Ghazni, historically known as Ghaznayn or Ghazna, also transliterated as Ghuznee, and anciently known as Alexandria in Opiana, is a city in southeastern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Ghazni P
Citadel of Ghazni, seen from Tapa Sardar
A 19th-century artwork by James Atkinson showing Ghazni's citadel and the Ghazni Minarets, which were built by Mas'ud III and Bahram-Shah during the Ghaznavid era (963–1187)
Timurid conqueror Babur at Ghazni
Artwork by James Rattray showing the Citadel of Ghazni and other historical sites, during the First Anglo-Afghan War
The Ghaznavid Empire was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim state of Turkic mamluk origin. Flourishing from 977 to 1186, the empire spread from the Oxus to the Indus Valley at its greatest extent.
Ghaznavid Empire at its greatest extent under Mahmud. c. 1030
Ghaznavid portrait, Palace of Lashkari Bazar. Schlumberger noted that the turban, the small mouth and the strongly slanted eyes were characteristically Turkic. 11th century
Ghaznavid fortress of Lashkari Bazar in Lashkargah, ancient Bost, southern Afghanistan. It was founded by Mahmud of Ghazni in 998–1030 CE.