1.
Bunnock
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Bunnock, also known as the Game of Bones, is a game that is thought to have been created by Russian soldiers to pass the time while stationed in northern Siberia during the early nineteenth century. The game involves what the soldiers had a surplus of, namely and it has been compared to a cross between bowling and curling, in which the two teams stand on opposite ends of the field and take turns trying to knock down each others row of bones. This is done by throwing more bones at the standing bones, Bunnock was brought to Canada sometime in the early 20th century by Russian and German immigrants, many of whom settled in Saskatchewan. The bone is hard to miss when driving past Macklin on Highway 14, Finnish skittles, also known as kyykkä, a Finnish game originating from the same game as Russian gorodki Molkky Washers Official Bunnock Website The Online Home of Bunnock - A Game For All Ages. Town of Macklin Bunnock Page Shows the famous sculpture and provides information on the sport. Official Rules of Bunnock As played in the Macklin World Championship Bunnock Tournament, tossing Games A great Bunnock resource forum
2.
Rathaus-Glockenspiel
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The Rathaus-Glockenspiel of Munich is a tourist attraction in Marienplatz, the heart of Munich. Part of the construction phase of the New Town Hall. Every day at 11 a. m. it chimes and re-enacts two stories from the 16th century to the amusement of mass crowds of tourists and locals and it consists of 43 bells and 32 life-sized figures. The top half of the Glockenspiel tells the story of the marriage of the local Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine, in honour of the happy couple there is a joust with life-sized knights on horseback representing Bavaria and Lothringen. The Bavarian knight wins every time, of course and this is then followed by the bottom half and second story, Schäfflertanz. According to myth,1517 was a year of plague in Munich, the coopers are said to have danced through the streets to bring fresh vitality to fearful dispositions. The coopers remained loyal to the duke, and their dance came to symbolize perseverance, by tradition, the dance is performed in Munich every seven years. This was described in 1700 as a custom, but the current dance was defined only in 1871. The dance can be seen during Fasching, the one is in 2019. The whole show lasts somewhere between 12 and 15 minutes long depending on which tune it plays that day, at the very end of the show, a very small golden rooster at the top of the Glockenspiel chirps quietly three times, marking the end of the spectacle. Marienplatz Munich Germany Muenchener Stadtmuseum Guidebook Rathaus-Glockenspiel, munichs Glockenspiel hits wrong note at The Local An illustrated story about the Glockenspiel Waiting on the Glockenspiel
3.
Percussion instrument
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
4.
Musical instrument classification
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Throughout history, various methods of musical instrument classification have been used. The most commonly used system divides instruments into string instruments, woodwind instruments, brass instruments and percussion instruments, the oldest known scheme of classifying instruments is Chinese and dates from the 3rd millennium BC. It grouped instruments according to the materials they are made of. However, the Chou-Li, an anonymous treatise compiled from sources in about the 2nd century BC, had the following order, metal, stone, clay, leather, silk, wood, gourd. The same order was presented in the Tso Chuan, attributed to Tso Chiu-Ming, more usually, instruments are classified according to how the sound is initially produced. The modern system divides instruments into wind, strings and percussion, the scheme was later expanded by Martin Agricola, who distinguished plucked string instruments, such as guitars, from bowed string instruments, such as violins. Classical musicians today do not always maintain this division, but distinguish between wind instruments with a reed and those where the air is set in motion directly by the lips, many instruments do not fit very neatly into this scheme. The serpent, for example, ought to be classified as a brass instrument, however, it looks more like a woodwind instrument, and is closer to one in many ways, having finger-holes to control pitch, rather than valves. Keyboard instruments do not fit easily into this scheme, for example, the piano has strings, but they are struck by hammers, so it is not clear whether it should be classified as a string instrument or a percussion instrument. Ottoman encyclopedist Hadji Khalifa also recognized the three classes in his Kashf al-Zunun an Asami al-Kutub wa al-Funun, a treatise on the origin. The division pervades Tboli thought about cosmology, social characters of men and women, victor-Charles Mahillon later adopted a system very similar to this. This scheme was taken up by Erich von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs who published an extensive new scheme for classication in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie in 1914. Their scheme is used today, and is most often known as the Hornbostel-Sachs system. Electrophones, such as the guitar or electric bass, which produce sound through electricity and is required to be plugged in to an amplifier. Later Sachs added a category, electrophones, such as theremins. Modern synthesizers and electronic instruments fall in this category, within each category are many subgroups. The system has been criticised and revised over the years, in 1932, comparative musicologist André Schaeffner developed a new classification scheme that was exhaustive, potentially covering all real and conceivable instruments. The Kpelle of West Africa also use this system and they distinguish the struck, including both beaten and plucked, and the blown
5.
Range (music)
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In music, the range of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play. For a singing voice, the equivalent is vocal range, the range of a musical part is the distance between its lowest and highest note. The terms sounding range, written range, designated range, duration range, a piccolo, for example, typically has a sounding range one octave higher than its written range. The designated range is the set of notes the player should or can achieve while playing, all instruments have a designated range, and all pitched instruments have a playing range. Timbre, dynamics, and duration ranges are interrelated and one may achieve registral range at the expense of timbre, the designated range is thus the range in which a player is expected to have comfortable control of all aspects. The duration range is the difference between the shortest and longest rhythm used, dynamic range is the difference between the quietest and loudest volume of an instrument, part or piece of music. Although woodwind instruments and string instruments have no upper limit to their range. Brass instruments, on the hand, can play beyond their designated ranges. Notes lower than the brass instruments designated range are called pedal tones, the playing range of a brass instrument depends on both the technical limitations of the instrument and the skill of the player. Classical arrangements seldom make woodwind or brass instruments play beyond their designed range, string musicians play the bottom of their ranges very frequently, but the top of a string instruments range is rather fuzzy, and it is unusual for a string player to exceed the designated range. It is quite rare for wind musicians to play the extremes of their instruments, the most common exception is that in many 20th century works, pedal tones are called for in bass trombones. This chart uses standard numberings for octaves where middle C corresponds to C4, in the MIDI language middle C is referred to as MIDI note number 60. The lowest note that an organ can sound is C−1. However, if acoustic combination counts, the lowest note is C−2, *This chart only displays down to C0, though some pipe organs, such as the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ, extend down to C−1. Also, the frequency of the subcontrabass tuba is B♭−1
6.
Musical instrument
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A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can be a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument, the history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture. Early musical instruments may have used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt. Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment, Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications. The date and origin of the first device considered an instrument is disputed. The oldest object that some refer to as a musical instrument. Some consensus dates early flutes to about 37,000 years ago, many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, bone, wood, and other non-durable materials. Musical instruments developed independently in many populated regions of the world, however, contact among civilizations caused rapid spread and adaptation of most instruments in places far from their origin. By the Middle Ages, instruments from Mesopotamia were in maritime Southeast Asia, development in the Americas occurred at a slower pace, but cultures of North, Central, and South America shared musical instruments. By 1400, musical instrument development slowed in areas and was dominated by the Occident. Musical instrument classification is a discipline in its own right, Instruments can be classified by their effective range, their material composition, their size, etc. However, the most common method, Hornbostel-Sachs, uses the means by which they produce sound. The academic study of instruments is called organology. Once humans moved from making sounds with their bodies—for example, by using objects to create music from sounds. Primitive instruments were designed to emulate natural sounds, and their purpose was ritual rather than entertainment. The concept of melody and the pursuit of musical composition were unknown to early players of musical instruments. A player sounding a flute to signal the start of a hunt does so without thought of the notion of making music. Musical instruments are constructed in an array of styles and shapes
7.
