1.
Elcho Island
–
Elcho Island is an island off the coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. It is located at the end of the Wessel Islands group located in the East Arnhem Region. The islands largest community is the settlement of Galiwinku, Elcho Island is approximately 55km long and 6km across at its widest point. It is bounded on the side by the Arafura Sea. Elcho Island is a distance away from the mainland and Howard Island. Galiwinku, located near the southern tip, is the main community on the island. There is a number of tribal groups, with up to 22 different dialects being used in the community. The people of Galiwinku retain their tradition and culture for future generations by strict traditional methods, the island has a base population of 2,200 people, including 70 non-Aboriginal people. It is the home of the Aboriginal folk musician Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, the population of Galiwinku varies during the seasons, with many outstation residents migrating to the community during the wet season due to inaccessibility. The community also serves approximately 25 outstations with a population of approx. Galiwinku is a traditional Aboriginal community with restricted access, permission to visit is required by law, total alcohol restrictions apply and there is no gasoline available on the island, all gasoline-powered vehicles use the low-aromatic petrol Opal as a fuel substitute. The settlement was established as a Methodist mission in 1942, with the arrival of Harold Shepherdson. It remained under Church direction until 1974 when it became self-managed, eighteen connected clan groups within the Elcho Island locale have close cultural ties with mainland Arnhem Land clans and language groups. The most commonly spoken languages are Djambarrpuyngu and Gupapuyngu, however, there are at least twelve more languages in use in the region. Another settlement is Gäwa, which is located on the tip of Elcho Island. The island is served by Elcho Island Airport, in 2007 a group of local Elcho Island dancers choreographed and performed a dance routine to Zorba the Greek. The performance was recorded and uploaded to YouTube, in under 12 months the video received more than 850,000 views, due to this success the group toured parts of Queensland and performed in the Art Gallery of NSW in Sydney in June 2008. They also appeared as the act at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival Gala 2009
Elcho Island
–
NASA Geocover 2000 satellite image
2.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
Australia
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Aboriginal rock art in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia
Australia
Australia
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Portrait of Captain
James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770
Australia
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Tasmania's
Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed
Australian Convict Sites.
3.
Tiwi, Northern Territory
–
Tiwi is a northern suburb of the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The suburb is bounded by Trower Road, Henbury Avenue and a strip, separating Casuarina Beach. It is in the Local Government Area of City of Darwin and it is home to Dripstone Middle School. The suburb was built before Cyclone Tracy struck in December 1974. Tiwi is named after the Aboriginal people from the Tiwi Islands, the word means people, and is the plural of the word for a man and woman. Some argue that the origins of Tiwi date back to the days of the Larrakia People, the Royal Darwin Hospital, the only public-only hospital in Darwin is located in Tiwi. There is a shopping centre for local shopping, appropriately called Tiwi Shopping Centre or casually referred to as the Tiwi Shops. The streets are named for Northern Territory stations
Tiwi, Northern Territory
–
Dripstone Middle School located in Tiwi
4.
Darwin, Northern Territory
–
Darwin /ˈdɑːrwᵻn/ is the capital city of the Northern Territory of Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin is the largest city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory and it is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top Ends regional centre. Darwins proximity to South East Asia makes it a link between Australia and countries such as Indonesia and East Timor, the Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, ending at Port Augusta in South Australia. The city itself is built on a low bluff overlooking the harbour and its suburbs spread out over some area, beginning at Lee Point in the north and stretching to Berrimah in the east. Past Berrimah, the Stuart Highway goes on to Darwins satellite city, Palmerston, the Darwin region, like the rest of the Top End, has a tropical climate, with a wet and a dry season. Prone to cyclone activity during the wet season, Darwin experiences heavy monsoonal downpours, during the dry season, the city is met with blue skies and gentle sea breezes from the harbour. The greater Darwin area is the home of the Larrakia people. On 9 September 1839, HMS Beagle sailed into Darwin harbour during its surveying of the area, John Clements Wickham named the region Port Darwin in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ships previous voyage which had ended in October 1836. The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, and was renamed Darwin in 1911. The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, the Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia, and imported goods from as far afield as South, established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes. The extent of shared songlines and history of multiple groups within this area is still contestable. The Dutch visited Australias northern coastline in the 1600s and landed on the Tiwi Islands only to be repelled by the Tiwi peoples, the Dutch created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land, the first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September 1839. The ships captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, in 1863, the Northern Territory was tranferred from New South Wales to South Australia. In 1864 South Australia sent B. T. Finniss north as Government Resident to survey, Finniss chose a site at Escape Cliffs, near the entrance to Adelaide River, about 60 km northeast of the modern city. This attempt was short-lived, however, and the settlement abandoned by 1865, on 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin between Fort Hill and the escarpment. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston, after the British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, in 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world
Darwin, Northern Territory
–
The Darwin skyline seen from
Bayview
Darwin, Northern Territory
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Remains of the Darwin Post Office after the first Japanese raid in 1942
Darwin, Northern Territory
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Remains of Palmerston Town Hall, destroyed by
Cyclone Tracy
5.
Northern Territory
–
The Northern Territory is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west, South Australia to the south, to the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area—over 1,349,129 square kilometres, the Northern Territorys population of 244,000 makes it the least populous of Australias eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. The archaeological history of the Northern Territory begins over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region, makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards. The coast of the territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century, the British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions. After three failed attempts to establish a settlement, success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin. Today the economy is based on tourism, especially Kakadu National Park in the Top End and the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in central Australia, the capital and largest city is Darwin. The population is not concentrated in regions but rather along the Stuart Highway. The other major settlements are Palmerston, Alice Springs, Katherine, Nhulunbuy, residents of the Northern Territory are often known simply as Territorians and fully as Northern Territorians, or more informally as Top Enders and Centralians. With the coming of the British, there were four attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast. The Northern Territory was part of colonial New South Wales from 1825 to 1863, except for a time from February to December 1846. It was part of South Australia from 1863 to 1911, under the administration of colonial South Australia, the overland telegraph was constructed between 1870 and 1872. A railway was built between Palmerston and Pine Creek between 1883 and 1889. The economic pattern of raising and mining was established so that by 1911 there were 513,000 cattle. Victoria River Downs was at one time the largest cattle station in the world, gold was found at Grove Hill in 1872 and at Pine Creek, Brocks Creek, Burrundi, and copper was found at Daly River. On 1 January 1911, a decade after federation, the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia, alfred Deakin opined at this time To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. Either we must accomplish the peopling of the territory or submit to its transfer to some other nation. In late 1912 there was growing sentiment that the name Northern Territory was unsatisfactory, the names Kingsland, Centralia and Territoria were proposed with Kingsland becoming the preferred choice in 1913
Northern Territory
–
Thomas Baines with Aborigines near the mouth of the
Victoria River.
Northern Territory
–
Flag
Northern Territory
–
Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863
Northern Territory
–
The northern coast of Australia is on the left with Melville Island in the lower right.
6.
