Gerard of Cremona was an Italian translator of scientific books from Arabic into Latin. He worked in Toledo, Kingdom of Castile and obtained the Arabic books in the libraries at Toledo. Some of the books had been originally written in Greek and, although well known in Byzantine Constantinople and Greece at the time, were unavailable in Greek or Latin in Western Europe. Gerard of Cremona is the most important translator among the Toledo School of Translators who invigorated Western medieval Europe in the twelfth century by transmitting the Arabs' and ancient Greeks' knowledge in astronomy, medicine and other sciences, by making the knowledge available in Latin. One of Gerard's most famous translations is of Ptolemy's Almagest from Arabic texts found in Toledo.
European depiction of the Persian physician Rhazes, in Gerard of Cremona's Recueil des traités de médecine 1250–1260. Gerard de Cremona translated numerous works by Persian and Arab scholars.
Al-Razi's Recueil des traités de médecine translated by Gerard of Cremona, second half of the 13th century.
Theorica Planetarum by Gerard of Cremona, 13th century.
Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the Islamic philosophy and scientific works from Classical Arabic into Medieval Latin.
The Cathedral of Toledo became a translation center in the 12th century.
Alfonso X of Castile, The Wise, dictating the Cantigas de Santa Maria .
Al-Razi's Recueil des traités de médecine translated by Gerard of Cremona, second half of the 13th century
Calila e Dimna manuscript
