Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej was a Romanian politician and electrician. He was the first Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965, serving as first secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1944 to 1954 and from 1955 to 1965, and as the first Communist Prime Minister of Romania from 1952 to 1955.

Căile Ferate Române was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. As of 2014, the railway network of Romania consists of 10,777 km (6,697 mi), of which 4,029 km (2,504 mi) (37.4%) are electrified. The total track length is 22,247 km (13,824 mi), of which 8,585 km (5,334 mi) (38.5%) are electrified. The CIA World Factbook lists Romania with the 23rd largest railway network in the world. The network is significantly interconnected with other European railway networks, providing pan-European passenger and freight services. CFR as an entity has been operating since 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR is divided into four autonomous companies:CFR Călători, responsible for passenger services; CFR Marfă, responsible for freight transport; Compania Națională de Căi Ferate CFR, manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and Societatea Feroviară de Turism, or SFT, which manages scenic and tourist railways.