1.
Pilton, Somerset
–
Pilton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the A361 road in the Mendip district,3 miles south-west of Shepton Mallet and 6 miles east of Glastonbury. The village has a population of 998, the parish includes the hamlets of West Compton, East Compton, Westholme, Beardly Batch and Cannards Grave. Pilton is now almost 20 miles from the sea but sits on the edge of the Somerset Levels, according to legend in the 1st century, being a landing place then known as Pooltown, it is where Joseph of Arimathea landed in Britain. The parish of Pilton was part of the Whitstone Hundred, Cannards Grave is located on the southern edge of Shepton Mallet. His activities having been discovered, he committed suicide or was convicted and hanged from the gibbet at the adjacent crossroads. Other explanations of the include a tale that Kenred a pagan. Perhaps the most likely story is that a convicted of sheep stealing was tried and hanged at the site. The parish council has responsibility for issues, including setting an annual precept to cover the council’s operating costs. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security. Conservation matters and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council and it is also part of the Wells county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The present Norman and Medieval village church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, may stand on the site of an earlier wattle and it has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. The village has a Grade II* listed manor house and a Grade I listed tithe barn, Pilton is famous as the location of the Glastonbury Festival, which is run by Pilton farmer Michael Eavis and his daughter Emily Eavis. Being the village at which the festival is held, all villagers get a free ticket, Pilton village website GENUKI entry for Pilton
Pilton, Somerset
–
Church of St John the Baptist, Pilton
Pilton, Somerset
–
St John the Baptist, Pilton
Pilton, Somerset
–
Stained glass window in St John's church
Pilton, Somerset
–
The
Tithe Barn
2.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
3.
Michael Eavis
–
Michael Eavis CBE is an English dairy farmer and the founder of the Glastonbury Festival, which takes place at his farm in Pilton, Somerset. Eavis was born in Pilton, Somerset and grew up at Worthy Farm in the village and his father was a local Methodist preacher, and his mother a school teacher. Eavis was educated at Wells Cathedral School, followed by the Thames Nautical Training College after which he joined the Union-Castle Line, part of the British Merchant Navy, as a trainee Midshipman. His plan was to spend twenty years at sea, and return with a pension to help subsidise the income from the family farm, after his father died in 1954, Eavis inherited the family farm of 150 acres and 60 cows. He worked at Mendip Colliery at Nettlebridge or New Rock colliery at Stratton-on-the-Fosse on the Somerset Coalfield for a couple of years to supplement the income from the farm. Eavis and his first wife Ruth had three children, but divorced in 1964 and he next married Jean Hayball, with whom he had a son Patrick and a daughter Emily. Jean died of cancer in 1999, and Eavis has since married his third wife, in common with his parents and second wife, Eavis remains a practising Methodist. In 1969, Eavis and his second wife Jean visited the Bath Festival of Blues, inspired by seeing the performance of Led Zeppelin, Eavis hosted the Pilton Pop Folk & Blues Festival in 1970. The following year a festival, Glastonbury Fair was organised by Andrew Kerr and associates. In 2010, the festivals 40th year, he appeared on the stage at the Festival, with headline artist Stevie Wonder. At the Glastonbury Festival 2016, at the age of 80, after recovering from stomach cancer, Eavis stood as a candidate for the Labour Party in the 1997 General Election in Wells, polling 10,204 votes. In 2004, however, he suggested that disillusioned Labour voters should switch their vote to the Green Party in protest at the Iraq War, in 2005, Eavis was quoted in The Guardian as being a supporter of hunting. I dont hunt myself, but I support the people who want to hunt, with all thats going on in the world, it was outrageous to ban it. In 2006, he was appointed as President of the Somerset Chamber of Commerce, in 2011, Eavis was quoted as lamenting the decline in political activity associated with the Glastonbury Festival. Eavis was guest editor of the Western Daily Press newspaper on Glastonburys fallow weekend,23 June 2012 and he has apportioned profits from his Glastonbury Festival to support charitable causes, including local projects such as the restoration of the Tithe Barn, Pilton. In 2009, Eavis starred in a film to promote Somerset. Eavis holds Honorary Degrees from the University of Bath and the University of Bristol, Eavis was awarded the CBE in the Queens 2007 Birthday Honours list. In 2009, Eavis was nominated by Time magazine as one of the top 100 most influential people in the world, in 2012, Eavis was awarded an honorary Master of Arts degree from the University for the Creative Arts
Michael Eavis
–
Eavis in 2005
Michael Eavis
–
Events
4.
England
–
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
England
–
Stonehenge, a
Neolithic monument
England
–
Flag
England
–
Boudica led an uprising against the
Roman Empire
England
–
Replica of a 7th-century ceremonial
helmet from the
Kingdom of East Anglia, found at
Sutton Hoo
5.
Culture of the United Kingdom
–
The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture. British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture, the United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology, producing world-leading scientists and inventions. Sport is an important part of British culture, numerous sports originated in the country, the UK has been described as a cultural superpower, and London has been described as a world cultural capital. The Industrial Revolution, which started in the UK, had an effect on the socio-economic. These states are collectively known as the Anglosphere, and are among Britains closest allies. In turn the empire also influenced British culture, particularly British cuisine, the cultures of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness. First spoken in early medieval England, the English language is the de facto language of the UK. Individual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their indigenous languages, Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. There is also a campaign under way to recognise Scots as a language in Scotland, the Cornish language enjoys neither official recognition nor promotion by the state in Cornwall. Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the UK Government has committed to the promotion of linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter for, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Scots, Cornish, British Sign Language is also a recognised language. Owing to its history, dialects and regional accents vary amongst the four countries of the United Kingdom. Some cities in close proximity have a different dialect and accent, such as Scousers from Liverpool, notable Scouse speakers include John Lennon and Paul McCartney from The Beatles while Mancunians include Liam and Noel Gallagher from Oasis. Received Pronunciation is the accent of standard English in the UK, brummie is the dialect of natives of Birmingham in the west midlands of England – notable Brummies include rock musicians Ozzy Osbourne, Jeff Lynne, and Rob Halford. Geordie is the dialect of people from Tyneside in northeast England – musicians Brian Johnson, Mark Knopfler, notable exponents of the Scottish accent include Sean Connery, comedian Billy Connolly, and The Proclaimers. The West Country accent from southwest England is identified in film as pirate speech – cartoon-like Ooh arr, talk is very similar, while famous pirates hailed from this region, including Blackbeard, West Country native Robert Newtons performance as Long John Silver in films standardised the pirate voice. The Northern Irish accent includes golfer Rory McIlroy and actor Liam Neeson, the early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature. From the late 18th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance 200 years earlier, in Scotland the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in Scots literature, and the Weaver Poets of Ulster were influenced by literature from Scotland
Culture of the United Kingdom
–
The Proms is a nine-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts, culminating with a final night of traditional
patriotic music
Culture of the United Kingdom
–
A
street party at a primary school in Lancashire, England, on the occasion of the
wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton
Culture of the United Kingdom
–
The manuscript of the
Anglo Saxon,
Old English, heroic epic poem
Beowulf is located in the British Library
6.
Hippie
–
The word hippie came from hipster and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into New York Citys Greenwich Village and San Franciscos Haight-Ashbury district. The term hippie was first popularized in San Francisco by Herb Caen, the origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain. By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated, currently fashionable, fully up-to-date, the Beats adopted the term hip, and early hippies inherited the language and countercultural values of the Beat Generation. In the United Kingdom in 1970, many gathered at the gigantic Isle of Wight Festival with a crowd of around 400,000 people, in later years, mobile peace convoys of New Age travelers made summer pilgrimages to free music festivals at Stonehenge and elsewhere. In Australia, hippies gathered at Nimbin for the 1973 Aquarius Festival, piedra Roja Festival, a major hippie event in Chile, was held in 1970. Hippie fashion and values had an effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature. Since the 1960s, many aspects of culture have been assimilated by mainstream society. The religious and cultural diversity espoused by the hippies has gained widespread acceptance, lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower, the principal American editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, argues that the terms hipster and hippie derive from the word hip, whose origins are unknown. The term hipster was coined by Harry Gibson in 1944, by the 1940s, the terms hip, hep and hepcat were popular in Harlem jazz slang, although hep eventually came to denote an inferior status to hip. In Greenwich Village in the early 1960s, New York City, young counterculture advocates were named hips because they were considered in the know or cool, as opposed to being square. In the April 27,1961 issue of The Village Voice, An open letter to JFK & Fidel Castro, Norman Mailer utilizes the term hippies, in questioning JFKs behavior. In a 1961 essay, Kenneth Rexroth used both the hipster and hippies to refer to young people participating in black American or Beatnik nightlife. According to Malcolm Xs 1964 autobiography, the hippie in 1940s Harlem had been used to describe a specific type of white man who acted more Negro than Negroes. Andrew Loog Oldham refers to all the Chicago hippies, seemingly in reference to black musicians, in his rear sleeve notes to the 1965 LP The Rolling Stones. The word hippie was also used in reference to Philadelphia in at least two songs in 1963, South Street by The Orlons, and You Cant Sit Down by The Dovells. In both songs, the term is applied to residents of Philadelphias South Street, in that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn Cafe, using the term hippie to refer to the new generation of beatniks who had moved from North Beach into the Haight-Ashbury district. New York Times editor and usage writer Theodore M. Bernstein said the paper changed the spelling from hippy to hippie to avoid the ambiguous description of clothing as hippy fashions. Even the counterculture of the Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes of Sinope and the Cynics were also early forms of hippie culture
Hippie
–
Young hippie people near the Woodstock festival in August 1969.
Hippie
–
A Hippie-painted VW bug
Hippie
–
American hippies smoking cannabis in Thailand
Hippie
–
Escapin' through the lily fields I came across an empty space It trembled and exploded Left a bus stop in its place The bus came by and I got on That's when it all began There was cowboy Neal At the wheel Of a bus to never-ever land -
Grateful Dead, lyrics from "That's It for the Other One"
7.
Counterculture of the 1960s
–
Many key movements related to these issues were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. This embracing of creativity is particularly notable in the works of British Invasion bands such as the Beatles, in addition to the trendsetting Beatles, many other creative artists, authors, and thinkers, within and across many disciplines, helped define the counterculture movement. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from the movements of previous eras. Post-war affluence allowed many of the generation to move beyond a focus on the provision of the material necessities of life that had preoccupied their Depression-era parents. The counterculture era essentially commenced in earnest with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, poor outcomes from some of these activities set the stage for disillusionment with, and distrust of, post-war governments. In the US, President Dwight D, the Partial Test Ban Treaty divided the establishment within the US along political and military lines. In the UK, the Profumo Affair also involved establishment leaders being caught in deception, leading to disillusionment and serving as a catalyst for liberal activism. The Cuban Missile Crisis, which brought the world to the brink of war in October 1962, was largely fomented by duplicitous speech. The assassination of US President John F. Kennedy in November 1963, many social issues fueled the growth of the larger counterculture movement. On college and university campuses, student activists fought for the right to exercise their constitutional rights, especially freedom of speech. The availability of new and more effective forms of control was a key underpinning of the sexual revolution. With this change in attitude, by the 1990s the ratio of children out of wedlock rose from 5% to 25% for Whites. The end of censorship resulted in a reformation of the western film industry. Communes, collectives, and intentional communities regained popularity during this era, Some of these self-sustaining communities have been credited with the birth and propagation of the international Green Movement. The emergence of an interest in expanded spiritual consciousness, yoga, occult practices, in 1957, 69% of US residents polled by Gallup said religion was increasing in influence. By the late 1960s, polls indicated less than 20% still held that belief, the Generation Gap, or the inevitable perceived divide in worldview between the old and young, was perhaps never greater than during the counterculture era. Ultimately, practical and comfortable casual apparel, namely updated forms of T-shirts, many began to live largely clandestine lives because of their choice to use such drugs and substances, fearing retribution from their governments. The confrontations between college students and law enforcement officials became one of the hallmarks of the era, many younger people began to show deep distrust of police, and terms such as fuzz and pig as derogatory epithets for police reappeared, and became key words within the counterculture lexicon
Counterculture of the 1960s
–
Underwater atomic test
"Baker",
Bikini Atoll, Pacific Ocean, 1946.
Counterculture of the 1960s
–
The
peace sign (or peace symbol), designed and first used in the UK during the
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, later became synonymous with opposition to the Vietnam War.
Counterculture of the 1960s
–
Free Speech activist Mario Savio on the steps of Sproul Hall,
University of California, Berkeley, 1966.
Counterculture of the 1960s
–
Dr. King's "
I Have a Dream " speech, given in front of the
Lincoln Memorial during the 1963
March on Washington.
8.
Free festival
–
Free festivals are a combination of music, arts and cultural activities, for which often no admission is charged, but involvement is preferred. They are identifiable by being multi-day events connected by a community without centralised control. The pioneering free festival movement started in the UK in the 1970s, the first intentionally free festival was the 1972 to 1974 Windsor Free Festival, held in Windsor Great Park, England. The organisation was mostly Ubi Dwyer distributing thousands of leaflets and asking people and bands to bring their own equipment, un-authored leaflet from 1980, quoted in George McKay’s Senseless Acts of Beauty, Cultures of Resistance Since the Sixties
Free festival
–
Stonehenge Free Festival 1984
Free festival
–
Simon and Garfunkel at
The Concert in Central Park
Free festival
–
Cambridge Strawberry Fair 2011
Free festival
–
Strawberry Fair 2007, Cambridge
9.
