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Arthur Adams (comics)
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For other people named Arthur Adams, see the Arthur Adams disambiguation page Arthur Art Adams is an American comic book artist and writer. He first broke into the American comic book industry with the 1985 Marvel Comics miniseries Longshot and he has done design work for toys and video games, and miniature busts have been produced based on his renditions of notable characters. Arthur Adams was born on April 5,1963 in Holyoke and his father was a loadmaster in the United States Air Force, and as a result, Adams frequently moved with his parents and four younger brothers to places that included West Virginia. When Adams was five years old, the family settled in Vacaville, California, Adams first exposure to superhero and monster comics came through the ones his mother would buy for him once a month at a thrift store. He particularly liked Marvel Comics for their stories with characters like the Thing. He also enjoyed superhero and science fiction programming, such as Super Friends, Adams enjoyed drawing frequently in his youth, as far back as he could remember. He discovered the work of Frank Frazetta when he was 13 or 14, which was an early influence on him. Adams did not consider illustration as a profession, however, as he aspired to be a paleontologist and his interest in professional paleontology waned, however, when he realized that the extreme climates of the environments in which he would be required to work were not appealing to him. Adams would subsequently seek out work by artists, and names as influences Barry Windsor-Smith, Mike Kaluta, Bernie Wrightson. Simonson and his wife, Louise Simonson, became friends and collaborators with Adams. Adams names Simonson and Golden as his two largest artistic influences, Adams also says he was influenced by Jack Kirby after he became a professional artist. In a 1997 interview, Adams responded to the observation that fans had noticed a manga influence in his work by stating that he had likely influenced by Masamune Shirou. After a female classmate Adams was attracted to talked him into joining the club, Adams also considered becoming an actor. He quit acting when he turned 19, in order to concentrate on drawing and that series editor, Roy Thomas, paid Adams $10 to publish the piece as a fan pinup. Because of the popularity of the X-Men, he included a Wolverine story in his portfolio and he would later become closely associated with the X-Men in his early career. After showing his portfolio to editor Bob Schreck at a Creation Convention, he gained permission to set up a table and he began submitting samples to Marvel Comics when he was 18, taking a job at a pizzeria after graduating high school. In 1982 he was given a job illustrating One-Eyed Jack. Adams first professional job came about after he met Joe Rubinstein at a Creation Convention, though Adams completed the story, the series was canceled before his story was published, and Adams returned to submitting samples while working at the pizzeria
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Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
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Uncanny X-Men
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Uncanny X-Men, originally published as The X-Men, is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics since 1963, and is the longest-running series in the X-Men comics franchise. It features a team of superheroes called the X-Men, a group of mutants with superhuman abilities led, the title was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, met with a lukewarm reception, and was eventually cancelled in 1970. Interest was rekindled with 1975s Giant-Size X-Men and the debut of a new, initially published bi-monthly, it became a monthly with issue #14. The series was placed firmly in the Marvel Universe, with guest appearances by Namor in #6, the jungle adventure hero Ka-Zar and the Savage Land were introduced in issue #10. Roy Thomas wrote the series from #20 to #44, Thomas and artist Werner Roth created the Banshee in #28. The X-Men #45 featured a crossover with The Avengers #53, after a battle with the Hulk in issue #66, the title ceased publishing original material and featured reprints in issues #67 through #93. X-Men was relaunched in May 1975 with Giant-Size X-Men #1, by Len Wein, the title featured a new, international, team consisting of Cyclops, Banshee, Sunfire and Wolverine, along with new characters Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus and Thunderbird. The original plan was to continue Giant-Size X-Men as a quarterly, chris Claremonts first issue as writer, #94, had all the original X-Men leave, along with Sunfire, Thunderbird was killed in #95. Moira MacTaggert, an ally of the X-Men, and later to be established as a former fiancée of Xavier. Marvel Girl became the Phoenix in issue #101 and this was followed by the first Shiar space opera story. Cockrum was replaced as penciller by John Byrne as of #108, Byrne became co-plotter, and during his run the series became a monthly title again. In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrnes run on The X-Men second on its list of the Top 10 1970s Marvels. The Dark Phoenix Saga in 1980 led to a change in the line-up of the team, with the death of Phoenix, and Cyclops leaving the team to mourn for her. Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that The Dark Phoenix Saga is to Claremont and Byrne what the Galactus Trilogy is to Stan Lee and it is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators work at the height of their abilities. The new teenage mutant Kitty Pryde was introduced in #129 and joined the X-Men in #139, the Dazzler, a disco-singing, roller-skating mutant, was introduced in #130, but did not join the team, instead headlining her own solo title. Byrne plotted the story wanting to depict the Sentinels as a threat to the existence of the mutant race. Mystiques Brotherhood changed sides and became the government-backed Freedom Force in #199 and their first action was to capture Magneto, who had begun associating with the X-Men during the Secret Wars II crossover. Magneto surrenders himself, but escapes after his trial is abandoned, the Morlocks, a group of disfigured mutants living underneath New York City, were introduced in #169
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Chris Bachalo
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Chris Bachalo is a Canadian comic book illustrator known for his quirky, cartoon-like style. He became well known for stints on DC Comics’ Shade, the Changing Man, Chris has also illustrated several of Marvel Comics’ X-Men-related series, including Generation X, X-Men vol 2, Uncanny X-Men, and Ultimate X-Men. Beginning in April,2000 Chris illustrated his creator-owned series Steampunk, Bachalo was born in Canada but was raised in Southern California. He has told interviewers that, as a child, he wanted to be a carpenter until he discovered he was allergic to dust and he attended the California State University at Long Beach, where he majored in graphic art and illustrated a few underground comics. After graduation, Bachalo sought work in the comic book industry. His first published assignment was The Sandman #12, part of the The Dolls House story arc, for DC Comics. Although before working on issue, DC had already hired him as the regular artist for Shade, the Changing Man. Bachalo’s early work shows influence from Sam Kieth, Bill Sienkiewicz. As his style developed, however, Bachalo’s work became more idiosyncratic and his early 1990s style is minimalist with strong, thick lines, quirky characters and little concern for realism. Bachalo did not shy away from detailed landscapes but showed a penchant for pages with many small panels. In 1993, writer Neil Gaiman selected Bachalo for the Sandman miniseries Death, at the time, Sandman was one of the most popular and acclaimed series in the industry and the miniseries helped boost Bachalo’s visibility. The creative pair also reunited for Death, The Time of Your Life in 1996, after working at Marvel, Bachalo briefly returned to DC in 1999 for The Witching Hour mini-series with writer Jeph Loeb for Vertigo. While at DC Comics, Bachalo illustrated the first issue of X-Men Unlimited, based on the success and fanfare from X-Men Unlimited #1, in 1994, Bachalo ended his stint on Shade and began working for Marvel Comics. He then illustrated the first three issues of Ghost Rider 2099, one of in a line of series reinventing popular Marvel characters in the year 2099 and he also drew a cover for Runaways. However, he was assigned to create a new junior team of X-Men with Uncanny X-Men writer Scott Lobdell. Generation X became a hit with the series’ namesake due to Lobdell’s realistically cynical and emotionally immature teen characters and Bachalo’s atypical artwork. Bachalo illustrated the series much of its first three years, taking a break in late 1995 and early 1996 to illustrate the second Death miniseries, Death. During his time on Generation X, Bachalo’s artwork underwent a change, heavily influenced by Joe Madureira, Bachalos characters became more cartoony and manga-like, with large eyes, heads and hands
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Banshee (comics)
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Banshee is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Werner Roth, the character first appeared in X-Men #28, an Irish mutant, Banshee possesses a sonic scream, capable of harming enemies’ auditory systems and causing physical vibrations. He is named after the banshee, a legendary ghost from Irish mythology, a former Interpol agent and NYPD police officer, Banshee was always a decade older than most of the X-Men and had only a relatively short tenure as a full-time X-Man. He was a mentor of the 1990s-era junior team Generation X. Caleb Landry Jones played the role of Banshee in 2011s X-Men, Banshee was created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Werner Roth, and first appeared in X-Men #28. When the character first appeared, he acted as an adversary to the X-Men under coercion, the character was forced to leave the team when his superpowers were damaged in battle in Uncanny X-Men #119, and remained an occasional supporting character for the team for several years. Banshee eventually healed fully, and rejoined the team in Uncanny X-Men #254 for a stint, later becoming a central figure in the title Generation X. Banshee was killed in issue #2 of the 2006 X-Men, Deadly Genesis limited series, Banshee was one of the feature characters in the 2011 two-issue limited series Chaos War, X-Men. Sean Cassidy is discovered by the villainous Changeling who invites him to join Factor Three, Cassidy declines upon learning Factor Threes goals. Factor Three, with the Ogre, captures him and places a headband containing explosives around his head to him to obey their commands. Codenamed after the banshee, a spirit from Irish mythology, Cassidy is forced to perform various missions for Factor Three. On a mission in New York City, Banshee encounters the X-Men, professor Charles Xavier uses his telepathy to disarm the headband and remove it, allowing Banshee to help the X-Men defeat Factor Three. Later, Factor Three captures him again but he helps the X-Men defeat Factor Threes ally, the Sentinels capture him, but he is released from their captivity. While on the run from the Secret Empire, he fights Captain America, Banshee joins the second group of X-Men. After a mission at Krakoa, Banshee remains with the New X-Men, while with the X-Men, he falls in love with Xaviers ex-girlfriend, Dr. Moira MacTaggert. Alongside the X-Men, he fights his cousin Black Tom Cassidy, when Banshee loses the use of his powers due to damaged vocal cords, he leaves the X-Men to stay with MacTaggert. Meanwhile, Black Tom was secretly raising Banshees daughter, Theresa and she develops sonic powers of her own and adopts the name Siryn. Siryn assists Black Tom with his crimes until the pair is defeated by Spider-Woman, while in custody, Tom makes arrangements for Siryn to be reunited with her father. Banshees powers gradually return as he heals and he remains an ally of the X-Men and he reveals an encounter with Wolverine that occurred before either of them joined the X-Men
6.