Yothu Yindi
–
The Aboriginal members came from Yolngu homelands near Yirrkala on the Gove Peninsula in Northern Territorys Arnhem Land. They adapted traditional Yolngu dance performances to accompany their music, more broadly they promoted mutual respect and understanding in the coming together of different cultures. Yothu Yindis most widely known song Treaty peaked at No.11 on the ARIA singles charts in 1991, the second single from Tribal Voice was Djäpana which peaked at No.13 in 1992. Their debut album was Homeland Movement in 1988 on Mushroom Records, other albums are Tribal Voice in 1991, Freedom in 1993, Birrkuta - Wild Honey in 1996, One Blood in 1998, chairman of the foundation is Galarrwuy Yunupingu. He is Mandawuys older brother, a Yolgnu clan leader and sometimes a member of Yothu Yindi on bilma, Galarrwuy had been named Australian of the Year in 1978 for his work for Aboriginal communities and Mandawuy was Australian of the Year for 1992 for his work with Yothu Yindi. In December 2012, the Australian Recording Industry Association inducted the band into the ARIA Hall of Fame, swamp Jockeys were formed in 1985 by balanda Andrew Belletty on drums, Stuart Kellaway on bass guitar and Cal Williams on lead guitar. They united to form Yothu Yindi, yothu yindi is a Yolngu matha kinship term for child, the band combines aspects of both musical cultures. They have adapted traditional Yolngu dance performances to accompany their music, more broadly they promote mutual respect and understanding of different cultures. Mandawuy Yunupingu was a student studying to become a teacher. He became principal at his own Yirrkala Community School, and touring by Yothu Yindi was restricted to school holidays in the early years. In August 1988 they performed in Townsville, Queensland, at the South Pacific Festival of Arts, the next month they represented Australia in Seoul, South Korea at the Cultural Olympics. Bart Willoughby joined on drums in late 1988 and Yothu Yindi toured USA, upon their return to Australia, they were signed to Mushroom Records, and with Leszek Karski producing, recorded their debut single Mainstream, released in March 1989. It was followed by debut album Homeland Movement in May, a second single Djäpana was released in August, neither their singles nor album had any major chart success. Yothu Yindi toured with Neil Young in Australia, then head-lined in Papua New Guinea, in 1990 they toured New Zealand with Tracy Chapman, and then performed in festivals in the UK. In 1990 five clans of the Yolngu formed the Yothu Yindi Foundation to promote Yulngu cultural development, chairman of the foundation is Galarrwuy Yunupingu, Mandawuys older brother, a Yolngu clan leader and sometimes a member of Yothu Yindi on bilma and guitar. Galarrwuy had been named Australian of the Year in 1978 for his work for Aboriginal communities, Hawke responded to the Barunga Statement with a promise that a treaty would be concluded with Indigenous Australians by 1990. Mandawuy, with his older brother Galarrwuy, wanted a song to highlight the lack of progress on the treaty between Aboriginal peoples and the federal government, Mandawuy recalls, Bob Hawke visited the Territory. He went to this gathering in Barunga, and this is where he made a statement that there shall be a treaty between black and white Australia
Yothu Yindi
–
Yothu Yindi perform at the Opening Ceremony of the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia
7.
Indigenous Australians
–
Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands prior to European colonisation. In present-day Australia these groups are divided into local communities. At the time of initial European settlement, over 250 languages were spoken, it is estimated that 120 to 145 of these remain in use. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create Australian Aboriginal English, a population collapse following European settlement, and a smallpox epidemic spreading three years after the arrival of Europeans may have caused a massive and early depopulation. Since 1995, the Australian Aboriginal Flag and the Torres Strait Islander Flag have been among the flags of Australia. The word aboriginal has been in the English language since at least the 16th century, to mean, first or earliest known and it comes from the Latin word aborigines, derived from ab and origo. The word was used in Australia to describe its indigenous peoples as early as 1789 and it soon became capitalised and employed as the common name to refer to all Indigenous Australians. Strictly speaking, Aborigine is the noun and Aboriginal the adjectival form, however, use of either Aborigine or Aboriginal to refer to individuals has acquired negative connotations in some sectors of the community, and it is generally regarded as insensitive and even offensive. The more acceptable and correct expression is Aboriginal Australians or Aboriginal people, the term Indigenous Australians, which also includes Torres Strait Islander peoples, has found increasing acceptance, particularly since the 1980s. The broad term Aboriginal Australians includes many groups that often identify under names from local Indigenous languages. Anindilyakwa on Groote Eylandt off Arnhem Land, Palawah in Tasmania and these larger groups may be further subdivided, for example, Anangu recognises localised subdivisions such as Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra, Luritja and Antikirinya. It is estimated that prior to the arrival of British settlers, the Torres Strait Islanders possess a heritage and cultural history distinct from Aboriginal traditions. The eastern Torres Strait Islanders in particular are related to the Papuan peoples of New Guinea, accordingly, they are not generally included under the designation Aboriginal Australians. This has been another factor in the promotion of the inclusive term Indigenous Australians. Six percent of Indigenous Australians identify themselves fully as Torres Strait Islanders, a further 4% of Indigenous Australians identify themselves as having both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal heritage. The Torres Strait Islands comprise over 100 islands which were annexed by Queensland in 1879, eddie Mabo was from Mer or Murray Island in the Torres Strait, which the famous Mabo decision of 1992 involved. The term blacks has been used to refer to Indigenous Australians since European settlement, while originally related to skin colour, the term is used today to indicate Aboriginal heritage or culture in general and refers to people of any skin pigmentation. In the 1970s, many Aboriginal activists, such as Gary Foley, proudly embraced the term black, the book included interviews with several members of the Aboriginal community including Robert Jabanungga reflecting on contemporary Aboriginal culture
Indigenous Australians
–
Men from
Bathurst Island, 1939
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians
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Men and boys playing a game of gorri, 1922
Indigenous Australians
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Artwork depicting the first contact that was made with the
Gweagal Aboriginal people and
Captain James Cook and his crew on the shores of the
Kurnell Peninsula, New South Wales
8.
Arnhem Land
–
Arnhem Land is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located in the corner of the territory and is around 500 km from the territory capital Darwin. The region has an area of 97,000 km2, which covers the area of Kakadu National Park. The area covers about 34,000 km2 and has an population of 16,000, of whom 12,000 are Yolngu. The region’s service hub is Nhulunbuy,600 km east of Darwin, other major population centres are Yirrkala, Gunbalanya, Ramingining, and Maningrida. A substantial proportion of the population, which is mostly Aboriginal and this outstation movement started in the early 1980s. Many Aboriginal groups moved to very small settlements on their traditional lands. These population groups have very little western influence culturally speaking, many of the regions leaders have called and continue to call for a treaty that would allow the Yolngu to operate under their own traditional laws. In 2013-14, the region contributed around $1.3 billion or 7% to the Northern Territory’s gross state product. Arnhem Land has been occupied by people for tens of thousands of years and is the location of the oldest-known stone axe. The Gove Peninsula was heavily involved in the defence of Australia during World War II, at least since the 18th century Muslim traders from Makassar visited Arnhem Land each year to trade, harvest, and process sea cucumbers or trepang. This sea slug is highly prized in Chinese cuisine, for folk medicine and this Macassan contact with Australia is the first recorded example of interaction between the inhabitants of the Australian continent and their Asian neighbours. This contact had an effect on local indigenous Australians. The Makassans exchanged goods such as cloth, tobacco, knives, rice, Makassar pidgin became a lingua franca along the north coast among several indigenous Australian groups who were brought into greater contact with each other by the seafaring Makassan culture. These traders from the southwest corner of Sulawesi also introduced the word balanda for white people, in Arnhem Land, the word is still widely used today to refer to white Australians. The Dutch started settling in Sulawesi Island in the early 17th century, archeological remains of Makassar contact, including trepang processing plants from the 18th and 19th centuries, are still found at Australian locations such as Port Essington and Groote Eylandt. The Makassans also planted tamarind trees, after processing, the sea slugs were traded by the Makassans to Southern China. In 2014, an 18th-century Chinese coin was found in the area of Wessel Islands off the coast on a beach on Elcho Island during a historical expedition
Arnhem Land
–
A
Macassan wooden
sailboat or
prau of the type trepangers have used for centuries
Arnhem Land
–
Nanydjaka Cape Arnhem Coast
Arnhem Land
–
Goyder River Crossing, Central Arnhem Highway
Arnhem Land
–
Some areas of deep cultural significance to the indigenous inhabitants are off-limits even to those with permission to travel across Arnhem Land
9.