Led Zeppelin
–
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, after changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Their fourth album, which features the track Stairway to Heaven, is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, Page wrote most of Led Zeppelins music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics. Jones keyboard-based compositions later became central to the catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that earned the group a reputation for excess, in the decades that followed, the surviving members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in London, Led Zeppelin are widely considered one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the music artists in the history of audio recording. With RIAA-certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and they achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums. Rolling Stone magazine described them as the heaviest band of all time, the biggest band of the Seventies, and unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, in 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page soon switched from bass to guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Becks departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, Page wanted to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitars, and the Whos Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project, the group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon did record a song together in 1966, Becks Bolero, in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones. The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire, Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Pages first choice for the singer was Terry Reid, but Reid declined the offer and suggested Robert Plant. Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending former Band of Joy drummer John Bonham, Jones inquired about the vacant position at the suggestion of his wife after Dreja dropped out of the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones since they were both musicians and agreed to let him join as the final member
Led Zeppelin
–
Clockwise, from top left:
Jimmy Page,
John Bonham,
Robert Plant,
John Paul Jones
Led Zeppelin
–
A 1937 photograph of the burning
LZ 129 Hindenburg, similar to that used on the cover of the band's debut album and extensively on later merchandise
Led Zeppelin
–
Bron-Yr-Aur, the Welsh cottage to which Page and Plant retired in 1970 to write many of the tracks that appeared on the band's third and fourth albums
Led Zeppelin
–
Plant and Page perform acoustically in Hamburg in March 1973, just before the release of the band's fifth album,
Houses of the Holy
10.
Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music
–
The Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music was a counterculture era music festival held at the Royal Bath and West Showground in Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England on 27–29 June 1970. Bands such as Pink Floyd and Led Zeppelin performed, and the festival was widely bootlegged, an alternative festival was staged in an adjoining field where the Pink Fairies, Yes, Genesis, and Hawkwind played on the back of a flatbed truck. The festival started at midday on the 27th and finished at about 6,30 am on Monday morning, a DJ played records for early arrivers from the Friday evening and continued to do so between many of the sets until the end. This lineup was approaching the level of the more famous Isle of Wight festival held in August of the same year, as it attracted less press coverage at the time and was a smaller affair, it has generally received less attention in the years since. Bath was the brainchild of promoter Freddy Bannister and his wife Wendy Bannister, the 1970 show attracted a significantly larger crowd of 150,000, but, like the Isle of Wight festival, an audience of such magnitude created some serious on-ground difficulties. The logistics proved to be too vast for Bannisters small team to cope with. Actually getting to the festival itself was another problem for many of the throng of fans, the country lanes leading to the site were swiftly blocked by cars, also meaning that many of the bands equipment trucks could not get to the site. Being a folk singer, his genre was not what the crowd had gone there to hear. So to test the mood of the out, he engaged in a bit of small talk. Then worked around to asking if they would like him to play a song whilst they waited for the act to arrive. A lively rendering of I know an old lady who swallowed a fly raised the crowds spirits, then he played some of his classics. As the crowd seemed to appreciate this, electric guitars, amps, still no bands came, so Donovan continued. His impromptu and free performance eventually filled in for 2½ hours of what otherwise would have been silence, as a consequence these delays, the festival ran behind schedule and many bands had to play to diminished crowds in the small hours of Monday morning. The last act, Dr John, hit the stage at dawn on Monday, the expenditure on these items ate into the profits, and many people decamped with the tents, which were hired. This was another expense that had to borne by the promoters, the festival was captured on both film and on video, in varying quality, but a lack of post-festival organisation led to the footage being lost for many years. Much of it has now recovered, but the black-and-white footage is of poor quality and is in many different hands. It is considered unlikely that it will see the light of day as a legitimate release since no one can agree on who owns the copyright. This situation could be contrasted to the Isle of Wight Festival, the festival was widely bootlegged, and several audience tapes are now in circulation
Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music
–
The stage –
Donovan has just begun his set
Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music
–
Admission ticket — price £2-50p
Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music
–
Admission ticket's reverse, showing notes
Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music
–
Poster for the Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music 1970
11.
Fallow
–
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is not used for one set of nutrients. It helps in reducing erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield. Growing the same crop in the place for many years in a row disproportionately depletes the soil of certain nutrients. Crop cycle is used in conventional and organic farming systems. Middle Eastern farmers practiced crop rotation in 6000 BC without understanding the chemistry, alternately planting legumes, in the Bible, chapter 25 of the Book of Leviticus instructs the Israelites to observe a Sabbath of the Land. Every seventh year they would not till, prune or even control insects, the Roman writer, Cato the Elder, recommended that farmers save carefully goat, sheep, cattle, and all other dung. From the times of Charlemagne, farmers in Europe transitioned from a crop rotation to a three-field crop rotation. Under a two-field rotation, half the land was planted in a year, then, in the next year, the two fields were reversed. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 20th century, Europes farmers practised three-field rotation, dividing available lands into three parts. One section was planted in the autumn with rye or winter wheat, followed by spring oats or barley, the second section grew crops such as peas, lentils, or beans, and the third field was left fallow. The three fields were rotated in this manner so that three years, a field would rest and be fallow. Under the two-field system, if one has a total of 600 acres of fertile land, under the new three-field rotation system, one would plant 400 acres. But the additional crops had a significant effect than mere quantitative productivity. Since the spring crops were mostly legumes, they increased the overall nutrition of the people of Northern Europe, farmers in the region of Waasland pioneered a four-field rotation in the early 16th century, and the British agriculturist Charles Townshend popularised this system in the 18th century. The sequence of four crops, included a crop and a grazing crop. The four-field crop rotation became a key development in the British Agricultural Revolution, the rotation between arable and ley is sometimes called ley farming. George Washington Carver studied crop-rotation methods in the United States, teaching southern farmers to rotate soil-depleting crops like cotton with soil-enriching crops like peanuts, such practices aimed to increase yields, to prepare soil for specialist crops, and to reduce waste and inefficiency by simplifying planting and harvesting
Fallow
–
Agriculture
Fallow
–
Satellite image of circular crop fields in
Kansas in late June 2001. Healthy, growing crops are green.
Corn would be growing into leafy stalks by then.
Sorghum, which resembles corn, grows more slowly and would be much smaller and therefore, (possibly) paler.
Wheat is a brilliant yellow as harvest occurs in June. Fields of brown have been recently harvested and plowed under or lie fallow for the year.
Fallow
–
Effects of crop rotation and monoculture at the Swojec Experimental Farm,
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. In the front field, the "Norfolk" crop rotation sequence (potatoes, oats, peas, rye) is being applied; in the back field, rye has been grown for 45 years in a row.
12.
Rutland Boughton
–
Rutland Boughton was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. His oeuvre includes three symphonies, several concertos, part-songs, songs, chamber music and opera and his best known work was the opera The Immortal Hour. His Bethlehem, based on the Coventry Nativity Play and notable for its arrangements of traditional Christmas carols. Other operas by Boughton include The Moon Maiden, Alkestis, in addition to his compositions, Boughton is remembered for his attempt to create an English Bayreuth at Glastonbury, establishing the first series of Glastonbury Festivals. They ran with success from 1914 until 1926. Rutland Boughton was the son of grocer William Boughton whose shop occupied Buckingham Street in the town of Aylesbury, from an early age he showed signs of exceptional talent for music although formal training opportunities did not immediately become available to him. While at RCM, Boughton studied under Charles Villiers Stanford and Walford Davies from 1898 to 1901 and he later took up ad-hoc work first in the pit of the Haymarket Theatre then as official accompanist to the baritone David Ffrangcon-Davies. In 1903, he married former Aylesbury neighbours daughter, Florence Hobley and it was in 1905 that he was approached by Sir Granville Bantock to become a member of staff at the Birmingham and Midland Institute of Music. It was whilst at Birmingham Boughton was presented with new opportunities. He proved an excellent teacher and a choral conductor which won him much recognition. He was drawn into socialist ideas through the writings of John Ruskin, William Morris, Edward Carpenter and George Bernard Shaw, the last with whom he developed a lifelong relationship. It was also during those years that he attached to the young art student, Christina Walshe. His friendship with Shaw had begun when Boughton had been turned down from his invitation to collaborate on an opera, Shaw initially refused to be associated with any of Boughtons music but Boughton would not be dissuaded and eventually Shaw realised they had something in common that was to endure. Out of his process of self-discovery and self-education, came the artistic aims that were to occupy Boughton for all his life, at this point, the three collaborators - Boughton, Buckley and Walshe - sought to establish a national festival of drama. Sir Edward Elgar promised to lay the foundation stone and Beecham to lend his London orchestra, however, in August 1914, the month set for the opening of the first production, World War 1 had been declared and the full plans had to be postponed. In 1922, Boughtons Festival Players went on tour and became established at Bristol in the Folk Festival House, the most notable and most successful of Boughtons works is the opera The Immortal Hour, an adaptation of the play by Fiona Macleod based on Celtic mythology. On its arrival at the Regent Theatre in 1922, it secured an initial run of over 200 consecutive performances, people came to see the opera on more than one occasion and especially to see and hear the young Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies whose portrayal as Etain began her professional acting career. In addition to The Immortal Hour and Bethlehem, his other operas The Queen of Cornwall based on Thomas Hardys play, the event caused much embarrassment to the people of Glastonbury who withdrew their support from Boughton, causing the Festival Players to go into liquidation
Rutland Boughton
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Rutland Boughton
Rutland Boughton
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Boughton at Glastonbury, circa 1915
Rutland Boughton
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Scene from The Immortal Hour
Rutland Boughton
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King Herod's Court in Bethlehem, Glastonbury 1915
13.
Everyman (play)
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The Somonyng of Everyman, usually referred to simply as Everyman, is a late 15th-century morality play. Like John Bunyans 1678 Christian novel The Pilgrims Progress, Everyman uses allegorical characters to examine the question of Christian salvation, the premise is that the good and evil deeds of ones life will be tallied by God after death, as in a ledger book. The play is the accounting of the life of Everyman. In the course of the action, Everyman tries to convince other characters to accompany him in the hope of improving his account, all the characters are also allegorical, each personifying an abstract idea such as Fellowship, Goods, and Knowledge. The conflict between good and evil is dramatised by the interactions between characters, Everyman is being singled out because it is difficult for him to find characters to accompany him on his pilgrimage. Everyman eventually realizes through this pilgrimage that he is alone, despite all the personified characters that were supposed necessities. Everyman learns that when you are brought to death and placed before God, the play was written in Middle English during the Tudor period, but the identity of the author is unknown. Although the play was produced with some frequency in the seventy-five years following its composition. There is a similar Dutch-language morality play of the period called Elckerlijc. In the early 20th century, scholars did not agree on which of these plays was the original, convincingly shown that Everyman is a translation and adaptation from the Dutch Elckerlijc. The cultural setting is based on the Roman Catholicism of the era, Everyman attains afterlife in heaven by means of good works and the Catholic Sacraments, in particular Confession, Penance, Unction, Viaticum and receiving the Eucharist. Here begins a treatise how the high Father of Heaven sends Death to summon every creature to come and give account of their lives in this world, Death arrives at Everymans side to tell him it is time to die and face judgment. Upon hearing this, Everyman is distressed, so begs for more time, Death denies this, but will allow Everyman to find a companion for his journey. Everymans friend Fellowship promises to go anywhere with him, but when he hears of the nature of Everymans journey. Everyman then calls on Kindred and Cousin and asks them to go with him, in particular, Cousin explains a fundamental reason why no people will accompany Everyman, they have their own accounts to write as well. Afterwards, Everyman asks Goods, who will not come, God’s judgment will be severe because of the selfishness implied in Goods’s presence. Everyman then turns to Good Deeds, who says she would go with him, Good Deeds summons her sister Knowledge to accompany them, and together they go to see Confession. In the presence of Confession, Everyman begs God for forgiveness and repents his sins, after his scourging, Everyman is absolved of his sins, and as a result, Good Deeds becomes strong enough to accompany Everyman on his journey with Death
Everyman (play)
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Frontispiece from edition of Everyman published by John Skot c. 1530.
14.