Chamber (comics)
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Jonothon Jono Evan Starsmore, better known as Chamber or Decibel, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is associated with the X-Men and the New Warriors. A British mutant, Jono possessed the ability to cast energy blasts from his chest and he had limited control of his power and destroyed much of his chest and lower face when his powers emerged. Recently, he lost his powers on M Day and now uses technology to give himself sonic based abilities, Jono was a member of the X-Mens junior team Generation X, although he was sullen and moody and had difficulty bonding with teammates. He has since offered a permanent position in the X-Mens teaching staff. Created by writer Scott Lobdell and artist Chris Bachalo, he first appeared in Generation X #1, Jonothon Evan Starsmore is a native of London and a mutant who possesses a furnace of psionic energy in his chest. This power first manifested in an explosion during a party he was attending with then girlfriend Gayle Edgerton and its initial manifestation destroyed much of his chest and lower face and crippled Gayle. As a result of his disfiguration, Jono can only speak via telepathy and this is further supported by the fact that Jono is immune to the Death Factor of Omega Red, meaning that he is not sustained by life force. The primary manifestation of his abilities is his ability to fire blasts of psionic force. His disfiguration also left Jono sullen and angry and his teammates have often found him difficult to get along with, shortly after his mutant powers manifested, Jonothon accepted an invitation to join Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters. At the airport, he was attacked by Emplate, an evil mutant who feeds on mutant genetic material to survive. Shortly after, Chamber convinced the crazed Penance to stop attacking the team, as he could sympathize with her freakish appearance, Emplate captured Chamber with Gayles help, and then imprisoned both of them. Gayle blamed Jono for ruining her life, but the two managed to get over the pain after the rest of Generation X freed them. Although he rebuilt bridges with her later, he returned to the same mind-set. Their friendship was strained for the rest of the time spent together. Jonos greatest victory during the time he was with Generation X was when Banshee was attacked by the mutant serial killer Omega Red, despite his time at the school, Jono was never able to gain full control of his abilities. Chamber grew even more depressed when he saw that Synch, who could duplicate a nearby mutants powers, was proficient with Chambers own powers than Chamber himself was. When the school was outed as harboring mutant students, an anti-mutant group attacked the school, after Synch was killed preventing a bomb from killing nearby human students, the Generation X kids felt that their training was over, and they had to use their powers to help humanity
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Emma Frost
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Emma Grace Frost is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. The character first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129, and was created by writer Chris Claremont, Frost belongs to a subspecies of humanity called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. She is a telepath with a well-noted, dry wit. The character appears in many adaptations of the X-Men properties, such as games, animated programs. January Jones portrayed Emma Frost in the 2011 film X-Men, First Class, other portrayals of the character include actress Finola Hughes in the 1996 film Generation X. From her initial appearance as the White Queen of the Hellfire Club, Emma Frost first appeared in the famous storyline The Dark Phoenix Saga, in Uncanny X-Men #129. The character was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist/co-writer John Byrne, Emma Frost was specifically inspired by Emma Peel, played by actress Diana Rigg, who famously dons a provocative corset, collar, and boots and becomes the Queen of Sin. After The Dark Phoenix saga, Emma Frost frequently appeared in storylines in Uncanny X-Men. In March 1986, Tom DeFalco, Mary Wilshire, and Steve Leialoha were the team for the four issue Firestar miniseries. This series showcased Frost as the villain as she attempted to turn Angelica Jones into her own personal weapon. This led to her becoming a character of the spin-off series Generation X which began in November 1994 under the creative eyes of Scott Lobdell, Chris Bachalo. The series ended after over 75 issues with Brian Wood, Ron Lim, Sandu Florea, the series offered glimpses into her past before her days in the Hellfire Club, as well as introducing her sisters Adrienne and Cordelia. After the series ended and all the X-Titles were revamped, in 2001 Frost appeared in New X-Men as a teacher for the mutant population of Genosha, which was then controlled by Magneto. After a Sentinel strike leveled the island nation, the X-Men found Frost amidst the rubble with a mutation which hardened her skin to a diamond-like density. Using Frost as a character was suggested to writer Grant Morrison on his website by a fan, while Morrison initially had no plans to use her, the death of the character Colossus left Morrison with an opening. He created Emmas secondary mutation – a super strong diamond form – as a replacement for Colossus powers and this would lead to her instigating an affair with fellow X-Man Cyclops, who was having marital difficulties with Jean Grey. This series also provided further glimpses into her past, introducing her father Winston Frost, in August 2003, writer Karl Bollers penned an ongoing series showcasing her origins titled Emma Frost. The series, which lasted for 18 issues, began during her days as a school student
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Gaia (Marvel Comics)
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Gaia, also known as the Guardian of the Universal Amalgamator, is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as possibly a mutant or extraterrestrial, created by Larry Hama, she first appeared in Generation X #37. Gaia was apparently the safeguard that was supposed to prevent the Amalgamator from being activated by malicious people and she even claimed that her entire galaxy was wiped out at one point for her refusing to activate the Amalgamator. However, when M-Plate, the synthesis of Emplate and M, tried to have Synch use his power to tap into Gaias and activate the Amalgamator, Everett refused. The Citadel of the Universal Amalgamator began to crumble around them and Generation X wanted to leave, banshee thought him lost but Gaia knew of a secret portal that was hidden underneath the altar that she had been chained to and—coincidentally—led back near the Academy. With the Amalagamator destroyed, Gaia was freed from her responsibility, when she was seen next, she had gotten into an accident with a sports car and had pink hair, probably courtesy of her reality-shaping powers. The policeman who came to the wreck knew of the Academy and she lost some of her abilities to the Shadow Kings telepathic shockwave, and stayed with Gen X, hoping to sort out that difficulty with their help. She appeared to have feelings for Synch, and flirted with him a lot. Gaia formally enrolled in the Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters, but left after a time, saying that she wanted to experience Earth. This announcement came after a difficult experience with her nascent empathy. It is unknown if Gaia was one of the 90-95% of mutants who lost their mutant powers on M-Day due to the Scarlet Witchs tamperings, since she is from another dimension she may possibly be immune from her reality warping powers. She is capable of warping reality to a degree, although she is largely inexperienced with this power. Gaia also appears to be extremely long lived or completely immortal as she stated that she visited Earth 600 years ago
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Husk (comics)
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Husk is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Guthrie is a associated with the X-Men. A mutant, Husk has the ability to remove one layer of skin - or husk - revealing an epidermis of a different composition beneath and she often changes into metal or stone form, but can shift into a variety of substances. Husk is from a Kentucky coal mining family and is the sister of the X-Mens Cannonball. Unlike her brother, Husk is self-conscious of being seen as a hick, as a member of the X-Mens 1990s-era junior team Generation X, she established herself as an overachiever. Husk would then become a permanent member of Generation X, originally created by Scott Lobdell and this run would be responsible for defining and expanding her personality and mutant abilities. During the X-Mens Schism, Husk joined Cannonball and threw in with Wolverines side in X-Men, Regenesis #1, Husk appears regularly as a supporting character in Wolverine and the X-Men from issue #2 onward. The sister of the X-Man Cannonball, Paige Guthrie was born to a large Kentucky coal miners family and her father died when she was very young, due to a lung affliction from working in the mines. As a teenager, she discovers her inborn mutant ability to shed her skin and she has used this power to turn her body into stone, glass, and an acid-like substance, among other materials. She can also use her power to herself by shedding a damaged form in favor of an intact one. She normally cannot change the shape of her form, only its composition, although an issue of X-Force and she also develops a troubled relationship with her antisocial teammate Chamber. Towards the end of the existence, Paige became the groups computer expert. After the breakup of Generation X, Husk joins Banshees militant X-Corps, along with other Gen X members and this does not end well, with Banshees more criminal charges staging a coup and the Gen X members having to take down the Blob. The two took a leave of absence. Her younger brother Jay later joined the new New Mutants team under the codename Icarus and her sister Melody also joined the school as Aero after discovering she could fly. Aero has since been depowered after M-Day, although Paige herself retains her powers, Icarus was later killed following the events of M-Day, in a confrontation with the anti-mutant activisit William Stryker and his army. The resulting battles also take the lives of dozens of other students and she is most often seen in the current New X-Men title while tending to the wounded. In her last major appearance, she attended the funeral of her little brother, the first issue of Divided We Stand revealed that Paige had returned to living with her family
