Geomagnetically induced currents are electrical currents induced at the Earth's surface by rapid changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field caused by space weather events. GICs can affect the normal ope
The basic principle for the generation of GIC: variations of the ionospheric currents (I(t)) generate an electric field (E(t)) driving GIC. Shown are also real GIC recordings from the Finnish natural gas pipeline.
Schematic illustration of the cathodic protection system used to protect pipeline from corrosion.
Solar cycle 22
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Solar cycle 22 was the 22nd solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 9.9 years, beginning in September 1986 and ending in August 1996. T
The Sun, with some sunspots visible, during solar cycle 22 (1992).
Artist's depiction of solar wind colliding with Earth's magnetosphere.