Isle of Wight Festival
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The Isle of Wight Festival is a music festival which takes place annually on the Isle of Wight in England. It was originally an event held from 1968 to 1970. The event was revived in 2002, the original events were promoted and organised by the Foulk brothers under the banner of their company Fiery Creations Limited and their younger brother Bill Foulk. The venues were Ford Farm, Wootton and Afton Down respectively, the 1969 event was notable for the appearance of Bob Dylan and the Band. This was Dylans first paid performance since his motor cycle accident some three years earlier, and was held at a time when many still wondered if he would perform again. Followers from across the world trekked to the Isle of Wight for the performance, the 1969 festival opened on Friday 29 August—eleven days after the close of Woodstock. Dylan was living in Woodstock, New York, at the time and it was believed that he would perform there. As it happened, Dylan left for the Isle of Wight on 15 August—the day the Woodstock festival began, the footage passed to Lerner in settlement of legal fees after a dispute with the Foulk brothers in which each side claimed against the other for breach of contract. Lerner distilled material from the festival into the film Message to Love released theatrically in 1996, in addition to this film, Lerner has created full-length films focused on performances by individual artists at the 1970 festival. To date there have been films of Miles Davis, Jimi Hendrix, The Who, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, The Moody Blues, Free, Taste, Leonard Cohen. Held on 31 August and 1 September 1968 and this took place on 30 and 31 August 1969 at Wootton, with an estimated attendance of 150,000. The line-up included Bob Dylan, The Band, The Nice, The Pretty Things, Marsha Hunt, The Who, Third Ear Band, Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, Fat Mattress, Joe Cocker. Many celebrities of the day also attended the Festival, including John Lennon and Yoko Ono, George Harrison with Pattie Boyd, Ringo Starr with Maureen Starkey, Keith Richards, the event was revived in 2002 at Seaclose Park, a recreation ground on the outskirts of Newport. It has been held annually since that year, progressively extending itself northwards beyond Seaclose Park along the fields of the eastern Medina valley. E. M. Coldplay, The Zombies, The Proclaimers, Bryan Adams, The Police, Foo Fighters, Fleetwood Mac and it was sponsored by Nokia from 2004 to 2006. The promoters of the event now are Solo Promoters Ltd, apart from being held on the Isle of Wight, and featuring the now customary artwork of Dave Roe, there is no connection with the festivals of 1968–1970. E. M. E. R. The performances by Muse and The Rolling Stones at the last festival were a major influence, at the same event, the coordinator of the festival, John Giddings, won the award for Outstanding Contribution to UK festivals. At the 2015 Awards, the Isle of Wight Festival won the award for Best Family Festival, the Festival also won Best Event, Isle of Wight Visitor Attraction Association Awards,2015 and is nominatied for Best Family Festival at the 2016 Family Traveller Awards
Isle of Wight Festival
15.
The Who
–
The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows. The Who developed from a group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars. Their first single as the Who, I Cant Explain, reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including My Generation, Substitute and Happy Jack. In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single I Can See for Miles, the groups fourth album, 1969s rock opera Tommy, included the single Pinball Wizard and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival, along with the live album Live at Leeds, with their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971s Whos Next, which included the hit Wont Get Fooled Again, the group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976, the release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after. Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity, releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia, after Townshend became weary of touring, the group split in 1982. The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985, a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and they resumed regular touring in 1999, with drummer Zak Starkey. After Entwistles death in 2002, plans for a new album were delayed, Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who, releasing Endless Wire in 2006, and continued to play live regularly. They are cited as an influence by rock, punk rock and mod bands. The founding members of the Who, Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend and John Entwistle, grew up in Acton, London and went to Acton County Grammar School. Townshend and Entwistle became friends in their year of Acton County. Both were interested in rock, and Townshend particularly admired Cliff Richards début single, Entwistle moved to guitar, but struggled with it due to his large fingers, and moved to bass on hearing the guitar work of Duane Eddy. He was unable to afford a bass and built one at home, after Acton County, Townshend attended Ealing Art College, a move he later described as profoundly influential on the course of the Who. Daltrey, who was in the year above, had moved to Acton from Shepherds Bush and he had trouble fitting in at the school, and discovered gangs and rock and roll
The Who
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The Who in 1975 Left to right:
Roger Daltrey (
vocals),
John Entwistle (
bass),
Keith Moon (
drums),
Pete Townshend (
guitar)
The Who
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Pete Townshend attended
Ealing Art College (pictured in 2010), and his experience there contributed to the Who's career.
The Who
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Roger Daltrey (left) and Keith Moon, 1967
The Who
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John Entwistle backstage in 1967
16.
The Kinks
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The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most important and influential bands of the era. The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat and their third single, the Ray Davies-penned You Really Got Me, became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. Between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the released a string of hit singles, studio albums drew good reviews. Their music was influenced by a range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies observational writing style, in addition, groups such as Van Halen, the Jam, the Knack, the Pretenders and the Fall covered their songs, helping to boost the Kinks record sales. In the 1990s, Britpop acts such as Blur and Oasis cited the band as a major influence, the Kinks broke up in 1996, a result of the commercial failures of their last few albums and creative tension between the Davies brothers. Ray Davies and Dave Davies remained members throughout the groups 32-year run, longest-serving member Mick Avory was replaced by Bob Henrit, formerly of Argent, in 1984. Original bassist Pete Quaife was replaced by John Dalton in 1969, session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins accompanied the band in the studio for many of their recordings in the mid-to-late 1960s. In 1969 the band became an official five-piece when keyboardist John Gosling joined them, being replaced by Ian Gibbons in 1979, the group had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40, in the UK, the group had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums. Four of their albums have been certified gold by the RIAA and have gone on to sell over 50 million albums worldwide, among numerous honours, they received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Service to British Music. In 1990, the four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Davies brothers were born in suburban North London on Huntingdon Road, East Finchley and their parents, Frederick and Annie Davies, moved the family to 6 Denmark Terrace, Fortis Green, in the neighbouring suburb of Muswell Hill. At home they were immersed in a world of varied styles, from the music hall of their parents generation to the jazz and early rock. Both Ray and his brother Dave, younger by almost three years, learned to play guitar, and they played skiffle and rock and roll together. The brothers attended William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, where formed a band. Their debut at a dance was well received, which encouraged the group to play at local pubs
The Kinks
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Original line-up in 1965. From left: Pete Quaife, Dave Davies, Ray Davies, Mick Avory.
The Kinks
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6 Denmark Terrace, the childhood home of the Davies brothers. The front room is where the family's frequent Saturday night parties were held.
The Kinks
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Publicity photo taken during a Swedish tour in 1965
The Kinks
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With the newly hired John Dalton in 1969. From left: Dave Davies, Ray Davies, Dalton, Mick Avory
17.
T. Rex (band)
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Rex were an English rock band, formed in 1967 by singer-songwriter and guitarist Marc Bolan. The band was initially called Tyrannosaurus Rex, and released four psychedelic folk albums under this name, in 1969, Bolan began to shift from the bands early acoustic sound to an electric one. The following year, he shortened their name to T. Rex, the 1970 release of the single Ride a White Swan marked the culmination of this development, and the group soon became a commercial success as part of the emerging glam rock scene. Rex encountered a popularity in the UK comparable to that of the Beatles, One of the most prominent acts in British popular culture, they scored four UK number one hits, Hot Love, Get It On, Telegram Sam and Metal Guru. The bands 1971 album Electric Warrior received critical acclaim as a glam rock album. It reached number 1 in the UK, the 1972 follow-up, The Slider, entered the top 20 in the US. Following the release of 20th Century Boy in 1973, which reached three in the UK, T. Rex began to experience less success but continued recording one album per year. In 1977, Bolan died in a car accident several months after releasing their studio album Dandy in the Underworld. Rex have continued to exert a vast influence on a variety of subsequent artists, Marc Bolan founded Tyrannosaurus Rex in August 1967, following a handful of failed solo singles and a brief career as lead guitarist in psych-rock band Johns Children. After a disastrous solitary performance as a four-piece at the Electric Garden in Londons Covent Garden, BBC Radio One Disc jockey John Peel championed the band early in their recording career. Peel later appeared on record with them, reading stories written by Bolan, another key collaborator was producer Tony Visconti, who went on to produce the bands albums well into their second, glam rock phase. The band became regulars on Peel Sessions on BBC radio, by 1969 there was a rift developing between the two halves of Tyrannosaurus Rex. Bolan and his girlfriend June Child were living a life, Bolan working on his book of poetry entitled The Warlock Of Love and concentrating on his songs. Took, however, had embraced the anti-commercial, drug-taking ethos of the UK Underground scene centred around Ladbroke Grove. Took was also attracted to anarchistic elements such as Mick Farren/Deviants and members of the Pink Fairies Rock n Roll, in response to Bolans rebuff, Took contributed two songs as well as vocals and percussion to Twinks Think Pink album. Bolans relationship with Took ended after this, although they were obliged to go through with a US tour which was doomed before it began. Poorly promoted and planned, the duo were overshadowed by the loud electric acts they were billed with
T. Rex (band)
–
T. Rex during their heyday (left to right):
Bill Legend,
Mickey Finn,
Marc Bolan,
Steve Currie.
18.
Stackridge
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Stackridge were a British rock group who were at the height of their success during the early 1970s. Stackridge Lemon was formed from the remains of Grytpype Thynne by Andy Davis, after initial experimentation, the word Lemon was dropped from the bands name. The band played its first London gig at The Temple in Wardour Street on 6 February 1970, Stackridge were the opening and closing act at the first Glastonbury Festival between 19 September and 20 September 1970. During 1971 Stackridge began serious gigging, although Crun left to take up bricklaying, the group embarked on a UK tour supporting Wishbone Ash. Later in the year they signed to MCA Records and recorded their first album Stackridge, at De Lane Lea Studios and they toured the UK as headliners with Renaissance supporting and played their first John Peel session for the BBC, which included a version of The Beatles Norwegian Wood. The group continued on a year of touring, again with Wishbone Ash, the second album Friendliness was quickly recorded in August 1972 and released in November with some songs that had started life in pre-Stackridge days. By this time Crun had rejoined the band consisted of Davis, Warren, Slater, Evans, Walter. In February 1973 the band made their first television appearance on BBC2s The Old Grey Whistle Test and they then toured during February and March with Camel in support. The third album The Man in the Bowler Hat was recorded during 1973 at AIR Studios, the album was released in February 1974 to excellent reviews, but failed to sell in large quantities. This was their highest charting album in the UK, reaching no.23, a different version of the album was released in the U. S. under the title Pinafore Days and became their only U. S. chart entry, peaking at no. 191, although a US tour never materialised, the group that went on tour to support the album sounded quite different from the one on the record. The fourth album Extravaganza on Elton Johns record label The Rocket Record Company was recorded at AIR Studios with Tony Ashton producing, the band now consisted of Davis, Bowkett, Gemmell, Karas and Morgan, along with the returning Slater, Evans, and Walter. Non-Stackridge written songs and cover versions became more prevalent, with more touring and an appearance at Wembley Stadium concert with Elton John and The Beach Boys,1975 saw the recording of the bands fifth outing in the studio, the concept album Mr. Mick. The Rocket Record Company, the record label, performed considerable editing on Mr. Mick. The album received good press, but some shows were abandoned on the grounds that the stages were too small. They performed a show in April 1976, and shortly afterwards the band disintegrated. MCA Records released the compilation Do the Stanley late in 1976 and it contained songs from the first three albums along with singles and a previously unreleased song Let There Be Lids, taken from their live performances. Stackridge officially announced in 1977 that they had disbanded, James Warren and Andy Cresswell-Davis formed The Korgis a few years later, BBC Radio 1 Live In Concert, released by Windsong in July 1992, raised renewed interest in the band
Stackridge
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Stackridge being interviewed at the 2008
Glastonbury Festival. From the left: Andy Davis, James Warren, Mutter Slater and Crun Walter.
Stackridge
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Playing the Acoustic Stage at the 2008
Glastonbury Festival.
19.
Al Stewart
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Alastair Ian Al Stewart is a Glasgow-born English singer-songwriter and folk-rock musician who rose to prominence as part of the British folk revival in the 1960s and 1970s. He developed a style of combining folk-rock songs with delicately woven tales of characters. Stewart is best known for his 1976 hit single Year of the Cat, Stewart was a key figure in British music and he appears throughout the musical folklore of the revivalist era. Stewart has released sixteen studio and three albums since his debut album Bedsitter Images in 1967, and continues to tour extensively in the US, Canada, Europe. His latest release is Uncorked, which was released on his independent label, although born in Glasgow, Al Stewart grew up in the town of Wimborne, Dorset, England, after moving from Scotland with his mother, Joan Underwood. His father, Alastair MacKichan Stewart, who served as a lieutenant in the Royal Air Force volunteer reserve. He attended Wycliffe College, Gloucestershire as a boarder, after that, as he sings in the song Post World War II Blues, I came up to London when I was 19 with a corduroy jacket and a head full of dreams. Stewart then signed to Columbia Records, for whom he released six albums, Stewarts debut album Bedsitter Images was released on LP in 1967. A revised version appeared in 1970 as The First Album with a few tracks changed, and his first recording of any kind appears on Jackson C. Franks first album, 1965s Jackson C, frank, playing guitar on Yellow Walls. Love Chronicles was notable for the 18-minute title track, an anguished autobiographical tale of sexual encounters that was the first mainstream record release ever to include the word fucking. It was voted Folk Album of the Year by the UK music magazine Melody Maker and features Jimmy Page and Richard Thompson on guitar. His third album, Zero She Flies, followed in 1970 and included a number of songs which ranged from acoustic ballads. These first three albums were released as the two-CD set To Whom it May Concern, 1966–70. In 1970, Stewart and fellow musician Ian A. Anderson headed to the town of Pilton. There, at Michael Eaviss Worthy Farm, Stewart performed at the first-ever Glastonbury Festival to a field of 1,000 hippies, on the back of his growing success, Stewart released Orange in 1972. The fifth release, Past, Present and Future, was Stewarts first album to receive a release in the United States. While too long for radio airplay at that time, the song became a hit on many US college/university radio stations
Al Stewart
–
Stewart performing in Santa Monica, California on 13 February 2010
20.