Xylophone
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The xylophone is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets. The term xylophone may be used generally, to all such instruments such as the marimba, balafon. The term is popularly used to refer to similar instruments of the lithophone and metallophone types. The bars of metal sound more high pitched than the wooden ones, the modern western xylophone has bars of rosewood, padauk, or various synthetic materials such as fiberglass or fiberglass-reinforced plastic which allows a louder sound. Some can be as small a range as 2½ octaves but concert xylophones are typically 3½ or 4 octaves, the xylophone is a transposing instrument, its parts are written one octave below the sounding notes. Xylophones should be played with hard rubber, polyball, or acrylic mallets. Sometimes medium to hard rubber mallets, very hard core, or yarn mallets are used for softer effects, lighter tones can be created on xylophones by using wooden-headed mallets made from rosewood, ebony, birch, or other hard woods. Concert xylophones have tube resonators below the bars to enhance the tone, frames are made of wood or cheap steel tubing, more expensive xylophones feature height adjustment and more stability in the stand. In other music cultures some versions have gourds that act as Helmholtz resonators, others are trough xylophones with a single hollow body that acts as a resonator for all the bars. Old methods consisted of arranging the bars on tied bundles of straw, ancient mallets were made of willow wood with spoon-like bowls on the beaten ends. The instrument has obscure, ancient origins, according to Nettl, it originated in southeast Asia and came to Africa c. AD500 when a group of Malayo-Polynesian speaking peoples migrated to Africa, one piece of evidence for this is the similarity between East African xylophone orchestras and Javanese and Balinese gamelan orchestras. This, however has been questioned by ethnomusicologist and linguist Roger Blench who posits an independent origin in Africa, the xylophone-like ranat was used in Hindu regions. Java and Bali use xylophones in gamelan ensembles and they still have traditional significance in Africa, Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, and regions of the Americas. The term marimba is also applied to traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa balafon. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd, the wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification, the mallets used to play dibinda and mbila have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm, the Mbila is associated with the Chopi people of the Inhambane Province, in southern Mozambique
8.
Marimba
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The marimba is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with mallets to produce musical tones. Resonators suspended underneath the bars amplify their sound and this instrument is a type of idiophone, but with a more resonant and lower-pitched tessitura than the xylophone. The marimba was developed in Central America by African slaves, and descended from its ancestral balafon instrument, Marimba is now the national instrument of Guatemala and Costa Rica. Modern uses of the marimba include solo performances, woodwind and brass ensembles, marimba concertos, jazz ensembles, marching band, drum and bugle corps, contemporary composers have used the unique sound of the marimba more and more in recent years. A player of the marimba can be called a marimbist or a marimba player, xylophones are widely used in music of west and central Africa. The name marimba stems from Bantu marimba or malimba, xylophone, the instrument itself is present, but is called balafon or heri in Mali and/or Guinea, while its known as gyil among the Akan peoples in and around Ghana. The word marimba and derivative words is used widely in East, other sources credit the creation of the marimba and the kalimba to Queen Marimba of the Wakambi people, who live south of Lake Victoria. In the Swahili language imba means song, Marimba, is said to be the mother of song and the creator of all the instruments, including the marimba. Mama means mother in Kiswahili, so it makes sense that the word mother would be combined with the word for song. The karimba is also said to have created by Queen Marimba. In much of East & Central Africa the karimba is seen as a version of the marimba. Diatonic xylophones were introduced to Central America in the 16th or 17th century, the first historical record of Mayan musicians using gourd resonator marimbas in Guatemala was made in 1680, by the historian Domingo Juarros. It became more widespread during the 18th and 19th centuries, as Mayan, in 1821, the marimba was proclaimed the national instrument of Guatemala in its independence proclamation. The gourd resonators were later replaced by harmonic wooden boxes, variants with slats made of steel, glass or bamboo instead of wood appeared during the 19th century. In 1892, Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno, a musician from Chiapas, expanded marimba to include the chromatic scale by adding another row of sound bars, the name marimba was later applied to the orchestra instrument inspired by the Latin American model. In the United States, companies like Deagan and Leedy company adapted the Latino American instruments for use in western music, metal tubes were used as resonators, fine-tuned by rotating metal discs at the bottom, lowest note tubes were U-shaped. The marimbas were first used for music and dance, such as Vaudeville theater. Clair Omar Musser was a proponent of marimba in the United States at the time
9.
Vibraphone
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The vibraphone is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family. The vibraphone resembles the xylophone, marimba, and glockenspiel, each bar is paired with a resonator tube that has a motor-driven butterfly valve at its upper end. The valves are mounted on a shaft, which produces a tremolo or vibrato effect while spinning. The vibraphone also has a sustain pedal similar to that on a piano, with the pedal up, the bars are all damped and produce a shortened sound. With the pedal down, they sound for several seconds, the vibraphone is commonly used in jazz music, in which it often plays a featured role and was a defining element of the sound of mid-20th-century Tiki lounge exotica, as popularized by Arthur Lyman. It is the second most popular solo keyboard percussion instrument in music, after the marimba. It is an instrument in the modern percussion section for orchestras. The first musical instrument called vibraphone was marketed by the Leedy Manufacturing Company in the United States in 1921, however, this instrument differed in significant details from the instrument now called the vibraphone. The Leedy vibraphone achieved a degree of popularity after it was used in the novelty recordings of Aloha Oe and this popularity led J. C. Deagan, Inc. in 1927 to ask its Chief Tuner, Henry Schluter, to develop a similar instrument. Schluters design was more popular than the Leedy design, and has become the template for all instruments now called vibraphone, however, when Deagan began marketing Schluters instrument in 1928, they called it the vibraharp. The name derived from similar aluminum bars that were mounted vertically, since Deagan trademarked the name, others were obliged to use the earlier vibraphone for their instruments incorporating the newer design. The name confusion continues, even to the present, but over time vibraphone became significantly more popular than vibraharp, by 1974, the Directory of the D. C. Federation of Musicians listed 39 vibraphone players and 3 vibraharp players, the initial purpose of the vibraphone was to add to the large arsenal of percussion sounds used by vaudeville orchestras for novelty effects. This use was quickly overwhelmed in the 1930s by its development as a jazz instrument, the use of the vibraphone in jazz was pioneered by Paul Barbarin, the drummer with Luis Russells band. Bergerault, of Ligueil, France also began manufacturing vibraphones in the 1930s, Deagan struck endorsement deals with many of the leading players, including Lionel Hampton and Milt Jackson. The Deagan company went out of business in the 1980s, its trademark, Yamaha continues to make percussion instruments based on Deagan designs. In 1948, the Musser Mallet Company was founded by Clair Omar Musser, the Musser company continues to manufacture vibraphones as part of the Ludwig Drum Company. The standard modern instrument has a range of three octaves, from the F below middle C, larger three-and-a-half or four octave models from the C below middle C are also becoming more common
10.