Yolngu
–
The Yolngu or Yolŋu are an Indigenous Australian people inhabiting north-eastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. Yolngu means person in the Yolŋu languages, the term Murngin was formerly used by some anthropologists for the Yolngu. The complete system of Yolngu law is known as the Maḏayin, Maḏayin embodies the rights of the owners of the law, or citizens who have the rights and responsibilities for this embodiment of law. This law covers the ownership of land and waters, the resources on or within these lands and it regulates and controls production and trade and the moral, social and religious law including laws for the conservation and the farming of plants and aquatic life. Yolŋu believe that living out their life according to Maḏayin is right, the Maḏayin creates a state of Magaya, which is a state of peace, freedom from hostilities and true justice for all. Yolŋu groups are connected by a kinship system. This system governs fundamental aspects of Yolŋu life, including responsibilities for ceremony, Yolŋu life is divided into two moieties, Dhuwa and Yirritja. Each of these is represented by people of a number of different groups, each of which have their own lands, languages, totems, a Yirritja person must always marry a Dhuwa person and vice versa. If a man or woman is Dhuwa, their mother will be Yirritja, as with nearly all Aboriginal groups, avoidance relationships exist in Yolngu culture between certain relations. The two main avoidance relationships are, son-in-law – mother-in-law brother – sister Brother–sister avoidance called mirriri normally begins after initiation, in avoidance relationships, people dont speak directly or look at one another, and try to avoid being in too close proximity with each other. Yolngu speak a dozen dialects of a group known as Yolngu Matha. English can be anywhere from a third to a language for Yolŋu. Yolŋu identify six distinct seasons, Mirdawarr, Dhaarratharramirri, Rarranhdharr, Worlmamirri, Baarramirri, Yolŋu sustained good trade relations with Macassan fishermen for several hundred years. The Macassans respected the land as Yolŋu land, they only ever camped on the beach and they made yearly visits to harvest trepang and pearls, paying Yolŋu in kind with goods such as knives, metal, canoes, tobacco and pipes. The Yolŋu folklore has preserved accounts of the Baijini people, who appear to be distinct from the Macassans, in 1906, the South Australian Government did not renew the Macassans permit to harvest trepang. This loss of trade caused some disruption to the Yolŋu way of life, Yolŋu had well established trade routes within Australia, extending to Central Australian clans and other Aboriginal countries. (For example, they did not make boomerangs, but obtained these via trade from Central Australia, Yolŋu had known about Europeans prior to the arrival of British in Australia through their contact with Macassan traders, which probably began around the sixteenth century. Their word for European, Balanda, is derived from Hollander, in the late nineteenth century, white Australians began to open up Arnhem Land for cattle grazing
Yolngu
–
Yolngu use hollow logs in traditional burial rituals. They are also an important "canvas" for their art, Aboriginal Memorial,
NGA
10.
Braille
–
Braille /ˈbreɪl/ is a tactile writing system used by people who are blind or visually impaired. It is traditionally written with embossed paper, braille-users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to refreshable braille displays. They can write braille with the slate and stylus or type it on a braille writer, such as a portable braille note-taker. Braille is named after its creator, Frenchman Louis Braille, who lost his eyesight due to a childhood accident, in 1824, at the age of 15, Braille developed his code for the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing. He published his system, which included musical notation, in 1829. The second revision, published in 1837, was the first binary form of writing developed in the modern era, Braille characters are small rectangular blocks called cells that contain tiny palpable bumps called raised dots. The number and arrangement of these dots distinguish one character from another, since the various braille alphabets originated as transcription codes of printed writing systems, the mappings vary from language to language. Braille cells are not the thing to appear in braille text. There may be embossed illustrations and graphs, with the lines either solid or made of series of dots, arrows, bullets that are larger than braille dots, a full Braille cell includes six raised dots arranged in two lateral rows each having three dots. The dot positions are identified by numbers from one through six,64 solutions are possible from using one or more dots. A single cell can be used to represent a letter, number, punctuation mark. In the face of screen-reader software, braille usage has declined, in Barbiers system, sets of 12 embossed dots encoded 36 different sounds. It proved to be too difficult for soldiers to recognize by touch, in 1821 Barbier visited the Royal Institute for the Blind in Paris, where he met Louis Braille. Brailles solution was to use 6-dot cells and to assign a specific pattern to each letter of the alphabet. At first, braille was a transliteration of French orthography, but soon various abbreviations, contractions. The expanded English system, called Grade-2 Braille, was complete by 1905, for blind readers, Braille is an independent writing system, rather than a code of printed orthography. Braille is derived from the Latin alphabet, albeit indirectly, in Brailles original system, the dot patterns were assigned to letters according to their position within the alphabetic order of the French alphabet, with accented letters and w sorted at the end. The first ten letters of the alphabet, a–j, use the upper four dot positions and these stand for the ten digits 1–9 and 0 in a system parallel to Hebrew gematria and Greek isopsephy
Braille
–
Braille
Braille
–
Braille code where the word ⠏ ⠗ ⠑ ⠍ ⠊ ⠑ ⠗ (premier,
French for "first") can be read.
Braille
–
Silver wedding bands with names Henri(que) and Tita written in braille
Braille
–
Braille typewriter
11.
Guide dog
–
Guide dogs, are assistance dogs trained to lead blind and visually impaired people around obstacles. Although the dogs can be trained to navigate obstacles, lots of them are color blind and are not capable of interpreting street signs. The human does the directing, based on skills acquired through previous mobility training, the handler might be likened to an aircrafts navigator, who must know how to get from one place to another, and the dog is the pilot, who gets them there safely. In several countries, guide dogs, along with most service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in such as restaurants. References to service animals date at least as far back as the mid-16th century, in the 19th-century verse novel Aurora Leigh by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the title character remarks, The blind man walks wherever the dog pulls / And so I answered. Earlier that same year, U. S. Sen. Thomas D, in 1929, Eustis and Frank co-founded The Seeing Eye school in Nashville, Tennessee. The first service animals in Great Britain were German shepherds, four of these first were Flash, Judy, Meta, and Folly, who were handed over to their new owners, veterans blinded in World War I, on 6 October 1931 in Wallasey, Merseyside. Judys new owner was Musgrave Frankland, important studies on the behavior and training methods of service animals were done in the 1920s and 1930s by Jakob von Uexküll and Emanuel Georg Sarris. They studied the richness of animals and introduced advanced methods of training. There have also been important studies into the experienced by people that use service and assistance animals. Guide dog breeds are chosen for temperament and trainability, crosses such as Golden Retriever/Labrador and Labradoodles are also common. The most popular breed used globally today is the Labrador Retriever and this breed has a good range of size, is easily kept due to its short coat, is generally healthy and has a gentle but willing temperament. However, religious organizations are not required to provide such access, whether service animals in training have the same rights or not usually falls on each individual state government. Service providers have to make adjustments to accommodate service animals. In most South American countries and Mexico, service animal access depends solely upon the goodwill of the owner or manager, in more tourist-heavy areas, service animals are generally welcomed without problems. In Brazil, however, a 2006 federal decree requires allowance of service animals in all public, the Brasília Metro has developed a program that trains service animals to ride it. In Malta, the Equal Opportunities Act 2000 states that it is illegal to discriminate against a person who needs an assistant, in this case. The few exceptions are restaurant kitchens, hospital wards, toilets
Guide dog
–
A blind man is led by his guide dog in
Brasília,
Brazil
Guide dog
–
A blind woman learns to use her guide dog in a test environment
Guide dog
–
A blind man with his guide dog in
Montreal, 1941.