Andrew Kerr (festival co-founder)
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Andrew Kerr was a co-founder of Glastonbury Fair, the 1971 forerunner of todays Glastonbury Festival. Kerr managed the site up to the mid-1980s, helping establish it as the UKs foremost music festival. In June 1971, Kerr staged Glastonbury Fair, along with Arabella Churchill, Glastonbury Fair originated the use of the name Glastonbury, the June date, and the pyramid stage, inspired by the work of author John Michell. The position of the stage was dowsed by Kerr according with his belief in ley lines, Kerr was inspired to put on a free festival after his experience at the commercial Isle of Wight Festival in 1970. He was at school at Radley College and he spent his National Service as a stores assistant at Portsmouth in the Royal Navy, in which his father also served. For ten years following 1958 he was employed as assistant to Randolph Spencer Churchill. After organizing Glastonbury Fair in 1971, Kerr continued to manage the Glastonbury Festival site up until the mid 1980s, in 1992 Kerr put on the Whole Earth Show in Dorset, promoting organic agriculture and sustainable technologies. BBC Radio 4 carried the first wind powered broadcast from the show, while Tibetan priests blessed the site and he has been a consistent advocate of the benefits of aerobic composting, and has spoken on TV and radio about composting and the potential of compost funerals. Kerr spent his last years in Pilton, Somerset, home of the Glastonbury Festival, kerrs autobiography Intolerably Hip, The memoirs of Andrew Kerr was published in May 2011. A review in the Daily Mail referred to its slightly mad authenticity
Andrew Kerr (festival co-founder)
–
Events
21.
Arabella Churchill (charity founder)
–
Arabella Spencer-Churchill was an English charity founder, festival co-founder, and fundraiser. In 1971, Churchill played a role in the development of the Glastonbury Festival. In 1979, she set up the Childrens Area of the Festival, until her death, she ran the Theatre and Circus Fields. Her duties in the 2007 festival involved the booking and management of some 1500 separate acts and she also founded and was the director of the Childrens World charity. She appeared, at the age of two, in the portrait of Winston Churchill and his family which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery and she went to Fritham School for Girls, where she was Head Girl, and then Ladymede school, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She worked at Lepra, the charity for leprosy sufferers, in 1954 she had appeared on the cover of Life as part of a feature on possible future spouses of Prince Charles. In 1967 she was Debutante of the Year, met the Kennedys and Martin Luther King in America, in 1971 she was invited to represent Britain at the Norfolk International Azalea Festival in Virginia, established in 1953 after NATOs Allied command was established there. Each year a NATO country is honoured, and invited to send a beautiful “Azalea Queen as its ambassador, Churchill refused to go, indicating in a letter she believed in the goals of the peace movement, and was horrified by the Vietnam War. During the 1970s she embraced the culture of the time. She granted an interview to Rolling Stone magazine. In 1972 she married Jim Barton, and in 1973 had a son, in 1987 she met her second husband, a juggler, Haggis McLeod, and in 1988 they had a daughter, Jessica. She embraced Tibetan Buddhism through the teachings of Sogyal Rinpoche, author of The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, on Thursday 20 December 2007, Churchill died at St Edmunds Cottages, Bove Town, Glastonbury, Somerset, aged 58. She had suffered an illness due to pancreatic cancer, for which she had refused chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Arrangements following her death respected her Buddhist faith, and included a parade, in 2010 Michael Eavis received a donation from British Waterways of timber from the old gates at Caen Hill Locks in Wiltshire. This was used to construct a new bridge, dedicated to Churchills memory, arabella Churchill, The first lady of Glastonbury, The Independent Not the Churchills finest hour, Daily Mail See, Glastonbury Festival
Arabella Churchill (charity founder)
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A bridge, dedicated to Arabella Churchill, over the
Whitelake River on the site of the
Glastonbury Festival
Arabella Churchill (charity founder)
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Dedication plaque on "Bella's Bridge"
22.
Gilberto Gil
–
Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira, better known as Gilberto Gil, is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment. From 2003 to 2008, he served as Brazils Minister of Culture in the administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Gils musical style incorporates an eclectic range of influences, including Rock music, Brazilian genres including samba, African music, and reggae. Gil started to play music as a child and was still a teenager when he joined his first band and he began his career as a bossa nova musician, and then grew to write songs that reflected a focus on political awareness and social activism. He was a key figure in the Música popular brasileira and tropicália movements of the 1960s, alongside artists such as longtime collaborator Caetano Veloso. The Brazilian military regime took power in 1964 saw both Gil and Veloso as a threat, and the two were held for nine months in 1969 before they were told to leave the country. Gil moved to London, but returned to Bahia in 1972 and continued his career, as well as working as a politician. Gil was born in Salvador, a city in the northeast of Brazil. Ituaçu was a town of fewer than a thousand, located in the sertão, or countryside. His father, José Gil Moreira, was a doctor, his mother, Claudina Passos Gil Moreira, as a young boy, he attended a Marist Brothers school. Gil remained in Ituaçu until he was nine years old, returning to Salvador for secondary school. Gils interest in music was precocious, When I was only two or two and a half, he recalled, I told my mother I was going to become a musician or a president of my country. He grew up listening to the music of his native northeast. Early on, he began to play the drums and the trumpet, Gils mother was the chief supporter in his musical ambitions, she bought him an accordion and, when he was ten years old, sent him to music school in Salvador which he attended for four years. As an accordionist, Gil first played music, but grew more interested in the folk. He was particularly influenced by singer and accordion player Luiz Gonzaga, he began to sing, Gil has noted that he grew to identify with Gonzaga because he sang about the world around, the world that encountered. During his years in Salvador, Gil also encountered the music of songwriter Dorival Caymmi, Gonzaga and Caymmi were Gils formative influences. While in Salvador, Gil was introduced to other styles of music, including American big band jazz. In 1950 Gil moved back to Salvador with his family and it was there, while still in high school, that he joined his first band, Os Desafinados, in which he played accordion and vibraphone and sang
Gilberto Gil
–
Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Gil
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Gilberto Gil performing in 2007
Gilberto Gil
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Gil with former
President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
23.
Great Pyramid of Giza
–
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, initially at 146.5 metres, the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed an outer surface. Some of the stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramids construction techniques, most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place. There are three chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock upon which the pyramid was built and was unfinished, the so-called Queens Chamber and Kings Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure. It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu and was constructed over a 20-year period, Khufus vizier, Hemiunu, is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian cubits tall, each base side was 440 cubits,230.4 metres long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes, the volume, including an internal hillock, is roughly 2,500,000 cubic metres. Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day, the first precision measurements of the pyramid were made by Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880–82 and published as The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. Almost all reports are based on his measurements, many of the casing stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision. Based on measurements taken on the casing stones, the mean opening of the joints is only 0.5 millimetre wide. The pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, the accuracy of the pyramids workmanship is such that the four sides of the base have an average error of only 58 millimetres in length. The base is horizontal and flat to within ±15 mm, the ratio of the perimeter to height of 1760/280 royal cubits equates to 2π to an accuracy of better than 0. 05%. Some Egyptologists consider this to have been the result of deliberate design proportion, verner wrote, We can conclude that although the ancient Egyptians could not precisely define the value of π, in practice they used it. Petrie, author of Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh concluded, but these relations of areas, others have argued that the Ancient Egyptians had no concept of pi and would not have thought to encode it in their monuments. They believe that the observed pyramid slope may be based on a simple seked slope choice alone, with no regard to the overall size, in 2013 rolls of papyrus were discovered written by some of those who delivered stone and other construction materials to Khufus brother at Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza
–
Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza
–
Transparent view of Khufu's pyramid from SE. Taken from a 3d Model
Great Pyramid of Giza
–
Great Pyramid of Giza from a 19th-century
stereopticon card
photo
Great Pyramid of Giza
–
Casing stone in the
British Museum.
24.
Dowsing
–
Dowsing is considered a pseudoscience, and there is no scientific evidence that it is any more effective than random chance. Dowsing is also known as divining, doodlebugging or water finding, a Y- or L-shaped twig or rod, called a dowsing rod, divining rod, a vining rod or witching rod is sometimes used during dowsing, although some dowsers use other equipment or no equipment at all. Dowsing appears to have arisen in the context of Renaissance magic in Germany, the motion of dowsing rods is nowadays generally attributed to the ideomotor effect. Dowsing as practiced today may have originated in Germany during the 15th century, as early as 1518 Martin Luther listed dowsing for metals as an act that broke the first commandment. The 1550 edition of Sebastian Münsters Cosmographia contains a woodcut of a dowser with forked rod in hand walking over an image of a mining operation. The rod is labelled Virgula Divina – Glück rüt, but there is no text accompanying the woodcut, by 1556 Georgius Agricolas treatment of mining and smelting of ore, De Re Metallica, included a detailed description of dowsing for metal ore. It is thought that the dialect term dowsing was introduced at this period – its origin is unknown, in the South of France in the 17th century it was used in tracking criminals and heretics. Its abuse led to a decree of the inquisition in 1701, an epigram by Samuel Sheppard, from Epigrams theological, philosophical, and romantick runs thus, Virgula divina. Some Sorcerers do boast they have a Rod, Gatherd with Vowes and Sacrifice, And will strangely nod To hidden Treasure where it lies, Mankind is that Rod divine, For to the Wealthiest they incline. Dowsing was conducted in South Dakota in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to help homesteaders, farmers, in the late 1960s during the Vietnam War, some United States Marines used dowsing to attempt to locate weapons and tunnels. Regardless of the experiments, dowsing is still used by some farmers. Traditionally, the most common dowsing rod is a branch from a tree or bush. Some dowsers prefer branches from trees, and some prefer the branches to be freshly cut. Hazel twigs in Europe and witch-hazel in the United States are traditionally commonly chosen, the two ends on the forked side are held one in each hand with the third pointing straight ahead. Often the branches are grasped palms down, the dowser then walks slowly over the places where he suspects the target may be, and the dowsing rod dips, inclines or twitches when a discovery is made. This method is known as willow witching. Many dowsers today use a pair of simple L-shaped metal rods, one rod is held in each hand, with the short arm of the L held upright, and the long arm pointing forward. When something is found, the cross over one another making an X over the found object
Dowsing
–
A dowser, from an 18th-century French book about superstitions
Dowsing
–
Dowsing for metal ore, from 1556 "
De re metallica libri XII" book
Dowsing
–
Not to be confused with
Dousing.
Dowsing
–
1942: George Casely uses a hazel twig to attempt to find water on the land around his Devon farm
25.
David Bowie
–
David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
David Bowie
–
Bowie during the
Heathen Tour in 2002
David Bowie
–
David Bowie during the
Ziggy Stardust Tour
David Bowie
–
Bowie performing with
Cher on the
Cher show, 1975
David Bowie
–
Bowie as the Thin White Duke at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1976
26.
Traffic (band)
–
Traffic was an English rock band, formed in Birmingham. The group formed in April 1967 by Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi, Chris Wood and their first three singles were Paper Sun, Hole in My Shoe, and Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush. After disbanding in 1969, during which time Winwood joined Blind Faith, the bands line-up varied from this point until they disbanded again in 1975. A partial reunion, with Winwood and Capaldi, took place in 1994, Traffic was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. Traffics singer, keyboardist, and sometimes guitarist Steve Winwood was the singer for the Spencer Davis Group at age 15. The Spencer Davis Group released four Top Ten singles and three Top Ten albums in the United Kingdom, as well as two Top Ten singles in the United States. Drummer/vocalist/lyricist Jim Capaldi and guitarist Dave Mason had both been in the Hellions and Deep Feeling, while woodwinds player Chris Wood came out of Locomotive, Winwood, Capaldi, Mason, and Wood met when they jammed together at The Elbow Room, a club in Aston, Birmingham. After Winwood left the Spencer Davis Group in April 1967, the quartet formed Traffic, Capaldi came up with the name of the group while the four of them were waiting to cross the street in Dorchester. Soon thereafter, they rented a cottage near the village of Aston Tirrold, Berkshire to write. The use of this cottage would prove to be important in the development of the band, Traffic signed to Chris Blackwells Island Records label, and their debut single Paper Sun became a UK hit in mid-1967. Their second single, Masons psych-pop Hole in My Shoe, was a bigger hit. The bands third single, Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush, was made for the soundtrack of the 1967 British feature film of the same name. Their debut album was Mr. Fantasy, produced by Jimmy Miller, released in 1968, it included the original version of Masons Feelin Alright, which was later recorded with great success by Joe Cocker and Three Dog Night. Mason also cited discomfort with the Traffic lifestyle, the band toured the US as a trio in late 1968, which led to the following years release of Traffics next album, Last Exit, one side of which was recorded live. During 1968 Winwood and Wood often played with Jimi Hendrix, the band was dissolved by Winwoods leaving in early 1969. His departure went unexplained at the time, even to Capaldi and Wood and it seemed to me a normal thing to do. Winwood then formed the supergroup Blind Faith, which lasted less than a year, recording one album, Traffic went on to expand its lineup late in 1970, adding Winwoods former Blind Faith bandmate Ric Grech on bass. The group further expanded in 1971 with drummer Jim Gordon of Derek, the live album Welcome to the Canteen was released in September and marked the bands break with United Artists Records
Traffic (band)
–
Traffic in 1973
Traffic (band)
–
Winwood and Capaldi, 1994
27.