Percussion
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A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater, struck, scraped or rubbed by hand, or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, the percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, percussive techniques can also be applied to the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as the backbone or the heartbeat of an ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments. In jazz and other popular ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, however, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed, in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music, in almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word swing is spoken. Because of the diversity of instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles, music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef. The word percussion has evolved from Latin terms, percussio, as a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for percussion, Most percussion instruments are classified as idiophones and membranophones.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers, played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone. 21 Struck drums, includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, (Included in most drum sets or 412. Stringed instruments played with such as the hammered dulcimer
11.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
12.
Metallophone
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A metallophone is any musical instrument consisting of tuned metal bars which are struck to make sound, usually with a mallet. Metallophones have been used in music in Asia for thousands of years, there are several different types used in Balinese and Javanese gamelan ensembles, including the gendér, gangsa and saron. These instruments have a row of bars, tuned to the distinctive pelog or slendro scales. The Western glockenspiel and vibraphone are also metallophones, they have two rows of bars, in an imitation of the keyboard, and are tuned to the chromatic scale. In music of the 20th century and beyond, the word metallophone is sometimes applied specifically to a row of metal bars suspended over a resonator box. Metallophones tuned to the scale are often used in schools, Carl Orff used diatonic metallophones in several of his pieces. Metallophones with microtonal tunings are used in Iannis Xenakis Pléïades and in the music of Harry Partch, metallophones are a subset of Hornbostel-Sachs category 111.22 Percussion plaques. Celesta Fangxiang Gangsa Gendér Glockenspiel Jegogan Jublag Kulintang a Tiniok/Sarunay Ranat ek lek Ranat thum lek Roneat dek Roneat thong Saron Slentem Step bell Steel marimbaphone Ugal Vibraphone
13.
Pitch (music)
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Pitch can be determined only in sounds that have a frequency that is clear and stable enough to distinguish from noise. Pitch is a major attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness. Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property, Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent, frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured. Pitch is each persons subjective perception of a wave, which cannot be directly measured. However, this not necessarily mean that most people wont agree on which notes are higher and lower. Sound waves themselves do not have pitch, but their oscillations can be measured to obtain a frequency and it takes a sentient mind to map the internal quality of pitch. However, pitches are usually associated with, and thus quantified as frequencies in cycles per second, or hertz, by comparing sounds with pure tones, Complex and aperiodic sound waves can often be assigned a pitch by this method. According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. That is, high pitch means very rapid oscillation, and low pitch corresponds to slower oscillation, despite that, the idiom relating vertical height to sound pitch is shared by most languages. At least in English, it is just one of many deep conceptual metaphors that involve up/down, the exact etymological history of the musical sense of high and low pitch is still unclear. There is evidence that humans do actually perceive that the source of a sound is slightly higher or lower in vertical space when the frequency is increased or reduced. The pitch of tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. In a situation like this, the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, Pitch depends to a lesser degree on the sound pressure level of the tone, especially at frequencies below 1,000 Hz and above 2,000 Hz. The pitch of lower tones gets lower as sound pressure increases, for instance, a tone of 200 Hz that is very loud seems one semitone lower in pitch than if it is just barely audible. Above 2,000 Hz, the pitch gets higher as the sound gets louder, theories of pitch perception try to explain how the physical sound and specific physiology of the auditory system work together to yield the experience of pitch. In general, pitch perception theories can be divided into place coding, place theory holds that the perception of pitch is determined by the place of maximum excitation on the basilar membrane. However, a purely place-based theory cannot account for the accuracy of pitch perception in the low, temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus
14.
Carillon
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A carillon is a musical instrument that is typically housed in the bell tower of a church or municipal building. The instrument consists of at least 23 cast bronze, cup-shaped bells, a traditional manual carillon is played by striking a keyboard – the stick-like keys of which are called batons – with the fists, and by pressing the keys of a pedal keyboard with the feet. Although unusual, real carillons have occasionally been fitted to theatre organs, such as the Christie organ installed at the Regal Cinema, Marble Arch, a carillon-like instrument with fewer than 23 bells is called a chime. The carillon is the second heaviest of all extant musical instruments, the heaviest carillon in the world weighs over 100 tons, whereas the Wanamaker organ in Philadelphia weighs 287 tons. The word carillon is from the French quadrillon, meaning four bells, in German, a carillon is also called a Glockenspiel, while the percussion instrument called a glockenspiel by English speakers is often called a carillon in French. In medieval times, swinging bells were first used as a way of notifying people of imminent church services, however, the use of bells to play melodic musical compositions originated in the 16th century in the Low Countries. The first carillon was in Flanders, where a fool performed music on the bells of Oudenaarde Town Hall in 1510 by using a baton keyboard, major figures in the evolution of the modern carillon were Pieter and François Hemony working in the 17th century. They are credited as being the greatest carillon bell founders in the history of the Low Countries, since each separate note is produced by an individual bell, a carillons musical range is determined by the number of bells it has. Different names are assigned to instruments based on the number of bells they comprise, players of these instruments often use music arranged specifically for their limited range of notes. A concert carillon has a range of at least four octaves and this is sometimes referred to as the standard-sized carillon. The Riverside Carillon in New York City has the largest tuned bell in the world. Travelling or mobile carillons are not placed in a tower, some of them can even be played indoors—in a concert hall or church—like the mobile carillon of Frank Steijns. The World Carillon Federation defines a carillon as A musical instrument composed of tuned bronze bells which are played from a baton keyboard, only those carillons having at least 23 bells may be taken into consideration. The carillonneur or carillonist is the title of the musician who plays the carillon, the carillonneur/carillonist usually sits in a cabin beneath the bells and presses down, with a loosely closed fist, on a series of baton-like keys arranged in the same pattern as a piano keyboard. The batons are almost never played with the fingers as one does a piano, though this is sometimes used as a special carillon playing technique. The keys activate levers and wires that directly to the bells clappers, thus, as with a piano. In addition to the keys, the heavier bells are also played with a pedal keyboard. These notes can either be played with the hands or the feet, poorly tuned bells often give an out of tune impression and also can be out of tune with themselves
15.
