1.
James Mason
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James Neville Mason was an English actor. He was nominated for three Academy Awards and three Golden Globes, Mason was born in Huddersfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to Mabel Hattersley and John Mason. His father was a textile merchant. He was educated at Marlborough College, and earned a first in architecture at Peterhouse, Mason had no formal training in acting and initially embarked upon it for fun. After Cambridge he made his debut in Aldershot in The Rascal in 1931. He joined The Old Vic theatre in London under the guidance of Tyrone Guthrie, in 1933 Alexander Korda gave Mason a small role in The Private Life of Don Juan but sacked him three days into shooting. From 1935-38, he starred in many British quota quickies, Mason became hugely popular for his brooding anti-heroes in the Gainsborough series of melodramas of the 1940s, including The Man in Grey and The Wicked Lady. He also starred with Deborah Kerr and Robert Newton in Hatters Castle and he then took the lead role in the popular The Seventh Veil, which set box office records in post-war Britain and raised him to international stardom. He followed it with a role as a mortally wounded IRA bank robber on the run in Odd Man Out and his first Hollywood film, exhibitors voted him the most popular star in Britain in each year between 1944 and 1947. They also thought he was the most popular star in 1946. He was the most popular star in Canada in 1948. Masons languid but impassioned vocal talent enabled him to play a villain as easily as his good looks assisted him as a leading man. His roles include Brutus in Julius Caesar, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in The Desert Fox, The Story of Rommel and The Desert Rats, in the 1950s, Mason was host of Lux Video Theatre on CBS television. In 1963 he settled in Switzerland, and embarked on a transatlantic career, one of his last roles, that of corrupt lawyer Ed Concannon in The Verdict, earned him his third and final Oscar nomination. Mason had been a neighbour and friend of the comedian. Having completed playing the role in Dr. This was to be Masons final screen performance, in the late 1970s, Mason became a mentor to up-and-coming actor Sam Neill. Mason was a lover of animals, particularly cats
2.
Alan Bates
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In 1969, he starred in the Ken Russell film Women in Love with Oliver Reed and Glenda Jackson. He also continued to appear on the stage, notably in the plays of Simon Gray, such as Butley, the family briefly moved to Mickleover, then returned to Allestree. He also saw productions at Derbys Little Theatre, batess stage debut was in 1955, in You and Your Wife, in Coventry. In 1956 he made his West End debut as Cliff in Look Back in Anger, a role he had originated at the Royal Court and he also played the role on television and on Broadway. In the late 1950s Bates appeared in plays for television in Britain. In 1960 he appeared in The Entertainer opposite Laurence Olivier, his first film role, Bates worked for the Padded Wagon Moving Company in the early 1960s while acting at the Circle in the Square Theatre in New York City. In 1969 he starred in Women in Love, Bates was handpicked by director John Schlesinger to star in the film Sunday Bloody Sunday to play Dr. Daniel Hirsh. Bates was held up filming The Go-Between for director Joseph Losey, and had become a father around that time. Around this time he appeared as Col. Vershinin in the National Theatres film of Three Sisters, directed by and he later worked with Olivier for television in the Laurence Olivier Presents version of Harold Pinters The Collection and A Voyage Round My Father. Bates starred in international films as An Unmarried Woman and Nijinsky. On television, his parts included Michael Henchard, the lead in The Mayor of Casterbridge - which he described as his favourite role - in the serial adaptation by Dennis Potter. He continued working in film and television in the 1990s, including the role of Claudius in Mel Gibsons version of Hamlet, in 2001 Bates joined an all-star cast in Robert Altmans critically acclaimed period drama Gosford Park, in which he played the butler Jennings. He later played Antonius Agrippa in the 2004 TV film Spartacus, the film was dedicated to his memory and that of writer Howard Fast, who wrote the original novel that inspired the film Spartacus by Stanley Kubrick. In Otherwise Engaged, his co-star was Ian Charleson, who became a friend, Bates was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996, and was knighted in 2003. He was an Associate Member of RADA and was a patron of the Actors Centre, Covent Garden, London, Bates was married to Victoria Ward from 1970 until her death in 1992, although they had separated many years earlier. They had twin sons, born in November 1970, the actors Benedick Bates, Tristan died following an asthma attack in Tokyo in 1990. Other sources report Tristan died of an overdose in a public toilet. Bates had numerous homosexual relationships throughout his life, including those with actors Nickolas Grace and Peter Wyngarde, in 1994 Curry died from AIDS in Bates arms
3.
