffiths in an ABC television documentary on the American Revolution called Suddenly an Eagle, Cobb was accused of being a Communist in 1951 testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee by Larry Parks, himself a former Communist Party member. Later, Cobb explained why he named names, saying, When the facilities of the government of the United States are drawn on an individual it can be terrifying, the blacklist is just the opening gambit—being deprived of work. But not being able to move without being tailed is something else, after a certain point it grows to implied as well as articulated threats, and people succumb. My wife did, and she was institutionalized, the HUAC did a deal with me
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Willy Loman
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Loman is a 63-year-old travelling salesman from Brooklyn with 34 years of experience with the same company who endures a pay cut and a firing during the play. He has difficulty dealing with his current state and has created a world to cope with his situation. This does not keep him from multiple suicide attempts, Willy Loman is an aging suburban Brooklyn, New York salesman whose less than spectacular career is on the decline. He has lost the youthful verve of his past and his camaraderie has faded away and his business knowledge is still at its peak, but without his youth and heartiness, he is no longer able to leverage his personality to get by. Time has caught up with him, according to Charles Isherwood, Loman is the plays dominant character because It is his losing battle against spiritual and economic defeat that provides the narrative spine of the play. Loman is a representation of millions of white collar employees who outlived their corporate usefulness. He lives in a world with delusions about how popular, famous, influential and successful he is and his wife not only allows these delusions, but also she buys into them, somewhat. His misplaced values of importance and popularity were shaken to the core by his ability to leverage those self-perceived traits successfully as he grew older. Lomans world crumbles around him during the play, the play begins with the 63-year-old Loman dealing with a recent paycut after 34 years on the job at a time when he is having difficulty meeting his financial responsibilities. In the second act, he deals with being fired, the firing was at the hands of the son of the person who had hired him 36 years prior. In the play, Loman reveals his past in scenes from his memory that the audience is challenged to judge for accuracy, Loman had succeeded in large part due to popularity, which is a value he attempted to instill in his sons. Cobbs tragic portrait of the salesman is acting of the first rank. Although it is familiar and folksy in the details, it has something of the manner in the big size. United Press International critic Rick Du Brow described Loman as. the aging failure of a salesman who has wasted his life by living in a world of delusions, willie is described as a suffering. middle-aged man at the end of his emotional rope. Lowry described the production as depicting the end of a man when his world is shattered. Creator Arthur Miller described the role as one for a character in a small physical body. Lomans Brooklyn accent is part of the challenge of the role, in 1950, Miller described Loman as a man who upon hearing societys thundering command to succeed found himself staring at a failure in the mirror. The Amazon. com editorial review by Ali Davis states that Willy Loman is a salesman desperately hustling for a living even as he slides into old age
19.
Death of a Salesman
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Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play written by American playwright Arthur Miller. It was the recipient of the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, the play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, running for 742 performances, and has been revived on Broadway four times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival. It is widely considered to be one of the greatest plays of the 20th century and he is 63 years old and very unstable, insecure, and self-deluded. Willy tends to re-imagine events from the past as if they are real and he vacillates between different perceptions of his life. Willy seems childlike and relies on others for support and his first name, Willy, reflects this childlike aspect as well as sounding like the question Will he. His last name gives the feel of Willys being a low man, someone low on the ladder and unlikely to succeed, however. Linda Loman, Willys loyal and loving wife, Linda is passively supportive and docile when Willy talks unrealistically about hopes for the future, although she seems to have a good knowledge of what is really going on. She chides her sons, particularly Biff, for not helping Willy more and she is the first to realize that Willy is contemplating suicide at the beginning of the play, and urges Biff to make something of himself, while expecting Happy to help Biff do so. Biff was a star with lots of potential in high school. He wavers between going home to try to fulfill Willys dream for him as a businessman or ignoring his father by going out West to be a farmhand where he is happiest. He likes being outdoors and working with his hands, yet wants to do something worthwhile so Willy will be proud. Biff steals because he wants evidence of success, even if it is false evidence, harold Happy Loman, Willys younger son. Hes lived in the shadow of his older brother Biff most of his life and seems to be almost ignored, but he still tries to be supportive towards his family. He is always looking for approval from his parents, but rarely gets any, Charley, Willys somewhat wise-cracking yet kind and understanding neighbor. He pities Willy and frequently lends him money and comes over to play cards with him, Willy is jealous of him because his son is more successful than Willys. Charley offers Willy a job many times during visits to his office, yet Willy declines every time, in Willys flashbacks, he is a nerd, and Willy forces him to give Biff test answers. He worships Biff and does anything for him, later, he is a very successful lawyer, married, and expecting a second son ‒ the same successes that Willy wants for his sons, in particular Biff. Bernard makes Willy contemplate where he has gone wrong as a father, uncle Ben, Willys older brother who became a diamond tycoon after a detour to Africa
20.
Smilin' Through (1922 film)
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Smilin Through is a 1922 silent film based on the 1919 play of the same name, written by Jane Cowl and Jane Murfin. The film starred Norma Talmadge, Harrison Ford, and Wyndham Standing and it was co-written and directed by Sidney Franklin, who also directed the more famous 1932 remake at MGM. The film was produced by Talmadge and her husband Joseph M. Schenck for her company and it was released by First National Pictures. Popular character actor Gene Lockhart made his debut in this film. The story is essentially the same as the popular Jane Cowl play, with Talmadge in the role of Kathleen. Kathleen, a young Irish woman, is in love with Kenneth Wayne but is prevented from marrying him by her guardian John Carteret, John is haunted by memories of his thwarted love for Kathleens aunt, Moonyean. The story was a popular one and was filmed twice more by MGM. Norma Talmadge - Kathleen/ Moonyeen Harrison Ford - Kenneth Wayne/Jeremiah Wayne Wyndham Standing - John Carteret Alec B. Francis - Dr and it deals with a subject which interests most women—that of spiritualism—which is so delicately and beautifully handled that it could offend no one, she described. It was one of her favorite films, Smilin Through was released on Region 0 DVD-R by Alpha Video on July 7,2015. Smilin Through Smilin Through Smilin Through 1919 Smilin Through Reviews of the 1922 film version with Norma Talmadge, Smilin Through 1922 at the Internet Movie Database Smilin Through at the TCM Movie Database Smilin Through at AllMovie
21.