Mardi Gras
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Mardi Gras is French for Fat Tuesday, reflecting the practice of the last night of eating richer, fatty foods before the ritual fasting of the Lenten season. Related popular practices are associated with Shrovetide celebrations before the fasting, in countries such as England, Mardi Gras is also known as Shrove Tuesday, which is derived from the word shrive, meaning confess. In many areas, the term Mardi Gras has come to mean the period of activity related to the celebratory events. In some American cities, it is now called Mardi Gras Day, the festival season varies from city to city, as some traditions, such as the one in New Orleans, Louisiana, consider Mardi Gras to stretch the entire period from Twelfth Night to Ash Wednesday. Others treat the final period before Ash Wednesday as the Mardi Gras. In earlier times, parades were held on New Years Day, Carnival is an important celebration in Anglican and Catholic European nations. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the week before Ash Wednesday is called Shrovetide and it has its popular celebratory aspects, as well. Pancakes and related fried breads or pastries made with sugar, fat, and eggs are traditionally consumed at this time in many parts of Latin America. The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is an annual LGBT pride parade and festival in Sydney, Australia, attended by hundreds of thousands of people from around Australia and overseas. In the Belgian city of Binche, the Mardi Gras festival is one of the most important days of the year, around 1000 Gilles dance throughout the city from morning until past dusk, whilst traditional carnival songs play. In 2003, the Carnival of Binche was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral, Carnival is the most famous Brazilian holiday. During this time, Brazil attracts 70% of its tourists, variations in carnival celebrations are observed throughout the multitude of Brazilian cities. Yet, a commonality observed among them is the incorporation of samba into the celebrations, the southeastern cities of Brazil have massive parades that take place in large sambadromes. The Rio Carnival is where two million people celebrate in the city, the city of Salvador holds a very large carnival celebration where millions of people celebrate the party in the streets of the city with a very big diversity of musical styles together. Cayman Mardi Gras has now been recognised as one of the national festivals. Celebrating the traditional Fat Tuesday, they also host a festive Monday Food Festival as well as an all day EDM Ash Wednesday, the event attracts thousands of attendees during the 3 day festival and includes a line up of international celebrities and performers. The Cayman Mardi Gras Festival is slowly becoming a major tourist attraction to the island nation, Carnaval de Barranquilla is Colombias Mardi Gras celebration. In 2003, it was proclaimed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral, in the Czech Republic it is a folk tradition to celebrate Mardi Gras, which is called Masopust
16.
Lyre
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The lyre is a string instrument known for its use in Greek classical antiquity and later periods. The lyre is similar in appearance to a small harp but with distinct differences, the word comes via Latin from the Greek, the earliest reference to the word is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning lyrists and written in the Linear B script. The lyres of Ur, excavated in ancient Mesopotamia, date to 2500 BC, the earliest picture of a lyre with seven strings appears in the famous sarcophagus of Hagia Triada. The sarcophagus was used during the Mycenaean occupation of Crete, the recitations of the Ancient Greeks were accompanied by lyre playing. The lyre of classical antiquity was ordinarily played by being strummed with a plectrum, the fingers of the free hand silenced the unwanted strings in the chord. However, later lyres were played with a bow in Europe, one example from Wales that has been resurrected recently is the crwth. In organology, lyres are defined as yoke lutes, being lutes in which the strings are attached to a yoke which lies in the plane as the sound-table. A classical lyre has a body or sound-chest, which. Extending from this sound-chest are two raised arms, which are hollow, and are curved both outward and forward. They are connected near the top by a crossbar or yoke, an additional crossbar, fixed to the sound-chest, makes the bridge which transmits the vibrations of the strings. They were stretched between the yoke and bridge, or to a tailpiece below the bridge, according to ancient Greek mythology, the young god Hermes stole a herd of sacred cows from Apollo. In order not to be followed, he made shoes for the cows which forced them to walk backwards, Apollo, following the trails, could not follow where the cows were going. Along the way, Hermes slaughtered one of the cows and offered all, from the entrails and a tortoise/turtle shell, he created the Lyre. Apollo, figuring out it was Hermes who had his cows, Apollo was furious, but after hearing the sound of the lyre, his anger faded. Apollo offered to trade the herd of cattle for the lyre, hence, the creation of the lyre is attributed to Hermes. Other sources credit it to Apollo himself, locales in southern Europe, western Asia, or north Africa have been proposed as the historic birthplace of the genus. The instrument is played in north-eastern parts of Africa. Some of the cultures using and developing the lyre were the Aeolian and Ionian Greek colonies on the coasts of Asia bordering the Lydian empire, some mythic masters like Musaeus, and Thamyris were believed to have been born in Thrace, another place of extensive Greek colonization
17.
Snare drum
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The snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick. Snare drums are used in orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps. It is one of the pieces in a drum set, a collection of percussion instruments designed to be played by a seated drummer. Snare drums are played with drum sticks, but the use of other beaters such as the brush or the rute can be used to achieve very different sounds. The snare drum is a versatile and expressive percussion instrument due its sensitivity, the snare drum originates from the tabor, a drum first used to accompany the flute. The tabor evolved into more modern versions, such as the kit snare, marching snare, tarol snare, each type presents a different style of percussion and size. The snare drum that one might see in a music concert is usually used in a backbeat style to create rhythm. In marching bands, it can do the same but is used mostly for a front beat, in comparison with the marching snare, the kit snare is generally smaller in length between the two heads, while the piccolo is the smallest of the three. The snare drum is easily recognizable by its loud cracking sound when struck firmly with a stick or mallet. The depth of the sound varies from snare to snare because of the different techniques, some of these qualities are head material and tension, dimensions, and rim and drum shell materials and construction. The snare drum is constructed of two heads—both usually made of plastic—along with a rattle of metal wires on the head called the snares. The wires can also be placed on the top, as in the tarol snare, the top head is typically called the batter head because that is where the drummer strikes it, while the bottom head is called the snare head because that is where the snares are located. The tension of each head is constant by tension rods. Tension rod adjustment allows the pitch and tonal character of the drum to be customized by the player, the strainer is a lever that engages or disengages contact between the snares and the head, and allows snare tension adjustment. If the strainer is disengaged, the sound of the drum resembles a tom because the snares are inactive. The rim is the ring around the batter head, which can be used for a variety of things. The drum can be played by striking it with a stick or any other form of beater, including brushes, rute and hands. When using a stick, the drummer may strike the head of the drum, when the top head is struck, the bottom head vibrates in tandem, which in turn stimulates the snares and produces a cracking sound
18.
Orchestra
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The term orchestra derives from the Greek ὀρχήστρα, the name for the area in front of a stage in ancient Greek theatre reserved for the Greek chorus. A full-size orchestra may sometimes be called an orchestra or philharmonic orchestra. The actual number of employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians, depending on the work being played. The term chamber orchestra usually refers to smaller-sized ensembles of about fifty musicians or fewer, the typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, reaching a peak with the large orchestras called for in the works of Richard Wagner, and later, Gustav Mahler. Orchestras are usually led by a conductor who directs the performance with movements of the hands and arms, the conductor unifies the orchestra, sets the tempo and shapes the sound of the ensemble. The first violin, commonly called the concertmaster, also plays an important role in leading the musicians, the typical symphony orchestra consists of four groups of related musical instruments called the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the instruments in each group. Chamber orchestra usually refers to smaller-sized ensembles, a chamber orchestra might employ as many as fifty musicians. The term concert orchestra may also be used, as in the BBC Concert Orchestra, the so-called standard complement of doubled winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to the forces called for by Beethoven. The composers instrumentation almost always included paired flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, the exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4, Violin Concerto, and Piano Concerto No,4, which each specify a single flute. Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral palette in Symphonies 3,5,6, the third horn in the Eroica Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of choral brass in the Trio movement. Piccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the finale of his Symphony No.5. A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver the effect of storm and sunshine in the Sixth, for several decades after his death, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethovens well-established model, with few exceptions. Apart from the core orchestral complement, various instruments are called for occasionally. These include the guitar, heckelphone, flugelhorn, cornet, harpsichord. Saxophones, for example, appear in some 19th- through 21st-century scores.6 and 9 and William Waltons Belshazzars Feast, and many other works as a member of the orchestral ensemble. The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th-century works, usually playing parts marked tenor tuba, including Gustav Holsts The Planets, cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovskys ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debussys La Mer, and several orchestral works by Hector Berlioz
19.