Fairport Convention
–
Fairport Convention are an English folk rock and electric folk band. Formed in 1967, they are regarded as a key group in the English folk rock movement. Since 1979, they have hosted the Cropredy Festival, which is the largest such event in England. Individually and collectively the members of Fairport Convention have received awards recognising their contribution to music. As of 2017, they continue to record and tour, bassist Ashley Hutchings met guitarist Simon Nicol in North London in 1966 when they both played in the Ethnic Shuffle Orchestra. They soon added a female singer, Judy Dyble, which gave them a distinctive sound among the many London bands of the period, Fairport Convention were soon playing regularly at underground venues such as UFO and The Electric Garden, which later became the Middle Earth club. After only a few months, they caught the attention of manager Joe Boyd who secured them a contract with Polydor Records, Boyd suggested they augment the line-up with another male vocalist. Singer Iain Matthews joined the band and their first album, Fairport Convention, was recorded in late 1967, at this early stage Fairport looked to North American folk and folk rock acts such as Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan, and The Byrds for material and inspiration. Fairport Convention played alongside Jefferson Airplane at the First Isle of Wight Festival,1968, after disappointing album sales they signed a new contract with Island Records. Before their next recording Judy Dyble was replaced by the band with Sandy Denny and these recordings marked the growth of much greater musicality and song-writing ability among the band. The first of these featured the Thompson-penned Meet on the Ledge, during the recording of Unhalfbricking, Matthews left after having sung on only one song, eventually to form Matthews Southern Comfort. He was not replaced, the male members covered his vocal parts. The album featured a guest appearance by Birmingham folk fiddler Dave Swarbrick on a recording of A Sailors Life and these two albums began to gain the band wider recognition. Radio DJ John Peel championed their music, playing their albums on his influential BBC shows, Peel also recorded a number of sessions which were later released as the album Heyday. They enjoyed some success when they entered the singles charts with Si Tu Dois Partir. The record just missed the top twenty, but secured the band a slot on Top of the Pops, in 1969 four members of the band, one uncredited and three with pseudonyms, featured as backing musicians on the album Love Chronicles by Scottish folk artist Al Stewart. On 12 May 1969, on the way home from a gig at Mothers, martin Lamble, aged only nineteen, and Jeannie Franklyn, Richard Thompsons girlfriend, were killed. The rest of the band suffered injuries of varying severity, however, they reconvened with Dave Mattacks taking over drumming duties and Dave Swarbrick, having made contribution to Unhalfbricking, now joined as a full member
Fairport Convention
–
Fairport Convention celebrating their 40th Anniversary
Fairport Convention
–
Simon Nicol and
Ric Sanders of Fairport Convention on stage at
Fairport's Cropredy Convention 2005
Fairport Convention
–
The stage at
Fairport's Cropredy Convention in August 2009
Fairport Convention
–
Simon Nicol at the
BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in February 2007
28.
Gong (band)
–
Gong is an international psychedelic rock band known for incorporating elements of jazz and space rock into its musical style. The group was formed in Paris in 1967 by Australian musician Daevid Allen, notable band members have included Didier Malherbe, Pip Pyle, Steve Hillage, Mike Howlett, Pierre Moerlen, Bill Laswell and Theo Travis. Others who have played on stage with Gong include Don Cherry, Chris Cutler, Bill Bruford, Brian Davison, Dave Stewart, Gong released its debut album, Magick Brother, in 1970, which featured a psychedelic pop sound. By the following year, the album, Camembert Electrique. In 1975, Daevid Allen & Gilli Smyth left the band and this incarnation of the band became known as Pierre Moerlens Gong. With Allens encouragement, the decided to continue and released the album Rejoice. Im Dead. on 16 September 2016 and he settled in Paris, where he and his partner, London-born Sorbonne professor Gilli Smyth, established the first incarnation of Gong along with Ziska Baum on vocals and Loren Standlee on flute. However, the nascent band came to an end during the May 1968 student revolution. They headed for Deià in Majorca, where they had lived for a time in 1966, in August 1969, film director Jérôme Laperrousaz, a close friend of the pair, invited them back to France to record a soundtrack for a motorcycle racing movie which he was planning. However, Tritsch was not ready in time for the sessions, the album, entitled Magick Brother, was completed in October. Magick Brother was released in March 1970, followed in April by a single, Est-Ce Que Je Suis. B/w Hip Hip Hypnotise Ya, which again featured Laloux and Gewissler, in October, the band moved into an abandoned 12-room hunting lodge called Pavillon du Hay, near Voisines and Sens,120 km south-east of Paris. They would be based there until early 1974, houari left the band in the spring of 1971 and was replaced by English drummer Pip Pyle, whom Allen had been introduced to by Robert Wyatt during the recording of his debut solo album, Banana Moon. The new line-up recorded a soundtrack for Laperrousazs movie, now entitled Continental Circus, next, they began work on their second studio album, Camembert Electrique, later referred to by Allen as the first real band album. It established the progressive, space rock sound which would make their name, leading, in the autumn, however, by the end of the year Pyle had left the group, to be replaced by another English drummer, Laurie Allan. 1972 saw the start of increasing line-up disruption for Gong, Laurie Allan left in April to be replaced by Mac Poole, then Charles Hayward and then Rob Tait, before returning again late in the year. Gilli Smyth left for a time to look after her and Daevid Allens baby son and was replaced by Diane Stewart, who was the partner of Tait and the ex-wife of Graham Bond. Christian Tritsch moved to guitar and was replaced on bass by former Magma member Francis Moze, as they settled in, they were played a rough mix of Mike Oldfields Tubular Bells, then already in production
Gong (band)
–
Gong live in Tel Aviv, 31 October 2009
Steve Hillage,
Gilli Smyth, Chris Taylor,
Dave Sturt,
Daevid Allen (from left to right)
Gong (band)
–
Gilli Smyth &
Daevid Allen, 1974
Gong (band)
–
Steve Hillage, 1974
Gong (band)
–
Gong playing Hyde Park, 29 June 1974
29.
Hawkwind
–
Hawkwind are an English rock band and one of the earliest space rock groups. Their lyrics favour urban and science fiction themes, formed in November 1969, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and they have incorporated different styles into their music, including hard rock, progressive rock and psychedelic rock. They are also regarded as an influential proto-punk band, dozens of musicians, dancers and writers have worked with the band since their inception. They are best known for the song Silver Machine, which became a number three UK hit single in 1972, but they scored further hit singles with Urban Guerrilla, twenty-two of their albums charted in the UK from 1971 to 1993. BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel was in the audience and was impressed enough to tell event organiser, Douglas Smith, Smith signed them up and got them a deal with Liberty Records on the back of a deal he was setting up for Cochise. Pretty Things guitarist Dick Taylor was brought in to produce the 1970 debut album Hawkwind, although it was not a commercial success, it did bring them to the attention of the UK underground scene finding them playing free concerts, benefit gigs, and festivals. Their use of drugs, however, led to the departure of Harrison, Crimble played on a few BBC sessions before leaving to help organise the Glastonbury Free Festival 1971, he sat in during the bands performance there. Lloyd-Langton also quit, after a bad LSD trip at the Isle of Wight Festival led to a nervous breakdown and their followup album, 1971s In Search of Space, brought greater commercial success, reaching number 18 on the UK album charts. Science fiction author Michael Moorcock and dancer Stacia also started contributing to the band, dik Mik had left the band, replaced by sound engineer Del Dettmar, but chose to return for this album giving the band two electronics players. Anderson and Lloyd-Langton then formed the short-lived band Amon Din, meanwhile, Ollis quit, unhappy with the commercial direction the band were heading in. The addition of bassist Ian Lemmy Kilmister and drummer Simon King propelled the band to greater heights, one of the early gigs this band played was a benefit for the Greasy Truckers at The Roundhouse on 13 February 1972. A live album of the concert Greasy Truckers Party was released, and after re-recording the vocal and this generated sufficient funds for the subsequent album Doremi Fasol Latido Space Ritual tour. The show featured dancers Stacia and Miss Renee, mime artist Tony Carrera, dik Mik departed during 1973 and Calvert ended his association with the band to concentrate on solo projects. Dettmar left after a European tour and emigrated to Canada, whilst Alan Powell deputised for an incapacitated King on that European tour, but remained giving the band two drummers. At the beginning of 1975, the band recorded the album Warrior on the Edge of Time in collaboration with Michael Moorcock, however, during a North America tour in May, Lemmy was caught in possession of amphetamine crossing the border from the USA into Canada. The border police mistook the powder for cocaine and he was jailed, fed up with his erratic behaviour, the band fired the bass player replacing him with their long-standing friend and former Pink Fairies guitarist Paul Rudolph. Lemmy then teamed up with another Pink Fairies guitarist, Larry Wallis, to form Motörhead, Robert Calvert made a guest appearance with the band for their headline set at the Reading Festival in August 1975, after which he chose to rejoin the band as a full-time lead vocalist. Stacia, on the hand, chose to relinquish her dancing duties
Hawkwind
–
Hawkwind playing at the Monsters of Rock festival in Donington Park in 1982
Hawkwind
–
Dave Brock
30.
Melanie Safka
–
Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk is an American singer-songwriter. Melanie was born and raised in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens and her father, Fred, was of a Ukrainian ethnic background and her jazz singer mother, Pauline Polly Altomare Safka-Bertolo, was of Italian heritage. Melanie made her first public singing appearance at age four on the radio show Live Like A Millionaire and she attended Red Bank High School in Red Bank, New Jersey, after transferring from Long Branch High School, graduating in 1964. In the 1960s, when she was starting out, Melanie performed at The Inkwell, initially signed to Columbia Records in the United States, Melanie released two singles on the label. Subsequently she signed with Buddah Records and first found success in Europe in 1969 with Bobos Party which reached Number 1 in France. Her debut album received reviews from Billboard which heralded her voice as wise beyond her years. Her non-conformist approach to the selections on this LP make her a new talent to be reckoned with, later in 1969, Melanie had a hit in the Netherlands with Beautiful People. The recording became a hit in Europe, Australia, Canada, the B-side of the single featured Melanies spoken-word track Candles in the Rain. Lay Down became Melanies first Top Ten hit in America, peaking at Number 6 on the Billboard singles chart, later hits included Peace Will Come and a cover of the Rolling Stones Ruby Tuesday. In 1970, Melanie was the only artist to ignore the injunction banning the Powder Ridge Rock Festival. Shortly following this performance, she played at the Strawberry Fields Festival held from August 7 to 9,1970, at Mosport Park and she also performed at the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970 where she was introduced by Keith Moon and received four standing ovations. She was also the artist who sang to herald in the solstice at Glastonbury Fayre in England in June 1971. She performed again at Glastonbury in 2011, the 40th anniversary of the original festival and she left Buddah Records when they insisted that she produce albums on demand. In 1971 she formed her own label, Neighborhood Records, with Peter Schekeryk and she had her biggest American hit on the Neighborhood label, the novelty-sounding 1972 number one Brand New Key. Brand New Key sold over three million worldwide and was featured in the 1997 movie Boogie Nights. When first released, Brand New Key was banned by radio stations because some heard sexual innuendo in the lyrics. Melanie has acknowledged the possibility of reading an unintended sexual innuendo in the song, stating, I thought it was cute, a kind of old thirties tune. I guess a key and a lock have always been Freudian symbols, there was no deep serious expression behind the song, but people read things into it
Melanie Safka
–
Melanie in 1975
Melanie Safka
–
Melanie on the "Mr Softee" free stage
Melanie Safka
–
In concert, February 2005
31.
Nicolas Roeg
–
Nicolas Jack Roeg CBE BSC is an English film director and cinematographer. After National Service he entered the business as a tea boy moving up to clapper-loader. Early in his career Roeg was a cinematographer on Lawrence of Arabia, then cinematographer on Roger Cormans The Masque of the Red Death. He co-directed and photographed Performance in 1970 and he later directed such films as Walkabout, Dont Look Now and The Man Who Fell to Earth. They seem, to shatter reality into a thousand pieces and are unpredictable, fascinating, cryptic and these techniques, and Roegs foreboding sense of atmosphere, influenced later filmmakers such as Steven Soderbergh, Tony Scott, Ridley Scott, François Ozon and Danny Boyle. Roegs influence on cinema is not limited to deconstructing narrative, the Memo From Turner sequence in Performance predates many techniques later used in music videos. His work was documented at the Riverside Studios, London from 12–14 September 2008 and he introduced the retrospective along with Miranda Richardson, who starred in Puffball. The retrospective included Bad Timing, Puffball, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Man Who Fell to Earth, The Witches, Eureka, Dont Look Now, the London Film Academy organised this event for Roeg in honour of his patronage of the school. Roeg was born in London, to Mabel Gertrude and Jack Nicolas Roeg, Roeg was married to Susan Stephen from 1957–77. They had four children, Waldo, Nico, Sholto and the producer Luc Roeg, Roeg married Theresa Russell in 1982 and they had two children, Max and Statten Roeg. Following their divorce, Roeg married Harriet Harper in 2004, tribute to Nicolas Roeg 2007, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, accessed 12 July 2014. Book Review, The World is Ever Changing by Nicolas Roeg, independent. co. uk, accessed 12 July 2014
Nicolas Roeg
–
Nicolas Roeg at 43rd
KVIFF (2008)
32.