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Jubilee (comics)
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Jubilee is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. She is a mutant with the power to generate pyrotechnic energy plasmoids from her hands. A mall rat, she was the X-Mens youngest member in the early 1990s, Jubilee eventually joined the junior team Generation X. She was a prominent character in the 1990s-era X-Men animated series, in late 2004, Marvel launched a self-titled series for Jubilee set in Los Angeles, written by Robert Kirkman and covers by Casey Jones, it was cancelled after six issues. She also has appearances in the first three X-Men films, where she is portrayed by Katrina Florece in X-Men, and by Kea Wong in X2 and X-Men. In X-Men, Apocalypse, she is portrayed by Lana Condor, Jubilee is one of the depowered mutant characters who later reappeared using technology-based powers in the New Warriors comic series. She has since turned into a vampire. Jubilee was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Marc Silvestri and she appeared regularly as an X-Men team member in Uncanny X-Men through issue #280, and later was a staple of X-Men as a member of the X-Mens Blue Team. During the same timeframe, Jubilee also serves as Wolverines sidekick in Wolverine #40–75, after the dissolution of Generation X, Jubilee returned to the pages of Uncanny X-Men, first as a member of the X-Corporation, and later as a team member in her own right. Jubilee had a six-issue self-titled limited series in 2005, but lost her mutant powers in House of M – The Day After #1 and she then adopted the alias Wondra and joined the reconstituted New Warriors in New Warriors #1–20. Jubilee was affected with vampirism in X-Men #1 and remained a character on that title through issue #27. Contemporaneously, she saw print in her limited series, Wolverine. Jubilee most recently features as a character in the all-female X-Men #1–25. The daughter of two prosperous Chinese immigrants, Jubilation Jubilee Lee was born in Beverly Hills, California, where she lived with her wealthy parents, an immensely talented gymnast, she was believed to have the potential to participate in the Olympic Games. However, her life was destroyed when her parents were murdered by the hitmen Reno, Jubilee was sent to an orphanage, but she ran away and hid in the Hollywood Mall, stealing food to survive. She first discovered her mutant power to generate blinding and explosive energy plasmoids while running away from mall security, the stress of running away from the security guards caused Jubilee to emit a large light energy blast while in a back alley. This completely disoriented the men and allowed her to escape, upon learning about her mutant ability, she realized she could earn money by using her powers to entertain customers in the mall. The mall security attempted to put an end to her unauthorized performances and they hired the M-Squad, a company of professional mutant hunters, to capture her
11.
M (comics)
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M is a fictional comic book superheroine, a mutant who appears in the X-Men family of books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Scott Lobdell and artist Chris Bachalo, she originally was a member of the mutant group Generation X. She is now seen in Uncanny X-Men, Monets faith adds Muslims to the list of minority groups that X-Men stories and characters are interpreted to allegorize. Monet St. Croix was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia during a ski trip and is the second child of the rich and eccentric Monegasque Cartier St. Croix. She grew up as a pompous and spoiled rich girl as a result of being the child of her father. She was also raised as a Muslim, shortly after her mother’s mysterious death, her brother Marius, the vampiric mutant known as Emplate, was banished from the St. Croix home. He eventually returned after learning the arts and requested that Monet join him in conquering another dimension. She cruelly rejected his offer and after finally having enough of his sisters ridicule, Marius transformed her into a red-skinned, untouchable, Monets younger sisters, Nicole and Claudette, heard the commotion and quickly went to her room. When they could not find Monet, they assumed that Marius had killed her, the twins then banished him to another dimension while Monet followed, believing it was her only way to revert to normal. Afraid their father would break down after the loss of his favorite child and this version of Monet would have been identical to the original if it were not for Claudettes autism which would sometimes take effect, leaving Monet in catatonic stupors. Subsequently while the twins were impersonating their sister, they were among the new generation of mutants captured by the alien race known as the Phalanx. The twins helped to battle the Phalanx until she and the other mutants were rescued by Banshee. The group soon formed the Generation X team with Sean and Emma acting as co-headmasters of the new school designed to train them in the use of their powers, shortly after the school opens, Banshee, Synch, and Jubilee go to the airport to welcome new student Chamber. The twins remain at the school, and are reunited with the Australian teleporter Gateway, however, Gateways return serves to warn them of the return of their evil brother. The twins convince Gateway to teleport them, Husk, Skin, and Emma Frost to the airport, though the twins recognize Emplate and address him as such, he says he cannot determine their name. In addition, Emplate knows for a fact they are not Monet, as the true Monet has been his prisoner, rather than face the full might of Generation X, Emplate decides to retreat. The twins try to stop him from fleeing, but are forced to stop telepathically by Emma, the twins are furious at her interruption and warn her never to enter their mind again. Shortly after returning to the school, Gateway reappears on the front lawn, this time with the true Monet, Gateway utters a single word, Penance, and this is assumed to be the unfortunate girls name by the others
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Penance (X-Men)
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Hollow is an apparently mindless body which three members of the St Croix family, all members of the Marvel Comics superhero team Generation X, had been trapped in at some time. The body possesses red diamond-like skin and rarely speaks, Penance first appeared in Generation X #1, and was created by Scott Lobdell and Chris Bachalo. Hollow appeared as a character in Avengers Academy beginning with issue #21. Monet St. Croix is the sister of Marius, Claudette, when her brother Marius, who would later become the mutant Emplate, first manifests his powers, the conceited Monet often verbally abused him. An enraged Emplate transforms her body into a hardened, spiked, red state and he then tells her to consider this your penance. Claudette, realizing how dangerous their brother is becoming, banishes him to his own pocket dimension, Nicole and Claudette, knowing Monet was their parents favorite, decide to merge into one body with the appearance of Monet. As the team leaves, Penance awakens with one thought on her mind, perceiving the infirmary as a cell, she escapes, tearing the room apart in the process. Hearing the alarms of a breach, the team rushes to the infirmary and is amazed at the damage she caused, the team splits up to find her before she can cause further damage to the Academy. Team member Chamber, feeling a kindred spirit due to his own mutilated body, feeling that another deformed soul would seek him out, he waited for her arrival. During her stay at the Academy, she would interact with her peers, due to her animalistic nature from years of torture at Emplates hands. Fortunately, perhaps due to Jubilees time with the feral mutant Wolverine, she becomes a friend to Penance, gradually beginning to trust her friends more, Penance begins to go on missions with and assist her teammates. Penance later recovers, off-panel, without explanation shortly after an attack by Omega Red, Emplate later returns to reclaim Penance, and while she is captured with the rest of Generation X, her allegiance is momentarily unclear. Curiously enough, it is during these events that Emplate reveals he is Monets older brother and he refers to Penance for the first time as Yvette, although this name would eventually be retconned. Penance eventually sides with Generation X and attacks Emplate, leading to his retreat, during the events of Operation, Zero Tolerance, Generation X is attacked by Prime Sentinels in Skins hometown of east Los Angeles. During the battle, Monet urges Synch to synch with her invulnerability to ensure his survival, in the process, he realizes that she is actually two girls, shortly before they are buried under debris. Synch rescues her, only to discover that his teammate has now split back into the forms of Nicole. The mystery of the twins and Monet would remain unsolved until Emplate again returned, Generation X prevents this, thanks largely to unlikely ally Dirtnap, who not only swallows M-Plate whole, but soon after explodes, restoring Emplate and the twins to their separate bodies. However, during their time as one entity, their secrets were exposed to other
13.