Percussion mallet
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A percussion mallet or beater is an object used to strike or beat a percussion instrument in order to produce its sound. Some mallets, such as a wand, are normally used only with a specific instrument. Some mallets, such as mallets, are normally just called mallets, others have more specialised names including, Drum sticks, of many types. Wands used to strike a triangle, brushes, used particularly with snare drum but also with many other instruments. Tippers used to strike a bodhrán, hammers, also just called mallets or dongers, used with a xylophone. Bachi, used with Japanese taiko drums, Drum sticks are beaters normally used in pairs, with each held in one hand, and are similar to or derived from the snare drum sticks that were subsequently adopted for kit drumming. They are the most general-purpose beaters, and the covers a wide variety of beaters. As well as being a term for a hand-held beater, mallet is also used specifically to refer to a hand-held beater comprising a head connected to a thin shaft. Wrapped mallets are also the mallets of choice to play suspended cymbal, felt mallets or cartwheel mallets have heads composed of layers of felt, held between two steel washers. They are mainly used on untuned percussion, and in the context of kit drumming are referred to as soft sticks, mallet shafts are commonly made of rattan, birch, or synthetic materials such as fibreglass. Different mallets are used primarily to alter the timbre of the instrument being played. Generally, mallets composed of materials will stick to the instrument for longer as they bounce off of it. Mallet choice is left up to the performer, though some compositions specify if a certain sound is desired by the composer. Players frequently employ two mallets in a grip or four mallets in a four-mallet grip, however, use of up to six mallets is not uncommon. Brushes are a set of bristles connected to a handle so that the make a rounded fan shape. They are often used in jazz or blues music, but also in other such as rock, country. The bristles can be made of metal or plastic, the handles are made of wood or aluminum. Some brushes are telescoping so that the bristles can be pulled inside a hollow handle, retracting the bristles also protects the brush when it is not being used
20.
Chord (music)
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A chord, in music, is any harmonic set of pitches consisting of two or more notes that are heard as if sounding simultaneously. In everyday use by musical ensembles such as bands and orchestras, however, the notes of a chord do not have to be played together at the same time, arpeggios and broken chords may, for many practical and theoretical purposes, also constitute chords. Other chords with more than three notes include added tone chords, extended chords and tone clusters, which are used in classical music, jazz. Triads commonly found in the Western classical tradition are major and minor chords, the descriptions major, minor, augmented, and diminished are referred to collectively as chordal quality. Chords are also classified by their root note—for instance, a C major triad consists of the pitch classes C, E. While most chords have at least three notes, power chords, which are used in rock music, particularly in hard rock. An ordered series of chords is called a chord progression, one example of a widely used chord progression in Western traditional music and blues is the 12 bar blues progression, the simplest versions of which include tonic, subdominant and dominant chords. To describe this, Western music theory has developed the practice of numbering chords using Roman numerals which represent the number of steps up from the tonic note of the scale. Common ways of notating or representing chords in Western music include Roman numerals, figured bass, macro symbols, the chords in a song or piece are also given names which refer to their function. The chord built on the first note of a scale is called the tonic chord. The chord built on the note of a major scale is called the subdominant chord. The chord built on the degree of the major scale is called the dominant chord. There are names for the built on every note of the major scale. Chords can be played on instruments, including piano, pipe organ, guitar. Chords can also be performed when multiple musicians play together in an ensemble or when multiple singers sing in a choir. The English word chord derives from Middle English cord, a shortening of accord in the sense of agreement and later. A sequence of chords is known as a progression or harmonic progression. These are frequently used in Western music, a chord progression aims for a definite goal of establishing a tonality founded on a key, root or tonic chord
21.
Octave
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In music, an octave or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency. It is defined by ANSI as the unit of level when the base of the logarithm is two. The octave relationship is a phenomenon that has been referred to as the basic miracle of music. The most important musical scales are written using eight notes. For example, the C major scale is typically written C D E F G A B C, two notes separated by an octave have the same letter name and are of the same pitch class. Three commonly cited examples of melodies featuring the perfect octave as their opening interval are Singin in the Rain, Somewhere Over the Rainbow, the interval between the first and second harmonics of the harmonic series is an octave. The octave has occasionally referred to as a diapason. To emphasize that it is one of the intervals, the octave is designated P8. The octave above or below a note is sometimes abbreviated 8a or 8va, 8va bassa. For example, if one note has a frequency of 440 Hz, the note one octave above is at 880 Hz, the ratio of frequencies of two notes an octave apart is therefore 2,1. Further octaves of a note occur at 2n times the frequency of that note, such as 2,4,8,16, etc. and the reciprocal of that series. For example,55 Hz and 440 Hz are one and two away from 110 Hz because they are 1⁄2 and 4 times the frequency, respectively. After the unison, the octave is the simplest interval in music, the human ear tends to hear both notes as being essentially the same, due to closely related harmonics. Notes separated by a ring together, adding a pleasing sound to music. For this reason, notes an octave apart are given the note name in the Western system of music notation—the name of a note an octave above A is also A. The conceptualization of pitch as having two dimensions, pitch height and pitch class, inherently include octave circularity, thus all C♯s, or all 1s, in any octave are part of the same pitch class. Octave equivalency is a part of most advanced cultures, but is far from universal in primitive. The languages in which the oldest extant written documents on tuning are written, leon Crickmore recently proposed that The octave may not have been thought of as a unit in its own right, but rather by analogy like the first day of a new seven-day week
22.
Transposing instrument
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A transposing instrument is a musical instrument whose music is notated at a pitch different from the pitch that actually sounds. Playing a written C on an instrument produces a pitch other than C. For example, a written C on a B♭ clarinet sounds a concert B♭, rather than a property of the instrument, the transposition is a convention of music notation—however, instruments whose music is typically notated in this way are called transposing instruments. As transposing instruments is a convention, the issue of transposition is mainly an issue for genres of music which use sheet music, such as classical music. For some instruments, the pitch is still a C, but in a different octave. There are several reasons that composers, orchestrators and arrangers transpose music for certain instruments, many instruments are members of a family of instruments that differ mainly in size. For example, the fingerings which produce the notes of a C major scale on a standard flute, instruments that transpose this way are often referred to as being in a certain key, such as the A clarinet or clarinet in A. The instruments key tells which pitch will sound when the plays a note written as C. A player of a B♭ clarinet who reads a written C will sound a B♭ while the player of an A clarinet will read the same note, the non-transposing member of the family is thus called a clarinet in C. In the early 20th century, however, instruments with basic scales other than C were sometimes written as transposing instruments, before valves were invented in the 19th century, horns and trumpets could play only the notes of the overtone series from a single fundamental pitch. As a result, all music was written as if for a fundamental pitch of C. The introduction of valves made this unnecessary, though many players and composers found the tone quality of valved instruments inferior. F transposition became standard in the early 19th century, with the horn sounding a fifth below written pitch in treble clef. In bass clef composers differed in whether they expected the instruments to transpose down a fifth or up a fourth, when they played together in an ensemble, the parts of some instruments would then have to be transposed to compensate. In many of Bachs cantatas the organ part is notated a full step lower than the other instruments, a few early-music ensembles of the present day must do something similar if they comprise some instruments tuned to A415 and others to A440, approximately a semitone apart. Modern builders of continuo instruments sometimes include moveable keyboards which can play with either pitch standard. The harpsichord has a string for each note, plucked by a plectrum. Moving the keyboard mechanism right or left causes the A key to play the next string, instruments that transpose at the octave are not playing in a different key from concert pitch instruments, but sound an octave higher or lower than written
23.
