1.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
2.
Beverly Hills, California
–
Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
Beverly Hills, California
–
Beverly Hills at the corner of Rodeo Drive & Via Rodeo
Beverly Hills, California
–
Seal
Beverly Hills, California
–
Aerial view, 3D computer generated image
Beverly Hills, California
–
Hammel and Denker ranch, c. 1905
3.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
–
Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912. Eaton took over the management of the cemetery in 1917, Eaton was a firm believer in a joyous life after death. A number of plaques which state Eatons intentions are signed The Builder, frederick Llewellyn, Eatons nephew, became CEO of Forest Lawn in 1966. In 1987 he was succeeded by his son, John Llewellyn, for many decades the cemetery refused black, Jewish, and Chinese burials. The Forest Lawn Museum in Glendale was founded in 1957 and displays art, artifacts, the museum has hosted solo exhibitions for Henri Matisse, Winslow Homer, Ian Hornak, Francisco Goya, Rembrandt, Marc Davis and Reuben Nakian among many others. The objects in Forest Lawns permanent collection represent specific locations and peoples from around the world, there are sections for India, Africa, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, South America, Australia and Europe. D. The stained glass collection includes portions of William Randolph Hearsts former collection and owns the work of Albrecht Dürer, all of these precious art pieces are put in storage or hidden behind temporary walls when a special display is on site. The six Forest Lawn cemeteries contain about 1,500 statues, about 10% of which are reproductions of works of art. On display in the Hall of the Crucifixion is the painting by the Polish artist Jan Styka entitled The Crucifixion. It is the largest permanently mounted religious painting in the world, the main gates of Forest Lawn – Glendale are claimed to be the worlds largest wrought iron gates. Over 60,000 people have actually been married here, including Ronald Reagan, more than 250,000 people are buried at Forest Lawn, and over a million people visit it each year, including thousands of schoolchildren on field trips. Many commentators have considered Forest Lawn to be a unique American creation, the Great Mausoleum was fashioned after Campo Santo in Genoa, Italy and contains many of the most highly sought after interment places within Forest Lawn, Glendale. Within the portion of the Great Mausoleum accessible to the public is the Court of Honor where individuals are inducted as Immortals by Forest Lawns Council of Regents, the rest of the structure is protected by guards and is closed to the public. Time magazine described it as the New Worlds Westminster Abbey, in 2009 the cemetery became the focus of intense media interest surrounding the private interment of Michael Jackson in the privacy of Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum. List of United States cemeteries Providencia Ranch The Loved One – a satirical novel inspired by Forest Lawn, official website Evelyn Waughs witty essay, Half in love with easeful death, imagines archaeologists in 1000 years coming upon Forest Lawn
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
–
Forest Lawn's Great Mausoleum
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
–
Song of the Angels by
William Bouguereau, 1881.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
–
A copy of
Michelangelo 's
David
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
–
Mosaic of
Trumbull's Declaration of Independence
4.
Gracie Allen
–
Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Gracie Allen was an American comedian who became internationally famous as the zany partner and comic foil of husband George Burns, her straight man. For contributions to the industry, Gracie Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6672 Hollywood Boulevard. The team of Burns and Allen was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988, Allen was born in San Francisco, California, to George Allen and Margaret Theresa Allen, who were both of Irish Catholic extraction. She made her first appearance on stage at age three and was given her first role on the radio by Eddie Cantor and she was educated at the Star of the Sea Convent School and during that time became a talented dancer. She soon began performing Irish folk dances with her three sisters, who were billed as The Four Colleens, in 1909, Allen joined her sister, Bessie, as a vaudeville performer. At a performance in 1922, Allen met George Burns and the two formed a comedy act and they were married on January 7,1926, in Cleveland, Ohio. Allen was born with heterochromia, giving her two different color eyes, one blue and one green, depending on the source, Allen is alleged to have been born on July 26 in 1895,1896,1902 or 1906. All public records held by the City and County of San Francisco were destroyed in the earthquake and great fire of April 1906. Her husband, George Burns, also professed not to know exactly how old she was, though it was presumably he who provided the date July 26,1902 and her crypt marker also shows her year of birth as 1902. The most reliable information comes from the U. S. Census data collected on June 1,1900, the Burns and Allen act began with Allen as the straight man, setting up Burns to deliver the punchlines—and get the laughs. Audiences immediately fell in love with Allens character, who combined the traits of naivete, zaniness, the reformulated team, focusing on Allen, toured the country, eventually headlining in major vaudeville houses. Many of their famous routines were preserved in one- and two-reel short films, including Lambchops, Burns attributed all of the couples early success to Allen, modestly ignoring his own brilliance as a straight man. He summed up their act in a quip, All I had to do was say, Gracie. And she talked for 38 years, and sometimes I didnt even have to remember to say Gracie, hows your brother. In the early 1930s, like many stars of their era, Burns, the show was originally a continuation of their original flirtation act. Burns and Allen frequently used running gags as publicity stunts, during 1932–33, they pulled off one of the most successful in the business, a year-long search for Allens supposedly missing brother. They would make unannounced cameo appearances on shows, asking if anyone had seen Allens brother. Gracie Allens real-life brother was apparently the person who did not find the gag funny
Gracie Allen
–
Publicity still of Allen from the Burns and Allen CBS Radio program
Gracie Allen
–
Gracie Allen, George Burns and children aboard
Matson flagship
Lurline just before they sailed for Hawaii, 1938
Gracie Allen
–
Gracie Allen How To Become President
Gracie Allen
–
Crypt of Gracie Allen, in the Freedom Mausoleum, Forest Lawn Glendale.
5.
Ronnie Burns (actor)
–
Ronald Jon Ronnie Burns was an American television actor. He is primarily remembered as the son of comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen, born in Evanston, Illinois, Ronnie Burns was five weeks old when he was adopted in Chicago September 27,1935, by George Burns and Gracie Allen. His older sister, Sandra Jean, had adopted the year before and was then 13 months old. According to George Burns, Ronnie had been the most sickly baby up for adoption from the agency and he first appeared on the show on October 18,1954 as the bridesgroom on the episode Gracie Gives a Wedding in Payment of a Favor. Upon joining the show full-time, numerous episodes revolved around the fictional Ronnie Burns dating and his good looks and popularity helped the show gain the attention of younger viewers in its final years. Later he appeared on The George Burns Show, a series produced after his mother retired from show business. Burns starred in the 1960–61 NBC comedy series Happy, in which he and Yvonne Lime Fedderson played Chris and Sally Day and he played the manager of the Palm Desert Hotel in Palm Springs. Lloyd Corrigan, Doris Packer, and Burt Metcalfe had supporting roles and he made an uncredited appearance as Wallace on the Young at Heart episode of The Honeymooners, which featured Ralph Kramden trying to roller skate with disastrous results. Burns made a appearance on Bachelor Father starring John Forsythe. Never comfortable with celebrity, Burns left acting and he produced a situation comedy, Wendy and Me, in which his father starred. He then went into real estate investment and raised horses at a ranch he owned in Santa Ynez, Ronnie Burns died November 14,2007, of cancer, at his Pacific Palisades home. He was survived by his wife Janice, three sons and six grandchildren, Ronnie Burns at the Internet Movie Database
Ronnie Burns (actor)
–
With actress
Jacqueline Beer from the Burns and Allen television show, 1956.
6.
Vaudeville
–
Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment. It was especially popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s, a typical vaudeville performance is made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. A vaudeville performer is often referred to as a vaudevillian, Vaudeville developed from many sources, including the concert saloon, minstrelsy, freak shows, dime museums, and literary American burlesque. Called the heart of American show business, vaudeville was one of the most popular types of entertainment in North America for several decades, the origin of this term is obscure, but is often explained as being derived from the French expression voix de ville. A second speculation is that it comes from the songs on satire by poet Olivier Basselin. Some, however, preferred the term variety to what manager Tony Pastor called its sissy. Thus, vaudeville was marketed as variety well into the 20th century, with its first subtle appearances within the early 1860s, vaudeville was not initially a common form of entertainment. The form gradually evolved from the saloon and variety hall into its mature form throughout the 1870s and 1880s. This more gentle form was known as Polite Vaudeville, in the years before the American Civil War, entertainment existed on a different scale. Certainly, variety theatre existed before 1860 in Europe and elsewhere, in the US, as early as the first decades of the 19th century, theatregoers could enjoy a performance consisting of Shakespeare plays, acrobatics, singing, dancing, and comedy. As the years progressed, people seeking diversified amusement found a number of ways to be entertained. Vaudeville was characterized by traveling companies touring through cities and towns, a significant influence also came from Dutch minstrels and comedians. Vaudeville incorporated these various itinerant amusements into a stable, institutionalized form centered in Americas growing urban hubs, pastors experiment proved successful, and other managers soon followed suit. B. F. Keith took the step, starting in Boston. Later, E. F. Albee, adoptive grandfather of the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Edward Albee, circuits such as those managed by Keith-Albee provided vaudevilles greatest economic innovation and the principal source of its industrial strength. They enabled a chain of allied vaudeville houses that remedied the chaos of the booking system by contracting acts for regional and national tours. These could easily be lengthened from a few weeks to two years, Albee also gave national prominence to vaudevilles trumpeting polite entertainment, a commitment to entertainment equally inoffensive to men, women and children. Acts that violated this ethos were admonished and threatened with expulsion from the remaining performances or were canceled altogether
Vaudeville
–
A promotional poster for the Sandow Trocadero Vaudevilles (1894), showing dancers, clowns, trapeze artists and costumed dogs
Vaudeville
–
Typical provincial venue on the circuit: "The Opera" in
Kirksville, Missouri
Vaudeville
–
This 1913 how-to booklet for would-be vaudevillians was recently republished.
Vaudeville
–
As the genre declined, most performers left the theatre; here the kid
hoofer Ray Wollbrinck (cousin of
Louis Wollbrinck), once called "the cleverest buckdancer on the vaudeville stage"; he later became a bandleader and ended his days as a
bank teller.
7.