David Puttnam
–
David Terence Puttnam, Baron Puttnam, CBE, HonFRSA, HonFRPS, MRIA is a British film producer and educator. His productions include Chariots of Fire, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and he sits on the Labour benches in the House of Lords, although he is not principally a politician. Puttnam was born in Southgate, London, England, the son of Marie Beatrix, a homemaker of Jewish origin, and Leonard Arthur Puttnam, in 1978 he also produced Alan Parkers Midnight Express, but for the US company Casablanca Filmworks. Many of the Enigma films made in the 1980s were done in association with the financial backer Goldcrest Films, Puttnam was chairman and CEO of Columbia Pictures from June 1986 until September 1987. In 1998, he retired from production to focus on his work in education. In 1983, Puttnam was appointed as a Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, in 1995 Puttnam was appointed as a Knight Bachelor. In 1997, Puttnam was created as a peer and was granted Letters Patent to become Baron Puttnam, of Queensgate in the Royal Borough of Kensington. In 1998, Puttnam was named in a list of donors to the British Labour Party. This was widely interpreted as being aimed at stopping Rupert Murdochs News Corporation from buying channel Five, when the government opposed the amendment, Puttnam brokered a compromise – the introduction of a public interest test to be applied by the new regulator Ofcom, but without explicit restrictions. In 2007, he chaired the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Draft Climate Change Bill, since November 2012, he has been the Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy to Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. In December 2012, Puttnam, who lives in Skibbereen, County Cork, was named Ireland’s Digital Champion by Communications Minister Pat Rabbitte, TD. In August 2014, Puttnam was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to Septembers referendum on that issue. Puttnam was for 10 years chairman of the National Film and Television School and he founded Skillset, which trains young people to become members of the film and television industries. From 2002-2009 he was UK president of UNICEF and remains an ambassador, Puttnam was the first chancellor of the University of Sunderland from 1997 until 13 July 2007. In 1998, he founded the National Teaching Awards and became its first chairman and he was the founding chairman of the General Teaching Council 2000–2002. He was appointed as chancellor of the Open University in 2007 and he was also the Chairman of NESTA from 1998 until 2003. He was also on the board of directors of learning technologies company Promethean, lord Puttnam is the patron of SCHOOLS NorthEast, an organisation set up in 2007 to represent all schools in the North East of England. He is also a patron of the Shakespeare Schools Festival, a charity that enables school children across the UK to perform Shakespeare in professional theatres
David Puttnam
–
Puttnam at the Orange
British Academy Film Awards in London's
Royal Opera House, February 2007
David Puttnam
–
Lord Puttnam on 10 July 2006 at the
University of Sunderland School of Computing and Technology Awards Ceremony.
David Puttnam
–
Puttnam speaking on the regulation of
new media at the
Singapore Management University in March 2014
33.
Glastonbury Fayre
–
Glastonbury Fayre is a 1972 documentary film directed by Nicolas Roeg and Peter Neal of the 1971 Glastonbury Festival which was held on 20–24 June 1971. The film is the first attempt to document the Glastonbury Festival which in 1971 was in its second year, Glastonbury Fayre is notable for being photographed by Nicolas Roeg and being one of the first films produced by David Puttnam. The film is a mix of performances from the likes of Arthur Brown and Fairport Convention and it does not feature any footage of David Bowie, who played at dawn, but he is on the soundtrack. The film received a VHS release during the 1990s but has since been deleted, a DVD of the film was released with the CD edition of the Akarma reissue of the album. A four-minute clip of the featured on the extras of the 2005 Glastonbury Anthems DVD. An 87-minute DVD of Glastonbury Fayre is available
Glastonbury Fayre
–
Glastonbury Fayre
Glastonbury Fayre
–
Events
34.
Stonehenge Free Festival
–
By the 1980s, the festival had grown to be a major event, attracting up to 30,000 people in 1984. The festival attendees were viewed as hippies by the wider British public and this, along with the open drug use and sale, contributed to the increase in restrictions on access to Stonehenge, and fences were erected around the stones in 1977. The same year, police resurrected a law against driving over grassland in order to levy fines against festival goers in motorised transport. However, as late as 1984 the police-festival relations were relaxed, the festival was a celebration of various alternative cultures. The Tibetan Ukrainian Mountain Troupe, The Tepee People, Circus Normal, the Peace Convoy, New Age Travellers, List of historic rock festivals List of jam band music festivals Phil Russell, aka Wally Hope, co-founder of the Stonehenge and Windsor free festivals
Stonehenge Free Festival
–
Stonehenge Free Festival
35.
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
–
It opposes military action that may result in the use of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and the building of nuclear power stations in the UK. CND was formed in 1957 and since that time has periodically been at the forefront of the movement in the UK. It claims to be Europes largest single-issue peace campaign, between 1959 and 1965 it organised the Aldermaston March, which was held over the Easter weekend from the Atomic Weapons Establishment near Aldermaston to Trafalgar Square, London. CNDs current strategic objectives are, The elimination of British nuclear weapons and it campaigns for the cancellation of Trident by the British government and against the deployment of nuclear weapons in Britain. The abolition of weapons of destruction, in particular chemical and biological weapons. CND wants a ban on the manufacture, testing and use of depleted uranium weapons A nuclear-free, less militarised and it supports the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. It opposes US military bases and nuclear weapons in Europe and British membership of NATO, the closure of the nuclear power industry. It also organised a vigil for the victims of the 2005 London bombings, CND campaigns against the Trident missile. In March 2007 it organised a rally in Parliament Square to coincide with the Commons motion to renew the weapons system, the rally was attended by over 1,000 people. In the House of Commons,161 MPs voted against the renewal of Trident, in 2006 CND launched a campaign against nuclear power. Its membership, which had fallen to 32,000 from a peak of 110,000 in 1983, there are five specialist sections, Trade Union CND, Christian CND, Labour CND, Green CND and Ex-Services CND, which have rights of representation on the governing council. There are also parliamentary, youth and student groups, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament was founded in 1957 in the wake of widespread fear of nuclear conflict and the effects of nuclear tests. In the early 1950s Britain had become the third power, after the USA and the USSR. Priestley wrote an article for the New Statesman magazine, Britain, Collins was chosen as its Chairman, Bertrand Russell as its President and Peggy Duff as its organising secretary. The other members of its executive committee were Martin, Priestley, Ritchie Calder, journalist James Cameron, Howard Davies, Michael Foot, Arthur Goss, and Joseph Rotblat. The Campaign was launched at a meeting at Central Hall, Westminster. After the meeting a few hundred left to demonstrate at Downing Street, the new organisation attracted considerable public interest and drew support from a range of interests, including scientists, religious leaders, academics, journalists, writers, actors and musicians. Other prominent founding members of CND were Fenner Brockway, E. P. Thompson, A. J. P. Taylor, Anthony Greenwood, Lord Simon, D. H. Pennington, Eric Baker and Dora Russell
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
–
Bertrand Russell (centre), alongside his wife Edith and
Ralph Schoenman with
Michael Randle (second left), leading an anti-nuclear march in London, 18 February 1961
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
–
The CND symbol, designed by
Gerald Holtom in 1958. It has become a nearly universal
peace symbol used in many different versions worldwide.
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
–
CND rally, in Aberystwyth, Wales May 25, 1961
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
–
1983 Easter CND march around the
Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) at
Aldermaston
36.
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
–
The Ministry of Defence is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majestys Government and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. The MoD states that its objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace. The MoD also manages day-to-day running of the forces, contingency planning. As rearmament became a concern during the 1930s, Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence. Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlees government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946, the new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. These departments merged in 1964, the functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merged into the Ministry of Defence in 1971. The Ministers in the Ministry of Defence are as follows, The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific, the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government, Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Stephen Lovegrove—commencing April 2016 Defence Equipment & Support CEO - Tony Douglas — commencing 2016 Chief Scientific Adviser, Professor Vernon C. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, General Sir Gordon Messenger, Royal Marines. First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sir Philip Jones, Royal Navy Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Nick Carter, the Surgeon General, represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff, and is the clinical head of that service. These forces must be capable of representing Britain as lead nation in any coalition operations, the ability, at longer notice, to deploy forces in a large-scale operation while running a concurrent small-scale operation. The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of defence diplomacy, the UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered, the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces, Defend and contribute to the security and resilience of the UK. Contribute to improved understanding of the world through strategic intelligence and the defence network. Reinforce international security and the capacity of our allies, partners. Conduct operations to restore peace and stability, conduct major combat operations if required, including under NATO Article 5
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
–
Jon Thompson, Permanent Under-Secretary of State
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
–
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
–
The plaque outside the South Door of the MoD's Main Building.
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
–
A British armed forces careers office in
Oxford
37.
Cold War
–
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed. The term cold is used there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, supported by the two sides. The Cold War split the temporary alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Soviet Union. The USSR was a Marxist–Leninist state ruled by its Communist Party and secret police, the Party controlled the press, the military, the economy and all organizations. In opposition stood the West, dominantly democratic and capitalist with a free press, a small neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement, it sought good relations with both sides. The two superpowers never engaged directly in full-scale armed combat, but they were armed in preparation for a possible all-out nuclear world war. The first phase of the Cold War began in the first two years after the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Berlin Blockade was the first major crisis of the Cold War. With the victory of the communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War, the USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America, and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia. Meanwhile, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was stopped by the Soviets, the expansion and escalation sparked more crises, such as the Suez Crisis, the Berlin Crisis of 1961, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia, détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the beginning of the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979. The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension, with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the mid-1980s, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the reforms of perestroika and glasnost. Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe, especially Poland, Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully overthrew all of the communist regimes of Central, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the dissolution of the USSR in December 1991. The United States remained as the only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy and it is often referred to in popular culture, especially in media featuring themes of espionage and the threat of nuclear warfare
Cold War
–
Photograph of the
Berlin Wall taken from the West side. The Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing and to stop an economically disastrous drain of workers. It was a symbol of the Cold War and its fall in 1989 marked the approaching end of the war.
Cold War
–
Allied troops in
Vladivostok, August 1918, during the
Allied intervention in the
Russian Civil War.
Cold War
–
The "
Big Three " at the Yalta Conference:
Winston Churchill,
Franklin D. Roosevelt and
Joseph Stalin, 1945.
38.
Oxfam
–
Oxfam is an international confederation of charitable organizations focused on the alleviation of global poverty. It was one of local committees formed in support of the National Famine Relief Committee. Their mission was to persuade the British government to allow food relief through the Allied blockade for the citizens of occupied Greece. The first overseas Oxfam was founded in Canada in 1963, the organization changed its name to its telegraph address, OXFAM, in 1965. By 1960, it was a major international aid organization. The name Oxfam comes from the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, founded in Britain in 1942, Oxfam International was formed in 1995 by a group of independent non-governmental organizations. Their aim was to work together for greater impact on the stage to reduce poverty. Stichting Oxfam International registered as a foundation at The Hague. Oxfams first paid employee was Joe Mitty, who working at the Oxfam shop on Broad Street. Engaged to manage the accounts and distribute donated clothing, he originated the policy of selling anything which people were willing to donate, Oxfams programmes address the structural causes of poverty and related injustice and work primarily through local accountable organizations, seeking to enhance their effectiveness. In November 2000, Oxfam adopted the approach as the framework for all the work of the Confederation. The right to a sustainable livelihood, and the right and capacity to participate in societies and make changes to peoples lives are basic human needs. Though Oxfams initial concern was the provision of food to relieve famine, Oxfam works on trade justice, fair trade, education, debt and aid, livelihoods, health, HIV/AIDS, gender equality, conflict and natural disasters, democracy and human rights, and climate change. Through programmes like Saving for Change, Oxfam is working to help communities become more self-sufficient financially, the Saving for Change initiative is a programme whereby communities are taught how to form collective, informal credit groups. Ultimately, the goal of the programme is to leave the community with an organization where people who otherwise would not qualify for formal bank loans can go for financial assistance. In doing so, borrowers can start businesses which benefit not only themselves, the Bosfam NGO was also founded in May 1995 by women participating in an Oxfam GB psycho-social radionice project to support internally displaced women during the Bosnian war. Oxfam has become a recognized leader in providing water sanitation to impoverished. In 2012, Oxfam became one of the groups that comprise the UKs Rapid Response Facility to ensure clean water in the wake of humanitarian disasters
Oxfam
–
"Make Trade Fair Campaign" parade organized by Oxfam during the
2005 WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Conference.
Oxfam
–
Oxfam clothing and shoe bank in the
United Kingdom.