Hip hop
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Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
24.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
25.
Neil Peart
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Neil Ellwood Peart, OC, is a Canadian-American musician and author, best known as the drummer and primary lyricist for the rock band Rush. Peart has received awards for his musical performances, including an induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1983. He is known for his proficiency and stamina. Peart grew up in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, during adolescence, he floated between regional bands in pursuit of a career as a full-time drummer. After a discouraging stint in England to concentrate on his music, Peart returned home, early in his career, Pearts performance style was deeply rooted in hard rock. He drew most of his inspiration from such as Keith Moon and John Bonham. As time passed, he began to emulate jazz and big band musicians Gene Krupa, in 1994, Peart became a friend and pupil of jazz instructor Freddie Gruber. It was during this time that Peart decided to revamp his playing style by incorporating jazz, Gruber was also responsible for introducing him to the products of Drum Workshop, the company whose products Peart currently endorses. In addition to being a musician, Peart has published several memoirs about his travels, Peart is also Rushs primary lyricist. In writing lyrics for Rush, Peart addresses universal themes and diverse subject matter including science fiction, fantasy, all five of his books are travel-based non-fiction, though they diverge into his life and these subjects as well. Peart currently resides in Santa Monica, California, with his wife, photographer Carrie Nuttall and he also has a home in the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec, Canada, and spends time in Toronto for recording purposes. On December 7,2015, Peart announced his retirement from music in an interview with Drumhead Magazine, Peart was born in a Hamilton hospital to Glen and Betty Peart and lived his early years on his familys farm in Hagersville, on the outskirts of Hamilton. The first child of four, his brother Danny and sisters Judy, at this time his father became parts manager for Dalziel Equipment, an International Harvester farm machinery dealer. In 1956 the family moved to the Port Dalhousie area of the town, Peart attended Gracefield School and later Lakeport Secondary School, and describes his childhood as happy and says he experienced a warm family life. His first exposure to musical training came in the form of piano lessons and his parents bought him a drum kit for his fourteenth birthday and he began taking lessons from Don George at the Peninsula Conservatory of Music. His stage debut took place that year at the schools Christmas pageant in St. Johns Anglican Church Hall in Port Dalhousie and his next appearance was at Lakeport High School with his first group, The Eternal Triangle. This performance contained an original number titled LSD Forever, at this show he performed his first solo. Peart got a job in Lakeside Park, in Port Dalhousie on the shores of Lake Ontario and he worked on the Bubble Game and Ball Toss, but his tendency to take it easy when business was slack resulted in his termination
26.
Rush (band)
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Archives is a compilation album by Rush, released in April 1978. The compilation was a repackaging of the bands first three albums. Originally released with a grey cover, it was later repackaged with a darker. The minimalist cover art recycles the image of the Man in the Star from the 2112 album, on the original, vinyl Fly By Night album, the chimes at the end of By-Tor and the Snow Dog were printed into the fadeout groove of side one. This meant that on older turntables the chimes would play on forever, on the Archives version, By-Tor is 28 seconds longer as these additional chimes were included. Although Archives has never officially released on CD, it managed simultaneous gold
27.
The Spirit of Radio
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The Spirit of Radio is a song released in 1980 by the Canadian rock band Rush from their album Permanent Waves. The songs name was inspired by Toronto radio station CFNYs slogan, the song was significant in the growing popularity of the band. The band had grazed the UK Top 40 two years earlier with Closer to the Heart, but when issued as a single in March 1980 and it remains their biggest UK hit to date. In the US, the peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1980. Promotional 12-inch copies were released in the United States late 1979 with the B-sides of Working Man and The Trees, kobra and the Lotus included a version of The Spirit of Radio on their 2015 covers EP Words of the Prophets. The EPs title is a reference to the song, catherine Wheel covered the song as a hidden track on their 1996 compilation Like Cats and Dogs. The song is sampled on the 1993 track, Conchita Martinez, list of Rush songs Official Rush website Dedicated to the old CFNY Current CFNY
28.
Closer to the Heart
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Closer to the Heart is a single by Rush, released in 1977, from the album A Farewell to Kings. It was the first Rush song to feature a non-member as a songwriter in Peter Talbot and it was issued as a single for Christmas 1977 and was Rushs first hit single in the United Kingdom, reaching No.36 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1978. Closer to the Heart was one of five Rush songs inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame on March 28,2010, closer to the Heart is one of Rushs most popular songs, and has been performed live regularly since its release. It was not played for the bulk of the Vapor Trails Tour, the R30 Tour, the song returned to Rushs setlists during the 2010-11 Time Machine Tour. After not being performed on the 2012-13 Clockwork Angels Tour, it was back for the 2015 R40 Live Tour. The live albums A Show of Hands and Different Stages feature performances of the song with jam-style playing after the last verse. On the 1981 live album Exit. Stage Left, the song segues into Beneath, Between and Behind, on the DVD release of the latter album, a polka rendition of the song is played during the end credits. Although the original recording and most live performances feature acoustic drums, the songs title was used for an episode of Trailer Park Boys, in which Alex Lifeson appears as himself. At the end of the episode, Lifeson and Bubbles play the song together, in 2005, Rush performed the song with Smith and Ed Robertson of Barenaked Ladies as part of a CBC telethon for the Canadian Tsunami Disaster Fund. This performance is included on the R30, 30th Anniversary World Tour DVD, closer to The Heart -2,53 Bastille Day -4,37 Anthem -4,10 The Temples of Syrinx -2,13 List of Rush songs
29.