Burns and Allen
–
Burns and Allen was an American comedy duo consisting of George Burns and his wife, Gracie Allen. They worked together as a comedy team that entertained vaudeville, film, radio. The duo met in 1922 and married in 1926, Burns was the straight man and Allen was a silly, addle-headed woman. The duo starred in a number of movies including Lambchops, The Big Broadcast, after their radio shows cancellation, Burns and Allen reemerged on television with a popular situation comedy, which ran from 1950 to 1958. Burns and Allens radio show was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1994 and their TV series received a total of 11 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and produced what TV Guide ranked No.56 on its 1997 list of the 100 greatest episodes of all time. Burns wrote most of the material and played the straight man, Allen played a silly, addle-headed woman, a role often attributed to the Dumb Dora stereotype common in early 20th-century vaudeville comedy. Early on, the team had played the roles until they noticed that the audience was laughing at Gracies straight lines. In later years, each attributed their success to the other, the Burns and Allen team was not an overnight sensation. We were a good act, Burns said, but we were not headliners or stars or featured attractions. We were on the bill with them, there would be a star or two stars and a featured attraction, and then we would come — fourth billing in an eight-act show. Their career changed direction when they made their first film, in the early days of talking pictures, the studios eagerly hired actors who knew how to deliver dialogue or songs. The most prolific of these studios was Warner Bros. whose Vitaphone Varieties shorts captured vaudeville headliners of the 1920s on film, Burns and Allen earned a reputation as a reliable disappointment act. So it went with their film debut and they were last-minute replacements for another act and ran through their patter-and-song routine in Lambchops. After a restoration, the film was released on DVD in October 2007, Paramount Pictures used its East Coast studio to film New York-based stage and vaudeville stars. Eddie Cantor, Fred Allen, Ethel Merman and Smith and Dale were among the top acts seen in Paramount shorts, in 1932, Paramount produced an all-star musical comedy, The Big Broadcast, featuring the nations hottest radio personalities. Burns and Allen were recruited, and made such an impression that they continued to make guest appearances in Paramount features through 1937, most of these used the Big Broadcast formula of an all-star comedy cast. In 1935 the team starred in a pair of low-budget features, Here Comes Cookie. At RKO, Fred Astaire succeeded in his efforts to make a musical feature without Ginger Rogers, and their names appeared with Astaires before the title
Burns and Allen
–
Burns and Allen in 1952
Burns and Allen
–
Burns and Allen, Maxwell House Coffee Time (1945–49)
Burns and Allen
–
Burns and Allen in 1953
8.
The Sunshine Boys (1975 film)
–
This would be Matthaus last Neil Simon movie until 1982s I Ought to Be in Pictures with Ann-Margret and Dinah Manoff. Woody Allen originally was asked to direct, but he was interested in playing the role of Lewis. Twenty years later, he would be cast as Lewis in the 1996 television adaptation, initially, Bob Hope and Bing Crosby were proposed for the leads, but Simon was opposed to the idea, as he felt the roles required Jewish comedians. Several actors, including Groucho Marx and Phil Silvers were considered, Skelton declined after realizing his income was higher performing his stand-up comedy than what he was offered for the film, he was replaced by the younger Matthau. Burns Academy Award-winning role revived his career and redefined his popular image as a remarkably active, Al Lewis and Willy Clark are two old comedians who were once a popular vaudeville comedy act known as Lewis and Clark and also called the Sunshine Boys. After 43 years together, they parted ways 11 years ago on unfriendly terms and have not spoken to each other since then, the break-up was due, in part, to Als intent to retire and Willys desire to continue performing. Willys nephew, Ben, a talent agent, tries finding work for Willy, when one of the major networks decides to air a program on the history of comedy and wants the Sunshine Boys to reunite for the show, Ben tries securing the duos cooperation one last time. This results in a shouting argument and Als stormy departure. Ben has to patch up and salvage the situation, despite the objections of Als daughter to her father being bothered any more about the special and manages to get them in the studio. In the dressing room, they do not speak to other as persons. There is unpleasantness when Willy carelessly dumps makeup jars on Al, followed by Willys usual trouble with doors, after Phyllis Diller finishes her scene and Steve Allen speaks his introduction, the Doctor Sketch starts. It flows smoothly until Willy starts shouting about Als spitting on him, despite Ben and the staff trying to restore order, Willy finally storms off the set, shouting accusations and abuse, and Al also leaves. In the stairwell, Willys ongoing temper tantrum results in him being felled by a heart attack. Willy recovers, first in the hospital and then at home with a private nurse, Ben visits and tells him that he has to retire now. He has in mind an actors retirement home, Al is also going to move into the same retirement home, as his daughter is going to have a baby, and she will need his room. The two meet again at Willys apartment, in attempts to establish a friendship
The Sunshine Boys (1975 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
9.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Walter Brennan was the first winner in this category for 1936's
Come and Get It; He would also win for his roles in
Kentucky (1938) and
The Westerner (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Van Heflin won in 1942 for his performance in
Johnny Eager.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
George Sanders won for his role in 1950's
All About Eve.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
–
Karl Malden won in 1951 for
A Streetcar Named Desire.
10.
Centenarian
–
A centenarian is a person who lives to or beyond the age of 100 years. Because life expectancies worldwide are less than 100, the term is associated with longevity. A supercentenarian is a person who has lived to the age of 110 or more, there has only been one known case of a person of 120 years of age or older. In 2012, the United Nations estimated that there were 316,600 living centenarians worldwide, as life expectancy is increasing across the world, and the world population has also increased rapidly, the number of centenarians is expected to increase quickly in the future. According to the UK ONS, one-third of babies born in 2013 in the UK are expected to live to 100. The United States currently has the greatest number of known centenarians of any nation with 53,364 according to the 2010 Census, in 2010,82. 8% of US centenarians were female. Japan has the second-largest number of centenarians, with an estimated 51,376 as of September 2012, Japan started recording its centenarians in 1963. The number of Japanese centenarians in that year was 153, but surpassed the 10,000 mark in 1998,20,000 in 2003, and 40,000 in 2009. According to a 1998 United Nations demographic survey, Japan is expected to have 272,000 centenarians by 2050, the incidence of centenarians in Japan was one per 3,522 people in 2008. In Japan, the number of centenarians is highly skewed towards females, Japan in fiscal year 2016 had 57,525 female centenarians, while males were 8,167, a ratio of 7,1. The increase of centenarians was even more skewed at 11.6,1, the total number of living centenarians in the world remains uncertain. It was estimated by the Population Division of the United Nations as 23,000 in 1950,110,000 in 1990,150,000 in 1995,209,000 in 2000,324,000 in 2005 and 455,000 in 2009. The following table gives estimated centenarian populations by country, including both the latest and the earliest known estimates, where available, in many countries, people receive a gift or congratulations on their 100th birthday. In the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, the British monarch sends greetings on the 100th birthday, the practice was formalised from 1917, under the reign of King George V, who also sent congratulations on the attainment of a 60th Wedding anniversary. NBCs Today Show has also named new centenarians on air since 1983, Centenarians born in Ireland receive a €2,540 Centenarians Bounty and a letter from the President of Ireland, even if they are resident abroad. Japanese centenarians receive a cup and a certificate from the Prime Minister of Japan upon their 100th birthday. Swedish centenarians receive a telegram from the King and Queen of Sweden, Centenarians born in Italy receive a letter from the President of Italy. In Japan, a National Respect for the Aged Day has been celebrated every September since 1966, an aspect of blessing in many cultures is to offer a wish that the recipient lives to 100 years old
Centenarian
–
102-year-old Samuel Downing, a veteran of the
American Revolutionary War, in 1864
Centenarian
–
Canadian centenarian
Muriel Duckworth, photographed in honor of her 100th birthday in 2008
Centenarian
–
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was one of the most well-documented centenarians, who lived until 101 years old.
Centenarian
–
An 1895 photograph of a
Chaldean man from
Mosul,
Iraq, said to be 107 years old
11.
Jews
–
The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jews
–
Baruch Spinoza
Jews
–
Map of
Canaan
Jews
–
David Ben-Gurion
Jews
–
George Gershwin
12.
Kolbuszowa
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Kolbuszowa is a small town in south-eastern Poland, with 9,190 inhabitants. Situated among the forests of Sandomierz Wilderness in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, Kolbuszowa belongs to historic Lesser Poland, near its border with another historic region, Red Ruthenia. The name of the town comes from the land owner Kolbusz and it appeared for the first time in 1503 in place where Poręby Wielkie used to exist. The town, which belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship, was founded before 1683. Kolbuszowa was located on an important trade route from Sandomierz to Przemyśl, as the owners of the area were the Leliwa Tarnowski, Kolbuszowa belonged to the Sandomierz County. With regards to the Roman Catholic Church Kolbuszowa was under the Kraków diocese, during the partitions of Poland the town was in the Rzeszów district of the Austrian Galicia and in 1867 it became the seat of its own county. Before World War II, half of Kolbuszowas population was Jewish, during the war, German troops burned down part of the town and about half of the Jewish population perished. In September 1941 Germans established a ghetto and interned 2500 people, in September 1942 the ghetto was emptied and its entire population was moved to a ghetto in Rzeszów. On September 9,1939 a 2-day battle between the Polish Army and the German 2nd Panzer Division took place here. During the war units of Polish Armia Krajowa and BCh operating in this area discovered testing sites for the German V-1, the Red Army entered Kolubuszowa in July 1944 and local Polish AK units attacked retreating German units, several dozen partisans died in the operation. After World War II, Kolbuszowa was rebuilt, new school districts were created, as well as a library and Museum of Culture. In 1964, a new link was established, Rzeszów – Głogów Małopolski – Kolbuszowa. In 1971, it was extended to Nowa Dęba and Tarnobrzeg and this connected Kolbuszowa to all the major cities in Poland including the capital, Warsaw. It was a culmination of decades of preparations which started when this part of Poland was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, jan Bytnar, Scoutmaster, Polish Scouting resistance activist and Second Lieutenant of Armia Krajowa Marian Krzaklewski, Polish politician, was born in Kolbuszowa
Kolbuszowa
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Town well
Kolbuszowa
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Saint Mark church from Rzochów
Kolbuszowa
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Cottage from Sędzisz Małopolski in skansen at Folk Culture Museum
Kolbuszowa
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Pottery workshop in skansen at Folk Culture Museum
13.