Lynn Redgrave
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Lynn Redgrave, OBE was an English actress. A member of the Redgrave family, Lynn trained in London before making her debut in 1962. By the mid-1960s, she had appeared in films, including Tom Jones and Georgy Girl which won her a New York Film Critics Award and nominations for an Academy Award. In 1967, she made her Broadway debut and performed in stage productions in New York while making frequent returns to Londons West End. She performed with her sister Vanessa in Three Sisters in London and she made a return to films in the late 1990s in films such as Shine and Gods and Monsters for which she received another Academy Award nomination. Redgrave is the person to have been nominated for all of the Big Four American entertainment awards without winning any of them. Redgrave was born in Marylebone, London, to actors Sir Michael Redgrave and her sister is actress Vanessa Redgrave, her brother was actor and political activist Corin Redgrave. Her grandfather was silent screen leading man Roy Redgrave, after training in Londons Central School of Speech and Drama, Redgrave made her professional debut in a 1962 production of A Midsummer Nights Dream at the Royal Court Theatre. Following a tour of Billy Liar and repertory work in Dundee, she made her West End debut at the Haymarket, hunters The Tulip Tree with Celia Johnson and John Clements. During that time, she appeared in such as Tom Jones, Girl with Green Eyes, The Deadly Affair. For the last of these roles, she gained the New York Film Critics Award, the Golden Globe, in 1967, she made her Broadway debut in Black Comedy with Michael Crawford and Geraldine Page. London appearances included Michael Frayns The Two of Us with Richard Briers at the Garrick, David Hares Slag at the Royal Court, in 1974, she returned to Broadway in My Fat Friend. There soon followed Knock Knock with Charles Durning, Mrs. Warrens Profession with Ruth Gordon, and Saint Joan. In the 1985-86 season, she appeared with Rex Harrison, Claudette Colbert, in 1983, she played Cleopatra in an American television version of Antony and Cleopatra opposite Timothy Dalton. In 1988, she narrated a television documentary, Silent Mouse. In the early winter of 1991, she starred with Stewart Granger, highlights of her early film career also include The National Health, Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex*, The Happy Hooker, and Getting It Right. In the United States, she was seen on television series as Teachers Only, House Calls, Centennial. She also starred in BBC productions such as The Faint-Hearted Feminist, A Woman Alone, Death of a Son, Calling the Shots, and Fighting Back
4.
Charlotte Rampling
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Tessa Charlotte Rampling, OBE is an English actress, model and chanteuse, known for her work in European arthouse films in three languages, English, French, and Italian. An icon of the Swinging Sixties, she began her career as a model and later became a fashion icon and she was cast in the role of Meredith in the 1966 film Georgy Girl, which starred Lynn Redgrave. She soon began making French and Italian arthouse films, most notably during this time in Luchino Viscontis The Damned and Liliana Cavanis The Night Porter. She went on to star in Zardoz, Farewell, My Lovely, Woody Allens Stardust Memories, opposite Paul Newman in The Verdict, Long Live Life, Max, Mon Amour, Angel Heart and The Wings of the Dove. In 2002 she released an album of recordings in the style of cabaret, in the 2000s, she became the muse of French director François Ozon, appearing in his films Under the Sand, Swimming Pool and Angel. On television, she is known for her role as Evelyn Vogel in Dexter, in 2012 she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, both for her performance in the miniseries Restless. Other television roles include work in Broadchurch and London Spy, for the latter of which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, a four-time César Award nominee, she received an Honorary César in 2001 and Frances Legion of Honour in 2002. She was made an OBE in 2000 for her services to the arts, in 2015, she released her autobiography, which she wrote in French, titled Qui Je Suis, or Who I Am. She later worked on an English translation, which was due to be published in March 2017, Rampling was born in Sturmer, Essex, the daughter of Isabel Anne, a painter, and Godfrey Rampling, an Olympic gold medalist and British Army officer. She grew up and spent most of her childhood in Gibraltar, France and she attended Académie Jeanne dArc in Versailles and St. Hildas School, a boarding school in Bushey, Hertfordshire, England. She had one sister, Sarah, who committed suicide in 1966 and she and Sarah had had a close relationship, and they had performed in a cabaret act together during their teenage years. She began her career as a model and first appeared in a Cadbury advertisement and she was noticed by a casting agent while walking down a street in London. Her first screen appearance, which was uncredited, was as a skier in Richard Lesters film The Knack. She also appeared as an extra in the Beatles film A Hard Days Night, in 1965, she was cast in the role of Meredith in the film Georgy Girl and was given a role by John Boulting in the comedy Rotten to the Core. In 1967, she starred opposite Yul Brynner in the adventure film The Long Duel and she also appeared alongside Franco Nero in the Italian film Sardinia Kidnapped, directed by Gianfranco Mingozzi. On television, Rampling played the gunfighter Hana Wilde in The Superlative Seven, after this, her acting career blossomed in both English and French cinema. Despite an early flurry of success, she told The Independent and it was a nightmare, breaking the rules and all that. Everyone seemed to be having fun, but they were taking so many drugs they wouldnt know it anyway, in 1969, in Luchino Viscontis The Damned, she played a young wife sent to a Nazi concentration camp
5.
