1.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
2.
Greek Australians
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Greek Australians comprise Australian citizens who have full or partial Greek heritage or people who seek asylum as refugees after Greek Civil War or emigrated from Greece and reside in Australia. The 2011 census recorded 378,270 people of Greek ancestry, Greeks are the seventh largest ethnic group in Australia, after those who declared their ancestry simply as Australian. In the 2006 census,365,147 people reported to have Greek ancestry, also, the 2006 census recorded 125,849 people born in Greece and 21,149 born in Cyprus. Greek immigration to Australia has been one of the most important migratory flows in the history of Australia, especially after World War II and they are considered first generation Australians and are proud of their heritage but simply, proudly call themselves Australians. Greek immigration to Australia began in the colonial period in the 19th century. The first known Greeks arrived in 1829 and these Greeks were seven sailors convicted of piracy by a British naval court and were sentenced to transportation to New South Wales. Though eventually pardoned, two of those seven Greeks stayed and settled in the country and they settled on the Monaro Plains in Southern New South Wales. Their names were Andronicas and Jigger Bulgaris, ando went back to Greece a single man but Jigger stayed and married a local woman from the Tinderry ranges near Michelago and fathered many children. Jigger was buried at Nimmitabel Pioneer Cemetery Hellenic Club of Canberra laid a piece of marble over his resting place around 2000. The first known free Greek migrant to Australia was Katerina Georgia Plessos and they married in 1827 on the island of Kalamos where Crummer, the islands commandant met the young refugee from the Greek independence wars. She is thought to be one of the last people to speak to Lord Byron and they lived in Sydney, Newcastle and Port Macquarie where she is buried. The first wave of free Hellenic migrants commenced in the 1850s, a young Greek immigrant born in Lemnos, Greece named Georgios Tramountanas and anglicised as George North in 1858, was the first settler of Greek origin in South Australia in 1842. The Greek community of South Australia regards North as their Pioneering Grandfather, in 1901, the year of federation, the Australian census recorded 878 native Greeks that were born there, now living in Australia. Many of these Greeks were owners of or were employed in shops, some were also cane-cutters in Queensland. The Greek language press had begun in Australia and in 1913, during WWI Greece remained neutral, eventually joining the side of the Allies. In 1916 the Australian government responded to this by placing a special prohibition on the entry of Greeks, there were a number of anti-Greek outbursts as a result of the neutrality stance by Greece, often instigated by Australian soldiers on leave. During these outbursts Greek shops or cafes were badly damaged or destroyed, with the worst rioting occurring in Kalgoorlie, during the 1920s there was a significant amount of Greek migration to Darwin and across the Top End. Greeks would often work in the canefields in North Queensland and move to Darwin during the dry season to work in the pearling industry
3.
Gnocchi
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The dough for gnocchi is most often rolled out, then cut into small pieces of about the size of a cork. They are then pressed with a fork or a cheese grater to make ridges which hold sauce, alternatively, they are simply cut into little lumps. Gnocchi are usually eaten as a replacement for pasta as a first course, like many Italian dishes, gnocchi have considerable variation in recipes and names across different regions. Gnocchi are commonly cooked on their own in boiling salted water and dressed with various sauces depending on the type, and recipe used. Some gnocchi can be made from pieces of cooked polenta or semolina, Gnocchi are eaten as a first course, as an alternative to soups or pasta. They are generally home-made in Italian and immigrant Italian households and they may also be bought fresh from specialty stores. In supermarkets, industrially produced packaged gnocchi are widely available refrigerated, dried, common accompaniments of gnocchi include melted butter with sage, pesto, as well as various sauces. Gnocchi can be purchased ready made from grocery stores or they can be hand made and their preparation is similar to pasta as they are cooked by boiling and then served with a sauce. If miniature gnocchi are wanted for soup they can be made by pressing the dough through a sieve or a perforated spoon. The word gnocchi may be derived from the Italian word nocchio, meaning a knot in wood and it has been a traditional type of Italian pasta of Middle Eastern origin since Roman times. It was introduced by the Roman legions during the expansion of the empire into the countries of the European continent, in the past 2,000 years, each country has developed its own specific type of small dumpling, with the ancient gnocchi as their common ancestor. The use of potato is a recent innovation, occurring after the introduction of the potato to Europe in the 16th century. Potato gnocchi are particularly popular in Abruzzo, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Ciociaria, as with other mashed potato dishes they are best prepared with starchy potatoes to keep a light texture. However, it did not provide evidence for aggregation phenomena responsible for the hard lumps, moreover, the textural properties of gnocchi dough were not influenced by the different formulation as was expected. Among the ingredients involved in the preparation of the different samples, when comparing the different kinds of gnocchi, the optimal physicochemical and textural properties were detected in the sample, which was made with fresh tubers. Gnocchi that are home-made are usually consumed on the day that they are made. Commercial gnocchi are often sold under modified atmospheric packaging, and may achieve a life of two weeks under refrigeration. One variety, gnocchi di pane, derived from the Semmelknödel, is made from breadcrumbs and is popular in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, another variety from the latter region is spinach gnocchi
4.