Algiers (film)
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Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer, Sigrid Gurie, and Hedy Lamarr. Written by John Howard Lawson, the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah. Feeling imprisoned by his exile, he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris. The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko, Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr, whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences. The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the female lead. Charles Boyers depiction of the character, Pepe Le Moko, inspired the Warner Bros. animated character. In 1966, the film entered the public due to the claimants failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication. Pepe Le Moko is a thief, who, after his last great heist. Since his escape, Moko became a resident and leader of the immense Casbah, or native quarter, French officials arrive insisting on Pepes capture are met with unfazed local detectives, led by Inspector Slimane, who are biding their time. Meanwhile, Pepe begins to feel trapped in his prison-like stronghold, a feeling which intensifies after meeting the beautiful Gaby. His love for Gaby soon arouses the jealousy of Ines, Pepes Algerian mistress, cast notes Austrian actress Hedy Lamarr made her American film debut in Algiers, although she was already known for her appearance in the 1937 Czech film Ecstasy, in which she appeared nude. Howard Dietz, the head of MGMs publicity department, quizzed her about this, then its all right, he said, no damage has been done. Wanger used most of the music from the French film in this remake, backgrounds and exteriors for the film were shot in Algiers by a photographer named Knechtel, who was based in London. These photographs were integrated into the film by cinematographer James Wong Howe. Cromwell says about Lamarr that she could not act, after youve been in the business for a time, you can tell easily enough right when you meet them. But the principle applies, and Hedy also had no personality, how could they think she could become a second Garbo. … Ill take some credit for making her acting passable but can only share credit with Boyer fifty-fifty, Boyer did not enjoy his work on Algiers. An actor never likes to copy anothers style, he said, director Cromwell would run a scene from the original and insist we do it exactly that way — terrible, a perfectly terrible way to work
22.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
24.
Joan of Arc (1948 film)
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Joan of Arc is a 1948 American hagiographic epic film directed by Victor Fleming, and starring Ingrid Bergman as the French religious icon and war heroine. It was produced by Walter Wanger and it is based on Maxwell Andersons successful Broadway play Joan of Lorraine, which also starred Bergman, and was adapted for the screen by Anderson himself, in collaboration with Andrew Solt. It is the film of an Anderson play for which the author himself wrote the film script. Bergman had been lobbying to play Joan for many years, and it received mixed reviews and lower-than-expected box office, though it clearly was not a financial disaster as is often claimed. Donald Spoto, in a biography of Ingrid Bergman, even claims that the critics denunciations notwithstanding, the movie is considered by some to mark the start of a low period in the actresss career that would last until she made Anastasia in 1956. The nearly two-and-a-half-hour film was drastically edited for its general release. Bergman and co-star José Ferrer received Academy Award nominations for their performances, the film was director Victor Flemings last project—he died only two months after its release. Sragrow speculates that the disappointment of the relationship and the failure of the film may have led to Flemings fatal heart attack. While contemporary critics may have agreed with Flemings assessment of Joan of Arc, filming began 16 September 1947 and was done primarily at Hal Roach Studios, with location scenes shot in the Los Angeles area. The movie was first released in November 1948 by RKO, the 1948 Sierra Pictures never produced another film after Joan of Arc. The film recorded a loss of $2,480,436, the complete 145 minute version of Joan of Arc remained unseen in the U. S. for about forty-nine years. Although the complete Technicolor negatives remained in storage in Hollywood, the soundtrack was thought to be lost. The movie was restored in 1998 after a print in mint condition was found in Europe. When it finally appeared on DVD, the complete version was hailed by online movie critics as being much superior to the edited version. It was released on DVD in 2004, the edited version received its first television showing on CBS on the evening of April 12,1968, and has been shown on Ted Turners WTCG and on cable several times. However, the version was finally shown on Turner Classic Movies on March 13,2011. This marked the first time that the unedited version had ever been shown on American television. It has now been several times by TCM and appears to have supplanted the edited version
25.
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca and as Alicia Huberman in Notorious, before becoming a star in American films, Bergman had been a leading actress in Swedish films. Her introduction to American audiences came with her role in the English-language remake of Intermezzo. Selznicks financial problems meant that Bergman was often loaned to other studios, apart from Casablanca, her performances from this period include Victor Flemings remake of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Gaslight, and The Bells of St. Marys. Her last films for Selznick were Alfred Hitchcocks Spellbound and Notorious and her final film for Hitchcock was Under Capricorn. After a decade in American films, she starred in Roberto Rossellinis Stromboli, many of her personal and film documents can be seen in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives. According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became the ideal of American womanhood, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman as the fourth-greatest female screen legend of classic American cinema. Bergman, named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden, was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Bergman, when she was two years old, her mother died. Her father, who was an artist and photographer, died when she was 13, in the years before he died, he wanted her to become an opera star, and had her take voice lessons for three years. But she always knew from the beginning that she wanted to be an actress, sometimes wearing her mothers clothes and her father documented all her birthdays with a borrowed camera. After his death, she was sent to live with an aunt and she then moved in with her Aunt Hulda and Uncle Otto, who had five children. Another aunt she visited, Elsa Adler, first told Ingrid, when she was 11, that her mother may have had some Jewish blood, but her aunt also cautioned her about telling others about her possible ancestry as there might be some difficult times coming. Biographer Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, however, notes that the claim of Jewish blood was likely an embellishment, after being forced to do an in-depth genealogical investigation, Bergmans maternal cousin found there to be no Jewish ancestry on Bergmans mothers side. Later, she received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, after several months she was given a part in a new play, Ett Brott, written by Sigfrid Siwertz. Chandler notes that this was totally against procedure at the school, during her first summer break, she was also hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre was a part in 1935s Munkbrogreven. She went on to act in a films in Sweden, including En kvinnas ansikte, which was later remade as A Womans Face with Joan Crawford
26.