Alexander Faris
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Samuel Alexander Sandy Faris was a Northern Irish composer, conductor and writer, known for his television theme tunes, including the theme music for the 1970s TV series Upstairs, Downstairs. He composed and recorded many operas and musicals, and also composed film scores, as a conductor, he was especially known for his revivals of Jacques Offenbach and Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. Faris was born in Caledon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, the third of the four children of George Faris, a Presbyterian minister, and his wife Grace and his aunt was the sculptress Anne Acheson. His father died of pernicious anemia when he was a toddler, and his mother moved the family to Belfast and his mother noticed his musical aptitude, and he was given piano lessons. He was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution and won a Kitchener scholarship to study music at Christ Church and he served in World War II with the Irish Guards. After the war, still stationed in Europe, he was involved with the restoration of damaged German opera houses and he attended the Royal College of Music in 1948 and worked as a chorus master with the Carl Rosa Opera Company. Faris first conducted in London for a 1949 revival of Song of Norway at the Palace Theatre, in the 1950s, he served as the musical director for Carl Rosa and conducted for the Royal Ballet. He also conducted Summer Song at the Manchester Opera House in 1955, in between, in 1956 he was given a Commonwealth Fund fellowship to study in New York at the Juilliard School. Back in London, he was director, in 1959. Other operas that he conducted at Sadlers Wells included Madam Butterfly in 1966 and he conducted Carl Daviss television opera The Arrangement in 1965. Then in January 1962, on the first day after the copyright on W. S. Gilberts works expired, he conducted Iolanthe with Sadlers Wells at Stratford-upon-Avon and later The Mikado with that company. He was later engaged by the DOyly Carte Opera Company to conduct its last season in 1981–82, among other Gilbert and Sullivan engagements, Faris conducted The Mikado for the Turkish National Opera in Ankara. He also conducted The Yeomen of the Guard in the moat at the Tower of London for the 1978 City of London Festival and he was the conductor for twelve of the Savoy operas in the 1982 series of videos by Brent Walker productions. Four years later, with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra in Glasgow, other West End credits included Robert and Elizabeth, The Great Waltz and Billy, Bar Mitzvah Boy and Oklahoma. His original London cast recordings include Summer Song, Irma La Douce, Robert and Elizabeth, The Great Waltz, Bordello, Bar Mitzvah Boy, Faris also conducted for the London Symphony Orchestra, among other orchestras. He orchestrated music for Luciano Pavarotti, including Leoncavallos Mattinata for Pavarotti’s recording in 1976 and he composed the film scores for The Quare Fellow, He Who Rides a Tiger and Georgy Girl. He also wrote a scholarly Offenbach biography and a memoir, Da Capo Al Fine, the former remains one of the most important Offenbach biographies. For television he wrote the music for The Duchess of Duke Street, Wings, Fanny by Gaslight
6.
Columbia Pictures
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The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jacks best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later and its name is derived from Columbia, a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studios logo. In its early years, it was a player in Hollywood. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbias major contract stars were Jean Arthur, in the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studios premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio, in 1982, the studio was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company, and launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS. Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star, after a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Sony in 1989. It is one of the film studios in the world. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the eight major film studios of Hollywoods Golden Age, Brandt was president of CBC Film Sales, handling sales, marketing and distribution from New York along with Jack Cohn, while Harry Cohn ran production in Hollywood. The studios early productions were short subjects, Screen Snapshots, the Hall Room Boys. The start-up CBC leased space in a Poverty Row studio on Hollywoods famously low-rent Gower Street, among Hollywoods elite, the studios small-time reputation led some to joke that CBC stood for Corned Beef and Cabbage. Brandt eventually tired of dealing with the Cohn brothers, and sold his stake to Harry Cohn. In an effort to improve its image, the Cohn brothers renamed the company Columbia Pictures Corporation on January 10,1924, Cohn remained head of production as well, thus concentrating enormous power in his hands. He would run Columbia for the next 34 years, the second-longest tenure of any studio chief, even in an industry rife with nepotism, Columbia was particularly notorious for having a number of Harry and Jacks relatives in high positions. Humorist Robert Benchley called it the Pine Tree Studio, because it has so many Cohns, Columbias product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists. Like United Artists and Universal, Columbia was an integrated company. It controlled production and distribution, it did not own any theaters, helping Columbias climb was the arrival of an ambitious director, Frank Capra
7.