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
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Galicia is a historical and geographic region in Central-Eastern Europe, once a small Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine. The area, which is named after the city of Halych, was first mentioned in Hungarian historical chronicles in the year 1206 as Galiciæ. The nucleus of historic Galicia lies within the regions of western Ukraine, Lviv, Ternopil. In the 18th century, territories that became part of the modern Polish regions of Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. There is considerable overlap between Galicia and south-west Ruthenia, especially a cross-border region that is inhabited by various nationalities, Halych-Volhynia cut a swathe as a mighty principality under the reign of Roman the Great in 1170–1205. After the expulsion of the Hungarians in 1221, Ruthenians took back rule of the area, Romans son Daniel of Galicia was crowned king of Halych-Volhynia. He founded Lviv, named in honour of his son Leo I, the Ukrainian name Halych comes from the Khwalis or Kaliz who occupied the area from the time of the Magyars. They were also called Khalisioi in Greek, and Khvalis in Ukrainian, the Lypytsia culture supposedly replaced the existing Thracian Hallstatt and Vysotske cultures. Others assert that the name has Slavic origins – from halytsa, meaning a naked hill, the jackdaw was used as a charge in the citys coat of arms and later also in the coat of arms of Galicia. The name, however, predates the coat of arms, which may represent canting or simply folk etymology, although the Hungarians were driven out from Halych-Volhynia by 1221, Hungarian kings continued to add Galicia et Lodomeria to their official titles. In 1527, the Habsburgs inherited those titles, together with the Hungarian crown, in 1772, Empress Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary, decided to use those historical claims to justify her participation in the first partition of Poland. In fact, the territories acquired by Austria did not correspond exactly to those of former Halych-Volhynia, Volhynia, including the city of Volodymyr-Volynskyi – after which Lodomeria was named – was taken by Russia, not Austria. On the other hand, much of Lesser Poland – Nowy Sącz and Przemyśl, Zamość, Lublin, the full official name of the new Austrian province was Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator. After the incorporation of the Free City of Kraków in 1846, it was extended to Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, each of those entities was formally separate, they were listed as such in the Austrian emperors titles, each had its distinct coat-of-arms and flag. For administrative purposes, however, they formed a single province, the duchies of Auschwitz and Zator were small historical principalities west of Kraków, on the border with Prussian Silesia. Lodomeria, under the name Volhynia, was not ruled by Austria, dale Dwellers, Krakowiacy, Mazury, Grębowiacy, Głuchoniemcy, Bełżanie, Bużanie, Opolanie, Wołyniacy, Pobereżcy or Nistrowianie. During the Great Migration period of Europe, a variety of nomadic groups invaded the area, overall, Slavs came to dominate the Celtic-German population. In the 12th century, a Rurikid Principality of Halych formed there, Galicia and Volhynia had originally been two separate Rurikid principalities, assigned on a rotating basis to younger members of the Kievan dynasty
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
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Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, 1914]]
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
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The legislative
Sejm of the Land was located in the capital city, Lviv
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
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Reconstruction of the historic border (1772-1918) between Austrian Galicia and Austrian Silesia in Bielsko-Biała
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
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Siege of Przemyśl in 1915
14.
First Roumanian-American Congregation
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Those who organized the congregation in 1885 were part of a substantial wave of Romanian-Jewish immigrants, most of whom settled in the Lower East Side. The Rivington Street building, built around 1860, had previously been a church, then a synagogue, then a church again and it was transformed into a synagogue for a second time when the First Roumanian-American congregation purchased it in 1902 and again remodeled it. The synagogue became famous as the Cantors Carnegie Hall, because of its ceiling, good acoustics. Yossele Rosenblatt, Moshe Koussevitzky, Zavel Kwartin, Moishe Oysher, Jan Peerce, red Buttons sang in the choir, George Burns was a member, and Edward G. Robinson had his Bar Mitzvah there. The congregations membership was in the thousands in the 1940s, but by the early 2000s had declined to around 40, though its building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, the congregation was reluctant to accept outside assistance in maintaining it. In December 2005, water damage was found in the structural beams, in January 2006, the synagogues roof collapsed, and the building was demolished two months later. From 1881 through 1914, approximately 2 million Jews immigrated to the United States from Europe, an estimated three-quarters of them settled in New York City, primarily in the Lower East Side. Over 75,000 of these immigrants were from Romania, where Jews faced antisemitic laws, violence and these hardships, combined with low crop yields and economic depression, resulted in 30 percent of the Jews in Romania emigrating to the United States. Romanian Jewish immigrants in New York City gravitated to an area bounded by Allen, Ludlow, Houston. This Romanian quarter became the most densely populated part of the Lower East Side and these immigrants founded the First Roumanian-American congregation, also known as Congregation Shaarey Shamoyim. The origins of the congregation are disputed, its establishment in 1885 may have been a re-organization of a congregation founded in 1860, the Rivington Street building was constructed as a Protestant church around 1860 by the Second Reformed Presbyterian Church, which served the areas large German immigrant community. In November 1864 the building was sold to the Orthodox German-Jewish Congregation Shaaray Hashomayim, by the late 1880s, the German-Jewish community had mostly moved from the Lower East Side. The Church Extension and Missionary Society engaged J. Cleaveland Cady to design alterations to the structure. Cady was, at the time, New Yorks most famous church architect, the renovations cost approximately $36,000, and included an entirely new Romanesque Revival facade in the reddish-orange brick that Cady also used on several other churches. Renamed the Allen Street Methodist Episcopal Church, the Rivington Street buildings new purpose was to attract Jewish immigrants seeking conversion and it was, however, unsuccessful in this endeavor. In 1895, the churchs pastor stated, The existence of the church here attracts few and our audiences are small, and contain almost no Jews. At the time, the property was valued at $95,000, the most generous gift was $500, at a time when $10 was two weeks pay. The congregation also took out two mortgages, one for $50,000 with the Title Insurance Company, and a second for $30,000 with the Church Extension, the congregation commissioned Charles E. Reid for extensive renovations, at a cost of $6,000
First Roumanian-American Congregation
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Synagogue entrance-way in 2005
First Roumanian-American Congregation
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First Roumanian-American synagogue building on Rivington Street
First Roumanian-American Congregation
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Demolition of the Rivington Street building
First Roumanian-American Congregation
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Carved stones from the arch of the entrance to the collapsed First Roumanian-American synagogue and its former Talmud Torah, incorporated into the entrance of the building next door at 95 Rivington Street
15.
Influenza epidemic
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Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of outbreaks of influenza. The season occurs during the half of the year in each hemisphere. Influenza activity can sometimes be predicted and even tracked geographically, the 2012–13 flu season was particularly harsh in the United States, where the majority of states were reporting high rates of influenza-like illness. The Centers for Disease Control reported that the flu vaccine was 60% effective. It further recommended that all persons over age 6 months get the vaccine, three virus families, Influenzavirus A, B, and C are the main infective agents that cause influenza. During periods of temperature, influenza cases increase roughly tenfold or more. Despite higher incidence of manifestations of the flu during the season, each annual flu season is normally associated with a major influenzavirus subtype. The associated subtype changes each year, due to development of resistance to a previous years strain. The exact mechanism behind the nature of influenza outbreaks is unclear. Some proposed explanations are, People are indoors more often during the winter, they are in contact more often. Cold temperatures lead to air, which may dehydrate mucous membranes. Viruses are preserved in colder temperatures due to decomposition, so they linger longer on exposed surfaces. In nations where children do not go to school in the summer, there is a more pronounced beginning to flu season and it is thought that the day care environment is perfect for the spread of illness. Vitamin D production from Ultraviolet-B in the changes with the seasons. Research in guinea pigs has shown that the transmission of the virus is enhanced when the air is cold. The researchers did not find that the cold impaired the immune response of the pigs to the virus. Research done by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 2008 found that the virus has a butter-like coating. The coating melts when it enters the respiratory tract, in the winter, the coating becomes a hardened shell, therefore, it can survive in the cold weather similar to a spore
Influenza epidemic
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Influenza (Flu)
16.
United States Army
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The United States Army is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, the United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775. As a uniformed service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army. As a branch of the forces, the mission of the U. S. The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States, the United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U. S. Section 3062 of Title 10, U. S, the army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, a number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills. The army fought numerous pitched battles and in the South in 1780–81 sometimes used the Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics, hitting where the British were weakest, to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton, but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776, with a decisive victory at Yorktown, and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates, State militias became the new nations sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Points arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U. S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh, which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U. S. victories in the Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops, were able to capture and burn Washington, which was defended by militia, in 1814. Two weeks after a treaty was signed, Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and Siege of Fort St. Philip, U. S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane, Levant, and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides, the United States and Great Britain, returned to the status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict, the armys major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars to defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma
United States Army
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Storming of Redoubt #10 in the
Siege of Yorktown during the
American Revolutionary War prompted the British government to begin negotiations, resulting in the
Treaty of Paris and British recognition of the United States of America.
United States Army
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Emblem of the United States Department of the Army
United States Army
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General
Andrew Jackson stands on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking
Highlanders during the
defense of New Orleans, the final major battle of the War of 1812
United States Army
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The
Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War
17.
George Burns (first baseman)
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George Henry Burns, nicknamed Tioga George, was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for five American League teams from 1914 to 1929. A career.307 hitter, he retired with 2,018 hits and his 1,671 games at first base were the most by an AL right-handed player until 1940, he still ranks third in league history. Born in Niles, Ohio, Burns was a line drive hitter, after four unremarkable seasons with the Detroit Tigers, he was acquired by the Philadelphia Athletics in 1918. After slipping to.296 in 1919, he was sent to the Indians in May 1920. During the 1920 regular season, Burns was stuck behind regular first baseman Doc Johnston, Cleveland won again the next day, capturing the first Series title for the franchise. In the second inning, he caught Frank Browers line drive, tagged Walt Lutzke off first base and actually ran to second base, back with Cleveland, Burns hit over.300 in each of the next four seasons and was regularly among the league leaders in doubles. Burns also led the league in hits for the second time, after being sent to the New York Yankees in late 1928, Burns appeared in only 13 games for the team before rejoining the Athletics in 1929. In his 16-season career, Burns hit 72 home runs with 951 RBIs in 1866 games played, with 110 times being hit by a pitch, he ranked second in the AL to Kid Elberfeld. Following his major league career he played for five seasons in the Pacific Coast League, leading the league in RBIs in 1932 and he left baseball to become a deputy sheriff in the Seattle area until his retirement in 1967. Burns died in early 1978 at Evergreen Hospital in Kirkland at age 84, and was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Seattle
George Burns (first baseman)
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George Burns
18.