Bob Cratchit
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Robert Bob Cratchit is a fictional character in the Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol. The abused, underpaid clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge, Cratchit has come to poor working conditions. According to a comment by his wife, Cratchit works for 15 shillings a week at a rate of three pence an hour for 60 hours per week, until the decimalization of the British Pound in 1971, one shilling was twelve pence. Thus, fifteen shillings is 180 pence and it would take 60 hours to earn 180 at a rate of three pence per hour. In terms of 2015 purchasing power, this would be approximately £63.00 or about $94 US per week. Seven members of Cratchits family are mentioned in the story, four of whom are named, Mrs. Cratchit, Bob Cratchits wife. Martha Cratchit, the eldest daughter, who works as an apprentice at a milliners, peter Cratchit, the heir, for whom his father is arranging employment at the weekly rate of five shillings and sixpence. The youngest child, he is ill and walks with a crutch. An unnamed younger son, named Matthew, or alternatively, a daughter named Miranda in varied adaptations, an unnamed younger daughter, named Lucy or Gillian in various adaptations. The role of Bob Cratchit has been performed by, among others, Calthrop bore a remarkable resemblance to Cratchit as illustrated in the original published edition of A Christmas Carol. H. Grant in the 1999 television movie A Christmas Carol Brian McNamara in the 2000 television movie A Divas Christmas Carol, here Bobs character is merged with Scrooges fiancée Belle. Rhys Ifans in the 2001 animated version Christmas Carol, The Movie Bob Bergen in the 2006 video Bah, Humduck
27.
A Christmas Carol (1938 film)
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On Christmas Eve in early Victorian London, Fred is sliding on ice on a sidewalk. He meets Peter and Tim Cratchit, sons of his uncle Ebenezers clerk, when Fred reveals who he is, the boys take off in terror. Fred soon arrives at the counting-house of his maternal uncle. After declining an invitation from his nephew to dine with him on Christmas and that night, Scrooge reluctantly allows his employee Bob Cratchit to have Christmas off with pay but orders him back all the earlier the day after. Later on, Bob accidentally knocks off Scrooges hat with a snowball, Scrooge removes Bob from his position, withholding a weeks pay to compensate for his ruined hat as well as demanding a shilling to make up the difference. Bob spends the last of his wages on food for his familys Christmas dinner. At home, Scrooge is confronted by the ghost of his business partner, Jacob Marley. He tells Scrooge he will be haunted by three time-traveling spirits, at one oclock, Scrooge is visited by the youthful Ghost of Christmas Past, who takes him back in time to his early life. Scrooge is shown his unhappiness when he was left to spend the holidays alone at school, the spirit reminds Scrooge that Fran, dead for some years, is the mother of his nephew. Scrooge begins a career in business and money lending as an employee under Fezziwig. At two oclock, Scrooge meets the merry Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows Scrooge how others keep Christmas, at a church service, Fred and his fiancée, Bess, are seen as happy and in love. The couple must wait to marry because of Freds financial circumstances, Scrooge is then shown the Cratchit home. Despite wearing a cheery manner for his familys sake, Bob is deeply troubled by the loss of his job, the spirit hints that Bobs youngest son, Timothy Tiny Tim, will die of his unknown illness by the same time next year if things do not change. At three oclock, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as a silent, shows Scrooge what will happen if he does not change. Scrooge discovers Tiny Tim is dead and his family mourns for him, Scrooge also discovers that his own death will not be mourned. Scrooge promises to repent and returns home, waking in his own bed on Christmas Day, Scrooge is now a changed man. He orders a boy in the street below his window to buy a turkey for him, running into the two men who petitioned him for charity the evening before, Scrooge gives a large donation. He visits Fred and makes him his new partner, then goes to the Cratchit house where he rehires Bob, the film ends with Scrooge wishing everyone a Merry Christmas
28.
Miracle on 34th Street
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Miracle on 34th Street is a 1947 Christmas comedy-drama film written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen OHara, John Payne, Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn, the story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the impact of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite, the film won Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Writing, Original Story and Best Writing, Screenplay. It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to Gentlemans Agreement, in 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically or aesthetically significant. The Academy Film Archive preserved Miracle on 34th Street in 2009, Davies also penned a short novelization of the tale, which was published by Harcourt Brace simultaneously with the films release. Kris Kringle is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade is intoxicated, when he complains to event director Doris Walker, she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macys flagship New York City store on 34th Street, ignoring instructions to steer parents to buy from Macys, Kris directs one shopper to a competitor. Impressed, she tells Julian Shellhammer, head of the toy department, Attorney Fred Gailey, Doris neighbor, takes the young divorcées second-grade daughter Susan to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in tales. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, worried, Doris decides to fire him. However, Kris has generated so much publicity and goodwill for Macys that a delighted Macy promises Doris. To alleviate Doriss misgivings, Julian has Granville Sawyer administer a psychological evaluation, Kris passes, but questions Sawyers own mental health. The store expands on the concept, to avoid looking greedy, competitor Gimbels implements the same policy, forcing Macys and others to escalate. Eventually, Kris does the impossible, he reconciles bitter rivals Macy, pierce, the doctor at Kris nursing home, assures Doris that Kris is harmless. Kris makes a pact with Fred – he will work on Susans cynicism while Fred does the same with Doris, when Susan reveals she wants a house, Kris reluctantly promises to do his best. Kris learns that Sawyer has convinced young employee Alfred that he is mentally ill simply because he is kind-hearted, finding Sawyer unwilling to budge, Kris hits him on the head with his cane. Sawyer exaggerates his pain in order to have Kris confined to Bellevue Hospital, tricked into cooperating, and believing Doris to be in on the deception, Kris deliberately fails his examination and is recommended for permanent commitment. However, Fred persuades Kris not to give up, at a hearing before Judge Henry X. Harper, District Attorney Thomas Mara gets Kris to assert that he is Santa Claus and rests his case
29.