Danny Federici
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Daniel Paul Danny Federici was an American musician, best known as the organ, glockenspiel, and accordion player and a founding member for Bruce Springsteens E Street Band. In 2014, Federici was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band, Federici started to play accordion when he was seven years old, which he learned from watching The Lawrence Welk Show. When he mastered classical music and polka, his mother booked him at parties, clubs, Federici attended high school at Hunterdon Central High School in New Jersey. Federicis organ fills are a key component in the E Street sound and he pioneered the trademark E Street glockenspiel sound with a rare keyboard glockenspiel, one of only two tube o phone types known to exist. Both were purchased by Danny on separate trips to Europe, in photos showing the instrument sitting atop his Hammond B3 the metal tubes responsible for the sound can be seen protruding from the top in staggered lengths like miniature organ pipes. He subsequently used electronic keyboards to simulate the glockenspiel sound, another notable performance is his accordion solo on 4th of July, Asbury Park. Keyboard Magazine published an article in 2008 detailing the instrumentation Danny used, during the long time the E Street Band was inactive during the 1990s, Federici played with Country/Americana act Diamondback, releasing one record with Diamondback during this period, Ragin Wind. Federicis haunting accordion and B3 work became a component of their Southern Rock sound. During this time Federici recorded an album of jazz instrumentals called Flemington, after his hometown of Flemington. E-Street bandmates, bassist Garry Tallent and guitarist Nils Lofgren supplied backup on the album and this was originally released on Deadeye Records, then picked up by Music Masters Jazz label in 1997, it was later re-worked and re-issued as Danny Federici on Hip-O Records in 2001. Federici followed this up with a jazz album Sweet, self-released on Backstreets. com in 2004. Federici performed on other records as well, including those of Joan Armatrading, Graham Parker. Springsteen stated at the time, Danny is one of the pillars of our sound and has played beside me as a friend for more than 40 years. We all eagerly await his healthy and speedy return, Federici made his only return to the stage on March 20,2008, when he appeared for portions of a Springsteen and E Street Band performance at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Federici died on April 17,2008 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, Springsteens album, Working on a Dream, is dedicated to him. The fund also aims to raise awareness for the disease. The tracks are taken from the Magic Tour, and feature a performance of 4th of July, various tours, 1972–1974 Born to Run tours, 1975–1977 Darkness Tour, 1978–1979 The River Tour, 1980–1981 Born in the U. S. A. Tour, 1984–1985 Tunnel of Love Express Tour,1988 Human Rights Now. S. A
30.
Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)
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Born to Run is a song by American singer songwriter Bruce Springsteen, and the title song of his album Born to Run. Upon its release, music critic Robert Christgau took note of its wall of sound influence and called it the fulfillment of everything Be My Baby was about and lots more. The song ranked number 21 on the Rolling Stone list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Written at 7½ West End Court in Long Branch, New Jersey in early 1974, the prior year, Springsteen had released two albums to critical acclaim but with little commercial movement. Written in the first person, the song is a letter to a girl named Wendy, for whom the hot-rod-riding protagonist seems to possess the passion to love. However, Springsteen has noted that it has a much simpler core, U. S. Route 9 is mentioned from the lyric sprung from cages out on Highway 9. The song was recorded in the key of E major, in the period prior to the release of Born to Run Springsteen was becoming well-known for his epic live shows. Born to Run joined his concert repertoire well before the release of the album, being performed in concert by May 1974, if not earlier. The first recording of the song was made by Allan Clarke of the British group The Hollies, although its release was delayed, in recording the song Springsteen first earned his noted reputation for perfectionism, laying down as many as eleven guitar tracks to get the sound just right. The recording process and alternate ideas for the arrangement are described in the Wings For Wheels documentary DVD included in the 2005 reissue Born to Run 30th Anniversary Edition package. Future record executive Jimmy Iovine engineered the majority of the sessions and it immediately became quite popular on these stations, and led to cuts from Springsteens first two albums being frequently played as well as building anticipation for the album release. No music video was made for the release of Born to Run. In 1987, a video was released to MTV and other channels, featuring a performance of Born to Run from Springsteen. Tour, interspersed with clips of other performances from the same tour. It closed with a Thank you message to Springsteens fans, in 1988, director Meiert Avis shot a video of an acoustic version of the song during the Tunnel of Love Express tour. Both videos are included in the compilations Video Anthology / 1978-88, in 2016, Born to Run was ranked #16 in Pitchforks list of The 200 Best Songs of the 1970s In 2004, the song was ranked #6 in WXPNs list of The 885 All-Time Greatest Songs. Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time placed it at #21, the song came in at #920 in Qs list of the 1001 Greatest Songs Ever in 2003, in which they described the song as best for working class heroes. It is one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock, in 2001, the RIAAs Songs of the Century placed the song 135th
31.
Hungry Heart
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Hungry Heart is a song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen on his fifth album, The River. It was released as the albums first single in 1980 and became Springsteens first big hit of his own on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, when Springsteen met Joey Ramone in Asbury Park, New Jersey, Ramone asked him to write a song for The Ramones. Springsteen composed Hungry Heart that night, but decided to keep it for himself on the advice of his producer and manager, Jon Landau. Previously, upbeat and catchy Springsteen songs such as Blinded by the Light, Because the Night, and Fire had been away and become hits for others. The title is drawn from a line in Alfred, Lord Tennysons famous poem Ulysses, Springsteens voice was slightly sped up on the recording, producing a higher-pitched vocal. Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan of The Turtles sang backup, the mix of songwriting and production techniques was successful, and Hungry Heart reached #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in late 1980 and was his biggest hit until Dancing in the Dark hit #2 in 1984. In the subsequent Rolling Stone Readers Poll, Hungry Heart was voted Best Single for the year, in 2000 the song was used in the film The Perfect Storm as well as in 2013 in Warm Bodies. The single was not a hit in the United Kingdom when first released and it did better in 1995 when it was reissued in conjunction with his Greatest Hits album, this time, it reached #28. The Everybodys Got A Hungry Heart episode of Japanese anime series Battle B-Daman is named after the lyric in the song, Weezer mentions the song in their 2008 song Heart Songs on their album Weezer. A video was released in conjunction with this re-release, the aggregation of critics lists at acclaimedmusic. net rated this song as the #38 song of 1980, as well as #341 of the 1980s and #1870 all time. The song has also listed as the #1 single of 1980 by Dave Marsh and Kevin Stein. It was also listed as #625 on Marshs list of the 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made, no music video was recorded for the initial release in 1980, however a video clip was filmed for the songs re-release in 1995. This was filmed on July 9,1995 at the tiny Café Eckstein in Berlin, a River Tour performance of it is included on The Essential Bruce Springsteen compilation albums optional disc. This was the live performance of the song in a regular Springsteen concert until the song reappeared twice during the Magic tour. The studio version remained unavailable on CD until the release of 2015 box set The Ties That Bind, the cover of the single sleeve shows The Empress Hotel, one of Asbury Parks fading landmarks of the time. At the beginning of The River Tour, Springsteen and the E Street Band played the song as an instrumental for the first verse and chorus. During the November 20,1980, show in Chicagos Rosemont Horizon, right after the hit the Top 10. A tradition was born of Springsteen always letting the audience sing the first verse
32.
Bruce Springsteen
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Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for his work with the E Street Band, Springsteens recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful albums, Born to Run and Born in the U. S. A. find pleasures in the struggles of daily American life. He has sold more 120 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, in 2009, Springsteen was a Kennedy Center Honors recipient, in 2013 was named MusiCares person of the year and in 2016 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He married Patti Scialfa in 1991, and the couple have had three children – Evan James, Jessica Rae and Sam Ryan, Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen was born on September 23,1949, at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was brought home from the hospital to Freehold Borough where he spent his childhood and he lived on South Street and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry, Springsteen said his mother, Adele Ann, a legal secretary and of Italian ancestry, was the main breadwinner. His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a town near Naples and he has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full-time, she took photos for his Human Touch, Lucky Town. The Springsteens are among the early Dutch families who settled in the colony of New Netherland in the 1600s, raised a Roman Catholic, Springsteen attended the St. In a 2012 interview, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music and he noted in the interview that his faith had given him a very active spiritual life, although he joked that this made it very difficult sexually. He added, Once a Catholic, always a Catholic, in the ninth grade, Springsteen transferred to the public Freehold High School, but did not fit in there either. Former teachers have said he was a loner, who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar and he completed high school, but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony. He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out, Springsteen grew up hearing fellow New Jersey singer Frank Sinatra on the radio. He became interested in being involved in music himself when, in 1956 at the age of seven, in 1964, Springsteens mother bought him his first guitar for $18. 1964 was also an important year for Springsteen, having seen The Beatles appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, thereafter he started playing for audiences with a band called the Rogues at local venues such as the Elks Lodge in Freehold. In 1965, Springsteens mother took out a loan to buy her 16-year-old son a $60 Kent guitar, in the same year, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently one of the singers of the Castiles
33.