Georgy Girl (song)
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Georgy Girl, written by Tom Springfield and Jim Dale, is the title song performed by The Seekers for the British film of the same name starring Lynn Redgrave and James Mason. Across late 1966 and early 1967, the became a #1 Australian hit. It was listed at #36 on Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Pop Songs of all issued in 2002. The song is heard at both the beginning and end of the film, with different lyrics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song, an instrumental cover by the Baja Marimba Band reached the U. S. #98 - pop, and #14 - easy listening in 1967. In 1970, the film was adapted for a short-lived Broadway musical, in the TV cartoon series The Simpsons episode Lisa the Beauty Queen, Homer twice sings the song with the lyrics Hey there, blimpy boy. Flying through the sky so fancy free, Georgy Girl is also parodied in the 13th-season episode Half-Decent Proposal, when Artie Ziff creates a device to convert modem noises into easy-listening music. The song was used during an episode of Get a Life called Chris Moves Out. Georgy Girl is referenced in the Ron Sexsmith song In This Love from his 1991 album Grand Opera Lane when he sings Its just like that old movie song, the one about the Georgy girl
8.
The Seekers
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The Seekers are an Australian folk-influenced pop quartet, originally formed in Melbourne in 1962. They were the first Australian pop music group to achieve major chart and sales success in the United Kingdom, the Seekers have sung it at various closing ceremonies in Australia, including World Expo 88 and the Paralympics. It is still one of the top 50 best-selling singles in the UK, Australian music historian Ian McFarlane described their style as concentrated on a bright, uptempo sound, although they were too pop to be considered strictly folk and too folk to be rock. In 1967, they were named as joint Australians of the Year – the only group thus honoured, in July 1968, Durham left to pursue a solo career and the group disbanded. The band has reformed periodically, and in 1995 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame, Ill Never Find Another You was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australias Sounds of Australia registry in 2011. Woodleys and Dobe Newtons song I Am Australian, which was recorded by The Seekers, with Ill Never Find Another You and Georgy Girl, the band also achieved success in the United States, but not nearly at the same level as in the rest of the world. The Seekers have sold over 50 million records worldwide, the Seekers were individually honoured as Officers of the Order of Australia in the Queens Birthday Honours of June 2014. The Seekers were formed in 1962 in Melbourne by Athol Guy on double bass, Keith Potger on twelve-string guitar, Guy, Potger and Woodley had all attended Melbourne Boys High School in Victoria. In the late 1950s, Potger led The Trinamics, a rock n roll group, Guy led the Ramblers and, with Woodley, they decided to form a music group. The Escorts had Ken Ray as the singer and in 1962 they became The Seekers. Ray left the group to get married and his place was taken by Judith Durham, an established traditional jazz singer who added a distinctive female lead voice. She had earlier recorded an extended play disc on W&G Records with the Melbourne group, Durham and Guy had met when they both worked in an advertising agency – initially Durham only sang periodically with the Seekers, when not performing at local jazz clubs. She was replaced in Traynors jazz ensemble by Margret RoadKnight, the Seekers performed folk-influenced pop music and soon gathered a strong following in Melbourne. Durhams connections with W&G Records led to the groups later signing a contract with the label. Their debut album, Introducing the Seekers, was released in 1963 and their debut single was the traditional historic Australian bush ballad from 1894, Waltzing Matilda, which appeared in November and reached the Melbourne Top 40 singles chart. And peaked at number 74 on the national chart, the Seekers were offered a twelve-month position as on-board entertainment on the Sitmar Line passenger cruise ship Fairsky in March 1964. In May, they travelled to the U. K. and had intended to return to Australia after staying ten weeks, but upon arrival they were offered work by a London booking agency, the Grade Organisation. They signed there with World Record Club and issued a single, Myra, the group regularly appeared on a British TV show series, Call in on Carroll, hosted by Ronnie Carroll
9.