Orson Welles
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George Orson Welles was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941. It reportedly caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring, although some contemporary sources claim these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to notoriety. His first film was Citizen Kane, which he co-wrote, produced, directed, Welles was an outsider to the studio system and directed only 13 full-length films in his career. He has been praised as the ultimate auteur, Welles followed up Citizen Kane with critically acclaimed films including The Magnificent Ambersons in 1942 and Touch of Evil in 1958. Although these three are his most acclaimed films, critics have argued other works of his, such as The Lady from Shanghai and Chimes at Midnight, are underappreciated. Known for his voice, Welles was an actor in radio and film, a Shakespearean stage actor. George Orson Welles was born May 6,1915, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, son of Richard Head Welles and he was named after his paternal great-grandfather, influential Kenosha attorney Orson S. Head, and his brother George Head. Despite his familys affluence, Welles encountered hardship in childhood and his parents separated and moved to Chicago in 1919. His father, who made a fortune as the inventor of a bicycle lamp, became an alcoholic. Beatrice died of hepatitis in a Chicago hospital May 10,1924, the Gordon String Quartet, which had made its first appearance at her home in 1921, played at Beatrices funeral. After his mothers death Welles ceased pursuing music and it was decided that he would spend the summer with the Watson family at a private art colony in Wyoming, New York, established by Lydia Avery Coonley Ward. There he played and became friends with the children of the Aga Khan, Welles briefly attended public school before his alcoholic father left business altogether and took him along on his travels to Jamaica and the Far East. When they returned they settled in a hotel in Grand Detour, Illinois, when the hotel burned down, Welles and his father took to the road again. During the three years that Orson lived with his father, some observers wondered who took care of whom, in some ways, he was never really a young boy, you know, said Roger Hill, who became Welless teacher and lifelong friend. Welles briefly attended school in Madison, Wisconsin, enrolled in the fourth grade. At Todd School, Welles came under the influence of Roger Hill, Hill provided Welles with an ad hoc educational environment that proved invaluable to his creative experience, allowing Welles to concentrate on subjects that interested him. Welles performed and staged theatrical experiments and productions there, Todd provided Welles with many valuable experiences, wrote critic Richard France
30.
Charles Laughton
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Charles Laughton was an English stage and film character actor, director, producer and screenwriter. Laughton was trained in London at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, in 1927, he was cast in a play with his future wife Elsa Lanchester, with whom he lived and worked until his death, they had no children. He played a range of classical and modern parts, making an impact in Shakespeare at the Old Vic. His film career took him to Broadway and then Hollywood, but he collaborated with Alexander Korda on notable British films of the era. He portrayed everything from monsters and misfits to kings, among Laughtons biggest film hits were The Barretts of Wimpole Street, Mutiny on the Bounty, Ruggles of Red Gap, Jamaica Inn, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and The Big Clock. In his later career, he took up directing, notably in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial. He directed one film, the thriller The Night of the Hunter, Laughton has been seen by one actor as one of the greatest performers of his generation. Daniel Day-Lewis cited him as one of his inspirations, saying and his generosity as an actor, he fed himself into that work. As an actor, you take your eyes off him. Laughton was born in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Eliza and Robert Laughton, a blue plaque marks his birthplace. He started work in the hotel, though also participating in amateur theatricals in Scarborough. Allowed by his family to become a student at RADA in 1925. Laughton made his first professional appearance on 28 April 1926 at the Barnes Theatre, as Osip in the comedy The Government Inspector and he impressed audiences with his talent and had classical roles in two Chekov plays, The Cherry Orchard and The Three Sisters. Laughton played the role as Harry Hegan in the world premiere of Seán OCaseys The Silver Tassie in 1928 in London. He played the roles in Arnold Bennetts Mr Prohack and as Samuel Pickwick in Mr Pickwick at the Theatre Royal in London. He played Tony Perelli in Edgar Wallaces On the Spot and William Marble in Payment Deferred and he took the last role across the Atlantic and made his United States debut on 24 September 1931, at the Lyceum Theatre. Laughton commenced his career in Britain while still acting on the London stage. He made an appearance as a disgruntled diner in another silent film Piccadilly with Anna May Wong in 1929
31.
Brown Derby
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The Brown Derby was the name of a chain of restaurants in Los Angeles, California. The first and most famous of these was shaped like a derby hat. It was opened by Wilson Mizner, there are five Brown Derby restaurants in five Ohio locations of Middleburg Heights, Canton, Lyndhurst, Medina and Streetsboro that are still in business today. The chain was started by Robert H. Cobb and Herbert Somborn and it is often incorrectly thought that the Brown Derby was a single restaurant, and the Wilshire Boulevard and Hollywood branches are frequently confused. Gus Girves started the Brown Derby chain in Ohio as Girves Brown Derby in 1941, opened in 1926, the original restaurant at 3427 Wilshire Boulevard remains the most famous due to its distinctive shape. Whimsical architecture was popular at the time, and the restaurant was designed to catch the eye of passing motorists, the Brown Derby name originated from a Malverne, New York-based restaurant of the same name which had been a popular hang-out for vaudevillians in the 1920s. It was founded by Wilson Mizner as a cafe, across the street from the popular Hollywood hot spot the Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel. Wilson was the front man, Herbert K. Somborn owned the property, Wilson Mizner sat in booth 50 almost every day. The cafe was successful enough to warrant building a second branch later, the original, derby-shaped building was moved in 1937 to 3377 Wilshire Boulevard at the northeast corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Alexandria Avenue, about a block from its previous location. After being sold in 1975 and renovated, the building was replaced in 1980 by a shopping center known as the Brown Derby Plaza. The domed structure was incorporated into the floor of the building. Due to its proximity to movie studios, it became the place to do deals, clark Gable is said to have proposed to Carole Lombard there. Rival gossip columnists Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper are recorded as regular patrons, in LA at Last, the first of the Hollywood episodes of I Love Lucy, Lucy, Ethel, and Fred have lunch at the Brown Derby. During the misadventure, the trio dines in a booth with Eve Arden on one side and this leads to the famous disaster scene in which Lucy inadvertently causes a waiter to hit Holden in the face with a pie. In 1947s Fun and Fancy Free component Mickey and the Beanstalk, before the scene closes, Willie notices The Brown Derby restaurant and picks up the restaurant looking for Mickey. Willie notices the restaurant looks like a hat, places it on his head, like its Wilshire Boulevard counterpart, it was the home of hundreds of celebrity drawings, paintings and caricatures. Jack Lane drew many of these caricatures between 1947 and 1985, another artist whose work was displayed was Nicholas Volpe. He was commissioned by the Brown Derby to paint portraits of up to 200 top recording artists to be displayed in the restaurants Hall of Fame Record Room, in addition, his Oscar-winning star portraits were displayed in the restaurants Academy Room, created for showing Volpes art
32.