Oxfam
–
Plaque commemorating first meeting of Oxfam in the Old Library, the University Church,
Oxford.
Oxfam
–
David Cameron at Oxfam headquarters in Oxford.
39.
Greenpeace
–
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 40 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It uses direct action, lobbying, research, and ecotage to achieve its goals, the global organization does not accept funding from governments, corporations, or political parties, relying on 2.9 million individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace is known for its actions and has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world. Greenpeace has raised environmental issues to public knowledge, and influenced both the private and the public sector, in the late 1960s, the U. S. had plans for an underground nuclear weapon test in the tectonically unstable island of Amchitka in Alaska. Because of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the plans raised concerns of the test triggering earthquakes. A1969 demonstration of 7,000 people blocked a major U. S. –Canada border crossing in British Columbia and its Your Fault If Our Fault Goes. The protests did not stop the U. S. from detonating the bomb, while no earthquake or tsunami followed the test, the opposition grew when the U. S. announced they would detonate a bomb five times more powerful than the first one. Among the opposers were Jim Bohlen, a veteran who had served in the U. S. Navy, and Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, as members of the Sierra Club Canada, they were frustrated by the lack of action by the organization. From Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen learned of a form of resistance, bearing witness. Jim Bohlens wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, the idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club. The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 The Dont Make a Wave Committee was established for the protest, early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert Hunter and his wife Bobbi Hunter. Subsequently, the Stowe home at 2775 Courtenay Street became the headquarters, as Rex Weyler put it in his chronology, Greenpeace, in 1969, Irving and Dorothy Stowes quiet home on Courtenay Street would soon become a hub of monumental, global significance. Some of the first Greenpeace meetings were held there, the first office was opened in a backroom, storefront on Cypress and West Broadway SE corner in Kitsilano, Vancouver. Within half a year Greenpeace would move in to share the office space with The Society Promoting Environmental Conservation at 4th. Irving Stowe arranged a concert that took place on October 16,1970 at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver. The concert created the basis for the first Greenpeace campaign. Amchitka, the 1970 concert that launched Greenpeace was published by Greenpeace in November 2009 on CD and is available as an mp3 download via the Amchitka concert website. Using the money raised with the concert, the Dont Make a Wave Committee chartered a ship, the ship was renamed Greenpeace for the protest after a term coined by activist Bill Darnell
Greenpeace
–
Greenpeace protest against
Esso /
ExxonMobil
Greenpeace
–
MV Esperanza, a former fire-fighter owned by the
Russian Navy, was relaunched by Greenpeace in 2002
Greenpeace
–
Greenpeace street fundraiser talking to a passer-by.
Greenpeace
–
An inflatable snow man conveying "Stop Global Warming!" at the
G8 (2007)
40.
WaterAid
–
WaterAid is an international non-profit organization that was set up in 1981 as a response to the UN International Drinking Water & Sanitation decade. The organization was first established by the UK water industry on 21 July 1981 as a charitable trust at their main premises in London. As of 2013, WaterAid had fundraising offices located in Australia, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, activities involve providing people with clean water, safe sanitation and hygiene education. By 1987 its income exceeded £1 million per annum, and its 2005-2006 accounts recorded an income of £26.9 million, in 2011-12, it raised £55. 8m in the UK, and spent £54m. It also works to influence government water and sanitation policies to serve the interests of people and to ensure water. As a matter of policy, WaterAid supports public ownership and control of water supplies, in 1991 HRH Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales, became the charitys first president and was taken to see WaterAid projects in Nepal. In 1993 WaterAid began work on their 1000th project, and also agreed to fund the Hitosa Gravity Scheme in Ethiopia, the Hitosa scheme was the largest single water supply scheme implemented in Ethiopia at the time, reaching 50,000 people. In 2003, WaterAid was named UK charity of the year at the Charity Times Awards, also, in November 2006 WaterAid was named Britains most Admired Charity 2006, as voted by its peers in the voluntary sector. WaterAid came top of the category followed by Save the Children, andrew Cook, then WaterAids Director of Communications and Fundraising said We are delighted to have won this prestigious accolade. This award is testament to the work of all WaterAids staff. WaterAid is also a Stockholm Water Prize laureate, in 2004, WaterAid opened new offices in the US, WaterAid America and Australia, WaterAid Australia, and in 2009 WaterAid Sweden was established. In the same year, a new Global Strategy was launched, in 2010, WaterAid international was officially formed, an integral part of becoming a global organisation and achieving WaterAids global strategy. By 2011, WaterAids 30th anniversary year, they had reached almost 16 million people with water and over 11 million with sanitation. WaterAid has been associated with the Glastonbury Festival since 1994, in 2006 the festivals founder Michael Eavis and his daughter Emily visited WaterAids work in Mozambique and by 2007130 WaterAid volunteers helped at the festival. In 2011, there were around 200 WaterAid volunteers present and its twice-yearly magazine is called Oasis and includes news and features on planned and completed projects. WaterAid is a member of the End Water Poverty campaign calling for water. Among WaterAids many fundraising events is Coast Along for WaterAid, a walk along sections of the South West Coast Path. In 2010 the then UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown took part, in 2012, WaterAid partnered with Waterlogic to help raise funds for the poorest communities in the world, to provide them with clean and sanitary water
WaterAid
–
WaterAid
41.
The Smiths
–
The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke, critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s. The NME named the Smiths the most influential artist ever in a 2002 poll, four of their albums appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. They have also released several compilations, and numerous non-LP singles, the Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty and all four of their studio albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts. They won a significant following and remain cult favourites, although they had limited success outside the UK while they were still together. The band broke up in 1987 and have turned down offers to reunite. The bands focus on a guitar, bass, and drum sound, Marrs guitar-playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound reminiscent of Roger McGuinn of the Byrds. Marrs guitar-playing influenced later Manchester bands, including the Stone Roses, Morrissey and Marrs songs combined themes about ordinary people with complex, literate lyrics delivered by Morrissey with a mordant sense of humour. In 2014 and 2015, they were nominated for induction into the Rock, on 31 August 1978, Morrissey was briefly introduced to the 14-year-old Johnny Marr by mutual acquaintances Billy Duffy and Howard Bates at a Patti Smith gig held at Manchesters Apollo Theatre. According to Morrissey, We got on absolutely famously and we were very similar in drive. Conversing, the two found that they were fans of many of the same bands, the next day, Morrissey phoned Marr to confirm that he would be interested in forming a band with him. A few days later, Morrissey and Marr held their first rehearsal in Marrs rented attic room in Bowdon, the next song that they worked on was titled The Hand that Rocks the Cradle, which again was based on lyrics produced by Morrissey. Marr included a tempo which was based on the Patti Smith song Kimberly, the third track that the duo worked on was Suffer Little Children. Around the time of the formation, Morrissey decided that he would be publicly known only by his surname. In 1983 he forbade those around him using the name of Steven. After remaining with the band for rehearsals, Pomfret departed un-amicably. He was replaced by the bass player Dale Hibbert, who worked at Manchesters Decibel Studios and it was through Hibbert that the Smiths were able to record their first demo at Decibel, doing so one night in August 1982. Aided by drummer Simon Wolstencroft, whom Marr had worked with in Freak Party, meanwhile, Morrissey took the demo recording to Factory Records, but Factorys Tony Wilson wasnt interested
The Smiths
–
The Smiths in 1985. Left to right: Andy Rourke, Morrissey, Johnny Marr, Mike Joyce
The Smiths
–
Morrissey in 2006
The Smiths
–
Johnny Marr
The Smiths
–
Rourke in 2011
42.
Weather Report
–
Weather Report was an American jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s. The band was initially co-led by the Austrian-born keyboard player Joe Zawinul, due to creative and financial disagreements Vitouš left the band after a few years. Zawinul took increasing control and steered the band towards a more funk, alongside Miles Daviss electric bands, the Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever, and Headhunters, Weather Report is considered to be one of the pre-eminent early jazz fusion bands. As a continuous working unit, Weather Report outlasted all of its contemporaries despite frequent changes of personnel, however, the band was nearly always a quintet of keyboards, sax, bass, drums, and percussion. Over a 16-year career, Weather Report explored various areas of music, centered on jazz, but also including elements of art music, ethnic music, R&B, funk. While their work was categorized as jazz fusion, the band members themselves generally rejected the term. This position remained consistent throughout the life of the band, from the mid-1970s, individual solos became more prominent, but were never allowed to overwhelm the musics collective approach. Initially, the music featured a free, extended improvisational method, but by the mid-1970s. Joe Zawinuls playing style was often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations combined with sparse, having originally made his name as a pioneering electric piano player, he went on to consistently develop the role of the synthesizer in jazz during his time with Weather Report. Working with companies such as ARP and Oberheim, Zawinul developed new ways of voicing and patching electronic tones for textures, ensemble roles and soloing. In Weather Report, he employed a vocoder, as well as recorded sounds played through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of jazz harmonics. On some Weather Report tunes, however, Zawinuls synthesized arrangements dominated the sound, Wayne Shorter came to the group with a reputation as a dominant role as an instrumentalist, drawn from both his solo work and his contributions to Miles Davis’ second great quintet during the 1960s. His choice not to follow the approach with Weather Report led to some criticism of the group. During his time with Weather Report, Shorter was noted for playing saxophone with an economical. Rather than continually taking the lead, he generally added subtle harmonic, melodic, as a composer, though, he chose a more abstract, sometimes atonal and free jazz style of music, opposed to the sometimes flamboyant tunes of Weather Report. Weather Report maintained a consistent interest in a sound and developments in music technology. Both Zawinul and original bassist Miroslav Vitouš experimented with effects pedals with Zawinul using them on electric piano and synthesizers. With the exception of a brief period between 1978 and 1979, Weather Reports instrumentation always included both a drummer alongside a percussionist
Weather Report
–
Weather Report live June 11, 1981
Weather Report
–
Weather Report in Argentina. L to R: Shorter, Erskine, Zawinul, and Pastorius
Weather Report
–
Pastorius, reaching to accentuate his bass guitar sound with harmonics
Weather Report
–
Jaco Pastorius, with bass guitar in Toronto, November 1977
43.
Elvis Costello
–
Declan Patrick MacManus, better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer. His critically acclaimed album, My Aim Is True, was released in 1977. Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band and his second album, This Years Model, was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by Rolling Stone on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987. His third album, Armed Forces, was released in 1979 and his first three albums all appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Costello and the Attractions toured and recorded together for the part of a decade. Much of Costellos work since has been as a solo artist, steeped in wordplay, the vocabulary of Costellos lyrics is broad. His music has drawn on many genres, one critic described him as a pop encyclopaedia. He has won awards in his career, including a Grammy Award. In 2003, Costello and the Attractions were inducted into the Rock, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Costello has co-written several original songs for motion pictures, including God Give Me Strength from Grace of My Heart, for the latter, Costello was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. Costello was born in 25 August 1954 at St Marys Hospital, London, the son of Lilian Alda and Ross MacManus, Costello lived in Twickenham, attending Archbishop Myers R. C. School, which is now St Marks Catholic Secondary School, in neighbouring Hounslow, with a musically inclined father, Costellos first broadcast recording was with his father in a television commercial for R. Whites Lemonade. His father wrote and sang the song, Costello provided backing vocals, the advertisement won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival. Costello moved with his Liverpool-born mother to Birkenhead, Cheshire, in 1971, there, he formed his first band, a folk duo called Rusty, with Allan Mayes. After completing secondary school at St. Francis Xaviers College he moved back to London where he formed a band called Flip City. They were active from 1974 through to early 1976, around this time, Costello adopted the stage name D. P. His father had performed under the name Day Costello, and Elvis has said in interviews that he took this name as a tribute to his father and he worked for a short period as a computer operator at the Midland Bank computer centre in Bootle. He continued to write songs and began looking for a recording contract
Elvis Costello
–
Costello at the 2012
Riot Fest,
Chicago
Elvis Costello
–
Costello performing at Glastonbury, 2005
Elvis Costello
–
Costello's hand prints on the European Walk of Fame,
Rotterdam
44.