Guide dog
–
Labrador Retriever guide dogs resting
12.
White cane
–
A white cane is used by many people who are blind or visually impaired. Its primary uses are as a mobility tool and as a courtesy to others, but there are at least five varieties, each serving a slightly different need. Long Cane, This traditional white cane, also known as a Hoover cane, Cane length depends upon the height of a user, and traditionally extends from the floor to the users sternum. Some organisations favor the use of much longer canes, Guide Cane, This is a shorter cane - generally extending from the floor to the users waist - with a more limited mobility function. It is used to scan for kerbs and steps, the guide cane can also be used diagonally across the body for protection, warning the user of obstacles immediately ahead. Identification Cane, The ID cane is used primarily to alert others as to the visual impairment. It is often lighter and shorter than the long cane, and has no use as a mobility tool, support Cane, The white support cane is designed primarily to offer physical stability to a visually impaired user. By virtue of its colour, the cane also works as a means of identification and this tool has very limited potential as a mobility device. Kiddie Cane, This version works the same as an adults Long Cane but is designed for use by children, green Cane, Used in some countries to designate that the user has low vision while the white cane designates that a user is blind. Mobility canes are made from aluminium, graphite-reinforced plastic or other fibre-reinforced plastic. White canes can be collapsible or straight, with both versions having pros and cons. Blind people have used canes as mobility tools for centuries, in 1931 in France, Guilly dHerbemont launched a national white stick movement for blind people. On February 7,1931, Guilly dHerbemont symbolically gave the first two white canes to blind people, in the presence of several French ministers,5,000 more white canes were later sent to blind French veterans from World War I and blind civilians. In the United States, the introduction of the cane is attributed to George A. Bonham of the Lions Clubs International. In 1930, a Lions Club member watched as a man who was blind attempted to cross the street with a cane that was barely visible to motorists against the dark pavement. The Lions decided to paint the white to make it more visible. In 1931, Lions Clubs International began a program promoting the use of white canes for people who are blind, the first special white cane ordinance was passed in December 1930 in Peoria, Illinois granting blind pedestrians protections and the right-of-way while carrying a white cane. The long cane was improved upon by World War II veterans rehabilitation specialist, Richard E. Hoover, in 1944, he took the Lions Club white cane and went around the hospital blindfolded for a week
White cane
–
A long cane, the primary mobility tool for the visually impaired
White cane
–
An identification cane
White cane
–
Folded long cane
White cane
–
A variety of cane tips. A = Pencil Tip, B = Bundu Basher Tip, C = Ball Race Overfit Tip, D = Rubber Support Cane Tip, E = Pear Tip, F = Rural Tip, G = Jumbo Roller Tip
13.
Gurrumul
–
Gurrumul is the debut album for Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu. It is performed in a mixture of both Yolngu and English and it reached number three on the ARIA charts, won ARIA awards for Best World Music Album and Best Independent Release and won a Deadly for Album of the Year. The track Gurrumul History also won a Deadly for Single of the Year, the album reached 3x Platinum sales in excess of 210,000. In October 2010, it was listed in the top 30 in the book,100 Best Australian Albums, on November 23rd 2012 the album was certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of 60,000 copies. All tracks written by Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, wiyathul Djȁrimirri Bȁpa Gurrumul History Marrandil Marwurrumburr Galiku Baywara Gȁthu Mȁwula Galupa Wirrpangu Wukun
Gurrumul
–
Gurrumul
14.
Australian Recording Industry Association
–
It oversees the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties. The association has more than 100 members, including small labels typically run by one to five people, medium size organisations, ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, both large and small. As of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica, in 1956, the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers was formed by Australias major record companies. It later included smaller record companies representing independent acts/labels and has over 100 members, by 1997, the six major labels provided 90% of all recordings made in Australia. ARIA is administered by a Board of Directors comprising senior executives from record companies, as of October 2010, the directors were Denis Handlin, George Ash, Mark Poston, Sebastian Chase, David Vodica and Tony Harlow. Australian TV pop music show Countdown presented its own awards ceremony, Countdown Music and Video Awards. ARIA provided peer voting for awards, while Countdown provided coupons in the related Countdown Magazine for viewers to vote for populist awards. At the 1985 Countdown awards ceremony, held on 14 April 1986, fans of INXS and Uncanny X-Men scuffled during the broadcast and as a result ARIA decided to hold their own awards. Since 2 March 1987, ARIA administered its own entirely peer-voted ARIA Music Awards, to recognise excellence, initially included in the same awards ceremonies, it established the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1988 and has held separate annual ceremonies since 2005. The ARIA Hall of Fame honours Australian musicians achievements have had a significant impact in Australia or around the world, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association announced its own legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial. In 2006, ARIA formed sponsorship deals with Motorola and Nova and changed the appearance, Motorola took naming-rights sponsorship seeing the charts referred to in the media as the Motorola ARIA Charts. ARIA, have commented that as part of the same marketing printed charts would be reintroduced into media retailing shops, as part of the deal Nova began broadcasting the charted singles in reverse order on a Sunday afternoon show before it was released on the ARIA charts website. The ARIA Charts is the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association, the charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from retailers in Australia, the ARIA No.1 Chart Awards were established in 2002 to recognise Australian recording artists, who reached number one on the ARIA albums, singles and music DVDs charts. The ARIA Music Awards is a series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry. This criticism is stauncher in Australia due to the absence of an equivalent Digital Millennium Copyright Act or state crimes acts which clearly establish copyright infringement as a crime, in February 2004, the Australian Record Industry Association took legal action against Kazaa, alleging massive copyright breaches. The trial began on 29 November 2004, on 6 February 2005, the homes of two Sharman Networks executives and the offices of Sharman Networks in Australia were raided under a court order by ARIA to gather evidence for the trial
Australian Recording Industry Association
–
ARIA logo
15.