Little Orphant Annie
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Little Orphant Annie is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled The Elf Child, the name was changed by Riley to Little Orphant Allie at its third printing, however, known as the Hoosier poet, Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was based a comic strip, plays, radio programs, television shows, and movies. The subject was inspired by Mary Alice Allie Smith, a living in the Riley home during her childhood. The poem contains four stanzas, the first introduces Annie and the second, each story tells of a bad child who is snatched away by goblins as a result of their misbehavior. The underlying moral and warning is announced in the stanza, telling children that they should obey their parents and be kind to the unfortunate. James Whitcomb Riley was a poet who achieved fame in the United States during late nineteenth. Little Orphant Annie is one of Whitcombs most well known poems, originally published in the Indianapolis Journal on November 15,1885 under the title The Elf Child, the poem was inspired by a girl named Mary Alice Allie Smith. Mary Alice Smith was born near Liberty, Union County Indiana 25 September 1850 and she lived on a small farm with her parents until both parents died when she was about nine years old. Some stories say that Marys mother died with she was young and her father, Peter Smith. Other evidence points to her father being incarcerated at the time, what ever the cause she was considered an orphan. Marys uncle, a John Rittenhouse, came to Union County and took the young orphan to his home in Greenfield where he dressed her in black and bound her out to earn her board and keep. Mary Alice was taken in by Captain Reuben Riley as a servant to help his wife Elizabeth Riley with the housework and her four children, John, James, Elva May. As was customary at that time, she worked alongside the family to earn her board, in the evening hours, she often told stories to the younger children, including Riley. The family called her a Guest not a servant and treated her like she was part of their family, Smith did not learn she was the inspiration for the character until the 1910s when she visited with Riley. Riley had previously presented a version of Mary Alice Smith in his short story “Where Is Mary Alice Smith. ”Published in The Indianapolis Journal of 30 September 1882. The plot of this short story was heavily incorporated into the 1918 movie adaptation as well as Johnny Gruelle’s 1921 storybook. Both “The Elf Child” and “Where Is Mary Alice Smith. ”Were printed in book form for the first time in 1885 in The Boss Girl. “The Elf Child” kept its title in its first two printings, but Riley decided to change its title to Little Orphant Allie in an 1889 printing
33.
James Whitcomb Riley
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James Whitcomb Riley was an American writer, poet, and best-selling author. During his lifetime he was known as the Hoosier Poet and Childrens Poet for his dialect works and his poems tended to be humorous or sentimental, and of the approximately one thousand poems that Riley authored, the majority are in dialect. His famous works include Little Orphant Annie and The Raggedy Man, Riley began his career writing verses as a sign maker and submitting poetry to newspapers. Thanks in part to an endorsement from poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Riley gradually rose in prominence during the 1880s through his poetry reading tours. He traveled a touring circuit first in the Midwest, and then nationally, holding shows, regularly struggling with his alcohol addiction, Riley never married or had children, and created a scandal in 1888 when he became too drunk to perform. He became more popular in spite of the bad press he received, Riley became a bestselling author in the 1890s. His childrens poems were compiled into a book and illustrated by Howard Chandler Christy, titled the Rhymes of Childhood, the book was his most popular and sold millions of copies. As a poet, Riley achieved a level of fame during his own lifetime. He was honored with annual Riley Day celebrations around the United States and was called on to perform readings at national civic events. He continued to write and hold occasional poetry readings until a stroke paralyzed his arm in 1910. Rileys chief legacy was his influence in fostering the creation of a cultural identity. Along with other writers of his era, he helped create a caricature of midwesterners, there are many memorials dedicated to Riley, including the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children. James Whitcomb Riley was born on October 7,1849, in the town of Greenfield, Indiana, Rileys father was an attorney, and in the year before Rileys birth, he was elected a member of the Indiana House of Representatives as a Democrat. He developed a friendship with James Whitcomb, the governor of Indiana, martin Riley, Rileys uncle, was an amateur poet who occasionally wrote verses for local newspapers. Riley was fond of his uncle who helped influence his early interest in poetry, shortly after Rileys birth, the family moved into a larger house in town. Riley was a boy, not talkative, who would often go about with one eye shut as he observed and speculated. His mother taught him to read and write at home before sending him to the community school in 1852. He found school difficult and was frequently in trouble, often punished, he had nothing kind to say of his teachers in his writings
34.
Carousel (film)
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Carousel is a 1956 film adaptation of the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical of the same name which, in turn, was based on Ferenc Molnárs non-musical play Liliom. The 1956 Carousel film stars Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, and was directed by Henry King. Billy and Julie marry and go to live at the spa of her cousin Nettie, but Billy becomes bitter because he is unable to find work. Mrs. Mullin, the carousel owner who is infatuated with him, hears of this and goes to Netties to offer Billy his old job back. Billy seems to be considering the idea when Julie asks to talk privately, Julie, fearing he will be enraged, timidly tells him she is pregnant. But Billy is overjoyed and now firmly refuses Mrs. Mullins offer, during a clambake, held on a nearby island, Billy and Jigger sneak to the mainland to commit the robbery, but Bascombe, who is usually unarmed, carries a gun and the robbery is foiled. While Bascombe is momentarily distracted, Jigger flees and leaves Billy at the mercy of the police, cornered, but trying to escape, Billy climbs atop a pile of crates, whereupon the pile collapses and Billy accidentally falls on his own knife. The others return from the clambake, and Julie sees the mortally wounded Billy and she rushes over to him and he dies after saying his last words to her. Julie is devastated because she loved him, even though she never had the courage to say it out loud. 15 years later, in the world, Billy is told that he can return to Earth for one day to make amends. Billy returns to find his daughter Louise emotionally scarred because she is taunted over the fact that her father tried to commit a robbery. Billy, not telling her who he is, makes himself visible, tries to cheer her up, Louise refuses it, frightened, and Billy, in desperation, slaps her hand. She rushes inside the house and informs Julie of what happened, saying that she did not feel a slap, but a kiss. Billy tries to make himself invisible before Julie can see him, but she has glimpsed him for just a split second and it was played on a separate machine synchronized with the picture. All of the prints of the film were composite prints. In the show, he stabs himself while standing on the pile of crates. The recitative singing in the scene, leading directly into the song If I Loved You, is turned into spoken dialogue. The recitative singing that leads directly into the song June Is Bustin Out All Over is eliminated
35.