New age travellers
–
New Age travellers are persons who often espouse New Age and hippie beliefs, and travel between music festivals and fairs, in order to live in a community with others who hold similar beliefs. Their transport and homes consist of vans, lorries, buses, cars and they also make use of improvised bender tents, tipis and yurts. New Age travelers largely originated in 1980s and early 1990s Britain, as of 2014, a small number continue to travel in that country, and cultural groupings with similar composition have also manifested themselves in other countries, such as New Zealand. However, there were longstanding precedents for travelling cultures in Great Britain, including travelling pilgrims, itinerant journeymen and traders, as well as Romani groups, later events included the Castlemorton Common Festival, a huge free and unlicensed event which attracted widespread media coverage and prompted government action. Some legal festivals, such as WOMAD, continue to place in a variety of countries. In the UK during the 1980s the Travelers mobile homes—generally old vans, trucks, one group of travellers came to be known as the Peace Convoy after visits to CND protest camps. In 1986 and subsequent years police again blocked travellers from taking the Stones on the Summer Solstice and this led Travelers to spend summers squatting by the hundreds on several sites adjacent to the A303 in Wiltshire. These unique vehicles began appearing around New Zealand during the mid-1970s, an early manifestation of this culture came with the Blerta traveling circus of music, light theatre and art. This involved a well-known New Zealand actor, Bruno Lawrence, and 30 or 40 hangers-on who traveled around the country in a clapped-out Bedford bus, sang, wrote, most of the riders were radicals, hippies, groovers and free thinkers. They attracted a following and had a hit single with Dance around the world which was nominated for the Loxene Golden Disc in 1971, after 1973 the Blerta project ran out of steam, and Lawrence turned his hand back to acting in such movies as Smash Palace in 1981. However, thousands of still live a traveller lifestyle in Britain. As of 2010 they are known simply as Travellers. Typical traveller sites might have anywhere from 5 to 30 vehicles on them, including trailers and caravans as well as buses, vans, although most Travellers in Britain are British, large numbers of Continental Europeans also travel in the UK. Many traveller families home-school their children, although travellers have only taken to the road since the 1960s, as of 2010 many traveller families have reached their third or fourth generation. Despite widespread popular assumptions about living on state handouts, many do seasonal or temporary work, on farms and building sites or in factories. Others work as self-employed mechanics, electricians and plumbers, or make money selling scrap, or running stalls at markets, festivals during the summer also present many opportunities for travelers to make money through offering entertainment, services and goods to festival goers. A high level of aid, the sharing of childcare and vehicle maintenance. The Traveler and Free Party scenes often have close links, and many travellers run or are involved with the systems of raves
New age travellers
–
Housetrucks at the
Nambassa 5-day festival, 1981
45.
Glastonbury Festival line-ups
–
Glastonbury Festival is a greenfield music and performing arts festival on farm land near Pilton, England. It was first held in 1970 and has held in the majority of years since then in the summer. Its line-up is diverse, including music, comedy, circus and theatre, taking place on different stages. The 2017 festival will take place on 21–25 June, the first confirmed headline band is Radiohead. On February 23, Foo Fighters confirmed that they would headline the festival at a concert in Frome. On March 16th Ed Sheeran confirmed via Instagram, from the first date of his tour, the 2016 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts took place between 22 and 26 June 2016. The line-up was as follows, The 2015 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts took place between 24 and 28 June, the following acts were announced to perform. The festival took place from the 27 to 29 June, the festival took place on 24–28 June. The festival took place on 24 to 26 June, the festival took place on 25–27 June. The festival took place on 26–28 June, the festival took place on 27–29 June. Line-up included, Line-up included, Hawkwind Line-up included, Line-up included
Glastonbury Festival line-ups
–
The Pyramid Stage
46.
Wind turbine
–
A wind turbine is a device that converts the winds kinetic energy into electrical power. Wind turbines are manufactured in a range of vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Wind turbines were used in Persia about 500–900 A. D, the windwheel of Hero of Alexandria marks one of the first known instances of wind powering a machine in history. However, the first known practical wind turbines were built in Sistan and these Panemone were vertical axle wind turbines, which had long vertical drive shafts with rectangular blades. Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these turbines were used to grind grain or draw up water. Wind turbines first appeared in Europe during the Middle Ages, the first historical records of their use in England date to the 11th or 12th centuries and there are reports of German crusaders taking their windmill-making skills to Syria around 1190. By the 14th century, Dutch wind turbines were in use to areas of the Rhine delta. Advanced wind mills were described by Croatian inventor Fausto Veranzio, in his book Machinae Novae he described vertical axis wind turbines with curved or V-shaped blades. The first electricity-generating wind turbine was a battery charging machine installed in July 1887 by Scottish academic James Blyth to light his home in Marykirk. Some months later American inventor Charles F, although Blyths turbine was considered uneconomical in the United Kingdom electricity generation by wind turbines was more cost effective in countries with widely scattered populations. In Denmark by 1900, there were about 2500 windmills for mechanical loads such as pumps and mills, the largest machines were on 24-meter towers with four-bladed 23-meter diameter rotors. By 1908 there were 72 wind-driven electric generators operating in the United States from 5 kW to 25 kW, around the time of World War I, American windmill makers were producing 100,000 farm windmills each year, mostly for water-pumping. By the 1930s, wind generators for electricity were common on farms, in this period, high-tensile steel was cheap, and the generators were placed atop prefabricated open steel lattice towers. A forerunner of modern wind generators was in service at Yalta. This was a 100 kW generator on a 30-meter tower, connected to the local 6.3 kV distribution system and it was reported to have an annual capacity factor of 32 percent, not much different from current wind machines. In the autumn of 1941, the first megawatt-class wind turbine was synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont, the Smith-Putnam wind turbine only ran for 1,100 hours before suffering a critical failure
Wind turbine
–
Offshore wind farm, using 5 MW turbines
REpower 5M in the
North Sea off the coast of
Belgium.
Wind turbine
–
James Blyth's electricity-generating wind turbine, photographed in 1891
Wind turbine
–
The first automatically operated wind turbine, built in Cleveland in 1887 by Charles F. Brush. It was 60 feet (18 m) tall, weighed 4 tons (3.6 metric tonnes) and powered a 12 kW generator.
Wind turbine
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Nordex N117/2400 in
Germany, a modern low-wind turbine.
47.
Channel 4
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Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services, BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, after some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. Indeed, television sets throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called ITV/IBA2. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the commercial channel became a reality. The campaign was taken so seriously by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, the result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, since then, carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. The first programme to air on the channel was the game show Countdown. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second, the first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Carol Vorderman and was a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words, On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashleys ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of period, however. Channel 4 for many years had a poorer quality signal compared to other channels, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 also faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Drivers Wife. After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993, instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time and it gave such shows as Friends and ER their UK premières. In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as Big Brother and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like cricket and this new direction increased ratings and revenues. In addition, the corporation launched a number of new channels through its new 4Ventures offshoot, including Film4, At the Races, E4
Channel 4
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Channel 4
48.
Orbital (band)
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Orbital are an English electronic dance music duo from Sevenoaks, Kent, consisting of brothers Phil and Paul Hartnoll. The bands name was taken from Greater Londons orbital motorway, the M25, in addition, the cover art on three of their albums features stylised atomic orbitals. Orbital were both critically and commercially successful, and known particularly for their element of improvisation during shows. They were initially influenced by electro and punk rock. In 1989 Orbital recorded Chime on their fathers cassette deck, which released on Oh Zone Records in December 1989. The track became an anthem, reaching number 17 in the UK charts and earning them an appearance on Top of the Pops. According to Paul Hartnoll, the track was recorded under the stairs of their parents house in a knocked-through stair cupboard that my dad set up as a home office, the track received its first live airing at a disco in a local Sevenoaks venue called the Grasshopper. Next was a gig at the Town and Country 2 in Islington, a few singles and EPs followed, and their first self-titled album, a collection of tracks recorded at various times, was released in late 1991. In late 1992, the Radiccio EP barely reached the UK top 40 and this song featured a sample of Kirsty Hawkshaw from Its a Fine Day, and B-side The Naked and the Dead was similarly based on a line from Scott Walkers rendition of Jacques Brels song Next. Halcyon was dedicated to the Hartnolls mother, who was addicted to the tranquiliser Halcion for many years. The duos popularity grew rapidly with the release of their second self-titled album, in 1993. where time becomes a loop being played simultaneously through the left and right channels and this same sample was used at the beginning of the Moebius, the opening track in the previous album. This audio pun was intended to make believe that they had bought a mis-pressed album. The album reached #28 on the UK album charts, staying in the chart for 15 weeks, Halcyon was remixed for the album, as Halcyon + On + On. The first two albums are known as The Green Album and The Brown Album, after the colours of their covers. Orbital won an NME award for Vibes Best Dance Act early in 1994, Q magazine classed it as one of the top 50 gigs of all time, and in 2002 included Orbital in their list of 50 Bands to See Before You Die. Crucially,1994 was the first year to feature intensive TV broadcasting from Glastonbury meaning that Orbitals set reached a huge audience, speaking to The Guardian in 2013 about the gig, Paul Hartnoll commented, I didnt know how much of an impact it would have. Being young myself, I just thought, Its about time – of course we should have acid house at Glastonbury, I just used to think it should be happening. In the same article Michael Eavis noted that the Orbital gig marked dance musics appearance on the mainstream agenda, what was previously underground made it on to one of the big stages, and there was no going back from there
Orbital (band)
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Orbital in concert at the
Brixton Academy in 2009
Orbital (band)
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In Sides, one of Orbital's most well-received albums.
49.
Chemical Brothers
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The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989. Along with The Prodigy, Fatboy Slim, The Crystal Method, in the UK, they have had six number one albums and 13 top 20 singles, including two number ones. Ed Simons was born in Herne Hill, South London on 9 June 1970 to a barrister mother, Simons two main interests when he was young were aeroplanes and musicals. Simons attended two South London public schools, Alleyns School and Dulwich College, during his school years, he developed a fondness for rare groove and hip hop music, having frequented a club called The Mud Club from the age of 14. By the time he left school, his two main interests were two Manchester bands, New Order and The Smiths. After finishing school with 11 O levels and three A levels, he continued on to history, especially late medieval history, at the University of Manchester. Tom Rowlands, a classmate of Simons, was born on 11 January 1971 in Kingston upon Thames. When Rowlands was very young, his family relocated to Henley-on-Thames and he later attended Reading Blue Coat School in Berkshire. In his early teens, his interest in music broadened to other genres and he described the first Public Enemy album as the record that probably changed his life, and commented that Miuzi Weighs a Ton was one of the most amazing tracks he had ever heard. Rowlands also started collecting hip hop records by artists like Eric B and Schoolly D. Rowlands left school with similar accomplishments to Simons, achieving nine O levels and three A levels. For university, he followed Simons to Manchester primarily to immerse himself in its music scene in general, Rowlands was also in a band called Ariel prior to meeting up with Simons. Ariel was formed in London by Rowlands and his friends Brendan Melck and their first single was Sea of Beats, which was essentially a white label. Before Philip Brown set up Echo Logik Records, their first promo was Bokadilo, other songs, released on 12, included Mustnt Grumble and their most well-known, Rollercoaster. After a year on Echo Logik they signed to the record label deConstruction and they insisted that they get a female singer and they recruited former Xpansions frontwoman Sally Ann Marsh, and after some disappointing songs like Let It Slide the band fell apart. One of the last things Ariel did was the song T Baby which was remixed by the pair, in regards to the remix, Ed stated that Ariel symbolically ended when Deconstruction asked us for a Dust Brothers remix of an Ariel track. That was the nail in the coffin. Tom would later say in a TV interview from 1995, One of the blokes went a bit mad, but now hes back at college, and the other one drives our van. Rowlands and Simons then started to DJ at a club called Naked Under Leather in the back of a pub in 1992, the pair would play hip hop, techno, and house
Chemical Brothers
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The Chemical Brothers performing live in Milan in March 2005.
50.
Massive Attack
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Massive Attack are an English trip hop group formed in 1988 in Bristol, consisting of Robert 3D Del Naja, Grant Daddy G Marshall and formerly Andy Mushroom Vowles & Adrian Tricky Kid Thaws. Their debut album Blue Lines was released in 1991, with the single Unfinished Sympathy reaching the charts, 1998s Mezzanine, containing Teardrop, and 2003s 100th Window charted in the UK at number one. Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, the group has won numerous music awards throughout their career, including a Brit Award—winning Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Q Awards. They have released five albums that have sold over 11 million copies worldwide. DJs Daddy G and Andrew Vowles and graffiti artist-turned-rapper Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective The Wild Bunch, One of the first homegrown soundsystems in the UK, The Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was subsumed into, Virgin Records. Blue Lines, was co-produced by Jonny Dollar and Cameron McVey, Geoff Barrow, who went on to form Portishead, was an intern and trainee tape operator at Bristols Coach House studio when the album was recorded. In the nineties, the became known for often not being able to easily get along with one another. Marshall returned to a role in 2005, having joined the touring line-up in 2003 and 2004. Unsigned, Mushroom, Daddy G and 3D put out Any Love as a single, 3D co-wrote Neneh Cherrys Manchild, which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart. Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP Blue Lines, partly in their house, the album used vocalists including Horace Andy and Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort. MCs Tricky and Willie Wee, also part of The Wild Bunch, featured. Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, Hymn of the Big Wheel, the group temporarily shortened their name to Massive on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War. They went back to being Massive Attack for their next single, after Shara Nelson left, the band brought in Everything but the Girls Tracey Thorn as a vocalist and released Protection on 26 September 1994. With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Hooper to co-produce some songs on it. Other tracks were co-produced by The Insects and 3D, a dub version, No Protection, was released the following year by Mad Professor. Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act, the other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries, Craig Armstrong, a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Trickys solo career was taking off at time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this
Massive Attack
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Robert Del Naja and
Daddy G at
Eurockéennes, 2008
Massive Attack
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Grant Marshall of Massive Attack at the
Eurockéennes Festival 2008
Massive Attack
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Robert Del Naja at Barcelona 2007
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