Sting (musician)
–
Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE, better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He was the songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984. He has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Police in 2003. In 2000, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for recording, in 2003, Sting received a CBE from Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for services to music, and was made a Kennedy Center Honoree at the White House in 2014. He was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2017, with The Police, Sting became one of the worlds best-selling music artists. Solo and with The Police combined, he has sold over 100 million records, in 2006, Paste ranked him 62nd of the 100 best living songwriters. He was 63rd of VH1s 100 greatest artists of rock, and he grew up near Wallsends shipyards, which made an impression on him. At eight or ten years old, he was inspired by the Queen Mother waving at him from a Rolls-Royce to divert from the shipyard prospect towards a more glamorous life. He helped his father deliver milk and by ten was obsessed with an old Spanish guitar left by a friend of his father. He attended St Cuthberts Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne and he visited nightclubs such as Club AGogo to see Cream and Manfred Mann, who influenced his music. After being a bus conductor, building labourer and tax officer, he attended Northern Counties College of Education from 1971 to 1974 and he taught at St Pauls First School in Cramlington for two years. Sting performed jazz in the evening, weekends and during breaks from college and he played with the Phoenix Jazzmen, Newcastle Big Band, and Last Exit. He gained his nickname after his habit of wearing a black, bandleader Gordon Solomon thought he looked like a bee, which prompted the name Sting. In the 1985 documentary Bring on the Night a journalist called him Gordon, to which he replied, My children call me Sting, my mother calls me Sting, in Time in 2011 he said, I was never called Gordon. You could shout Gordon in the street and I would just move out of your way, in January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to London and joined Stewart Copeland and Henry Padovani to form The Police. From 1978 to 1983 they had five UK chart-topping albums, won six Grammy Awards and their initial sound was punk-inspired, but they switched to reggae rock and minimalist pop. Their final album, Synchronicity, was nominated for five Grammy Awards including Album of the Year and it included their most successful song, Every Breath You Take, written by Sting, in 1983. While never formally breaking up, after Synchronicity the group agreed to concentrate on solo projects, as the years went by, the band members, particularly Sting, dismissed the possibility of reforming
Sting (musician)
–
Sting performing at
Madison Square Garden, New York on 1 August 2007
Sting (musician)
–
Sting performing in
Norway during 1985
Sting (musician)
–
Sting and
Bono at the
Conspiracy of Hope concert in
New Jersey, 1986
Sting (musician)
–
Sting with the Police at
Madison Square Garden, New York, 1 August 2007
16.
ARIA Music Awards
–
The Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards is an annual series of awards nights celebrating the Australian music industry, put on by the Australian Recording Industry Association. For 2010, ARIA introduced public voted awards for the first time,31 to No.5 in the ARIA Charts, its highest position. It later included smaller record companies representing independent acts/labels and has over 100 members, ARIA provided peer voting for some awards, while Countdown provided coupons in the related Countdown Magazine for viewers to vote for populist awards. At the 1985 Countdown awards ceremony, held on 14 April 1986, fans of INXS and Uncanny X-Men scuffled during the broadcast, the ARIA Hall of Fame honours Australian musicians achievements have had a significant impact in Australia or around the world. The first ceremony, in 1987, featured Elton John as the compere and was held at the Sheraton Wentworth Hotel, there were no live performances at the early ARIAs, music for both walk on/walk off was supplied by a nightclub dj, Rick Powell. All subsequent ceremonies were held in Sydney except the 1992 event at World Congress Centre, for 2010, ARIA introduced public voted awards for the first time. 31 to No.5 in the ARIA Charts, its highest position, the first televised ARIA Awards ceremony occurred in 1992, all subsequent ceremonies were televised. They were broadcast on Network Ten from 2002 to 2008 and returned in 2010, nine Network aired the ceremony on 26 November 2009, its digital channel, GO. aired the 2011 ARIA Music Awards on 27 November 2011. At the 1988 ceremony a fracas developed between band manager, Gary Morris, accepting awards for Midnight Oil, and former Countdown compere, Ian Molly Meldrum and they conflicted over visiting United Kingdom artist, Bryan Ferry, who had also presented an award. Morris objected to Ferrys presence and insulted him, Meldrum defended Ferry, in 1995 electronic music group, Itch-E and Scratch-E, won the inaugural award for Best Dance Release for their single, Sweetness and Light. Band member, Paul Mac thanked Sydneys ecstasy dealers for their help, one of the sponsors of the awards, that year, was the National Drug Offensive. In 2005 Mac explained that he did not expect to win and his speech was bleeped for the TV broadcast. Network Ten disputed the finding, however their basis for defence was criticised by Media Watch, there never seems to be enough reference or homage paid to great Aussie pop and rock trailblazers who made and continue to make Australian music what it is today. To be eligible, a release must be available within the specified period for a given year. Material must be previously unrecorded, thus ruling out most live albums, a recording can be nominated within multiple categories, but only one genre category. Re-released recordings are not eligible and compilations are not eligible, Artists must either be Australian citizens, or have applied for or attained permanent resident status and have resided in Australia for at least six months within the specified period. For bands, at least half the members of the group must meet this requirement, if a recording refers to both an individual and a band, it must be nominated only the basis of the individual or the band, not mixed or both. Some categories have further requirements as specified below, Album/Single of the Year, Best Rock Album, Recording must be directed toward Contemporary Rock, Modern Rock and Active Rock formats
ARIA Music Awards
–
2008
ARIA Hall of Fame, at
Melbourne Town Hall
17.
Deadly Awards
–
The Deadly Awards, commonly known simply as The Deadlys, were an annual celebration of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander achievement in music, sport, entertainment and community. The first Deadlys were held in 1995, at the Boomalli Artist Co-op in the Redfern suburb of Sydney, the Deadly Awards originated as the Deadly Sounds music and culture radio show at the Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Co-op in Redfern in 1993. They stemmed from an idea of the late Gavin Jones, there were later additional venues in other states. The awards expanded beyond their original focus, to include sport, entertainment. Winners are nominated and voted on by the public, the word Deadly is a modern colloquialism used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders to indicate cool, rockin, fantastic. On 12 July Gavin Jones was found dead, it is not clear whether his death was related to the cuts, on 14 July 2014, Vibe Australia announced that the 2014 Deadlys were cancelled and that all Vibe projects concluded on 30 June 2014. After a story was run on Triple Js Hack program on 15 July 2014, a petition on Change. org attracted over 26,000 signatures and a Kickstarter campaign reached $6699. Indigenous Australian music The Deadlys home page at Vibe. au The Deadlys the ABC Message Stick Online photographs NSW Parliamentary motion on the Deadly Awards
Deadly Awards
18.
Corner Hotel, Richmond
–
The Corner Hotel in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, Victoria, is a remodelled 19th-century pub which has been a live music venue since the 1940s and, since 1995, a popular rock music venue. In 1871, the premises were licensed to David and Jane McCormick, business thrived because of the close proximity to the Richmond railway station. In 1881 it was renovated by William Malone, who improved both the accommodation and the liquor quality, Malone was the licensee until 1895. Between 1895 and 1929 the hotel changed hands seven times, from 1929 to 1935 it was operated by Nelly OConnor and her husband. The pub is thought to have begun presenting live music during the 1940s jazz era, during the 1950s it was owned by the Melbourne Cooperative Brewing Company, an offshoot of Carlton and United Breweries. This was the time of an Australian custom known as the six oclock swill. This law was a relic of World War I and operated from 1915 until its abolition in the mid-1960s and it meant that workers would rush to pubs after finishing work and consume as much alcohol as possible before the bar closed. In 1966 the pub was demolished and rebuilt in a slightly shifted location, in 1984 Wayne Gale was approached by Brian Hartung from Carlton United Breweries and asked if he could start music at The Corner Hotel. At that time he was running the music at The John Barleycorn hotel in Collingwood, The Tiger Lounge, the first bands to play were The Adventure and Big Music Works on the Friday night 28 February 1983 and Big Pig on the Saturday night. At first there was live music on Friday and Saturday nights. During the period Wayne Gale was the owner the cream of Australias music industry played there and this was an outstanding achievement because the Melbourne music industry was very strong and the competition fierce. Bands like Johnny Diesel, Spy vs Spy, Baby Animals all used the venue to build their profile in Melbourne, mick Jagger performed there unannounced in 1988. Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour also played a show at the venue in 1988
Corner Hotel, Richmond
–
The Corner Hotel
19.