His Girl Friday
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This was the second time the play had been adapted for the screen, the first occasion being the 1931 film also called The Front Page. The major change in version, introduced by Hawks, is that the role of Hildy Johnson is a woman. The film stars Cary Grant as Walter Burns and Rosalind Russell as Hildy Johnson, the film was #19 on American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Laughs and has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Due to a failure to renew the registration, the film entered the public domain in the United States in 1968. The 1928 play it is based on remains under copyright in the United States until 2024, Walter determines to sabotage these plans, enticing the reluctant Hildy to cover one last story, the upcoming execution of convicted murderer Earl Williams. Walter does everything he can to keep Hildy from leaving, including setting Bruce up so he arrested over and over again on trumped-up charges. He even kidnaps Hildys stern mother-in-law-to-be, when Williams escapes from the bumbling sheriff and practically falls into Hildys lap, the lure of a big scoop proves too much for her. She is so consumed with writing the story that she hardly notices as Bruce realizes his cause is hopeless, Walter and Hildy find out in time to save Williams from the gallows and they use the information to blackmail the mayor and sheriff into dropping Walters arrest for kidnapping. His Girl Friday was originally intended to be an adaptation of The Front Page. But during auditions, a woman, Howard Hawkss secretary, read reporter Hildy Johnsons lines, Hawks liked the way the dialogue sounded coming from a woman, resulting in the script being rewritten to make Hildy female and the ex-wife of editor Walter Burns. Most of the dialogue and all of the characters names were left the same, with the exception of Hildys fiancé. Hawks had great difficulty casting this film, while the choice of Cary Grant was almost instantaneous, the casting of Hildy was a more extended process. Jean Arthur was offered the part, and was suspended by the studio when she refused to take it, joan Crawford was reportedly also considered. Hawks then turned to Rosalind Russell, during filming, Russell noticed that Hawks treated her like an also-ran, so she confronted him, You dont want me, do you. Well, youre stuck with me, so you might as well make the most of it, the film had the working title of The Bigger They Are, and was in production from September 27 to November 21,1939. In her autobiography, Life Is A Banquet, Russell wrote that she thought her role did not have as many lines as Grants. With Hawks encouraging ad-libbing on the set, Russell was able to slip her writers work into the movie, only Grant was wise to this tactic and greeted her each morning saying, What have you got today. The film is noted for its rapid-fire repartee, using overlapping dialogue to make sound more realistic
36.
Cary Grant
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Cary Grant was a British-American actor, known as one of classic Hollywoods definitive leading men. He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s, and became known for his accent, debonair demeanor. He became an American citizen in 1942, Born in Horfield, Bristol, Grant became attracted to theatre at a young age, and began performing with a troupe known as The Penders from the age of six. After attending Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School in Bristol, he toured the country as a stage performer and he established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s. Along with the later Arsenic and Old Lace and I Was a Male War Bride, having established himself as a major Hollywood star, he was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor, for Penny Serenade and None but the Lonely Heart. In the 1940s and 1950s, Grant forged a relationship with the director Alfred Hitchcock, appearing in films such as Suspicion, Notorious, To Catch a Thief. Hitchcock admired Grant and considered him to have been the actor that he had ever loved working with. His comic timing and delivery made Grant what Premiere magazine considers to have quite simply. Grant was married five times, three of his marriages were elopements with actresses—Virginia Cherrill, Betsy Drake and Dyan Cannon and he has one daughter with Cannon, Jennifer Grant. After his retirement from acting in 1966, Grant pursued numerous business interests, representing cosmetics firm Fabergé. He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970, in 1999, the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema, after Humphrey Bogart. Grant was born Archibald Alec Leach on January 18,1904 at 15 Hughenden Road in the northern Bristol suburb of Horfield and he was the second child of Elias James Leach and Elsie Maria Leach. Elias, the son of a potter, worked as a tailors presser at a factory, while Elsie. Grants elder brother, John William Elias Leach, died of tuberculous meningitis, Grant considered himself to have been partly Jewish. He had an upbringing, his father was an alcoholic. Wanting the best for her son, Elsie taught Grant song and dance when he was four and she would occasionally take him to the cinema where he enjoyed the performances of Charlie Chaplin, Chester Conklin, Fatty Arbuckle, Ford Sterling, Mack Swain and Broncho Billy Anderson. Grant entered education when he was four-and-a-half and was sent to the Bishop Road Primary School, Bristol, another biographer, Geoffrey Wansell, notes that Elsie blamed herself bitterly for the death of Grants older brother John, and never recovered from it. Grant later acknowledged that his experiences with his fiercely independent mother affected his relationships with women later in life
37.
Rosalind Russell
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A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated. Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show Wonderful Town and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times throughout her career. She had a career span from the 1930s to the 1970s. Catherine Rosalind Russell was one of seven children born in Waterbury, Connecticut, to James Edward, a lawyer, and Clara A. Russell and she was named after a ship on which her parents had traveled. Her parents thought Russell was studying to become a teacher, and were unaware that she was planning to become a comedic actress, Russell started her career as a fashion model and was in many Broadway shows. Against parental objections, she took a job at a company for seven months at Saranac Lake and then Hartford. Afterwards, she moved to Boston, where she acted for a year at a group for Edward E. Clive. Later, she appeared in a revue in New York, there, she took voice lessons and built a career in the opera, which was short-lived due to her difficulty in reaching high notes. In the early 1930s, Russell went west to Los Angeles, when she first arrived on the lot, she was ignored by most of the crew and later told the press she felt terrible and humiliated at Universal, which affected her self-confidence. Unhappy with Universals leadership, and second-class studio status at the time, when MGM first approached her for a screen test, Russell was wary, remembering her experience at Universal. When she met MGMs Benny Thau and Ben Piazza, she was surprised and her screen test was directed by Harold S. Bucquet, and she later recalled that she was hired because of a closeup he took of her. Under contract to MGM, Russell debuted in Evelyn Prentice, although the role was small, she received good notices, with one critic saying that she was convincing as the woman scorned. She starred in comedies such as Forsaking All Others and Fours a Crowd, as well as dramas, including Craigs Wife. Russell was first acclaimed when she co-starred with Robert Young in the MGM drama West Point of the Air, One critic wrote, Rosalind Russell as the other woman in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young. She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, in her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated lady. This dissatisfied Russell, who claimed in a 1936 interview, Being typed as a lady is the greatest misfortune possible to a motion picture actress and it limits your characterizations, confines you to play feminine sops and menaces and the public never highly approves of either. I earnestly want to get away from this, first, because I want to improve my career and professional life and, secondly because I am tired of being a clothes horse – a sort of hothouse orchid in a stand of wild flowers. Russell approached director Frank Lloyd for help changing her image, but instead of helping her, in 1939, she was cast as catty gossip Sylvia Fowler in the all-female comedy The Women, directed by George Cukor
38.