George Burns (outfielder)
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George Joseph Burns was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who spent most of his career as the leadoff hitter for the New York Giants. A soft-spoken person, he was nicknamed Silent George by his teammates and he led the National League in runs scored a record five times, later equaled by only Rogers Hornsby and Stan Musial, and also led the league in walks five times and stolen bases twice. He holds the Giants franchise record for stolen bases in a single season, at the end of his career, his 1262 games in left field ranked eighth in major league history, and his total of 1844 games in the outfield ranked sixth in NL history. Born in Utica, New York, Burns started his career as a catcher. Because of his throwing arm and outstanding speed, manager John McGraw converted him into an outfielder. In his rookie season he hit 37 doubles, bettering Jim ORourkes 1889 club record of 36,1913 also marked Burns first World Series appearance, though he only batted.158 as the Giants lost. In 1917 he batted.227 as the Giants again lost, in 1919 he led the league in runs, walks and steals again, and also led NL outfielders in fielding percentage for the first time. He surpassed his teammate Doyles franchise record for stolen bases. Burns hit for the cycle on September 17,1920, and he scored the deciding run in Game 6, and batted.333 for the Series as the Giants won their first title since 1905. Two months later he was sent to the Cincinnati Reds in a trade that brought third baseman Heinie Groh to the Giants. In 1922 Burns set an NL record with his 28th steal of home, surpassing the old mark held by Honus Wagner and he also set a Reds club record with 631 at bats. In the Reds first game at New York that season, he was given a day in his honor, Burns ended his major league career with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1925. In a 15-season career, he was a.287 hitter with 1,188 runs,41 home runs and 611 runs batted in in 1853 games played. He collected 2,077 hits with a.366 on-base percentage, although he never had more than 181 hits in a season, playing in an era of diminished hitting, he was among the leagues top five players six times. His NL record of leading the league in games six times was later matched by Billy Williams and Dale Murphy. In 1927 he became a player-coach with Williamsport in the New York–Penn League and he later worked for a tannery, and retired in 1957. Burns died in Gloversville, New York at age 76
George Burns (outfielder)
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George Burns
George Burns (outfielder)
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Burns in 1913
19.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
Hawaii
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Hawaii from space, January 26, 2014
Hawaii
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Flag
Hawaii
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Nā Pali coast, Kaua ʻ i
Hawaii
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The main islands and undersea terrain of Hawaii
20.
Irish Catholic
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Irish Catholics are people who are Catholic and Irish. Divisions between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants played a role in the history of Ireland from the 16th to the 20th century, especially the Home Rule Crisis. While religion broadly marks the delineation of these divisions, the contentions were primarily political, in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Catholics and Presbyterians, who were not part of the established Church of Ireland, found common cause. Irish Catholics are found in countries around the world, especially in the English-speaking world. Emigration following the Famine in the late 1840s saw the population drop from over 8 million to just over 4 million, today, Irish Catholics are very well established in the United States and are part of mainstream American society. Endnotes Library of Congress The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America, describes the book ISBN 0-8132-0896-3 St. Colman Mac Duagh On Irish Catholics of Australia
Irish Catholic
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Celtic cross
21.
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco, California
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco, California
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco, California
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
22.
Hoboken, New Jersey
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Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, Hoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and it became a township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, located on the Hudson Waterfront, the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from a blue collar town to one of upscale shops, the name Hoboken was chosen by Colonel John Stevens when he bought land, on a part of which the city still sits. Like Weehawken, its neighbor to the north, Communipaw and Harsimus to the south, Hoebuck, old Dutch for high bluff and likely referring to Castle Point, was used during the colonial era and later spelled as Hobuck, Hobock, Hobuk and Hoboocken. The origin of Hobokens name was not related to the Hoboken district of Antwerp, however, in the nineteenth century, a folk etymology had emerged linking the town of to the similarly-named Flemish town. Hoboken was originally an island, surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and it was a seasonal campsite in the territory of the Hackensack, a phratry of the Lenni Lenape, who used the serpentine rock found there to carve pipes. Soon after it part of the province of New Netherland. Three Lenape sold the land that was to become Hoboken for 80 fathoms of wampum,20 fathoms of cloth,12 kettles, six guns and these transactions, variously dated as July 12,1630 and November 22,1630, represent the earliest known conveyance for the area. Pauw failed to settle the land, and he was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633 and it was later acquired by Hendrick Van Vorst, who leased part of the land to Aert Van Putten, a farmer. In 1643, north of what would be known as Castle Point, Van Putten built a house. In series of Indian and Dutch raids and reprisals, Van Putten was killed and his buildings destroyed, deteriorating relations with the Lenape, its isolation as an island, or relatively long distance from New Amsterdam may have discouraged more settlement. In 1664, the English took possession of New Amsterdam with little or no resistance, english-speaking settlers interspersed with the Dutch, but it remained scarcely populated and agrarian. At the end of the Revolutionary War, Bayards property was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government of New Jersey, in 1784, the land described as William Bayards farm at Hoebuck was bought at auction by Colonel John Stevens for £18,360. In the early 19th century, Colonel John Stevens developed the waterfront as a resort for Manhattanites, on October 11,1811, Stevens ship the Juliana, began to operate as a ferry between Manhattan and Hoboken, making it the worlds first commercial steam ferry. In 1825, he designed and built a locomotive capable of hauling several passenger cars at his estate. Sybils Cave, a cave with a spring, was opened in 1832
Hoboken, New Jersey
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Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken, New Jersey
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The
Hudson River during the 1880s, offshore from Hoboken and
Jersey City.
Hoboken, New Jersey
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Upper Bloomfield Street between 9th and 10th (1900)
Hoboken, New Jersey
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Hoboken Terminal shortly after it opened in 1907
23.
Union City, New Jersey
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Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1,1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township. The citys name marks the combination of the two municipalities, two major waves of immigration, first of German speakers and then of Spanish speakers, greatly influenced the development and character of Union City. Its two nicknames, Embroidery Capital of the United States and Havana on the Hudson, reflect important aspects of that history, thousands make a pilgrimage to Union City each year to see the nations longest-running passion play and the annual Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey. The portion of land that included the future Hudson County was purchased from members of the Hackensack tribe of the Lenni-Lenape and became part of Pavonia. The relationship between the early Dutch settlers and Native Americans was marked by frequent armed conflict over land claims, in 1658 by New Netherland colony Director-General Peter Stuyvesant re-purchased the territory. In 1660, he ordered the building of a village at Bergen to protect the area. It was the first permanent European settlement in New Jersey, located in what is now the Journal Square area of Jersey City near Academy Street. In 1664, the British captured New Netherland from the Dutch, Kerrigan, the owner of Kerrigan Farm, who donated the land for Saint Michaels Monastery. The area that would one day be Union City, however, the British granted Bergen a new town charter in 1668. In 1682 they created Bergen County, which was named to honor their Dutch predecessors and that county comprised all of present-day Hudson, Bergen and Passaic counties. West Hoboken was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28,1861, the township was reincorporated on April 6,1871, and again on March 27,1874. Portions of the township were ceded to Weehawken in 1879, on June 28,1884, West Hoboken was reincorporated as a town, based on an ordinance passed nine days earlier. The town was reincorporated on April 24,1888, based on the results of a referendum passed 12 days earlier, Union Township, or simply Union, was formed through the merger of a number of villages, such as Dalleytown, Bucks Corners and Coxs Corners. The largest of these villages, Union Hill, became the name for the merged town of Union itself. The northern section of Union Township was later incorporated as West New York in 1898, Union City was incorporated on June 1,1925, by merging the two towns of West Hoboken and Union Hill. The name of one of the schools, Union Hill Middle School. In the 18th century, Dutch and English merchants first settled the area, later, German immigrants immigrated from Manhattan
Union City, New Jersey
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Sign marking Union City's southern border with
Jersey City
Union City, New Jersey
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Location of Union City within Hudson County. Inset: Location of Hudson County in New Jersey
Union City, New Jersey
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Embroidery and lace exhibit at Union City's Park Performing Arts Center
Union City, New Jersey
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The city's first high-rise condominium tower, the Thread, invokes its historical association with the embroidery industry.
24.
Dumb Dora
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A dumb Dora is 1920s American slang for a foolish woman. The epithet was popularized by the act of George Burns and his wife, Gracie Allen. In 1924 it was turned into a comic drawn by Chic Young. Although this strip was discontinued in 1935, the TV game show Match Game occasionally alluded to the strip by asking those watching in the studio to shout in unison, flappers of the 1920s were also sometimes likened to dumb Doras
Dumb Dora
–
Chic Young's Dumb Dora (March 7, 1929)
25.
Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic series of pictures called modern moral subjects. Much of his work poked fun at politics and customs. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account, while never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with having the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast introduced other familiar American political symbols, during the 20th century, numerous magazines carried single-panel gag cartoons by such freelance cartoonists as Charles Addams, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Clyde Lamb, and John Norment. These were almost always published in black and white, although Colliers often carried cartoons in color, the debut of Playboy introduced full-page color cartoons by Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, and others. Single-panel cartoonists syndicated to newspapers included Dave Breger, Hank Ketcham, George Lichty, Fred Neher, Irving Phillips, comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates such as the Universal Press Syndicate, United Media, or King Features. Sunday strips go to a company such as American Color before they are published. Some comic strip creators publish in the press or on the Internet. Comic strip artists may also work in book-length form, creating graphic novels. Both vintage and current strips receive reprints in book collections, the major comic book publishers utilize teams of cartoonists to produce the art. When a consistent artistic style is wanted among different cartoonists, character model sheets may be used as reference, animated cartooning is created for short films, advertising, feature films and television. It is also used in live-action films for dream sequences or opening titles. An animation artist is referred to as an animator rather than a cartoonist. They create motion pictures as well, Animation studios such as DreamWorks Animation, Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Blue Sky Studios create CGI or computer-animated films that are more three-dimensional. There are many books of cartoons in both paperback and hardcover, such as the collections of cartoons from The New Yorker, prior to the 1960s, cartoons were mostly ignored by museums and art galleries
Cartoonist
–
Cartoonist
Jack Elrod at work on a
Sunday page of the
Mark Trail comic strip
Cartoonist
–
Benjamin Franklin 's "
Join, or Die " (1754), credited as the first cartoon published in an American newspaper.
Cartoonist
–
Charles Dana Gibson was an influential American cartoonist in the early 20th century.
Cartoonist
–
Dip pens have traditionally been a popular drawing tool for cartoonists.
26.