Barista
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A barista is a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks. The native plural in English is baristas, while in Italian the plural is baristi for masculine or bariste for feminine, while the title is not regulated, most coffee shops use the title to describe the preparer of coffee and operator of an espresso machine. Espresso is a notoriously finicky beverage, and good manual espresso making is considered a skilled task, to make the coffee well, there is a series of steps needing attention, including grinding the beans, extracting the coffee, frothing the milk and pouring. A barista can acquire these skills by attending training classes, formal barista competitions originated in Norway, and today the most prestigious is the World Barista Championships, held annually at varied international locations. Baristas worldwide compete, though they must first compete in a competition held in their own country to qualify to enter in the WBC and these competitions focus on promoting and having people engage in the world of coffee preparation. Each barista representing their country prepares a series of espressos, milk drinks, preparation is also a very important part of these competitions and it can be most applied in the signature drinks portion of the competition. Here the Baristas are able to show their skills in latte art, there are schools providing barista training worldwide, many of which belong to the Specialty Coffee Association of Europe. Proper training of a barista is important for reasons and include anything from learning the proper technique for pulling espresso shots to customer service. The Barista Guild of America, for example, is a source for American baristas to be properly trained in the art, preparation. Bikini barista Soda jerk Sommelier Coffee portal
5.
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
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The film stars Dick Van Dyke, Sally Ann Howes, Lionel Jeffries, James Robertson Justice, and Robert Helpmann as the main antagonist, the evil Childcatcher. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli, John Stears supervised the special effects. Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music, while the numbers, written by Richard M. and Robert B. Sherman of Mary Poppins, were staged by Marc Breaux. The song Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was nominated for an Academy Award, set in the 1910s, the story opens with a montage of European Grand Prix races in which one particular car appears to win every race. In the final race, the car swerves to avoid a girl and her dog, crashes and catches fire, the car ends up in an old garage in rural England, where two children, Jeremy and Jemima Potts, have grown fond of it. However, they are told by a man in the junkyard that he intends to buy the car from the owner, Mr. Coggins. While playing truant from school, they meet Truly Scrumptious, a beautiful woman with her very own motorcar. She brings them home to report their truancy to their father, although Truly is interested in Caractacus odd inventions, he is affronted by her insistence that his children are supposed to be in school. One day, Caractacus discovers that the produced by a machine he has invented can be played like a flute. He tries to sell the Toot Sweets to Trulys father, Lord Scrumptious and he is almost successful until the whistle attracts a pack of dogs who overrun the factory, resulting in Caractacuss proposition being rejected. Caractacus next takes his automatic hair-cutting machine to a carnival to raise money, Caractacus eludes the man by joining a song-and-dance act, accidentally stealing the show, he earns enough in tips to buy the car. Potts rebuilds the car in his own way, using such materials as an old boat hull. He nicknames the car Chitty Chitty Bang Bang for the noises its engine makes, in the first trip in the car, Potts, the children, and Truly go for a picnic on the beach, where Truly becomes very fond of the Potts family and vice versa. Caractacus tells them a tale about nasty Baron Bomburst, the tyrant of fictional Vulgaria, as Potts tells his story, the quartet and the car are stranded by high tide, and find themselves under attack by pirates working for the Baron. Chitty suddenly deploys huge flotation devices and transforms into a power boat, the Baron sends two comical spies to capture the car, but they briefly capture Lord Scrumptious then Grandpa Potts, mistaking each for the cars creator. Caractacus, Truly, and the children see Grandpa being taken away by airship, when they accidentally drive off a cliff, Chitty sprouts wings and propellers and begins to fly. They follow the airship to Vulgaria, and find a land without children, Grandpa has been ordered by the Baron to make another floating car, and he bluffs his abilities to avoid being tortured. The Potts party is hidden by the local Toymaker, who now only for the childish Baron
6.
Special Broadcasting Service
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The Special Broadcasting Service is a hybrid-funded Australian public broadcasting radio, online, and television network. SBS operates four TV channels and five radio networks, SBS Online is home to SBS On Demand video streaming service. SBS is one of five main networks in Australia. These started broadcasting in June 1975, with pre-recorded messages in seven and eight foreign languages, the following year, the Federal Government formed the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcasting. Following the recommendation of this and subsequent committees, the Broadcasting and this legislation came into force on 1 January 1978, with the new broadcaster taking responsibility for 2EA and 3EA. SBS TV began test transmissions in April 1979 when it showed various foreign language programs on ABV-2 Melbourne, full-time transmission began at 6,30 p. m. on 24 October 1980, as Channel 0/28. The first program shown was a documentary entitled Who Are We. which was hosted by veteran news man Peter Luck, at the time, SBS was broadcasting on UHF Channel 28 and VHF Channel 0, with a planned discontinuation of the latter at some time in the future. Bruce Gyngell, who introduced television to Australia back in 1956, was given the task of introducing the first batch of programs on the new station. On 14 October 1983, the service expanded into Canberra, Cooma and its new slogan was the long-running Bringing the World Back Home. The network changed its name to SBS on 18 February 1985, SBS expanded to Brisbane, Adelaide, Newcastle, Wollongong, and the Gold Coast in June of that year. On 5 January 1986, SBS ceased broadcasting on the VHF channel 0 frequency, in August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would merge SBS into the ABC. This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities, leading Prime Minister Bob Hawke to announce in 1987 that the amalgamation would not proceed. The SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra was launched in 1988 with founding conductor Matthew Krel, plans to introduce limited commercial-program sponsorship, and the establishment of SBS as an independent corporation with its own Charter, were put in place in July 1989. Eat Carpet, showcasing local and international films, was also launched in 1989. The proclamation of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 officially made SBS a corporation in 1991, throughout the early 1990s, SBS TV coverage was expanded further to include new areas such as the Latrobe Valley, Spencer Gulf, Darwin, northeast Tasmania, Cairns and Townsville. In 1992, SBSs radio and television facilities were moved to new headquarters in Artarmon, New South Wales, from their original studios at Bondi Junction. The new building was opened on the 10 November 1993 by Prime Minister Paul Keating. A national radio network was launched in January 1994, the new service initially covered Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin, while original stations 2EA and 3EA were renamed Radio Sydney and Radio Melbourne, respectively