The Sea Wolf (1941 film)
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The Sea Wolf is a 1941 American black-and-white film adaptation of Jack Londons novel The Sea Wolf with Edward G. Robinson, Ida Lupino, and John Garfield. The film was written by Robert Rossen and directed by Michael Curtiz, the Sea Wolf has several connections to the city of London, Ontario, aside from the source authors surname. Warner and cast member Gene Lockhart were both born in the city and cast member Alexander Knox attended university there, for these reasons, the films Canadian premiere was held at Londons Capitol Theatre. Refined fiction writer Humphrey van Weyden and escaped convict Ruth Webster are passengers on a ship that collides with another vessel and they are rescued by the Ghost, a seal-hunting ship. At the helm is the brutal Captain Wolf Larsen, an individual who delights in dominating and abusing his crew. Larsen refuses to return to early and forces van Weyden to work as the new cabin boy. Fortunately, it is, and she recovers, as time goes by, she comes to depend on Leach for protection and, despite himself, Leach falls in love with her. Most of the film is centered on Larsen’s peculiar character and he is very well read, yet cannot see anything useful in his education. When Prescott complains about the way he is treated, Larsen orders the crew to respect his dignity, only to conclude by kicking the man down stairs for his. Prescott climbs the mast and reveals that Larsens own brother, Death Larsen, another sea captain, is hunting him, having vowed to kill him, Leach and several other crewmen ambush Larsen and throw him and his first mate overboard. However, Larsen manages to grab a rope, climb back aboard. Larsen cannot afford to any men, so instead of punishing them, he betrays his informant. They drop him in the water, holding onto a rope for dear life, before they can pull him back in though, a shark bites off his leg. Eventually, Leach, Webster, van Weyden, and another crewman escape on a dory, however, they discover that the wily Larsen had replaced their water supply with vinegar. The fourth man later sacrifices himself by going overboard to help conserve the water they have. Larsen is subject to intense headaches that leave him temporarily blind and he knows that he will eventually lose his sight permanently. When Larsens brother catches up with him, a cannon shot holes the Ghost, the ship escapes into a fog bank, but Larsen goes blind again and his debility is revealed to all. The crew seizes the opportunity to take to the boats, then, van Weyden, Leach, and Webster sight the Ghost and, having no other choice, reboard her
39.
Jack London
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John Griffith Jack London was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. Some of his most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories To Build a Fire, An Odyssey of the North, and Love of Life. He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as The Pearls of Parlay and The Heathen, London was part of the radical literary group The Crowd in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers. He wrote several works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel The Iron Heel, his non-fiction exposé The People of the Abyss. Jack Londons mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth and youngest child of Pennsylvania Canal builder Marshall Wellman and his first wife, Marshall Wellman was descended from Thomas Wellman, an early Puritan settler in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Flora left Ohio and moved to the Pacific coast when her father remarried after her mother died, in San Francisco, Flora worked as a music teacher and spiritualist, claiming to channel the spirit of a Sauk chief, Black Hawk. Biographer Clarice Stasz and others believe Londons father was astrologer William Chaney, Flora Wellman was living with Chaney in San Francisco when she became pregnant. Whether Wellman and Chaney were legally married is unknown, most San Francisco civil records were destroyed by the extensive fires that followed the 1906 earthquake, nobody knows what name appeared on her sons birth certificate. Stasz notes that in his memoirs, Chaney refers to Londons mother Flora Wellman as having been his wife, according to Flora Wellmans account, as recorded in the San Francisco Chronicle of June 4,1875, Chaney demanded that she have an abortion. When she refused, he disclaimed responsibility for the child and she was not seriously wounded, but she was temporarily deranged. After giving birth, Flora turned the baby over for care to Virginia Prentiss and she was a major maternal figure throughout Londons life. Late in 1876, Flora Wellman married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, the family moved around the San Francisco Bay Area before settling in Oakland, where London completed public grade school. He wrote to William Chaney, then living in Chicago, Chaney concluded by saying that he was more to be pitied than London. London was devastated by his fathers letter, in the following, he quit school at Berkeley. London was born near Third and Brannan Streets in San Francisco, the house burned down in the fire after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the California Historical Society placed a plaque at the site in 1953. Although the family was working class, it was not as impoverished as Londons later accounts claimed, in 1885, London found and read Ouidas long Victorian novel Signa. He credited this as the seed of his literary success, in 1886, he went to the Oakland Public Library and found a sympathetic librarian, Ina Coolbrith, who encouraged his learning. In 1889, London began working 12 to 18 hours a day at Hickmotts Cannery, seeking a way out, he borrowed money from his foster mother Virginia Prentiss, bought the sloop Razzle-Dazzle from an oyster pirate named French Frank, and became an oyster pirate
40.