Chic Young
–
Murat Bernard Chic Young was an American cartoonist who created the popular, long-running comic strip Blondie. His 1919 William McKinley High School Yearbook cites his nickname as Chicken, source of his pen name. According to King Features Syndicate, Young had a readership of 52 million. Stan Drake, who drew Blondie in the 1980s and 1990s, born in Chicago, Illinois, Young began drawing with the encouragement of his mother, who was an artist. It was Lyman who spurred Chic to constantly draw, Chic Young grew up in a German-Lutheran neighborhood on the south side of St. Louis. After graduating from school in St. Louis, he returned to Chicago where he worked as a stenographer while taking night classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. In 1921, he learned that the Newspaper Enterprise Association was seeking an artist to do a strip about an attractive young woman. He headed for Cleveland and earned a salary of $22 a week while drawing The Affairs of Jane about a film actress who dreamed of graduating from low-budget pictures to stardom. The short-lived strip, which began in 1921 on Halloween, came to a five months later on March 18,1922. In the NEA art department, Young worked near cartoonist Gene Ahern, when a call came from King Features J. Gortatowski offering an annual salary of $10,000, Young thought it was a prank and turned down the job. Looking for work later, he applied to Gortatowski and learned the call was legitimate, after six months in Cleveland, Young left for New York where he created another female flapper strip, Beautiful Bab, which the Bell Syndicate began distributing on July 15,1922. It ran for four months but landed him a job in the art department of King Features Syndicate, mainly as an assistant to cartoonist Jack Callahan. In 1924, he began Dumb Dora, about brunette Dora who wasnt as dumb as she looked, in 1927, Young married professional harpist Athel Lindorff. In the spring of 1930, after six years of Dumb Doras increasing popularity, Young requested more money and this action led to changes, and Paul Fung took over Dumb Dora in April 1930 when Young dropped it in order to create a new strip. In the summer of 1930, working in his studio in Great Neck, Long Island, when his first son, Wayne, died of diphtheria in 1937, Young took a years hiatus, the experience made it difficult for him to draw Baby Dumpling. After Young and his wife spent a year traveling in Europe, he began Blondie once again, with films, radio, television and products, the strip became a licensing and media bonanza that made Young a wealthy man. During his lifetime, he produced more than 15,000 Blondie strips and his other works include the strip Colonel Potterby and the Duchess, which ran as a topper strip on the Blondie page from 1935 through 1963. Young worked with assistants, including Alex Raymond and Ray McGill
Chic Young
–
Chic Young researching at the beach in the 1930s with models Jane Lane and Gretchen Davidson.
Chic Young
–
Chic Young's Dumb Dora (March 7, 1929)
Chic Young
–
Blondie (October 25, 1951)
27.
Palace Theatre, New York
–
The Palace Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 1564 Broadway in midtown Manhattan, New York City. From 1913 through about 1929, the Palace attained legendary status among vaudeville performers as the flagship of the Keith–Albee organization, Albee in turn demanded that Beck turn over three-quarters ownership to use acts from the Keith circuit. Beck took the deal, and was in charge of the booking, when the theatre finally opened on March 24,1913, with headliner Ed Wynn, it was not an instant success and lost money for months. Soon the Palace became the venue of the Keith–Albee circuit. The theater owner Albee sometimes traded on the desire for this goal by forcing acts to take a pay cut for the privilege. Even so, to play the Palace meant that an entertainer had reached the pinnacle of his vaudeville career, performer Jack Haley wrote, Only a vaudevillian who has trod its stage can really tell you about it. Only a performer can describe the anxieties, the joys, the anticipation, the walk through the iron gate on 47th Street through the courtyard to the stage door, was the cum laude walk to a show business diploma. A feeling of ecstasy came with the knowledge that this was the Palace, the epitome of the more than 15,000 vaudeville theaters in America, of all the thousands upon thousands of vaudeville performers in the business, you are there. This was a dream fulfilled, this was the pinnacle of Variety success, simply to play the Palace assured an enhanced reputation and future bookings, but to play the coveted headline spot, usually billed seventh and next to the closing act, was a special distinction. With the Great Depression came a rise in the popularity of film and radio, in 1929, the two-a-day Palace shows increased to three. By 1932, the Palace moved to four shows a day, in November of that year, it was rebranded the RKO Palace and converted to a cinema. Appearing on the bill when the venue ended its stage policy were Nick Lucas. Finally in 1957, the Palace, succumbed to the popularity of television and ceased stage presentations, beginning in 1949 under Sol Schwartz, the refurbished RKO Palace tried to single-handedly revive vaudeville, with a slate of eight acts before a feature film. It attracted acts like Frank Sinatra, Jerry Lewis, Danny Kaye, Lauritz Melchior, Betty Hutton, judy Garland staged a record-breaking 19-week comeback at the venue in October 1951. But while the shows were successful, they did not lead to a revival of the format, the RKO Picture Citizen Kane had its world premiere at the theatre on May 1,1941 and The Diary of Anne Frank premiered March 18,1959. In 1965, the Nederlander Organization purchased the Palace from RKO Theatres, in the late 1980s, a towering hotel was built above the theater, supported by two super-columns located behind the original auditorium structure. Today the theater façade is almost entirely hidden behind a wall of enormous billboards, the interior was renovated in early 2014 prior to the opening of Holler If Ya Hear Me. The theatre would be raised 29 feet and the occupied by the current lobby would be filled by retail space that would extend three additional levels below ground
Palace Theatre, New York
–
The Palace Theatre, circa 1920
Palace Theatre, New York
–
publicity shot of RKO Palace marquee, still advertising "vaudeville", c. 1955
28.
Cleveland, Ohio
–
Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
29.
Jewish
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jewish
–
Baruch Spinoza
Jewish
–
David Ben-Gurion
Jewish
–
George Gershwin
Jewish
–
Map of
Canaan
30.
Jack Benny
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Jack Benny was an American comedian, vaudevillian, radio, television and film actor, and violinist. Recognized as a leading American entertainer of the 20th century, Benny portrayed his character as a miser, in character, he would claim to be 39 years of age, regardless of his actual age. Benny was known for comic timing and the ability to cause laughter with a pregnant pause or a single expression and his radio and television programs, popular from the 1930s to the 1970s, were a major influence on the sitcom genre. Benny was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in nearby Waukegan and he was the son of Meyer Kubelsky and Emma Sachs Kubelsky. Meyer was an owner and later a haberdasher who had immigrated to America from Poland. Benny began studying violin, an instrument that became his trademark, at the age of 6 and he loved the instrument, but hated practice. His music teacher was Otto Graham Sr. a neighbor and father of Otto Graham of NFL fame, at 14, Benny was playing in dance bands and his high school orchestra. He was a dreamer and poor at his studies, and was expelled from high school. He did poorly in business school later and at attempts to join his fathers business, at age 17, he began playing the violin in local vaudeville theaters for $7.50 a week. He was joined by Ned Miller, a composer and singer. In 1911, Benny was playing in the theater as the young Marx Brothers. Minnie, their mother, enjoyed Bennys violin playing and invited him to accompany her boys in their act, Bennys parents refused to let their son go on the road at 17, but it was the beginning of his long friendship with the Marx Brothers, especially Zeppo Marx. The next year, Benny formed a musical duo with pianist Cora Folsom Salisbury. This provoked famous violinist Jan Kubelik, who feared that the young vaudevillian with a name would damage his reputation. Under legal pressure, Benjamin Kubelsky agreed to change his name to Ben K. Benny, when Salisbury left the act, Benny found a new pianist, Lyman Woods, and renamed the act From Grand Opera to Ragtime. They worked together for five years and slowly integrated comedy elements into the show and they reached the Palace Theater, the Mecca of Vaudeville, and did not do well. Benny left show business briefly in 1917 to join the United States Navy during World War I, and often entertained the troops with his violin playing. One evening, his performance was booed by the troops, so with prompting from fellow sailor and actor Pat OBrien, he ad-libbed his way out of the jam
Jack Benny
–
Jack Benny in 1964, age 70
Jack Benny
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Jack Benny as part of the Waukegan High School band, 1909
Jack Benny
–
Benny and daughter Joan in 1940
Jack Benny
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Benny in 1933, newly arrived at NBC and the host of The Chevrolet Program
31.
Mary Livingstone
–
Mary Livingstone, was an American radio comedian and actress. She was the wife and radio partner of comedian Jack Benny, enlisted almost entirely by accident to perform on her husbands popular program, she proved a talented comedian. Livingstone was born Sadie Marcowitz in Seattle, Washington, but raised in Vancouver and her father, David Marcowitz, was a Jewish immigrant from Romania. Her mother was Esther Wagner Marcowitz, according to the International Jack Benny Fan Club, claims that Livingstone was related to the Marx Brothers or their uncle Al Shean of Gallagher and Shean are unfounded. She first met her husband, Jack Benny, at a Passover seder at her family home when she was 14 years old. Benny was invited by his friend Zeppo Marx while Benny and the Marx Brothers were in together to perform. Three years later, aged 17, Sadie visited California with her family while Jack Benny was in the town for a show. Still nursing a crush on the comedian, Sadie went to the theater to re-introduce herself to him. As he approached her in a hallway, she smiled and said, Hello, Mr. Benny, Im. They met again a few years later — while she was said to be working as a salesgirl at a May Company department store in downtown Los Angeles —. Invited on a double-date by a friend who had married Sadies sister, Babe and this time, the couple clicked, Jack was finally smitten with Sadie and asked her on another date. She turned him down at first — she was seeing another young man — but Benny persisted. He visited her at the May Company almost daily and was reputed to buy so much ladies hosiery from her that he helped her set a sales record, he also called her several times a day when on the road. Sadie took part in some of Jacks vaudeville performances but never thought of herself as a full-time performer, then came the day he called her at home and asked her to come to the studio quickly. At first, it seemed like a role, she played the part on that nights. But NBC received so much fan mail that the character was revived into a feature on the Benny show. Livingstones chiss sweeze sandwich order in a lunch counter sketch was referred to for years afterwards. Another flubbed line was How could you possibly hit a car when it was up on the grease rack, instead, she asked, How could you possibly hit a car when it was up on the grass reek
Mary Livingstone
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Livingstone, circa 1940
Mary Livingstone
–
Livingstone and Jack Benny, 1960
Mary Livingstone
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As part of Benny's vaudeville act; she was still known as Sadie at the time
32.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912. Eaton took over the management of the cemetery in 1917, Eaton was a firm believer in a joyous life after death. A number of plaques which state Eatons intentions are signed The Builder, frederick Llewellyn, Eatons nephew, became CEO of Forest Lawn in 1966. In 1987 he was succeeded by his son, John Llewellyn, for many decades the cemetery refused black, Jewish, and Chinese burials. The Forest Lawn Museum in Glendale was founded in 1957 and displays art, artifacts, the museum has hosted solo exhibitions for Henri Matisse, Winslow Homer, Ian Hornak, Francisco Goya, Rembrandt, Marc Davis and Reuben Nakian among many others. The objects in Forest Lawns permanent collection represent specific locations and peoples from around the world, there are sections for India, Africa, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, South America, Australia and Europe. D. The stained glass collection includes portions of William Randolph Hearsts former collection and owns the work of Albrecht Dürer, all of these precious art pieces are put in storage or hidden behind temporary walls when a special display is on site. The six Forest Lawn cemeteries contain about 1,500 statues, about 10% of which are reproductions of works of art. On display in the Hall of the Crucifixion is the painting by the Polish artist Jan Styka entitled The Crucifixion. It is the largest permanently mounted religious painting in the world, the main gates of Forest Lawn – Glendale are claimed to be the worlds largest wrought iron gates. Over 60,000 people have actually been married here, including Ronald Reagan, more than 250,000 people are buried at Forest Lawn, and over a million people visit it each year, including thousands of schoolchildren on field trips. Many commentators have considered Forest Lawn to be a unique American creation, the Great Mausoleum was fashioned after Campo Santo in Genoa, Italy and contains many of the most highly sought after interment places within Forest Lawn, Glendale. Within the portion of the Great Mausoleum accessible to the public is the Court of Honor where individuals are inducted as Immortals by Forest Lawns Council of Regents, the rest of the structure is protected by guards and is closed to the public. Time magazine described it as the New Worlds Westminster Abbey, in 2009 the cemetery became the focus of intense media interest surrounding the private interment of Michael Jackson in the privacy of Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum. List of United States cemeteries Providencia Ranch The Loved One – a satirical novel inspired by Forest Lawn, official website Evelyn Waughs witty essay, Half in love with easeful death, imagines archaeologists in 1000 years coming upon Forest Lawn
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
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Forest Lawn's Great Mausoleum
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
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Song of the Angels by
William Bouguereau, 1881.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
–
A copy of
Michelangelo 's
David
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
–
Mosaic of
Trumbull's Declaration of Independence
33.