Skin (Marvel Comics)
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Skin is a fictional mutant in the Marvel Universe of comics. The character first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #317, Angelo Espinosa was a former gang member from the east Los Angeles area who faked his own death to leave that part of his life behind. Skin was one of four young mutants abducted by the Phalanx, the reason behind the abductions was so that the Phalanx could uncover the secret behind their inability to assimilate mutants into their collective. Afterwards, Skin accepted an invitation to enroll in the Massachusetts Academy, the X-Cutioner did not know that Skin, in fact, was Angelo Espinosa. Skin and Chamber succeeded in defeating the vigilante, but kept the secret, during Operation, Zero Tolerance, Skin and his teammates found themselves transported to his hometown by Glorian. While searching for Skins cousin Gil, they were captured by Skins ex-girlfriend Tores, before she got the chance, Prime Sentinels attacked both Generation X and her gang, forcing them into a reluctant temporary truce. Skin and Tores acted as bait to lead the Sentinels into an ambush, after the Academy closed due to the machinations of Adrienne Frost, Skin returned to Los Angeles with Jubilee in tow. Some time later, Skin and Jubilee, along with Magma, Bedlam, and this action was done by the Church of Humanity, a militant, religious anti-mutant organization. Archangel used his bloods healing properties to revive Jubilee and Magma but Bedlam, the girls argued with the foreman, but he insisted that it was against the religious convictions of the cemetery to bury mutants. He offered to cremate Angelos remains and give them to the girls, Skin was later resurrected by means of the Transmode Virus to serve as part of Selenes army of deceased mutants. Under the control of Selene and Eli Bard, he takes part in the assault on the mutant nation of Utopia, Skin possessed approximately six feet of extra skin. He was capable of stretching, deforming, wrapping, expanding, when Skin is performing any of these stunts, it is only the epidermis that was manipulated, Skins skeletal structure was the same as any normal, average person of his age and height. Skins skin had a tone and, because of the extra amount. At one point, along with compressing his skin tighter against his body, however, performing these two stunts together caused him to have migraines and he soon gave up on the idea of being normal. Due to their more militant training, Skin was depicted as using his powers in a more aggressive fashion. Colossus abandoned the team to ensure Illyanas rescue, and as a result, only he, Shadowcat, Skin and the rest of his teammates were overwhelmed and killed by the Cores guards. In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Skin was mentioned to receiving a beating nearly to death from humans by Sunspot, Skin appeared in the made-for-TV Generation X film portrayed by Augustin Rodriguez. In the film, his powers were closer to true elasticity, however, it caused him pain to use this power
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Synch (comics)
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Synch is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics mutant superhero. Created by Scott Lobdell, he first appeared in X-Men #36, Everett Thomas was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Synch synced with Banshee, who was in the area, in order to defend himself from the Phalanx, however, as a side effect, he shattered all the windows nearby, which drew the attention of the local police. Even as they surrounded him, a few officers had already been infected by the Phalanx and he was saved by Banshee and Sabretooth, and then quickly helped them prevent yet another Phalanx attack on the White Queen and Jubilee, who had helped locate Everett. The White Queen linked her mind with Everetts and Jubilees, which allowed Everett to synch with Jubilee and use her powers to a degree she had been afraid to, defeating the Phalanx for the moment. This misfit band of heroes ended up saving the kids who were captured by the Phalanx. They were soon joined by new recruits Chamber, who had been invited by Charles Xavier, and Penance, Synch played a major role in many of Generation Xs adventures, and was known for being both even-tempered and very resourceful in the growing use of his powers. During one of Emplates attacks, Synch fell under his thrall and this rendered most battle strategies against Synch useless, as he could use his teammates powers against them without restraint, forcing them to employ more unconventional means. Synch was also unknowingly a source of tension among his female teammates. His close friendship with Jubilee eventually resulted in her strong feelings for him. Synch never seemed aware of this and apparently did not feel the same way, for a time Synch was fixated on Gaia, who did initially seem just as interested in him. Shortly before a battle where the team could have died, Synch admitted to Monet he regretted never having a first kiss, Monet agreed to share one with him, which clearly left quite an impression on him, even once Nicole admitted the deception and the true Monet returned. Synch later began dating the true Monet after she admitted her feelings for him, when Emma Frosts sister Adrienne Frost comes to America, she forces Emma to re-admit her back into the school. If not, Adrienne would release information to the parents of the students that the Xavier School for Gifted Youngsters was a secret training ground for mutants. Later, Adrienne created mutant hatred amongst the students in the school. When the parents of the non-mutant students heard that their children were going to school with mutants, they all rushed to take their children away from the academy, however, Adrienne had planted bombs all around the school. Banshee and Synch set out to all the bombs, while Emma. Eventually, Emma pulled out a gun and shot Adrienne, Synch found a bomb and there were human students nearby
15.
Leech (comics)
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Leech is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Leech made his first appearance in Uncanny X-Men as a Morlock and he is usually depicted as being around twelve years old. He speaks in broken English and refers to himself in the third person, Leech first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #179, and was created by Chris Claremont. Leech appeared as part of the Morlocks entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #9, the green-skinned Leech was orphaned as a toddler. His parents left him to die when his mutations became apparent and he was found by the Morlock Caliban and taken to a human-looking mutant woman named Annalee who raised him and several other young mutant orphans as her children. He made friends with X-Factors ward named Artie Maddicks and had a few encounters with the X-Men. While many Morlocks are killed, Leech and Caliban survive, rescued by Power Pack, Leech joins Artie in the care of X-Factor until they could be enrolled in St. Simons, a private school that willingly accepts mutant children. Soon after they began attending school, Leech and Artie are captured by mutant-hunting demons. Leechs technologically enhancing mutant friend, Taki Matsuya and a team of mutants, calling themselves the X-Terminators. They adventure through much of New York, witnessing much, such as innocent men being eaten, Leech, Artie, and Taki return to St. Simons, though they do not stay out of trouble. Takis crush on a teacher leads to uncovering a plot by mutant-hating humans to kidnap, the young trio disobey orders and literally fly off. After much violence, the plans are discovered and the conspirators arrested. A nearby resident, Ida Fassbender, discovers the trios technologically assisted jaunts and she resolves the problem and unofficially becomes the boys grandmother. Leech is comforted by Idas resemblance to Annalee, another kidnapping plan works successfully and Artie and Leech are taken by the murderous mutant terrorists Gene Nation. This group was composed of second-generation Morlocks, the descendants of those who survived the massacre in the tunnels and they were born and raised in an alternate dimension with a faster flow of time than this one, called The Hill. They sought revenge for those who wronged their forebears, Leech and Artie wanted no part of this, but were trapped until they were rescued by Generation X. They were thereafter made junior members, Leech and Artie continued to live in the Massachusetts Academy under the care of Emma Frost and Sean Cassidy. They are later joined by Franklin Richards, who stays at the school while suffering from the loss of his family and their friendship has unexpected benefits, as Leech is able to control Franklins powers when they, aggravated by his grief, go out of control
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Franklin Richards (comics)
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Franklin Benjamin Richards is a fictional comic book character appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in Fantastic Four. Hes generally portrayed as a child and as a budding super-hero, Franklin is a mutant beyond Omega-Level with vast reality-manipulating and psionic powers. He is the son of Mister Fantastic and the Invisible Woman of the Fantastic Four, the older brother of Valeria Richards, and the nephew of Invisible Womans younger brother. His parents named him Franklin Benjamin Richards, his name is taken from his godfather Benjamin Jacob Grimm. Franklins first name comes from Franklin Storm, his maternal grandfather, Franklin first appears in Fantastic Four Annual #6, and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, although he didnt receive his name until two years later in Fantastic Four #94. Lee recounted, In trying to be realistic, as we always did, Sue Storm and Reed Richards in The Fantastic Four had been married for quite a while, and I figured the most natural thing in the world would be for them to have a baby. Then it occurred to me we could have a lot of fun with that, but what super power would he have. And we could keep the readers guessing for years until the baby grew up, of course, Sues pregnancy took about a year and a half or two years, because comic book time is somewhat different than real-world time. And we wanted to stretch out a long as we could while we tried to figure out whether shed have a boy or a girl. We finally decided on a boy named Franklin Richards, from November 1994 an older version of the same character appeared in the pages of Marvels Fantastic Force until publication ceased as of April 1996. Between appearances in other titles, Franklin has remained a recurring cast member of the Fantastic Four comic book. From July 2007 until the cancellation in February 2009, an alternate version of Franklin appeared as a cast member in the Marvel Adventures all-ages Power Pack series of titles. Franklin Benjamin Richards was born in New York City to Reed, unlike most mutants, Franklin began manifesting his powers while still a toddler due to his parents radiation-altered genes. Fearing the immediate threat of his sons powers to the populace of Earth and unable to find another solution in time. During a battle between Ultron-7 and the Fantastic Four, Ultrons energy output awoke Franklin and again released his powers, free of the energies expended in the confrontation with Ultron, Franklin was seemingly returned to his normal power level. Needing someone to watch over Franklin in their absence, Reed and Susan Richards came to rely on the services of a woman known as Agatha Harkness. Franklin and Agatha soon developed a bond, even residing together for a time at Whisper Hill. Eventually, Agatha returned to live in the witch community of New Salem, Colorado, and Franklin moved back in permanently with his parents