Jeanne Eagels (film)
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Jeanne Eagels is a 1957 American biographical film loosely based on the life of stage star Jeanne Eagels. Distributed by Columbia Pictures, the film was produced and directed by George Sidney from a screenplay by John Fante, Daniel Fuchs and Sonya Levien, the film stars Kim Novak in the title role. Jeff Chandler, Charles Drake, Agnes Moorehead, Larry Gates, Virginia Grey, Gene Lockhart, many aspects of Eagels real life were omitted or largely fictionalized. Eagels family later sued Columbia Pictures over the way Eagels was depicted in the film, Jeanne Eagels is a Kansas City waitress. After losing a carnivals beauty contest, she asks carny owner Sal Satori for a job and her dancing in a skimpy costume is accused of being obscene. Sal decides to join his brother in New York and invites Jeanne to join them in an amusement park at Coney Island, taking acting lessons instead, the ambitious Jeanne becomes the understudy in a Broadway show and a star when she gets a chance to play the part. A once successful actress named Elsie Desmond wants to make a comeback in a new play, Elsie denounces her in the theater before the first performance, then commits suicide. Sal is disgusted by Jeannes behavior as well and she accepts a proposal from a neer-do-well named John Donahue, but both descend into alcoholism. Jeanne misses performances and causes fellow actors to lose out on paychecks and her situation deteriorates further when shes required to pay alimony to John after a divorce. A new play fails because Jeanne, drunk and on pills, the actors guild suspends her for 18 months. Unable to work, she returns to Sals amusement park and is offered a job dancing, another performer sexually assaults her in a dressing room. Jeanne, her life in ruins, continues to spiral downward, while trying to make it to a stage one night, she collapses on the staircase and dies. The film was planned as a vehicle for Kim Novak. Jeff Chandler had just finished a long term contract with Universal. Novaks dress caught on fire during filming and Chandler had to put it out, half Of My Heart, written George W. The box set includes the films Picnic, Bell, Book and Candle, Middle of the Night. List of American films of 1957 Monder, Eric, Jeanne Eagels at the Internet Movie Database Jeanne Eagels at the TCM Movie Database Jeanne Eagels at AllMovie Jeanne Eagels at the American Film Institute Catalog
41.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
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Hollywood Boulevard
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West of Laurel Canyon, it continues as a residential street and ending at Sunset Plaza Drive. The eastern end of Hollywood Boulevard passes through Little Armenia and Thai Town, parts of the boulevard are popular tourist destinations. Prior to Hollywood Boulevard, the street was named Prospect Avenue until 1910, after annexation, the street numbers changed from 100 Prospect Avenue, at Vermont Avenue, to 6400 Hollywood Boulevard. In the early 1920s, real estate developer Charles E. Toberman envisioned a thriving Hollywood theatre district, Toberman was involved in 36 projects while building the Max Factor Building, Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and the Hollywood Masonic Temple. With Sid Grauman, he opened the three themed theatres, Egyptian, El Capitan, and Chinese, and was inspired to write Here Comes Santa Claus with Oakley Haldeman. In 1958, the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which runs from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, was created as a tribute to artists working in the entertainment industry, the El Capitan Theatre was refurbished in 1991 then damaged in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The full El Capitan building was restored and upgraded in December 1997. The Hollywood Entertainment District, a business improvement district, was formed for the properties from La Brea to McCadden on the boulevard. The Hollywood extension of the Metro Red Line subway was opened in June 1999, stops on Hollywood Boulevard are located at Western Avenue, Vine Street, and Highland Avenue. Metro Local lines 180,181, and 217, and Metro Rapid line 780 also serve Hollywood Boulevard, an anti-cruising ordinance prohibits driving on parts of the boulevard more than twice in four hours. Beginning in 1995, then Los Angeles City Council member Jackie Goldberg initiated efforts to clean up Hollywood Boulevard, central to these efforts was the construction of the Hollywood and Highland Center and adjacent Dolby Theatre in 2001. In early 2006, the city made revamping plans on Hollywood Boulevard for future tourists, the three-part plan was to exchange the original streetlights with red stars into two-headed old-fashioned streetlights, put in new palm trees, and put in new stoplights. The renovations were completed in late 2006, in the few years leading up to 2007, more than $2 billion was spent on projects in the neighborhood, including mixed-use retail and apartment complexes and new schools and museums. A popular event that takes place on the Boulevard is the transformation of the street to a Christmas theme. Shops and department stores attract customers by lighting their stores and the street with decorated Christmas trees. The street essentially becomes Santa Claus Lane, list of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood Hollywood Chamber of Commerce
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By Your Leave
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By Your Leave is a 1934 American domestic comedy film directed by Lloyd Corrigan from a script by Allan Scott, Lewis Foster, and Sam Mintz. The screenplay was based on a play of the name by Gladys Hurlbut. Wells, which had a run early in the year at the Morosco Theatre. Both stars were on loan to RKO from other studios and it marked the film debuts of two notable Broadway actors, Glenn Anders and Gene Lockhart, the latter of which had a lengthy Hollywood career. By Your Leave opened on November 9,1934, and received positive reviews. Henry and Ellen Smith are a married couple who have settled into a routine life in the suburbs of New York. Henry feels that the spice has gone out of their marriage, when the couple comes into a financial windfall, Henry suggests that they take separate vacations. Reluctantly, Ellen agrees, and Henry departs to test the waters of New York Citys nightlife, in the city, he meets up with Skeets, and the two go out on the town, eventually ending up pursuing Gloria Dawn and her friend Merle, Broadway dancers. Upon her arrival she meets the world traveler, David McKenzie. When Henry and Skeets fail to connect with the dancers, Henry meets up with an old friend, Freddie Wilkens, unbeknownst to Henry, Freddie knows that Helen is in town also looking for some fun, and he intends to provide it. He sets Henry up with a prostitute, and then goes to seduce Helen, while Henry takes his date, Andree, out for the evening, Helen is busy turning down the advances of Freddie. After Freddies departure, Helen seeks out McKenzie, who takes her to dinner, as the night wears on, the amorous entanglements of both the husband and wife progress. McKenzie is receptive to becoming involved with Helen, and takes her to his yacht following dinner and he tells her he is sailing the following day. Meanwhile, Andree is also open to having things proceed further with Henry. As they do, McKenzie takes Helen back to her suite, there, things heat up between the two, and he asks her to go away with him when he sets sail. In Henrys suite, he realizes things are going too fast. Upon his return to their home, he is upset by the fact that Helen is not at home, in Helens suite, she is confused by the effect that McKenzies attention is having on her. Putting him off, she tells him that she give him an answer in the morning