Swinging London
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The term Swinging London refers to a youth-driven cultural revolution that took place in London during the mid-to-late 1960s. The Swinging London also reached British cinema, which saw a surge in formal experimentation, freedom of expression, colour, and comedy. During this period, creative types of all kinds gravitated to the capital, from artists and writers to publishers, photographers, advertisers, film-makers. During this era, London from a gloomy, grimy post-War capital into a bright, the phenomenon was caused by the large number of young people in the city and the postwar economic boom. The swinging scene also served as a consumerist counterpart to the countercultural British underground of the same period, Swinging London was a youth-oriented phenomenon that emphasized the new and modern. It was a period of optimism and hedonism, and a cultural revolution, one catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post-World War II austerity which lasted through much of the 1950s. It swings, it is the scene, and celebrated in the name of the radio station, Swinging Radio England. However, swinging in the sense of hip or fashionable had been used since the early 1960s, in 1965, Diana Vreeland, editor of Vogue magazine, said London is the most swinging city in the world at the moment. Later that year, the American singer Roger Miller had a hit record with England Swings, psychedelic rock from artists such as Pink Floyd, Cream, Procol Harum, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Traffic grew significantly in popularity. During the time of Swinging London, fashion and photography were featured in Queen magazine, mod-related fashions such as the miniskirt stimulated fashionable shopping areas such as Carnaby Street and Kings Road, Chelsea. The model Jean Shrimpton was another icon and one of the worlds first supermodels and she was the worlds highest paid and most photographed model during this time. Shrimpton was called The Face of the 60s, in which she has been considered by many as the symbol of Swinging London, other popular models of the era included Veruschka, Peggy Moffitt, and Penelope Tree. The model Twiggy has been called the face of 1966 and the Queen of Mod, the British flag, the Union Jack, became a symbol, assisted by events such as Englands home victory in the 1966 World Cup. The Mini-Cooper car was used by a fleet of mini-cab taxis highlighted by advertising that covered their paintwork, the Jaguar E-Type sports car was another British icon of the 1960s. The phenomenon was featured in films of the time, including Darling. The comedy films Austin Powers, International Man of Mystery and Austin Powers, The Spy Who Shagged Me resurrected the imagery, the ITV spy-fi series The Avengers, particularly after it began broadcasting in colour, reveled in its Swinging London setting. In the 1967 episode, Dead Mans Treasure, Emma Peel arrives in the archetypal English village of Swingingdale, in the episode Beauty is an Ugly Word of BBCs Adam Adamant Lives. Adamant, an Edwardian adventurer suspended in time since 1902, was told, jigsaw Man, a 1968 episode of the detective series Man in a Suitcase, opened with the announcement, This is London
10.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
11.
Rachel Kempson
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Rachel, Lady Redgrave, known primarily by her birth name Rachel Kempson, was an English actress. She married Sir Michael Redgrave, and was the matriarch of the famous acting dynasty, Kempson trained at RADA before joining the Royal Shakespeare Company. She married Michael Redgrave in 1935 and the couple appeared together many times on stage and she made three films with her daughter Lynn, and two films with her other daughter Vanessa. Her 1986 autobiography, Life Among the Redgraves was published by Dutton, Kempson was born in Dartmouth, Devon, the daughter of Beatrice Hamilton and Eric William Edward Kempson, a headmaster. Kempson married fellow actor Michael Redgrave in 1935, and became the daughter-in-law of Roy Redgrave, Clark, Kelly B. Clark and Annabel Lucy Clark. In 1959 her husband was knighted, and she became, formally and she never used this title professionally. In 2003, four days before what would have been her 93rd birthday, she died of a stroke at the home of her granddaughter, Natasha Richardson, in Millbrook, Richardson died on 18 March 2009 in a skiing accident and was buried near Kempson. Kempsons youngest daughter, Lynn Redgrave was also buried in the cemetery on 8 May 2010. When Rachel died she was survived by 10 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren
12.
Hedonism
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Hedonism is a school of thought that argues that pleasure and happiness are the primary or most important intrinsic goods and the proper aim of human life. A hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure, but when finally gained of that pleasure, either through intrinsic or extrinsic goods, ethical hedonism is the idea that all people have the right to do everything in their power to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure possible to them. It is also the idea that every persons pleasure should far surpass their amount of pain, ethical hedonism is said to have been started by Aristippus of Cyrene, a student of Socrates. He held the idea that pleasure is the highest good, Hedonism is a sub philosophy of utilitarianism, which says to act in a way that maximizes utility. Hedonists equate pleasure with utility and believe that pleasure is the master of all humankind, the name derives from the Greek word for delight. An extremely strong aversion to hedonism is hedonophobia, in the original Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was written soon after the invention of writing, Siduri gave the following advice Fill your belly. Dance and make music day and night These things alone are the concern of men, the following is a song attributed to the reign of one of the Pharoahs around the time of the 12th dynasty, and the text was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties. The school was so called after Cyrene, the birthplace of Aristippus and it was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The Cyrenaics taught that the only good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain. Of these, momentary pleasures, especially physical ones, are stronger than those of anticipation or memory and they did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that pleasure could be gained from altruism. Theodorus the Atheist was an exponent of hedonism who was a disciple of younger Aristippus. The school died out within a century, and was replaced by Epicureanism, the Cyrenaics were known for their skeptical theory of knowledge. They reduced logic to a doctrine concerning the criterion of truth. They thought that we can know with certainty our immediate sense-experiences and they also denied that we can have knowledge of what the experiences of other people are like. These sensations are motions which are subjective, and are painful, indifferent or pleasant, according as they are violent. Further they are individual, and can in no way be described as constituting absolute objective knowledge. Feeling, therefore, is the only criterion of knowledge. Our ways of being affected are alone knowable, thus the sole aim for everyone should be pleasure
13.