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Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
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Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art
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X-Men
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The X-Men is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 and they are among the most recognizable and successful intellectual properties of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games. The X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities, the X-Men fight for peace and equality between normal humans and mutants in a world where antimutant bigotry is fierce and widespread. They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X and their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to generate and control magnetic fields. Professor X and Magneto have opposing views and philosophies regarding the relationship between mutants and humans, Professor X is the founder of Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters at a location commonly called the X-Mansion, which recruits mutants from around the world. Located in Westchester County, New York, the X-Mansion is the home and training site of the X-Men. The founding five members of the X-Men who appear in The X-Men #1 are Angel, Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, since then, dozens of mutants from various countries and diverse backgrounds have held membership as X-Men. In 2004, Stan Lee recalled, I couldnt have everybody bitten by a spider or exposed to a gamma ray explosion. And I took the way out. I said to myself, Why dont I just say theyre mutants, in a 1987 interview, Jack Kirby said, The X-Men, I did the natural thing there. What would you do with mutants who were just plain boys and girls, so I gave them a teacher, Professor X. Of course, it was the thing to do, instead of disorienting or alienating people who were different from us, I made the X-Men part of the human race. Possibly, radiation, if it is beneficial, may create mutants that’ll save us instead of doing us harm. I felt that if we train the mutants our way, they’ll help us - and not only help us, and so, we could all live together. Lee devised the title after Marvel publisher Martin Goodman turned down the initial name, The Mutants. Within the Marvel Universe, the X-Men are widely regarded to have named after Professor Xavier himself. Xavier however claims that the name X-Men was never chosen as a tribute to himself, the name is also linked to the X-Gene, an unknown gene that causes the mutant evolution. The original explanation for the name, as provided by Xavier in The X-Men #1, is that mutants possess an extra power, one which ordinary humans do not
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Phalanx Covenant
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The Phalanx Covenant was a crossover storyline that ran through Marvel Comics X-Men family of books in September and October 1994. One of its unique aspects was that the X-Men themselves only played a role in the story. The X-Men are attacked by the Phalanx, mutant-hating humans who have used the alien Warlocks techno-organic virus to turn into techno-organic beings themselves, with these powers, the Phalanx are able to change their shape and assimilate organic matter. As the Phalanx they are a hive mind, programmed to destroy all mutants and this storyline also planted the seeds for Marvels next mutant title, Generation X. Life Signs, X-Factor, Excalibur and X-Force discover that the Phalanx are losing their hive-mind programming and are becoming more and more independent, the rogue Phalanx Douglock takes Forge, Wolfsbane and Cannonball on a mission to prevent the Phalanx Shinar from contacting the alien Phalanx. Final Sanction, Cable, Wolverine, Cyclops, and Phoenix reunite to rescue the X-Men by infiltrating the main base of the Phalanx, a second printing was published on June 1,2001. The X-Tinction Agenda, included events which led to the creation of the Phalanx, Uncanny X-Men #291, Steven Lang is recruited from an institution to guide the mutant-hating group who will become the Phalanx. Uncanny X-Men #305-306, and 312-313, The X-Men battle early Phalanx prototypes and this storyline was re-imagined by Marvel in illustrated novel form on October 17,1995. The Phalanx Covenant was adapted into the two-part fifth-season premiere of the X-Men animated series with Beast as the central character, during the two parter, Beast teams up with Warlock, Forge, Mr Sinister, Amelia Voght and Magneto. The Phalanx were also the inspiration for the 1995 Sega Genesis video game, X-Men 2. In the Season Two premiere of Boy Meets World, Corys class is assigned with reading Uncanny X-Men #316 and comparing it to Homers Odyssey
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Generation X
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Generation X, or Gen X, is the demographic cohort following the baby boomers. Generation X is a relatively smaller demographic cohort sandwiched between two larger demographic cohorts, the baby boomers and the millennials, as adolescents and young adults, they were dubbed the “MTV Generation” and characterized as slackers and as cynical and disaffected. In midlife, research describes Gen X adults as active, happy, the cohort has been credited with entrepreneurial tendencies. The term Generation X has been used at times throughout history to describe alienated youth. In the 1950s, Hungarian photographer Robert Capa used Generation X as the title for a photo-essay about young men and women growing up immediately following World War II. The term acquired its modern definition after the release of Generation X, Tales for an Accelerated Culture, demographer Neil Howe noted the delay in naming this demographic cohort saying, Over 30 years after their birthday, they didnt have a name. Previously, the cohort had been referred to as Post-Boomers, Baby Busters, New Lost Generation, Latch-key kids, MTV Generation, the X refers to an unknown variable or to a desire not to be defined. Strauss and Howe define Generation X as those born between 1961–1981, Generation X, a six-part 2016 documentary series produced by National Geographic also uses a 1961–1981 birth year range. PricewaterhouseCoopers, a professional services network headquartered in London, describes Generation X employees as those born from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. Author Jeff Gordinier, in his 2008 book X Saves the World, on the American television program Survivor, for their 33rd season, subtitled Millennials vs. Gen X, the Gen X tribe consisted of individuals born between 1963 and 1982. Names given to those born on the Generation X/Millennial cusp years include Xennials, The Lucky Ones, Generation Catalano, the birth control pill, which was introduced in the early 1960s, was a contributing factor to the declining birth rates seen in this generation. In the United States, increased immigration partially offset declining birth rates, in a 2012 article for the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, George Masnick wrote that the Census counted 82.1 million Gen Xers in the U. S. The Harvard Center uses 1965 to 1984 to define Gen X so that Boomers, Xers, Masnick concluded that immigration filled in any birth year deficits during low fertility years of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe, who authored books on generations including the 1993 book, 13th Gen, Abort, Retry, Ignore. Specifically on Generation X reported that Gen Xers were children at a time when society was less focused on children, Gen Xers were children during a time of increasing divorce rates, with divorce rates doubling in the mid-1960s, before peaking in 1980. Strauss wrote that society “moved from what Leslie Fiedler called a 1950s-era ‘cult of the child’ to what Landon Jones called a 1970s-era ‘cult of the adult’. ”The Generation Map, a report from Australias McCrindle Research Center writes of Gen X children, their Boomer parents were the most divorced generation in Australian history. In the 1970s, only 9 U. S states allowed for joint custody of children, in South Africa, Gen Xers spent their formative years of the 1980s during the hyper-politicized environment of the final years of apartheid. In the US, Generation X was the first cohort to grow up post-integration and they were described in a marketing report by Specialty Retail as the kids who lived the civil rights movement
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New Mutants