60 Minutes
–
60 Minutes is an American newsmagazine television program broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt, in 2002,60 Minutes was ranked #6 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013, it was ranked #24 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. The New York Times has called it one of the most esteemed news magazines on American television, the program employed a magazine format, similar to that of the Canadian program W5, which had premiered two years earlier. Similar programs sprang up in Australia and Canada during the 1970s, Wallace said that the show aimed to reflect reality. The first magazine-cover chroma key was a photo of two helmeted policemen, Wallace and Reasoner sat in chairs on opposite sides of the set, which had a cream-colored backdrop, the more famous black backdrop did not appear until the following year. The logo was in Helvetica type with the word Minutes spelled in all lower-case letters, the trademark stopwatch, however, did not appear on the inaugural broadcast, it would not debut until several episodes later. Alpo dog food was the sponsor of the first program. Don Hewitt, who had been a producer of the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, however, the initial season was troubled by lack of network confidence, as the program did not garner ratings much higher than that of other CBS News documentaries. 60 Minutes struggled under that stigma during its first three years, changes to 60 Minutes came fairly early in the programs history. When Reasoner left CBS to co-anchor ABCs evening newscast, Morley Safer joined the team in 1970, and he took over Reasoners duties of reporting less aggressive stories. After a six-month hiatus in late 1971, CBS found a place for 60 Minutes in a portion of that displaced time,6,00 to 7,00 p. m. (Eastern,5,00 to 6,00 Central Time on Sundays. This took place because football telecasts were protected contractually from interruptions in the wake of the infamous Heidi Bowl incident on NBC in November 1968. When a family-oriented drama, Three for the Road, ended after a 12-week run in the fall, the newsmagazine took its place at 7,00 p. m. Eastern Time on December 7. S. This move, and the addition of then-White House correspondent Dan Rather to the team, made the program into a strong ratings hit and, eventually. This was no less than a stunning reversal of the poor ratings performances of documentary programs on network television. By 1976,60 Minutes became the program on Sunday nights in the U. S. By 1979, it had achieved the #1 spot among all programs in the Nielsen ratings. This success translated into great profits for CBS, advertising rates went from $17,000 per 30-second spot in 1975 to $175,000 in 1982
60 Minutes
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Opening sequence (2006–present)
60 Minutes
–
Since 1968, the opening of 60 Minutes features a stopwatch. The Aristo (Heuer) design first appeared in 1978. On October 29, 2006, the background changed to red, the title text color changed to white, and the stopwatch was shifted to the upright position. This version was used from 1992 to 2006 (the
Eurostile font text was changed in 1998).
60 Minutes
–
Air Force Chief of Staff Gen.
Norton A. Schwartz in an interview with
Lara Logan, April 15, 2009.
34.
The Big Broadcast
–
The Big Broadcast is a 1932 American Pre-Code musical comedy film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Bing Crosby, Stuart Erwin, and Leila Hyams. Based on the play Wild Waves by William Ford Manley, the film is about a radio-singer who becomes a hit with audiences. A casual affair leads to his dismissal, but his career is saved by the manager who buys the station. The film co-stars George Burns and Gracie Allen in supporting roles, the Big Broadcast was produced by Paramount Pictures and was the first picture in a series of four Big Broadcast movies. Radio-singer Bing Crosby is not very serious about his career and his chronic tardiness and his affair with the notorious Mona Lowe has become an issue at station WADX. After Mona cheats on him, the despondent singer meets Texas oil man Leslie McWhinney, soon after, Anita Rogers, the former fiancée of McWhinney, falls in love with Crosby. Meanwhile, station manager George Burns is plagued by the conversation of his stenographer, Gracie Allen. McWhinney buys the station in order to help out Crosby and Anita, McWhinney comes up with the idea of putting on a big broadcast of stars to pull the station out of debt. Mona returns on the scene and threatens the budding romance between Crosby and Anita, as well as the upcoming big broadcast. McWhinney tries to find a record to replace the absent Crosby. The singer returns and takes the microphone in mid-song, Crosby, who actually has been feigning irresponsibility to bring McWhinney and Anita together, succeeds both in reuniting the former lovers and in taming Mona. It was Bing Crosbys first starring role in a full-length film, the film is a credit to Crosby as a screen juve possibility, although he has a decidedly dizzy and uncertain role which makes him behave as no human being does. The New York American commented, Bing Crosby is the star, the “Blue of the Night” boy is a picture personality, as he demonstrated in his two-reelers. He has a face and a camera presence. Always at ease, he troupes like a veteran, the Hollywood Citizen News had more to say. Bing Crosby croons several attractive songs which seem destined to enjoy wide popularity, for that matter, he needn’t be ashamed of his acting either. Burns and Allen have several good comedy sequences, and Cab Calloway, all the radio stars are heard much as you hear them on the air. The novelty of seeing them may be an attraction, but Tuttle has not relied upon the drawing power of that novelty
The Big Broadcast
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Lobby card
35.
The Big Broadcast of 1936
–
The Big Broadcast of 1936 is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Norman Taurog, and is the second in the series of Big Broadcast movies. The film featured an appearance by Dorothy Dandridge. Glenn Miller appears as part of the Ray Noble Orchestra, in Glenn Miller and His Orchestra, George Thomas Simon noted that Glenn Miller was paid extra by Ray Noble for working on The Big Broadcast of 1936, so that Glenns total weekly pay was $356. The screenplay was by Walter DeLeon, Francis Martin, Ralph Spence, and Julius J. Epstein, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Dance Direction by LeRoy Prinz for Its the Animal in Me. Although the film has not been released on DVD or VHS, both Spud and Smiley play the role of Lochinvar. Burns and Allen ask Miller for an advance of $5,000 for the invention, Spud decides to enter an international broadcast competition with a prize of $250,000. Ysobel listens to the Lochinvar radio show and believes that he has sent her a letter and she finds out that he sends letters to listeners of the show. Outraged, she goes to the station to shoot Lochinvar. Spud and Smiley are able to win her over after her gun fails to shoot and they attempt to convince her to invest $5,000 in The Radio Eye invention which would allow them to win the competition. She takes Spud and Smiley to her Caribbean island, Clementi and she will decide to marry one of them before midnight. Gordoni, however, plans to murder them, Spud and Smiley are able to notify George Burns and Gracie Allen in New York and inform them that they are in grave danger. Burns and Allen then depart for the island on a boat, Gracie sets a fire on the boat. A Coast Guard cutter takes them on board and heads for the island, Gordoni has Drowzo put in the drinks to put Ysobel to sleep. Spud and Smiley turn on The Radio Eye to listen to the Vienna Boys Choir, Spud and Smiley are able to escape on coaches with teams of horses. After a chase, during which Spud is separated from his horses in a bifurcation in the road, they reach the pier where the Coast Guard and Burns, Spud wins the international broadcast competition. Spud tells Ysobel that he may marry her after a period of observation and she tells him, Let this be the start of a beautiful friendship. Paramounts Big Broadcast series began in 1932 and continued in late 1935 with The Big Broadcast of 1936, the movie was filmed at the Kaufman Astoria Studios on 3412 36th Street, Astoria, Queens, in New York City. Bing Crosbys cameo was filmed in Hollywood in April 1935
The Big Broadcast of 1936
–
The Big Broadcast of 1936
36.
The Big Broadcast of 1937
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The Big Broadcast of 1937 is a 1936 Paramount Pictures production directed by Mitchell Leisen, and is the third in the series of Big Broadcast movies. The musical comedy stars Jack Benny, George Burns, Gracie Allen, Bob Burns, Martha Raye, Shirley Ross, Ray Milland, Benny Fields, Frank Forest and the orchestra of Benny Goodman. The version shown in British cinemas also included clips featuring Richard Tauber, german animator Oskar Fischinger was hired to create an animation sequence in Technicolor. It has yet to receive a DVD or VHS issue, Jack Benny as Jack Carson George Burns as Mr. Platt Gracie Allen as Mrs. The Big Broadcast The Big Broadcast of 1936 The Big Broadcast of 1938 The Big Broadcast of 1937 at the Internet Movie Database
The Big Broadcast of 1937
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The Big Broadcast of 1937
37.