Bill Owen (actor)
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William John Owen Rowbotham, MBE, better known as Bill Owen, was an English actor and songwriter. He was the father of actor Tom Owen and he wore a woollen hat and spent much of his time lusting after dowdy housewife Nora Batty. As Compo, Owen saw off several co-stars, the series, starting in 1973 and finishing in 2010, is today the worlds longest-running comedy series. Owen became an icon, a darling of its audience and central to its success and episodes for 26 years, the threesome of Compo, Clegg and Foggy remains the most popular group of three the show ever produced. Owen served in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps during World War II, in 1958, Owen presented a music panel/programme titled Dad Youre A Square for ATV. It ran for one series, and only one exists in the archive of ITV. In the series Floyd on TV - the one-series follower to Clive James on Television - Floyd showed viewers a clip from the show, during the 1960s, Owen had a successful second career as a songwriter, with compositions including the hit Marianne, recorded by Cliff Richard. At this time he collaborated with songwriter Tony Russell on the musical The Matchgirls about the London matchgirls strike of 1888. He co-starred as Spike Milligans straight man in the West End hit Son of Oblomov in 1964, Owen also recorded a novelty song with Kathy Staff in 1983, called Nora Battys Stockings. Owen was a regular in the early Carry On films and he also had a cameo appearance in Brideshead Revisited as Lunt, Charles Ryders scout during his days at the University of Oxford. He also featured in several Lindsay Anderson films including O Lucky Man. Owen was a founding member of the Keep Sunday Special campaign group. He was awarded the MBE in 1976, Owen was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1980 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in Trafalgar Square. Owen is buried in the churchyard of St Johns Parish Church, Upperthong, near his town of Holmfirth in Yorkshire. Bill Owen was a supporter of the Newhaven Boys Club in the 1960s, he wrote lots of plays. He became friends with David King who was a leader at Newhaven. David King became Youth Leader at Heatham House Youth Centre in Twickenhaam London in 1968, there he started Heatham House Youth Theatre which Bill Owen was a great supporter attending most productions. The group was one of the first amateur groups to perform Bills musical Matchgirls which he helped to direct and he also wrote short plays for the group including The Laundresses by Degas based on the famous painting and The Beach Trouville by Monet where the paintings characters came to life. His son Tom Owen also directed a play for the group, Bill Owen at the Internet Movie Database Bill Owens appearance on This Is Your Life
14.
Dorothy Alison
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Dorothy Alison was an Australian stage, film and television actress. She was born in the New South Wales mining city of Broken Hill and she moved to London in 1949 to further her career. She was nominated for two BAFTA awards, Most Promising Newcomer for Mandy and Best British Actress for Reach for the Sky, for her performance in A Town Like Alice, she won the 1982 Logie Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Telemovie. She died in London two-and-a-half months before her 67th birthday, Dorothy Alison at the Internet Movie Database Dorothy Alison movies – All Movie Guide
15.
Gross rental
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Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights and merchandising. All charts are ranked by international theatrical box office performance where possible, excluding income derived from video, broadcasting rights. Traditionally, war films, musicals and historical dramas have been the most popular genres, the only films in the top ten that are not adapted from a pre-existing property or a sequel are the top two, Avatar and Titanic, both directed by James Cameron. Animated family films have performed well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home-video era. Disney also enjoyed success with films such as Frozen, Zootopia and The Lion King, as well as with its Pixar brand, of which the Toy Story. Beyond Pixar animation, the Shrek, Ice Age and Despicable Me series have met with the most success, while inflation has eroded away the achievements of most films from the 1960s and 1970s, there are franchises originating from that period that are still active. Besides the Superman franchise, James Bond, Planet of the Apes, Star Wars and Star Trek films are still being released periodically, all grosses on the list are expressed in U. S. dollars at their nominal value, except where stated otherwise. With a worldwide gross of over $2. Once revenue from home entertainment is factored in it is not immediately clear which film is the most successful, Titanic earned $1.2 billion from video and DVD sales and rentals, in addition to the $2.2 billion it grossed in theaters. After home video income is accounted for, both films have earned over $3 billion, when a film is highly exploitable as a commercial property, its ancillary revenues can dwarf its income from direct film sales. The Lion King earned over $2 billion in box-office and home video sales, Pixar also had another huge hit with Toy Story 3, which generated almost $10 billion in merchandise retail sales in addition to the $1 billion it earned at the box office. On this chart, films are ranked by the revenues from theatrical exhibition at their nominal value, twenty-eight films in total have grossed in excess of $1 billion worldwide, of which three have grossed over $2 billion, with Avatar ranked in the top position. Because of the effects of inflation, notably the significant increase of movie theater ticket prices. For example, in 1970, tickets cost $1.55 or about $6.68 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars, by 1980, prices had risen to about $2.69, a drop to $5.50 in inflation-adjusted 2004 dollars. Ticket prices have risen at different rates of inflation around the world. Another complication is release in multiple formats for different ticket prices are charged.50. Converting to a representative system that counts ticket sales rather than gross is also fraught with problems because the only data available for older films are the sale totals. Despite the inherent difficulties in accounting for inflation, several attempts have been made, Gone with the Wind—first released in 1939—is generally considered to be the most successful film, with Guinness World Records in 2014 estimating its adjusted global gross at $3.4 billion
16.