Archibald Prize
–
The Archibald Prize is regarded as the most important portraiture prize in Australian art. It was first awarded in 1921 after the receipt of a bequest from J. F. Archibald, guido Belgiorno-Nettis said that judging the annual competitions was absolutely the most fun thing you can do as a trustee. The Archibald Prize is awarded annually and since July 2015 has been AU$100,000, the Peoples Choice Award, in which votes from the public viewing the finalists are collected to find a winner was first awarded in 1988. The award comes with a prize of A$3,500. In 1992 the Packing Room Prize was established, in which the staff who receive the portraits, the prize-winner is not always an Archibald finalist. Although the prize is said to be awarded by the staff, the Packing Room Prize is awarded annually and since June 2014, the prize has been A$1,500. To date there has never been an Archibald Prize winner who has also been a Packing Room Prize winner, for this reason winning the Packing Room Prize is known as the kiss of death award. Category, Archibald Prize finalists Lists of Archibald Prize finalists Since 1992, since 1999, Sydney based law firm Holding Redlich have sponsored a Salon des Refusés Peoples Choice Award. The Archibald is held at the time as the Sir John Sulman Prize, the Wynne Prize, the Mortimore Prize for Realism, the Australian Photographic Portrait Prize. The Archibald is the next richest portrait prize in Australia after the Doug Moran National Portrait Prize, in 1978 Brett Whiteley won the Archibald, Wynne and Sulman Prizes all in the same year, the only time this has happened. It was his win for the Archibald and the other prizes as well. Some works which do not make the Archibald Prize finalists are shown at the S. H. Ervin Gallery in the Archibald Salon des Refusés exhibition which began in 1992. The Archibald is one of the few art prizes in which the artists signature is covered up so as not to be seen by the judges during initial selection for the final. Given the small size of Australias art community, this is intended to discourage nepotism on the part of judges simply selecting their friends rather than making selections based on merit. Max Meldrum criticised the Archibald Prize winner in 1938, saying that women could not be expected to paint as well as men. Nora Heysen was the first woman to win the Archibald Prize, with a portrait of Madame Elink Schuurman, in 1953 several art students including John Olsen protested William Dargies winning portrait, the seventh time he had been awarded the prize. One protester tied a sign around her dog which said Winner Archibald Prize – William Doggie, dargie went on to win the prize again in 1956. This is now hanging at New Parliament House in Canberra, in 1975, John Bloomfields portrait of Tim Burstall was disqualified on the grounds that it had been painted from a blown up photograph, rather than from life
Archibald Prize
–
H. Desbrowe Annear by
W B McInnes was the first (1921) Archibald Prize winner
20.
Bayini
–
Bayini is spiritual love song performed in Yolngu Matha, an indigenous language of Northern Australia. It is track three on Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingus album, Rrakala, which was released by Skinny Fish Music on April 15,2011, according to the National Museum of Australia, Bayini are light-skinned mythological beings who were also involved in collecting and curing trepang. In literature, the first non-Aboriginal visitors to the Arnhem Land coast are referred to as Bayini, in songs that record and preserve their traditions, Aboriginal people of Arnhem land tell of the Bayini gypsies with copper coloured skin who visited their shores. John Gratorex said in the Rrakala sleeve notes, Yolngu are deep thinking philosophical people, the words in the song refer to many families sitting together on the beach looking to waves and sea, the horizon, contemplating. Long ago from over the horizon the Bayini came to Yolngu country, on June 1,2012, Bayini was re-recorded with additional lyrics in English by Sarah Blasko. In July 2012, this version of the song received unprecedented attention and began getting airplay on ABC radio and Triple J and Gurrumuls album, Rrakala, in 2013, Gurrumul joined Delta Goodrem and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra for a special performance of Bayini on The Voice Australia. The clip has had over 230,000 views on YouTube, Goodrem said of the performance, Gurrumul is one of this countrys greatest voices and to receive his invitation to perform on The Voice was so special and something I will cherish forever. Despite peaking at number #1 on iTunes throughout the week, Bayini debuted at #4 on the ARIA singles chart, thus becoming Gurrumuls highest charting single and Goodrems 13th top 5 single
Bayini
–
"Bayini"
Bayini
–
"Bayini "
21.
Gary Barlow
–
Gary Barlow OBE is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He is frontman and lead vocalist of British pop-group Take That, Barlow also served as head judge of The X Factor UK from 2011 to 2013 and Let It Shine in 2017. Barlow is one of Britains most successful songwriters, having written fourteen number one singles and he is also a six-time recipient of the Ivor Novello Award and has sold over 50 million records worldwide. Gary Barlow was born in Frodsham, Cheshire, the son of Colin. In Barlows autobiography, he relates that his love of music began at an early age, I was one of those kids thats forever dancing in front of the TV looking at my reflection. He cites watching a performance of Just Cant Get Enough by Depeche Mode on Top of the Pops when he was ten years old as an influence of his love of music. Barlow subsequently asked for a keyboard for Christmas and he spent most of his spare time teaching himself to play his favourite songs. He has credited Elton John with inspiring him to play the piano, in 1986, when Barlow was fifteen years old, he entered a BBC Pebble Mill at One Christmas song competition with Lets Pray for Christmas. After reaching the semi-finals, he was invited to Londons West Heath Studios to record his song and this inspired Barlow to perform on the northern club circuit, singing cover versions and his own songs. Barlows first performance was at the Connahs Quay Labour Club in the late 1980s, in 1989, he appointed Wigan show business agent Barry Woolley to be his manager and recorded a single which was never released commercially. Barlow was eventually put in touch with casting agent Nigel Martin-Smith, by renowned celebrity photographer Doc Braham, Nigel is a friend of Docs, and introduced Barlow to Nigel who was interested in starting a boyband. Barlow, who wrote the majority of the songs, is widely recognised as the musical talent behind Take That. After selecting Barlow as the groups lead-singer, Nigel Martin-Smith introduced Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, the group were signed to RCA Records, and after a number of top 40 hits, eventually secured their first number one with Barlows Pray. Previous hits included A Million Love Songs, It Only Takes a Minute, the debut album Take That & Party was released on 17 August 1992 and reached number two on the UK Album Chart. The following year saw the release of their album, Everything Changes based on Barlows own material. Barlow received an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song in 1994 for the number 1 hit song Pray included on the album, in 1994, alongside Rick Astley, Barlow did backing vocals for Elton Johns version of Can You Feel the Love Tonight from The Lion King. Take Thats third album Nobody Else, again based on Barlows own material, a Greatest Hits collection followed again reaching number 1. The album featured the eighth number 1 single How Deep Is Your Love
Gary Barlow
–
Barlow in 2013
Gary Barlow
–
Barlow performing in concert in 2013
22.