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The New Mutants is a group of teenaged mutant superheroes-in-training appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They have been the characters of three successive comic book series, which were spin-offs of the X-Men franchise. The first team of New Mutants characters was created by Chris Claremont and they first appeared in 1982s Marvel Graphic Novel #4 and are subsequently featured in their own title from 1983 until 1991. With the end of the first series, the characters were relaunched as X-Force in a new, the second New Mutants series, launched in 2003, featured a new group of teenage mutants. Unlike the original New Mutants, they were part of a huge cast of students at the Xavier Institute, in 2004, it was relaunched as New X-Men, Academy X, after which the central group was formally dubbed the New Mutants. In the aftermath of the M-Day crossover storyline in late 2005, the students were merged into one junior team. The third New Mutants series, reuniting most of the team, was launched in May 2009. A New Mutants film was announced in May 2015, the first appearance of The New Mutants can be found in the Marvel Graphic Novel #4, from December 1982. X-Men editor Louise Simonson recalled Neither Chris or I really wanted to do it and we wanted X-Men to be special and by itself, but Shooter told us that if we didnt come up with a new mutant book, someone else would. The name was a modification of Stan Lees original name for the X-Men, the New Mutants were teenaged students of Professor Charles Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters, much like the original X-Men, who had since grown into adulthood. These students, however, rather resembled the All-New, All-Different X-Men in terms of ethnic diversity, the original team consisted of, Cannonball, a mild-mannered 16-year-old Kentuckian and eventual co-leader, who became nigh-invulnerable when rocketing through the air. Karma, a 19-year-old Vietnamese girl and the original leader. Mirage, a Cheyenne and eventual co-leader after Karmas death, who could create visual empathic three-dimensional illusions, Sunspot, a 14-year-old Brazilian billionaire who gained superhuman strength fueled by sunlight and could store solar energy in his body to use his super strength during the night. Wolfsbane, a 13-year-old religious Scot who could transform into a wolf-like creature, the team was intended to debut in their own series. However, as the first issue was nearing completion, Shooter ordered it to be reworked into a novel so that Marvel Graphic Novel could make its deadline for the next issue. Thus, the New Mutants debuted in Marvel Graphic Novel #4, the series was originally written by Claremont and illustrated by McLeod, the teams co-creators, but McLeod soon passed artistic duties on to Sal Buscema. Claremont gave the series a darker tone, which was heightened with the arrival of artist Bill Sienkiewicz, in addition to very serious depictions of teenage angst and growing pains, the series featured themes of mysticism and psychic boundaries. The stories also relied on wilder, more far-fetched premises than were typical of X-Men at the time, locales included demonic dimensions, alternate futures, and an ancient Roman civilization hidden within the Amazon rainforest
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Professor X
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Professor Charles Francis Xavier is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is the founder and leader of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1, Xavier is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. The founder of the X-Men, Xavier is a powerful telepath who can read. He runs a school in Westchester County, New York to both shelter and train mutants from around the world. Xavier also fights to serve a greater good by promoting peaceful coexistence, throughout much of the characters history in comics, Xavier is a paraplegic variously using either a wheelchair or a modified version of one. One of the worlds most powerful mutant telepaths, Xavier is a scientific genius, furthermore, he has shown noteworthy talents in devising equipment to greatly enhance psionic powers. From a social policy and philosophical perspective, Xavier deeply resents the violent methods of those like his close friend and occasional enemy. The characters creation and development occurred simultaneously with the civil struggle, taking place in the 1960s. Both actors reprised the role in the film X-Men, Days of Future Past, mcAvoy continued the role in X-Men, Apocalypse, and Stewart appeared in Logan. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, Professor X first appeared in X-Men #1, Stan Lee has stated that the physical inspiration of Professor Xavier was from Academy Award–winning actor Yul Brynner. Professor Xaviers character development has been inspired by Martin Luther King, to achieve these aims, he founded Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters to teach mutants to explore and control their powers. Its first group of students was the original X-Men, Xaviers students consider him a visionary and often refer to their mission as Xaviers dream. He is highly regarded by others in the Marvel Universe, respected by governments and trusted by several other superhero teams, including the Avengers. However, he also has a streak which has resulted in several significant fallings-out with allies. He often acts as an advocate for mutant rights and is the authority most of the Marvel superhero community turns to for advice on mutants. Despite this, his status as a mutant himself and originator of the X-Men only became public during the 2001 story E Is for Extinction. He also appears in almost all of the X-Men animated series and in video games. Patrick Stewart plays him in the 2000s film series, as well as providing his voice in some of the X-Men video games, according to BusinessWeek, Charles Xavier is listed as one of the top ten most intelligent fictional characters in American comics
24.
X-Mansion
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The X-Mansion is the common name for a fictional mansion appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The mansion is depicted as the estate of Professor X. It is also the headquarters of the X-Corporation. Its address is 1407 Graymalkin Lane, Salem Center, located in the very northeast corner of Westchester County, the schools motto is mutatis mutandis. In a recent edition of the comic, Wolverine re-opened the school, at the same address, Cyclops opens the New Xavier School for the Gifted in an abandoned Weapon X bunker somewhere in Canada. The X-Mansion is the property of Charles Xavier and has been in the Xavier family for ten generations including two known mutants in the lineage, both becoming detached from the family. Little else is known about them or their mutations, Generation X — Skin, Synch, M, Husk, Jubilee, Chamber, Blink, Mondo, Gaia and Penance The Massachusetts Academy closes permanently in Generation X #75. Shortly thereafter, the school for mutants is reopened at the X-Mansion. Though protected by high-tech defenses, the X-Mansion has often been breached by the supervillains, indeed, the X-Mansion has been destroyed and rebuilt several times. It was demolished in a battle with the Sidri in Uncanny X-Men #154 and it was rebuilt by a future Franklin Richards in moments but reverted to its destroyed state after the time-traveler became confused. Certain portions of the mansion, such as extensive sub-basements, survived both demolitions, when Onslaught revealed himself and fought the X-Men, the mansion took heavy damage, though was quickly repaired in-between issues after the Onslaught storyline. In Operation, Zero Tolerance, Bastion forced Jubilee to reveal the mansions defenses and he then stripped down the mansion, having everything inside the mansion removed, even down to the paint on the walls. After defeating Bastion, the X-Men moved back into the mansion, the X-Mansion survived an assault by the Shiar Imperial Guard in New X-Men #122-126 as well as a riot by students led by Quentin Quire in New X-Men #134-138. In the Planet X storyline of New X-Men #146-150, however, the X-Mansion was destroyed, in the wake of M-Day the mansion was infiltrated by followers of the Reverend William Stryker in an attempt to wipe out the students, resulting in some structural damage and several casualties. Then the mansion was damaged when the Danger Room became sentient. The mansion was damaged when Mr. Sinisters new team of Marauders attacked the mansion. A fight between the Hulk and several heavily damaged the mansion. In the Messiah Complex storyline, the mansion was destroyed by attacking Sentinels
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Supervillain
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A supervillain is a variant of the villainous stock character archetype commonly found in American comic books, sometimes possessing superhuman abilities. A supervillain is the antithesis of a superhero, Supervillains are often used as foils to present a daunting challenge to a superhero. Other traits may include megalomania and possession of considerable resources to further their aims, many supervillains share some typical characteristics of real world dictators, gangsters, and terrorists, with aspirations of world domination or universal leadership. Some notable examples of female supervillains are Catwoman, Mystique, Harley Quinn, Talia al Ghul, Supervillains are sometimes members of supervillain groups, such as the Sinister Six, the Suicide Squad, the Brotherhood of Mutants, the Injustice League, and the Masters of Evil. The dictionary definition of supervillain at Wiktionary Media related to Supervillains at Wikimedia Commons
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Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
27.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
28.
Berkshire County, Massachusetts
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Berkshire County, pronounced /bərkʃər/, is a county located on the western edge of the U. S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2010 census, the population was 131,219 and its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield. The county was founded in 1761, the Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County, and the county itself is often referred to simply as the Berkshires. It exists today only as a geographic region, and has no county government. Of the fourteen Massachusetts counties, Berkshire County is one of eight that exists only as a historical geographic region. Berkshire County government was abolished effective July 1,2000, and all county functions were assumed by state agencies. The Berkshire Sheriff’s Office runs the county jail and house of correction, Berkshire County has three Registry of Deeds Districts, one for each district. Berkshire County is located in the Massachusettss 1st congressional district, a rural district that makes up most of Western Massachusetts. Berkshire County has four districts and elected Representatives in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, gailanne Cariddi is the current Representative. Paul Mark is the current Representative. - Consisting of precinct A of ward 1, all precincts of wards 2,3,4, precinct A of ward 5, christopher N. Speranzo, was the Representative, but has left for another position. A special election to fill his unexpired term has Tricia Farley-Bouvier as the current representative, william Smitty Pignatelli, is the current Representative. Berkshire County is located in one district for the Massachusetts Senate, adam Hinds, is the current Senator. The Massachusetts Governors Council, also known as the Executive Council, is composed of eight individuals elected from districts, the eight councillors are elected from their respective districts every two years. Berkshire County is located in the 8th District, see also the League of Women Voters of Massachusetts page on counties. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 946 square miles. It is the second-largest county in Massachusetts by land area, the highest natural point in Massachusetts, Mount Greylock at 3,492 feet is located in Berkshire County. Berkshire County is one of two Massachusetts counties that borders three different neighboring states, the other being Worcester County, the two counties are also the only ones to touch both the northern and southern state lines
29.