Little Venice, London
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Little Venice is a scenic and affluent part of London, England, known for its canals and moored boats. Much of the property in the consists of Regency style white painted stucco terraced mansions. Little Venice is also a ward of the City of Westminster, the population at the 2011 Census was 10,633. The name was in frequent use by the half of the 20th century. The boundaries of Little Venice are unclear, however the majority of its buildings have a Regency style architectural style of painted stucco facades. This architectural style and the proximity to the canals defines the area, the name Little Venice is now being used for a wider area than previously to include new developments surrounding Paddington Basin. Although the Paddington Basin development is sometimes included as a part of Little Venice, the name Maida Vale is likewise fairly recent. Much of its area was previously as Paddington, whilst the land north of Brownings Pool was referred to as Kilburn Fields. This is the surrounding the Little Venice Lagoon and its canals containing the Regency style white stucco buildings. The origins and coinage of the name are disputed, one story goes that it originated with the poet Robert Browning, who lived in the area in 1862–87. This was disputed by Lord Kinross in 1966 and by London Canals, both assert that Lord Byron humorously coined the name, which now applies more loosely to a longer reach of the canal system. Little Venice is one of Londons prime residential areas, with a number of facilities, as well as restaurants, shops, theatres. Canal side venues include Canal Cafe Theatre, the Puppet Theatre Barge, the Waterside Café, the area also includes at least three grade two listed pubs of note for their unique interiors The Warwick Castle, The Warrington, The Prince Alfred. The Inland Waterways Association has hosted a Canalway Cavalcade in Little Venice since 1983, a regular waterbus service operates from Little Venice eastward around Regents Park, calling at London Zoo and continuing towards Camden Town. Little Venice is served by one station, Warwick Avenue on the Bakerloo line. 6,46,187 and 414 bus services, alan Turing, English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and theoretical biologist. Michael Bond, creator of the Paddington bear, Robert Browning, English poet and playwright
17.
Jim Dale
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James Jim Dale, MBE, is an English actor, voice artist, and singer-songwriter. In the United Kingdom, he is best known for his appearances in the Carry On series of films. In the United States, he is most recognized for narrating the Harry Potter audiobook series and the ABC series Pushing Daisies, he also had a prominent role in the Disney film Petes Dragon. Dale is renowned as the lyricist of the song Georgy Girl, the theme for the 1966 film of the name, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award. In the 1970s, he was a member of the National Theatre Company, Dale was born James Smith to William Henry and Miriam Jean Smith in Rothwell, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Kettering Grammar School and he trained as a dancer for six years, before his debut as a stage comic in 1951. He performed two years service in the Royal Air Force. He also wrote lyrics for the song of the films The Winters Tale, Shalako, Twinky. At the age of twenty-two he became the first pop singer under the wing of Sir George Martin, several of his songs entered the UK Singles Chart, including Be My Girl, Just Born, Crazy Dream and Sugartime. In 1957, he was one of the presenters on BBC Televisions Six-Five Special, Dale also wrote and recorded the song Dick-a-Dum-Dum, which became a hit for Des OConnor in 1969. Dales film debut was in Six Five Special, a spinoff from the BBC TV series of the same name and this film was also released under the name Calling All Cats. He then had a role as a trombone player who thwarts orchestral conductor Kenneth Williams in the comedy Raising the Wind. However, he is best known in Britain for his appearances in eleven Carry On films, dont Lose Your Head, Follow That Camel, Carry On Doctor and Carry On Again Doctor and the 1992 Carry On Revival film Carry On Columbus. Dale played Harold, the policeman in the 1965 comedy film The Big Job with two of his regular Carry On co-stars, Sidney James and Joan Sims and he played Dr. Terminus in Walt Disneys Petes Dragon. He was the star of the Walt Disney comedy movie Hot Lead, at age eighteen Dale became one of the youngest professional comedians in Britain, touring all the variety music halls. On stage he appeared in dramatic and musical roles. He has been nominated for five Tony Awards, winning one for Barnum for which the New York Times described him as The Toast of Broadway, in 1970 Sir Laurence Olivier invited Dale to join the National Theatre Company in London, then based at the Old Vic. At the Young Vic Theatre, he created the role in Scapino, which he co-adapted with Frank Dunlop
18.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
19.