Sing (Gary Barlow song)
–
The track was released via digital download and CD single on 28 May 2012, and was performed as part of the Queens Diamond Jubilee Concert celebrations on 4 June 2012. It was announced in January that six-time Ivor Novello recipient Gary Barlow, Barlow said of the project that This is probably the biggest challenge Ive ever taken on musically. Im so excited and thrilled to be a part of it, Lloyd Webber echoed these views and stated that It is a huge honour to be involved in this historic occasion and I am looking forward very much to working with Gary. Barlow revealed that the music of the song was written in January during a round at house, couple of pianos. He said that they did all the melodies in an afternoon, speaking about writing the track with Barlow, Lord Lloyd-Webber said, We got together with embryonic ideas. Gary had an idea for the chorus, I had the idea for the verse, I was thinking anthem, but we had to involve all the people we could, and it had to be something very simple that people could learn. Working with Gary has been one of the joys, he is such a fantastic songwriter. Barlow said She was in Kenya on holiday when she found out her father had died and she found out she was the Queen so I drove to this place called Treetops and I wrote. Barlow went on to say that She started her reign there and we started our record in that place and it was fitting that the song would return to those origins. The final version of Sing was completed and mastered during April 2012, and was given its premiere radio play on 18 May 2012 on Chris Evans BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show. The song was handed over to the Queen at the beginning of May, with Barlow, as Prince Charles had predicted, she was most interested in the people on the screen – What are they playing and where are they and who are they. ’. To this Barlow told her all the stories about the people and the places and where they lived, the official music video for Sing premiered on 18 May 2012, via Barlows official YouTube account. It was also premiered in full on the BBC during The One Show and it features Barlows journey across The Commonwealth creating the song, and adding the vocals and instruments from various countries. It also includes clips of Prince Charles, Prince Harry and of Barlow and Lloyd Webber writing the music to the song as well as the mastering and addition of the orchestra to the track. But if anyone can teach the world to sing in perfect harmony it is Barlow and its so inclusive it even lets Prince Harry have a go, giving a tambourine a bash. He concludes by stating that the song is a refreshingly unstarry work, the song debuted at number 16 in Scotland and entered the top 60 in Ireland after 4 days on sale. The following week it rose from 53 to 12 in the Irish Singles Chart, Sing also entered the Netherlands Top 100 at 69 with it also peaking at 88 in Belgium. The song became Barlows first number 1 single in the UK since his 1997 hit Love Wont Wait, sings sales week-on-week rose by 338. 91% in its second week and were the highest weekly sale for a number one for 25 weeks
Sing (Gary Barlow song)
–
"Sing"
23.
Queen Elizabeth II
–
Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
Queen Elizabeth II
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The Queen in March 2015
Queen Elizabeth II
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Princess Elizabeth aged 3, April 1929
Queen Elizabeth II
–
Princess Elizabeth aged 7, painted by
Philip de László, 1933
Queen Elizabeth II
–
Elizabeth in
Auxiliary Territorial Service uniform, April 1945
24.
Diamond Jubilee Concert
–
The Diamond Jubilee Concert was a concert held on 4 June 2012 outside Buckingham Palace on The Mall in London. The concert was organised by Take That singer-songwriter Gary Barlow and was part of Queen Elizabeth IIs Diamond Jubilee celebrations. The concert was attended by the Queen, who arrived at 9pm. Prince Charles and other members of the family attended the whole concert. After the application period closed, successful applicants were then drawn by random ballot, a total of 1.2 million applications were eventually received,240 for every available pair. The concert took place on bank holiday Monday 4 June as part of the extended weekend celebrations for the Diamond Jubilee, the acts performed on a specially constructed stage, with a canopy, around the Queen Victoria Memorial, in front of the palace. The stage was designed by Mark Fisher, the house band was led by Mike Stevens who was also the Musical Director of the concert using the Take That/Gary Barlow band a few extra musicians and the BBC Concert Orchestra. Performances included one-off collaborations between artists, elton John, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney brought their own bands to the concert. Gary Barlow and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote a song for the jubilee entitled Sing which was performed for the first time at the concert by a choir from many Commonwealth countries, the song draws inspiration from the music and people of the Commonwealth. Its creation was the subject of a one-hour BBC documentary broadcast on 3 June 2012 by BBC One, Concert ticket holders were given access to the palace gardens for an afternoon picnic before the main event. They were served cold hampers with a British themed menu specially designed by Heston Blumenthal, the running order was, Robbie Williams with drummers and trumpeters from the second battalion of the Coldstream Guards – Let Me Entertain You Introduction - Rob Brydon will. i. During the interlude, the Queen arrived, the film was accompanied by the BBC Concert Orchestra, performing an instrumental arrangement of Beautiful Day. Interlude - Lenny Henry Stevie Wonder – Sir Duke, Isnt She Lovely, the concert was broadcast live on BBC One, BBC One HD and BBC Radio 2. American broadcaster ABC showed highlights the following day after as Concert For The Queen and it was later confirmed that the BBCs coverage wouldnt be affected by any strikes. It aired on 5 June on CBC television in Canada, BBC Entertainment showed the concert on 8 June in Latin America. The concert aired from 19,30 until approximately 23,00 UK time, in the UK the programme was seen by an average of 15.32 million viewers on BBC One, peaking near 17 million, making it the 14th highest UK TV audience of 2012. For the ABC broadcast the following aired, will. i, grand Finale - The Queen lit the National Beacon followed by a display of fireworks, during which the melodies of several national hymns were played. Annie Lennoxs participation was listed in the program description yet her appearance did not air, the 5 June show on ABC opened to 6.4 million before rising in the second hour to 7.2 million for an average of 6.8 million viewers for the evening
Diamond Jubilee Concert
–
The concert was held at the end of
The Mall, directly in front of
Buckingham Palace, where a special stage was built.
25.
Delta Goodrem
–
Delta Lea Goodrem is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Sydney, New South Wales, she enrolled in dancing, acting, singing and she began her career as a child actress, starring in various television shows and rose to prominence in 2002 in the Australian soap opera Neighbours as Nina Tucker. This made Goodrem the first and only artist to have five singles from a debut album. Innocent Eyes is the album of the 2000s decade in Australia. Her second studio album, Mistaken Identity, was created while she was suffering from cancer and it became her second number-one album and brought her two more number-one singles, including Out of the Blue. In 2007, Goodrem released Delta, her third number-one album and her fourth studio album, Child of the Universe, produced the successful single Sitting on Top of the World. In 2016, her album, Wings of the Wild, became her fourth number-one album on the ARIA Albums Chart, while giving her another number-one single. Goodrem has a total of nine singles and 17 top-ten hits on the ARIA Singles Chart. She has sold eight million albums globally and won three World Music Awards,9 ARIA Music Awards, an MTV Video Music Award and several other awards. From 2012 to 2013, she served as a coach on The Voice Australia and she returned to The Voice Australia in 2015. Goodrem was born on 9 November 1984, to Denis and Lea and she has a younger brother, Trent, who is an Australian rules football player with the Central District Football Club in the South Australian National Football League. Goodrems parents named her Delta after Joe Cockers song Delta Lady and she appeared in numerous commercials for companies such as Optus and Nesquik, and had several minor roles in episodes of successful Australian television shows including Hey Dad. A Country Practice, and Police Rescue, while residing at Glenhaven, a suburb of Sydney, Goodrem attended the Hills Grammar School in neighbouring Kenthurst, from kindergarten until Year 11. She is known to return to her alma mater for visits, at the age of thirteen, Goodrem recorded a five-song demo CD, financed through her television work. It was sent to the Sydney Swans and they passed it onto Glenn Wheatley, interested in Goodrems potential as a recording artist, Wheatley signed Goodrem to an artist development deal with independent label, Empire Records. The album has yet to surface, Goodrem preventing its release years later via civil action in 2004, the album and proposed second single A Year Ago Today were pushed aside as a result, allowing Goodrem and Sony to re-evaluate her future musical direction. In 2002, Goodrem took up the role as shy school girl and aspiring singer Nina Tucker in the popular soap Neighbours, which helped re-launch Goodrems music career. The piano-based ballad Born to Try, co-written by Audius Mtawarira, premiered on the show and reached number one on the ARIA Singles Chart, Born to Try was certified triple Platinum in Australia for sales of over 210,000 copies
Delta Goodrem
–
Goodrem attending the
2014 ARIA Music Awards in
Sydney, Australia in 2014
Delta Goodrem
–
Delta Goodrem at
The Palazzo resort in
Las Vegas
Delta Goodrem
–
Delta Goodrem in concert
Delta Goodrem
–
Goodrem performing during promotion in Australia
26.