Telepathy
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Telepathy is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction. Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls, there is no convincing evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a theme in modern fiction and science fiction, with many extraterrestrials, superheroes. As the physical sciences made significant advances, scientific concepts were applied to mental phenomena, the modern concept of telepathy emerged in this context. The skeptic Eric Dingwall criticized SPR founding members Frederic W. H. Myers, in the late 19th century the magician Washington Irving Bishop would perform thought reading demonstrations. Bishop claimed no supernatural powers and ascribed his powers to muscular sensitivity, Bishop was investigated by a group of scientists including the editor of the British Medical Journal and the psychologist Francis Galton. Bishop performed several feats such as correctly identifying a selected spot on a table. During the experiment Bishop required physical contact with a subject who knew the correct answer and he would hold the hand or wrist of the helper. The scientists concluded that Bishop was not a telepath but using a highly trained skill to detect ideomotor movements. Another famous thought reader was the magician Stuart Cumberland, Cumberland claimed to possess no genuine psychic ability and his thought reading performances could only be demonstrated by holding the hand of his subject to read their muscular movements. He came into dispute with psychical researchers associated with the Society for Psychical Research who were searching for genuine cases of telepathy. Cumberland argued that telepathy and communication with the dead were impossible and that the mind of man can not be read through telepathy. In the late 19th century the Creery Sisters were tested by the Society for Psychical Research, however, during a later experiment they were caught utilizing signal codes and they confessed to fraud. G. A. Smith and myself have been accepted and cited as the evidence of the truth of thought transference. The psychologist Leonard T. Troland had carried out experiments in telepathy at Harvard University which were reported in 1917, the subjects produced below chance expectations. Arthur Conan Doyle and W. T, Stead were duped into believing Julius and Agnes Zancig had genuine psychic powers. Both Doyle and Stead wrote the Zancigs performed telepathy, the results revealed no evidence for telepathy. She attempted to duplicate 290 pictures which were drawn by her husband, Sinclair claimed Mary successfully duplicated 65 of them, with 155 partial successes and 70 failures
30.
Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
31.
Cannonball (comics)
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Cannonball is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod, Cannonball first appeared in Marvel Graphic Novel #4, Cannonball is a mutant who uses the ability to fly at jet speeds while encased in an impenetrable force field. Several of his siblings are also mutants and have joined X-Men-related teams, including his sisters, Paige and Melody, other siblings include a brother named Lewis, and four more sisters, Joelle, Elizabeth, Cissie and another unnamed sister. Cannonball was a member of the X-Mens junior team The New Mutants. He joined The New Mutants later incarnation X-Force, serving as second-in-command and he joined the X-Men, becoming the first member of a secondary team to graduate. His tenure was complicated by clashes with superiors and he eventually rejoined X-Force, created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod, Cannonball first appeared in Marvel Graphic Novel #4, The New Mutants. Cannonball briefly became a member of the X-Men team in the volume of the X-Men series. He is a member of the Avengers in the 2012 relaunch of the Avengers title, Sam Guthrie was born in Cumberland, Kentucky. As a young boy, he attempted to help out his family by working in the mine in which his father had worked before he died. One day, Sam finds himself trapped in a mine shaft. This incident leads Donald Pierce to find Sam and hire him as a mercenary for the Hellfire Club, however, when Pierce orders him to kill the defeated New Mutants, Sam rebels against him. Professor Charles Xavier sees the good qualities inside Sam and, after saving him from Pierce, Cannonball leaves his large farming family in Kentucky to join the team. As part of the New Mutants, Sam forms a friendship with his teammate, Sunspot. Sam develops an affection for Rahne, oblivious for some time that Rahne harbors romantic feelings for him. Sam and Danielle Moonstar act as the teams co-leaders and he also supervises other teammates, including Magik, Karma, Cypher, Magma, and Warlock. Early on in his career with the team, Cannonball visits Nova Roma and meets Magma, on whom he develops a long-standing, Sam also meets and shares his first kiss with the young mutant Firestar, then a student of the Massachusetts Academy. The machinations of the headmistress, Emma Frost, however, force them apart before they can develop their relationship. Cannonball later on saves the life of rock star Lila Cheney
32.
Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
33.
Monaco
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Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 and a population of about 38,400 according to the last census of 2015. With 19,009 inhabitants per km², it is the second smallest, Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km, a coastline of 3.83 km, and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m. The highest point in the country is a pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires Ward. Monacos most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins, through land reclamation, Monacos land mass has expanded by twenty percent, in 2005, it had an area of only 1.974 km2. Monaco is known as a playground for the rich and famous, in 2014, it was noted about 30% of the population was made up of millionaires, more than in Zürich or Geneva. Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, although Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he wields immense political power. The House of Grimaldi have ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, the official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood. The states sovereignty was recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. Despite Monacos independence and separate foreign policy, its defense is the responsibility of France, however, Monaco does maintain two small military units. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the countrys first casino, Monte Carlo, since then, Monacos mild climate, scenery, and gambling facilities have contributed to the principalitys status as a tourist destination and recreation center for the rich. In more recent years, Monaco has become a major banking center and has sought to diversify its economy into services and small, high-value-added, the state has no income tax, low business taxes, and is well known for being a tax haven. It is also the host of the street circuit motor race Monaco Grand Prix. Monaco is not formally a part of the European Union, but it participates in certain EU policies, including customs, through its relationship with France, Monaco uses the euro as its sole currency. Monaco joined the Council of Europe in 2004 and it is a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Monacos name comes from the nearby 6th-century BC Phocaean Greek colony, according to an ancient myth, Hercules passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods. As a result, a temple was constructed there, the temple of Hercules Monoikos, because the only temple of this area was the House of Hercules, the city was called Monoikos. It ended up in the hands of the Holy Roman Empire, an ousted branch of a Genoese family, the Grimaldi, contested it for a hundred years before actually gaining control
34.
Bastion (comics)
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Bastion is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Scott Lobdell and Pascual Ferry and first made a appearance in X-Men #52. His first full appearance was Uncanny X-Men #333, Bastion is a mysterious man who had risen to power in relative short time in the U. S. Government and began assembling the international anti-mutant strike force Operation, Zero Tolerance. Bastion also killed a Daily Bugle reporter who was going to report on Graydon Creeds history and later Bastion himself succeeded in capturing Jubilee, as the OZT attempted to reconfigure the Sentinel force assembled by Project, Wideawake, Bastion deemed most of them outdated. Instead, Bastion was able to develop a new type of Sentinel, the death of Graydon Creed was the last ammunition needed to initiate Bastions OZT, which attacked mutants everywhere. The operation soon targeted and succeeded in capturing members of the X-Men. After learning the nature of the Prime Sentinels, the President was convinced by Senator Robert Kelly, while in government custody, Bastion managed to escape and returned to the former OZT facility. There, he absorbed the energy from the Master Mold unit with which he had created the Prime Sentinels, regaining his memories in the process. As it turns out Bastion hadnt been born human at all, while posing as a human construction worker, Nimrod unearthed a module from Master Mold. As soon as Nimrod made physical contact with the module, Master Molds programming began to co-opt Nimrods and it was the Siege Perilous that was responsible for merging Nimrod and Master Mold into a single man of flesh with no memory of his past. Bastion was found and taken in by a woman named Rose Gilberti, living with Rose, Bastion began to hear about Americas mutant problem, which unbeknown to him, re-activated his mutant-termination directives. Bastion fell in with anti-mutant groups, like Graydon Creeds Friends of Humanity soon afterwards and he was returned to government custody, only to be beheaded later by a brainwashed Wolverine, who served as Apocalypses Horseman of Death. Bastions remains were found by a former S. H. I. E. L. D. Agent named Mainspring who headed a project called the Gatekeepers, whose goal is to study, Bastion was rebuilt but they then lost control of him. Bastion, with a new body and new programming, became known as Template, Bastion fought against the heroes Warlock and Wolfsbane during these incidents. Some time later, Carol Danvers contacted the X-Men about the current whereabouts of the remains of Bastion/Template, the X-Men sent Shadowcat, Wolverine, and Gambit to break into the government facility, intending to reclaim their stolen computer files. While there, Template showed the three X-Men false holograms of events and lies about their teammates, the X-Men eventually got their files, but they were left with doubts and fears about their teammates. At one of their churches, the Purifiers attached the head to the body of the Nimrod unit recovered from Forges Aerie, immediately after his activation, the mutant-hunting robot alerts the Purifiers to the presence of the new X-Force
35.