A Damsel in Distress (1937 film)
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A Damsel in Distress is a 1937 English-themed Hollywood musical comedy film starring Fred Astaire, Joan Fontaine, George Burns, and Gracie Allen. With a screenplay by P. G. Wodehouse, loosely based on his novel of the name, music and lyrics by George and Ira Gershwin. It is the second Astaire musical directed by Stevens, the first was Swing Time, everyone on staff at Tottney Castle knows that the lovely Lady Alyce Marshmorton must marry soon, so a wager is proposed as to the identity of the lucky man. With all the likely candidates already claimed, young footman Albert places a bet on a Mr. X, Lady Alyce secretly has a romantic interest in an American no one from her family has yet met. She leaves the one day to venture into London, where by chance she encounters Jerry Halliday. He is an American entertainer, accompanied by press agent George and secretary Gracie, Jerry is incorrectly led to believe that he is the American that Lady Alyce is in love with. He goes to the castle, encouraged by Albert but discouraged by Keggs, the closest Jerry can get to Lady Alyce is a castle tour, at least until Albert can sneak him upstairs. False impressions abound, as Jerry also fails to recognize Lady Alyces father and he is slapped in the face in a Tunnel of Love, misunderstanding the young ladys intentions entirely. In the end, however, he and Lady Alyce do find romance, Gershwin died of a brain tumor while the film was in production. The picture was released four months after his death, for this, the first Astaire RKO film not to feature Ginger Rogers, the nineteen-year-old Fontaine was chosen, with Burns and Allen drafted in to provide the comedy. It soon emerged that Fontaine couldnt dance, but Stevens persuaded Astaire not to replace her with Ruby Keeler, the film was the first Astaire picture to lose money, costing $1,035,000 to produce and losing $65,000. The Stiff Upper Lip routine garnered co-choreographer Hermes Pan the 1937 Academy Award for Best Dance Direction and they would work together twice more, on the Astaire-Rogers films Carefree and The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle, before Baravalles sudden death in 1939. I Cant Be Bothered Now, sung by Astaire while executing a tap solo with cane in the middle of a London street and escaping on a bus. Stiff Upper Lip, sung by Gracie Allen and followed by an innovative extended comic dance by Astaire, Burns, a Foggy Day, Astaire introduces what has become a standard in the Great American Songbook, sung while alternately walking and dancing solo through a wooded landscape. It was later featured heavily in the film The Notorious Landlady, nice Work If You Can Get It, the films second Gershwin standard is introduced by Astaire and chorus, followed by an Astaire tap solo, executed while confined by and playing a set of drums. It was shot in one continuous take, the movie also features two faux madrigals written by the Gershwins, Sing of Spring and The Jolly Tar and the Milkmaid. These are performed by a group of singers, with Astaire joining in on the latter song. org
A Damsel in Distress (1937 film)
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A Damsel in Distress film poster
38.
Bob Hope
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Bob Hope KBE, KC*SG, KSS was an American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete, centenarian and author. With a career spanning nearly 80 years, Hope appeared in over 70 feature films and short films, in addition to hosting the Academy Awards 19 times, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles and was the author of 14 books. The song Thanks for the Memory is widely regarded as Hopes signature tune, born in Eltham, Kent, Hope arrived in America with his family at the age of four and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. He began his career in business in the early 1920s, initially on stage. He was praised for his timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. He also appeared in numerous specials for NBC television, starting in 1950, Hope participated in the sports of golf and boxing and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. He died at age 100 at his home in Toluca Lake, Hope was born in Eltham, Kent the fifth of seven sons. They married in April 1891 and lived at 12 Greenwood Street in Barry, before moving to Whitehall, Bristol, and then St George, Bristol. In 1908, the family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia and passed through Ellis Island on March 30,1908, before moving to Cleveland, from age 12, Hope earned pocket money by busking, singing, dancing, and performing comedy. He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin, for a time, he attended the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. As an adult, he donated sizable sums of money to the institution, Hope had a brief career as a boxer in 1919, fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss and participated in a few staged charity bouts later in life, Hope worked as a butchers assistant and a lineman in his teens and early twenties. Hope also had a stint at Chandler Motor Car Company. Deciding on a business career, he and his girlfriend signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in an engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found work with a touring troupe called Hurleys Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne, Hope and Byrne had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well and danced and sang while wearing blackface before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to Bob, in one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman
Bob Hope
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Hope in 1978
Bob Hope
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Writer
Hal Block (left) and Hope meet
George Patton in Sicily during World War II
Bob Hope
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Bob Hope in
The Ghost Breakers trailer (1940)
Bob Hope
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Bob Hope,
Bing Crosby and
Dorothy Lamour in
Road to Bali (1952)
39.
Honolulu (1939 film)
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Honolulu is an American musical film that was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1939. The film stars dancer Eleanor Powell and Robert Young, and was directed by Edward Buzzell, also appearing in the film are George Burns, Gracie Allen, Eddie Rochester Anderson, and Rita Johnson. Mason is tired of being in the eye, so when he discovers that Smith is close enough to be his twin. When Mason steps into Smiths life, he himself in a tug-of-war between Smiths fiancée, and a dancer named Dorothy March, with whom he has fallen in love. Meanwhile, Smith discovers that being a movie star is not all that it is made out to be. Eleanor Powells dance routines were given a mostly Hawaiian flavor, one of her routines was performed in black face in tribute to Powells idol, Bill Bojangles Robinson. The comedy of Burns and Allen is also featured, although the two actors work separately for much of the movie, their characters only meeting in the final minutes and this was George Burns last film appearance for 37 years until his Oscar-winning performance in The Sunshine Boys in 1975. The film is notable for offering a somewhat rare cinematic look at pre-World War II Honolulu. C
Honolulu (1939 film)
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Film poster
40.
Bing Crosby
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Harry Lillis Bing Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. The first multimedia star, from 1931 to 1954 Crosby was a leader in sales, radio ratings. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations such as the microphone and this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dick Haymes, and Dean Martin. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music, in 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. He is one of only 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the categories of motion pictures, radio, Crosby influenced the development of the postwar recording industry. He became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. In addition to his work with early tape recording, he helped to finance the development of videotape, bought television stations, bred racehorses, Crosby died at the age of 74 on October 14,1977, from a sudden heart attack in Alcobendas, Spain. Crosby was born on May 2,1903 in Tacoma, Washington, in 1906, Crosbys family moved to Spokane, and in 1913, Crosbys father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Avenue. The house now sits on the campus of Crosbys alma mater Gonzaga University and he was the fourth of seven children, brothers Larry, Everett, Ted, and Bob, and two sisters, Catherine and Mary Rose. His parents were Harry Lowe Crosby, Sr. a bookkeeper, Crosbys mother was a second generation Irish-American. In 1910, seven-year-old Harry Crosby Jr. was forever renamed, the Sunday edition of the Spokesman-Review published a feature called The Bingville Bugle. Written by humorist Newton Newkirk, The Bingville Bugle was a parody of a hillbilly newsletter filled with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. A neighbor, 15-year-old Valentine Hobart, shared Crosbys enthusiasm for The Bugle, and noting Crosbys laugh, took a liking to him, eventually, the last vowel was dropped and the nickname stuck. Crosby later described Jolsons delivery as electric, Crosby graduated from Gonzaga High School in 1920 and enrolled at Gonzaga University. He attended Gonzaga for three years, but did not earn a bachelors degree, as a freshman, he played on the universitys baseball team. The university granted him a doctorate in 1937. In 1923, Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of school students a few years younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, the group performed on Spokane radio station KHQ, but disbanded after two years
Bing Crosby
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Bing Crosby, c. 1930s
Bing Crosby
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Holiday Inn (1942)
Bing Crosby
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Crosby with Bob Hope in Road to Bali (1952)
Bing Crosby
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Crosby in Road to Singapore
41.
Road to...
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Refers to a series of seven comedy films starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. They are also referred to as the Road pictures or the Road series. The movies were a combination of adventure, comedy, romance, the minimal plot often took a back seat to gags, many of them supposedly ad-libbed by Crosby and Hope during filming. The final film not only much later, but involves a newer genre. In 1977, an eighth Road to, Movie was planned, titled Road to the Fountain of Youth, however, Crosby died that year of a heart attack. In 1947, Astor Pictures released a film of several of Crosbys Educational Pictures short subjects called The Road to Hollywood to evoke the series. In Sweden, the first film was given the title Två glada sjömän går iland, except for the last film, which was instead called Vägen till Hong Kong. In the 1980s, Eric Idle wanted to make a Road, picture called The Road to Mars, but was so put off by the executive meddling done at Hollywood studios, that he decided to do it as a novel instead. The films have a complex ownership history, Rio and Bali were made jointly by Hope and Crosby and released through Paramount. Distribution for Rio today rests with Sony Pictures Television and FremantleMedia, balis copyright was erroneously renewed one year too late and thus lapsed into the public domain in 1981. The final Road film, The Road to Hong Kong, was released through United Artists, SPT co-distributed the film on television for a short time after a Sony-led partnership bought MGM. Rumor has it that, during the filming of. Singapore, Dorothy Lamour said to the camera, Hey fellas, from that time on, the scene was set for what was one of the most enduring franchises in the history of motion pictures. There are also frequent instances in which Bob Hope breaks the wall to address the audience directly, such as in Road to Bali, in which he says, s gonna sing. Nows the time to go out and get the popcorn, Hope and Crosby would usually play some form of confidence men trying to make a lot of money, with Bing coming up with the ideas and Bob usually doing most of the dirty work. When confronted by the villain, Hope and Crosby would use a patty cake routine before throwing punches, though this would not work, as in Road to Morocco, That gag sure gets around. The only film in the series in which the routine was not used was in Road to Utopia, both characters would usually promise to not allow women to interfere with their plans, and both would immediately see a woman and forget that promise. Crosby would almost always get the girl, with the exceptions being in Road to Utopia, Hope would also break the fourth wall continuously to over-act, often with an upbraiding from Crosby. Hope would then blame his overacting on his attempt to win an Oscar, in reality, Hope never won any Oscar for his work, although he did receive honorary Oscars
Road to...
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Bob Hope,
Dorothy Lamour and
Bing Crosby in
Road to Bali (1952)
Road to...
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Bob Hope,
Bing Crosby and
Dorothy Lamour
Road to...
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Bob Hope & Bing Crosby sing and dance during "Chicago Style" in
Road to Bali (1952)
Road to...
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With
Jane Russell in Road to Bali
42.
William LeBaron
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William LeBaron was an American film producer. LeBarons film credits included Cimarron, the film won the Academy Award for Outstanding Production at the 4th Academy Awards ceremony for 1930/1931. In addition to being a producer, LeBaron served as the last production chief of Film Booking Offices of America and at FBOs successor, RKO Pictures, LeBaron was married to Mabel Hollins, a British musical comedy actress. He is buried in Chapel of the Pines Crematory, William LeBaron at the Internet Movie Database William LeBaron at Find a Grave
William LeBaron
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LeBaron in 1920
43.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
Paramount Pictures
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Logo used as of 2012
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder
William Wadsworth Hodkinson, from 1917 to 1967.
Paramount Pictures
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Lasky's original studio, a.k.a.: "The Barn"; as it appeared in the mid-1920s. The Taft building, built in 1923, is visible in the background.
Paramount Pictures
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The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and
Popeye shorts.
44.