39th Academy Awards
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The 39th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1966, were held on April 10,1967 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California. They were hosted by Bob Hope, both were adaptations of stage dramas. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, however, the dispute was settled three hours before the ceremony was scheduled to begin. Bob Hopes opening monologue makes many references to this, and he claims that as late as 30 minutes before broadcast it was whether the telecast would go on. Vanessa Redgrave and Lynn Redgrave were both nominated for Best Actress and this was the first time in 25 years that two sisters were nominated in that category. This was the time in the history of the Academy Awards that all Best Actress nominees were born outside of the United States. Patricia Neal, making her first Hollywood appearance since a stroke of two years before, received a standing ovation from the audience. Californias governor, Ronald Reagan, was among the guests in the audience and he was a longtime Academy member and supporter. Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolfs 13 nominations constitute the first and, as of 2012 and it is also the first instance of a film receiving an acting nomination for every credited cast member. Mitzi Gaynors performance of the song Georgy Girl is often cited as being one of the most heralded performances on an Oscar broadcast, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
20.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
21.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
22.
Academy Award for Best Cinematography
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The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular motion picture. In its first film season, 1927–28, this award was not tied to a specific film, the second year,1929, there were no nominations at all, although the Academy has a list of unofficial titles which were under consideration by the Board of Judges. In the third year,1930, films, not cinematographers, were nominated, finally, for the 1931 awards, the modern system in which individuals are nominated for a single film each was adopted in all profession-related categories. From 1939 to 1967, there were separate awards for color and for black-and-white cinematography. Since then, the only film to win is Schindlers List. Floyd Crosby won the award for Tabu in 1931, which was the last silent film to win in this category, hal Mohr won the only write-in Academy Award ever, in 1935 for A Midsummer Nights Dream. Mohr was also the first person to win for both black-and-white and color cinematography, no winners are lost, although some of the earliest nominees are lost, including The Devil Dancer, The Magic Flame, and Four Devils. The Right to Love is incomplete, and Sadie Thompson is incomplete, the first nominees shot primarily on digital video were The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Slumdog Millionaire in 2009, with Slumdog Millionaire the first winner. The following year Avatar was the first nominee and winner to be entirely on digital video. As of 2017 no woman has ever been nominated for Best Cinematography, winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees
23.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
24.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
25.
Turner Classic Movies
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Turner Classic Movies is an American movie-oriented basic cable and satellite television network owned by the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary of Time Warner. TCM is headquartered at the Techwood Campus in Atlanta, Georgias Midtown business district, historically, the channels programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. and occasionally shows more recent films. The channel is available in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, France, Spain, Nordic countries, Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific. In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, concerns over Turner Entertainments corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGMs library of films released up to May 9,1986, Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies, Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co. The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the form of programming for TCM upon the networks launch. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release. Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14,1994, at 6,00 p. m. Eastern Time, the date and time were chosen for their historical significance as the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City. The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, at the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. AMC had broadened its content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002. In the early 90s AMC abandoned its format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption. In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies, in March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video. In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting, in April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Graumans Chinese Theater and the Graumans Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. In 2007, some of the films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCMs website. The networks programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any video release
26.
AllMovie
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AllMovie is an online guide service website with information about films, television programs, and screen actors. As of 2013, AllMovie. com and the AllMovie consumer brand are owned by All Media Network, AllMovie was founded by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, who also founded AllMusic and AllGame. The AllMovie database was licensed to tens of thousands of distributors and retailers for point-of-sale systems, websites, the AllMovie database is comprehensive, including basic product information, cast and production credits, plot synopsis, professional reviews, biographies, relational links and more. AllMovie data was accessed on the web at the AllMovie. com website and it was also available via the AMG LASSO media recognition service, which can automatically recognize DVDs. In late 2007, Macrovision acquired AMG for a reported $72 million, the AMG consumer facing web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in August 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. The buyers also include the founders of SideReel and Ackrell Capital investor Mike Ackrell. All Media Network offices are located in San Francisco, California, AllMusic AllGame SideReel All Media Network Official website