Juggernaut (comics)
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Juggernaut is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, who first appeared in X-Men #12, was created by writer Stan Lee and he is the stepbrother of Professor X. In 2008, Juggernaut was ranked 188th on Wizards list of Top 200 Comic Book Characters, in 2009, Juggernaut was ranked 19th on IGNs list of Top 100 Comic Book Villains. The character debuted as an antagonist of the mutant superhero team in X-Men #12–13. In the first of these issues, he rampaged unseen throughout the X-Mens headquarters while the leader, Professor X. After the canceled X-Men returned in the mid-1970s, the Juggernaut returned to fight a new iteration of the team in X-Men #101–103, storylines in Spider-Woman #37–38 and The Amazing Spider-Man #229–230 explored the Juggernauts relationship with his ally Black Tom Cassidy. The X-Men and Spider-Man proved to be regular foes for the character, who appeared in Uncanny X-Men #183, Marvel Team-up #150, and Uncanny X-Men #194. The Juggernaut guest-starred in Secret Wars II #7, battled a new generation of mutants in X-Men #217–218, appeared in a story in Marvel Saga #21. The Juggernaut also participated in the Acts of Vengeance storyline in Thor #411–412, other appearances included an encounter with his creator, Cyttorak, in X-Men Unlimited #12 and starring in the one-shot issue Juggernaut #1. In 1994, Marvel purchased Malibu Comics and began a series of crossovers that saw Marvel characters entering the Malibu Ultraverse, in 1995-1996, Juggernaut lead a group of Ultras, who were named The All New Exiles. The All New Exiles eventually met up with the X-Men in a special Malibu/Marvel collaboration, The All New Exiles vs X-Men, Issue #0, dated October 1995. The character appeared in Juggernaut, The Eighth Day #1 and Avengers Vol.3, Nos. 23–25 with similarly powered avatars and attempted a reformation in Uncanny X-Men # 410–413 and X-Men #162–164. The Juggernaut confronted his stepbrother, Charles Xavier—leader of the X-Men—in X-Men, Legacy #219 and he appeared as a regular character in Thunderbolts beginning with issue #144, and remained on the team until issue #158, during the Fear Itself limited series. Writer Mike Conroy stated, The characters who debuted during the years of Marvels mutant X-Men have been remarkably long-lived. Cain Marko is the son of Kurt Marko, who becomes Charles Xaviers stepfather when he marries Sharon Xavier after the death of her husband Brian, Kurt Marko favors Charles and abuses his own son, Cain. Cain resents Charles and bullies him frequently, Cain Marko and his step-brother Charles serve in the US Army and are stationed in Korea. Marko finds a temple dedicated to the entity Cyttorak. On entering, Marko finds and holds a huge ruby and reads the inscription on the stone aloud, henceforth, you who read these words, shall become
36.
Black Tom Cassidy
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Black Tom Cassidy is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as an enemy of the X-Men. In addition to fighting the X-Men, he has clashed with Deadpool a number of times, Black Tom is a mutant who can manipulate, bond with, and project energy through plant life. He was the sheep of a prominent Irish family. X-Men member Banshee is his cousin, Tom secretly raised Banshee’s daughter Siryn, of whose existence Banshee was unaware, and conscripted her into his criminal gang. Black Tom was also a criminal partner of the super-strong villain Juggernaut. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum, Black Tom Cassidy first fully appeared in Uncanny X-Men #101, Black Tom was born in Dublin. He is the cousin of Sean Cassidy, the Banshee, a member of the X-Men and he was also once the only friend of the Juggernaut. His original principal power was that he could generate blasts of heat through a wooden medium and he has a rivalry with Sean, mainly because Sean won both Cassidy Keep, their estate, and the family fortune from Tom in a game of dice. They were also rivals for a woman named Maeve Rourke, whom Sean married, while Sean was away, working for INTERPOL, Maeve gave birth to their daughter, Theresa. Not much later, Maeve died in an IRA bombing, with no means to contact Sean, Tom took care of Theresa. When Sean returned to learn of his wife’s death, he was devastated, before Tom could even tell him of the existence of his daughter, Sean lashed out at Tom with his sonic scream for not having taken better care of Maeve. While Sean flew away in anger, Tom fell into a chasm, breaking his leg as a result of the attack, angrily, Tom swore to make Sean pay and vowed to never tell him about his daughter, raising her himself instead. Later Tom became a criminal and came into conflict with the law and was apprehended, while serving time in prison, Tom met and befriended Juggernaut. The two became friends and allies, and worked together on missions. As part of his scheme against Sean, Tom murdered a lawyer ally of Banshee. Black Tom and Juggernaut then took Banshee and the other X-Men prisoner at Cassidy Keep and he was defeated in a duel by Banshee. Black Tom and Juggernaut next hired Arcade to kill the X-Men, alongside Juggernaut and Theresa, Tom went to San Francisco and stole the USAs entire vibranium supply
37.
Yugoslavia
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Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. The Serbian royal House of Karađorđević became the Yugoslav royal dynasty, Yugoslavia gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. The country was named after the South Slavic peoples and constituted their first union, following centuries in which the territories had been part of the Ottoman Empire, renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, it was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance, in 1944, the king recognised it as the legitimate government, but in November 1945 the monarchy was abolished. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946 and it acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country as president until his death in 1980, in 1963, the country was renamed again as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The constituent six socialist republics that made up the country were the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia, and SR Slovenia. Serbia contained two Socialist Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, which after 1974 were largely equal to the members of the federation. After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics borders, at first into five countries, eventually, Serbia and Montenegro accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession. Serbia and Montenegro themselves broke up in 2006 and became independent states, the concept of Yugoslavia, as a single state for all South Slavic peoples, emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the Illyrian Movement of the 19th century. The name was created by the combination of the Slavic words jug, Yugoslavia was the result of the Corfu Declaration, as a project of the Serbian Parliament in exile and the Serbian royal Karađorđević dynasty, who became the Yugoslav royal dynasty. The country was formed in 1918 immediately after World War I as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by union of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and it was commonly referred to at the time as the Versailles state. Later, the government renamed the country leading to the first official use of Yugoslavia in 1929, on 6 January 1929 King Alexander I suspended the constitution, banned national political parties, assumed executive power and renamed the country Yugoslavia. He hoped to curb separatist tendencies and mitigate nationalist passions and he imposed a new constitution and relinquished his dictatorship in 1931. None of these three regimes favored the policy pursued by Alexander I, Alexander attempted to create a centralised Yugoslavia. He decided to abolish Yugoslavias historic regions, and new internal boundaries were drawn for provinces or banovinas, the banovinas were named after rivers. Many politicians were jailed or kept under police surveillance, the effect of Alexanders dictatorship was to further alienate the non-Serbs from the idea of unity. During his reign the flags of Yugoslav nations were banned, Alexander was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son Peter II and a regency council headed by his cousin, Prince Paul
38.
East Los Angeles, California
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East Los Angeles, or East L. A. is an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County, California. It is 96. 7% Latino - the highest percentage of the 272 neighborhoods of Los Angeles County, the unincorporated area known as City Terrace occupies the northern part of the East L. A. CDP. East Los Angeles is the least ethnically diverse community in Los Angeles County as noted by the Los Angeles Times Mapping L. A. survey, the 2010 United States Census reported that East Los Angeles had a population of 126,496. Population density was 16,973.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of East Los Angeles was 53,934 White,817 African American,1,549 Native American,1,144 Asian,63 Pacific Islander,54,846 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 122,784 persons. The Census reported that 126,176 people lived in households,174 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 2,516 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 199 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,781 households were made up of individuals and 1,781 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.09. There were 25,839 families, the family size was 4.33. The median age was 29.1 years, for every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. There were 32,201 housing units at a density of 4,320.8 per square mile, of which 10,986 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 2%, the vacancy rate was 3. 2%. 47,123 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 79,053 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, East Los Angeles had a household income of $37,982. As of the of 2000, there were 124,283 people,29,844 households, the population density was 16,697.4 people per square mile. There were 31,096 housing units at a density of 4,177.8 per square mile. 96. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino,12. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the family size was 4.42