Road to Singapore
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Road to Singapore is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring Bing Crosby, Dorothy Lamour and Bob Hope. Based on a story by Harry Hervey, the film is about two playboys trying to forget previous romances in Singapore, where they meet a beautiful woman, distributed by Paramount Pictures, the film marked the debut of the long-running and popular Road to. Series of pictures spotlighting the trio, seven in all, the supporting cast features Charles Coburn, Anthony Quinn, and Jerry Colonna. Josh Mallon and Ace Lannigan are best friends and work aboard the same ship. As their ship returns to the US after a voyage, they see all the other sailors being mistreated by their wives and girlfriends. Unfortunately, this vow is tested almost immediately, first, Ace is confronted by the family of a former lover, Cherry, who insist he marry her. Then Josh, who is the son of shipping magnate, has to fend off his fiancee, Gloria. Things get worse when Josh and Ace get caught up fishing, glorias hostile drunken brother starts a fistfight and a news reporter takes photographs that cause a scandal. Josh and Ace flee to Hawaii and then head for Singapore, however, the pair only get as far as the island of Kaigoon before their money runs out. They rescue Mima, a local from her abusive dance-partner, Caesar. Soon Mima is running the two lives, much to their chagrin. The trio try to make money in different ways, including trying to sell a spot remover that is so bad it dissolves clothes. When Joshs father finally locates his son, he and Gloria fly out to bring Josh back to face his responsibilities. The resentful Caesar leads them to where Ace, Josh and Mima are enjoying a local feast, by this point, both Josh and Ace have fallen in love with Mima. She is heartbroken to learn that Gloria is Joshs fiancee, Ace proposes to Mima, but before she can accept, Josh returns. The two friends almost come to blows over Mima, but then decide that she should choose between them, Josh boards an ocean liner with Gloria and his father. Meanwhile, Caesar informs the police that Ace is on the island illegally. Ace is arrested when he cannot produce a passport, but manages to escape and he and Mima flee aboard a ship, but Ace comes to realize that Mima really loves Josh
Road to Singapore
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Theatrical release poster
45.
Guy Lombardo
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Gaetano Alberto Guy Lombardo was a Canadian-American bandleader and violinist of Italian descent. The Lombardos are believed to have sold between 100 and 300 million phonograph records during their lifetimes, many featuring the long time lead singer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, to Italian immigrants, Gaetano Sr. and his father, who had worked as a tailor, was an amateur singer with a baritone voice and had four of his five sons learn to play instruments so they could accompany him. Lombardo and his brothers formed their first orchestra while still in grammar school, Lombardo first performed in public with his brother Carmen at a church lawn party in London in 1914. His first recording session took place where trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke made his legendary recordings—in Richmond, Indiana, after that solitary Gennett session, they recorded two sessions for Brunswick. The band then signed to Columbia and recorded prolifically between 1927 and 1931, in early 1932, they signed to Brunswick and continued their success through 1934 when they signed to Decca. They then signed to Victor in later 1935 and stayed until mid 1938 when again they signed to Decca, in 1938, Lombardo became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Lombardo is remembered for almost a half-century of New Years Eve big band remotes, first on radio, Lombardos orchestra played at the Roosevelt Grill in the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City from 1929 to 1959, and from then until 1976 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. Live broadcasts of their performances were a part of New Years celebrations across North America. Because of this popularity, Lombardo was called Mr. New Years Eve, on December 31,1956, the Lombardo band did their first New Years TV special on CBS, the program included a live segment from Times Square showcasing the arrival of the New Year. Even after Lombardos death, the bands New Years specials continued for two years on CBS. The Royal Canadians recording of the traditional song Auld Lang Syne still plays as the first song of the new year in Times Square, beginning June 14,1953, Guy Lombardo and his orchestra had Guy Lombardo Time, the summer replacement for Jack Bennys radio program. Lombardo and his orchestra were part of the 1934 film Many Happy Returns, Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by the legendary John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the Presidents Cup, from 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour. After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing, in 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics, Inc. of La Conner, the endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics
Guy Lombardo
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Lombardo photographed by
William Paul Gottlieb in 1947.
Guy Lombardo
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Guy Lombardo at left with brothers, Victor, Lebert and Carmen and sister Rose Marie.
Guy Lombardo
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Guy Lombardo's star on
Canada's Walk of Fame.
46.
Artie Shaw
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Artie Shaw was an American clarinetist, composer, bandleader, and actor. Also an author, Shaw wrote both fiction and non-fiction, widely regarded as one of jazzs finest clarinetists, Shaw led one of the United States most popular big bands in the late 1930s through the early 1940s. Though he had hit records, he was perhaps best known for his 1938 recording of Cole Porters Begin the Beguine. Prior to the release of Beguine, Shaw and his band had languished in relative obscurity for over two years and, after its release, he became a major pop artist within short order. The record eventually became one of the defining recordings. Musically restless, Shaw was also a proponent of what became known much later as Third Stream music. Shaw also recorded with jazz groups drawn from within the ranks of the various big bands he led. He served in the US Navy from 1942 to 1944, and, following his discharge in 1944, Shaw was born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky in New York City, the son of Sarah and Harry Arshawsky, who worked as a dressmaker and photographer. His family was Jewish, his father was from Russia, his mother from Austria, Shaw grew up in New Haven, Connecticut where, according to his autobiography, his natural introversion was deepened by local antisemitism. Shaw bought a saxophone by working in a store, and began learning the saxophone at 13, by 16, he switched to the clarinet. Returning to New York, he became a musician through the early 1930s. In 1929 and 1930, he played with Irving Aaronsons Commanders, where he was exposed to symphonic music, in 1935, Shaw first gained attention with his Interlude in B-flat at a swing concert at the Imperial Theater in New York. During the swing era, his big bands were popular hits like Begin the Beguine, Stardust, Back Bay Shuffle, Moonglow, Rosalie. The show was received, but forced to dissolve in 1937 because his bands sound was not commercial. His incorporation of stringed instruments could be attributed to the influence of classical composer Igor Stravinsky. S. However, after recording Any Old Time, she left the band due to hostility from audiences in the South as well as music company executives who wanted a more mainstream singer. His band became successful, and his playing was eventually recognized as equal to that of Benny Goodman. Longtime Duke Ellington clarinetist Barney Bigard cited Shaw as his favorite clarinet player, in response to Goodmans nickname, the King of Swing, Shaws fans dubbed him the King of the Clarinet
Artie Shaw
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Artie Shaw in
Second Chorus (1940)
Artie Shaw
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Artie Shaw and his band playing "Ev'rything's Jumpin'" from
Second Chorus (1940)
Artie Shaw
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Artie Shaw, ca 1947. Photography by
William P. Gottlieb.
Artie Shaw
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Artie Shaw performing his "
Concerto for Clarinet " in 1940
47.
Tony Martin (entertainer)
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Tony Martin was an American actor and singer. His career spanned seven decades, and he scored dozens of hits between the late-1930s and mid-1950s with songs such as Walk Hand in Hand and Stranger in Paradise. He was married to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse for 60 years until her death in 2008, alvin Morris was born on December 25,1913, in San Francisco, the son of Hattie and Edward Clarence Morris. His family was Jewish, and all of his grandparents had emigrated from Eastern Europe and he was raised in Oakland, California. At the age of ten, he received a saxophone as a gift from his grandmother and he went to Oakland High School and St Mary’s College. In his grammar school glee club, he became an instrumentalist and he attended Saint Marys College of California during the mid-1930s. After college, he left Geruns band to go to Hollywood to try his luck in films and it was at that time that he adopted the stage name of Tony Martin. Martin sang and was master of ceremonies on Tune-Up Time, with Andre Kostelanetz and his The Tony Martin Show, a 15-minute variety program, aired on NBC from 1954 to 1956 prior to the evening newscast. One of his guests was Dinah Shore, soon cast in her own hour-long NBC variety program and he was a featured vocalist on the George Burns and Gracie Allen radio program. On the show Allen playfully flirted with Tony, often threatening to fire him, shed say things like, Oh, Tony, you look so tired, why dont you rest your lips on mine. In films, he was first cast in a number of bit parts, including a role as a sailor in the movie Follow the Fleet, starring Fred Astaire and he eventually signed with 20th Century-Fox and then Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in which he starred in a number of musicals. Between 1938 and 1942, he made a number of hit records for Decca, Martin was the last surviving actor to co-star with the Marx Brothers. He eventually signed with Mercury Records, then an independent run out of Chicago. He cut 25 records in 1946 and 1947 for Mercury, including a 1946 recording of To Each His Own and it was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. This prompted RCA Victor records to him a contract, which he signed in 1947 after satisfying his contract obligations to Mercury. He appeared in musicals in the 1940s and 1950s. His rendition of Lover Come Back To Me with Joan Weldon in Deep in My Heart – based on the music of Sigmund Romberg and he also starred as Gaylord Ravenal in the Show Boat segment from the 1946 film Till the Clouds Roll By. In a seemingly unlikely pairing, Martin recorded for the Motown Records label in the mid-1960s and he was one of a number of more traditional vocalists signed to the label during the decade
Tony Martin (entertainer)
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Martin in 1953
48.
Situation comedy
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
Situation comedy
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Radio portal
49.
Bill Goodwin
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Upon his departure, he was replaced by Harry von Zell. A native of San Francisco, California, Goodwin attended the University of California and he acted in stage productions on the West Coast before he began working in radio in 1930. His initial work on the air was at a station in Portland and it was followed by stints at stations in Sacramento, California, and Los Angeles, California. Goodwin was known for promoting the item sold by the sponsor of the show. He was effective on radio in doing integrated commercials, the first announcer to do so in which the advertisement was deftly woven into the shows storyline, in 1945, Goodwin was the featured comedian as a regular on The Frank Sinatra Show. In 1947, he had his own program, The Bill Goodwin Show, a comedy, also known as Leave It to Bill. He was the announcer for the Blondie radio program, Goodwin was the host of television shows, including Colgate Theatre, and Penny to a Million. His last job as announcer was for NBC Radios The Bob Hope Show, not long before his death, Goodwin appeared as Ed Weston in two episodes of the short-lived CBS sitcom, The Eve Arden Show. Goodwin acted in movies, including The Stork Club, The Jolson Story. He played the role of Sherman Billingsley in The Stork Club, goodwins best film role was probably as a vain but impoverished stage actor in So This Is New York. His last major role was as the narrator for the television cartoon Gerald McBoing-Boing. Goodwin was inducted into the portion of the Hollywood Walk of Fame February 8,1960. His star is at 6810 Hollywood Boulevard, Goodwin was married to actress Phillippa Hilber, the couple had four children, Jill, Lynn, Sally, and Bill Jr. His son is jazz drummer Bill Goodwin, Goodwin was found dead in his car on May 9,1958, at the age of 47 after a heart attack in Palm Springs, California. He is interred at the Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, Bill Goodwin at the Internet Movie Database Bill Goodwin, Television announcer at Find a Grave
Bill Goodwin
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Goodwin in 1951
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