The Voice (Australia series 2)
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The second season of The Voice, the Australian reality talent show, premiered on 7 April 2013. Keith Urban did not return as well, and was replaced by Ricky Martin, the season is part of the television franchise, The Voice and is based on a similar competition format in The Netherlands entitled The Voice of Holland. The winner receives a contract with Universal Music. This season consists of four phases, the auditions, battle phase, followed by the showdowns. For the second season, during the battle phase of the competition. If more than one coach hits their buzzer to recruit the singer in question and this format was first used in the third season of the American version of The Voice. --> Season 1 coaches Delta Goodrem, Joel Madden and Seal returned. It was announced in September 2012 that Keith Urban would not be returning as a coach for the second season, following an extensive search process by producers, and constant media speculation on who would replace Urban, Ricky Martin was officially announced as the new coach in November 2012. In response to joining the series, Martin paid tribute to Urban saying he was humbled to be sitting in his chair. Mentors for the season were announced on 1 March 2013 as Ryan Tedder, Jessica Mauboy, Ben Lee and Connie Mitchell. Darren McMullen returned as host for the season, while Faustina Agolley also returned as social media correspondent. Color key The first episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 7 April 2013, the coaches performed a cover of Diamonds together at the start of the show. Celia Pavey and Kaity Dunstan both entered the ARIA Singles Charts after their performances at No.27 and No.40 respectively, the second episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 8 April 2013. Harrison Craig entered the ARIA Singles Charts after his performance at No.18, the third episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 9 April 2013. The fourth episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 10 April 2013, there was an error with the chairs during Kathy Hinchs audition because they wouldnt turn when they pressed it. The error was fixed at the end of her audition still making her through to the show The fifth episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 14 April 2013. The sixth episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 15 April 2013, +Delta pressed Rickys button Imogen Brough entered the ARIA Singles Charts following her performance, at No.43. The seventh episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 16 April 2013, the eighth episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 21 April 2013. The ninth and final episode of the Blind Auditions was broadcast on 22 April 2013, the first episode of the Battle Rounds was broadcast on 23 April 2013
The Voice (Australia series 2)
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The Voice
27.
His Life and Music
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His Life And Music is a live album by Gurrumul and The Sydney Symphony Orchestra. The album was recorded live at the Sydney Opera House for Vivid Festival in May 2013, the recording features Gurrumul, in a world-first collaboration with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, performing a collection of songs from his award winning albums. Also included on the album are introductions from Gurrumul’s family that provide an insight into the people, the country. The album was released on 6 December 2013 and peaked at #48 on the ARIA albums chart, Australian Independent Record Labels Association Awards Australian Recording Industry Association Awards
His Life and Music
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His Life and Music
28.
Sydney Opera House
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The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, Australia. It is one of the 20th centurys most famous and distinctive buildings, designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the building was formally opened on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzons 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, performances are presented by numerous performing artists, including four resident companies, Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. As one of the most popular attractions in Australia, more than eight million people visit the site annually. The building is managed by the Sydney Opera House Trust, an agency of the New South Wales State Government, on 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The building covers 1.8 hectares of land and is 183 m long and 120 m wide at its widest point and it is supported on 588 concrete piers sunk as much as 25 m below sea level. Although the roof structures are referred to as shells, they are precast concrete panels supported by precast concrete ribs. Though the shells appear uniformly white from a distance, they feature a subtle chevron pattern composed of 1,056,006 tiles in two colours, glossy white and matte cream. The tiles were manufactured by the Swedish company Höganäs AB which generally produced stoneware tiles for the paper-mill industry. Apart from the tile of the shells and the curtain walls of the foyer spaces. Significant interior surface treatments also include off-form concrete, Australian white birch plywood supplied from Wauchope in northern New South Wales, of the two larger spaces, the Concert Hall is in the western group of shells, the Joan Sutherland Theatre in the eastern group. The scale of the shells was chosen to reflect the internal requirements, with low entrance spaces. The smaller venues are within the podium, beneath the Concert Hall, a smaller group of shells set to the western side of the Monumental Steps houses the Bennelong Restaurant. The podium is surrounded by substantial open spaces, and the large stone-paved forecourt area with the adjacent monumental steps is regularly used as a performance space. The Sydney Opera House includes a number of venues, Concert Hall, With 2,679 seats. It contains the Sydney Opera House Grand Organ, the largest mechanical action organ in the world. Joan Sutherland Theatre, A proscenium theatre with 1,507 seats, until 16 October 2012 it was known as the Opera Theatre. Drama Theatre, A proscenium theatre with 544 seats, used by the Sydney Theatre Company and other dance, Playhouse, An end-stage theatre with 398 seats
Sydney Opera House
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Sydney Opera House
Sydney Opera House
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Sydney Opera House showing ferry boat
Sydney Opera House
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Interior of the Concert Hall
Sydney Opera House
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Bennelong Point with tram depot in the 1920s (top left-hand side of photograph)
29.
ABC Music
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ABC Music is an Australian independent record label that operates as a subsidiary of Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Established in 1974, it is one of the record labels in the country. ABC Music receives distribution from Universal Music Australia, and operates imprints including ABC Classics, ABC Kids, as a commercial entity ABC Music invests all profits back into the broader ABC, to fund production of further content within the corporation. The label has been in existence for over 40 years and has a catalogue of recordings by Australian. The label has released many compilation albums for ABC Radio stations. This includes triple js Hottest 100, Like A Version, House Party, One Night Stand, Beat The Drum and 40 Years Of Music releases, as well as tribute albums to Nick Cave and Paul Kelly. Additionally, the label produces special one-off releases, such as His Life and Music, the label also produces popular compilation releases including Countdown, rage, Hit Country, and ABC Kids themed titles. The label has enjoyed success in recent years, including ARIA Chart #1 albums from Lee Kernaghan. ABC Audio is a producer of audiobooks and other spoken word releases
ABC Music
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ABC Music: The Radio 1 Sessions
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