E Street Band
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The E Street Band is an American rock band, and has been musician Bruce Springsteens primary backing band since 1972. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. S, Bonds, Darlene Love, Southside Johnny, The Grateful Dead, Santana, Lucinda Williams, Steve Earle, Emmylou Harris, Tracy Chapman, Lady Gaga and Aretha Franklin. The E Street Band was founded in October 1972, but it was not formally named until September 1974, Springsteen has put together other backing bands during his career, but the E Street Band has been together more or less continuously since its inception. The original lineup included Garry Tallent, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Mad Dog Lopez, the band took its name from the street in Belmar, New Jersey, where Sancious mother lived. She allowed the band to rehearse in her garage, ‘Bruce’ tourists to the area often mistakenly believe the house was on the corner of E Street and 10th Avenue, perhaps due to the song Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out about the bands beginnings. The Sancious house was at 1107 E Street with the garage squeezed between the house and the southside fence, Springsteens debut Greetings from Asbury Park, N. J. appeared in 1972, and the bands first national tour began in October 1972. Sancious, even though he played on the album, missed that first tour and it was not until June 1973 that he began appearing regularly on stage with the band. In February 1974, Lopez was asked to resign, and was replaced by Ernest Boom Carter. A few months later, in August 1974, Sancious and Carter left to form their own jazz band called Tone. They were replaced in September 1974 by Roy Bittan and Max Weinberg, violinist Suki Lahav was briefly a member of the band before leaving in March 1975 to emigrate to Israel. Steven Van Zandt, who had long associated with Springsteen and had played in previous bands with him. This lineup remained stable until the early 1980s when Van Zandt left to pursue his own career and he would later rejoin the band in 1995. In June 1984 Nils Lofgren was added to replace Van Zandt, Springsteens future wife, by 2002, the band also included Soozie Tyrell. Tyrell had earlier worked with Scialfa touring with Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, whether Tyrell became as full-fledged a member as the others remains unclear. When asked about the lack of mention in a release prior to the Magic Tour, Springsteen just said in response. Springsteen stated at the time, Danny is one of the pillars of our sound and has played beside me as a friend for more than 40 years. We all eagerly await his healthy and speedy return, Federici made his only return to the stage on March 20,2008, when he appeared for portions of a Springsteen and E Street Band performance at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Federici died on April 17,2008 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, Springsteens album, Working on a Dream, is dedicated to him
34.
Jimi Hendrix
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James Marshall Jimi Hendrix was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music, born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U. S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Hey Joe, Purple Haze, and The Wind Cries Mary. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues and he favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a pedal in mainstream rock. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented, Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as a sound source. Hendrix was the recipient of several awards during his lifetime. In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Jimi Hendrix was of African American descent. Both his mother Lucille and father Al were African Americans and his paternal grandmother, Zenora Nora Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. On June 10,1919, Hendrix and Moore had a son they named James Allen Ross Hendrix, in 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter at a dance in Seattle, they married on March 31,1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U. S. Army to serve in World War II, Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27,1942, in Seattle, he was the first of Lucilles five children. In 1946, Johnnys parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and he spent two months locked up without trial, and while in the stockade received a telegram announcing his sons birth. During Als three-year absence, Lucille struggled to raise their son, when Al was away, Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and friends, especially Lucilles sister Delores Hall and her friend Dorothy Harding. Al received a discharge from the U. S. Army on September 1,1945. After returning from service, Al reunited with Lucille, but his inability to find steady work left the family impoverished and they both struggled with alcohol, and often fought when intoxicated. The violence sometimes drove Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home and his relationship with his brother Leon was close but precarious, with Leon in and out of foster care, they lived with an almost constant threat of fraternal separation. In addition to Leon, Hendrix had three siblings, Joseph, born in 1949, Kathy in 1950, and Pamela,1951, all of whom Al and Lucille gave up to foster care
35.
Little Wing
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Little Wing is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1967. It is a slower tempo, rhythm and blues-inspired ballad featuring Hendrixs vocal and guitar with recording studio effects accompanied by bass, drums, lyrically, it is one of several of his songs that reference an idealized feminine or guardian angel-like figure. At about two and a half minutes in length, it is one of his most concise and melodically-focused pieces, the origins of Little Wing have been traced back to the 1966 recording of Shes a Fox, an R&B song which features Hendrix playing Curtis Mayfield-influenced guitar accompaniment. He developed the song while performing in New York Citys Greenwich Village prior to his involvement with producer Chas Chandler, Little Wing was released with the Axis album in December 1967 in the UK and the following month in the US. More recently, demo versions have been released as well as live renditions. Little Wing is one of Hendrixs most popular songs and has become a standard and it is ranked number 366 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Jimi Hendrix began his career as a rhythm and blues guitarist and performed and recorded several popular R&B artists, including the Isley Brothers, Don Covay. He learned from other R&B guitarists, including Curtis Mayfield, who was known for his understated rhythmic fills, Hendrix toured as a support act with Mayfield in 1963. He described the experience, The best gig was with Curtis Mayfield, Curtis was a really good guitarist. I learned a lot in that short time and he probably influenced me more than anyone Id ever played with up to that time, that sweet sound of his, you know. In 1966, Hendrix recorded a song titled Shes a Fox with the Icemen, Hendrix biographer Harry Shapiro has described it as paced and phrased in the style of Curtis Mayfield, is virtually a blueprint for Little Wing. Later Hendrix producer John McDermott called his contribution to Shes a Fox perhaps the strongest of his pre-Experience career, Hendrixs Curtis Mayfield-influenced guitar styling is the songs strongest attribute. So I figured that I take everything I see around and put it maybe in the form of a girl maybe, somethin like that, you know, and call it Little Wing, and then it will just fly away. Everybodys really flyin and theyre really in a mood, like the police. So I just took all these things an put them in one very, very small little matchbox, you know, into a girl and it was very simple, but I like it though. In October 1967, recording sessions for the second Jimi Hendrix Experience album Axis, on October 25, after recording the strongly R&B-oriented Wait Until Tomorrow, the Experience recorded an instrumental version of Little Wing. It followed the chord progression as the later master recording. After another take in the vein, Chandler called for a different approach
36.
Avenged Sevenfold
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Avenged Sevenfold is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. Avenged Sevenfold is known for its rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers. Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a sound on the bands debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet. However, Avenged Sevenfolds style had evolved by the third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a heavy metal. The band continued to new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer, James The Rev Sullivan. In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording, Avenged Sevenfolds sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay. Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts. In late 2014 Ilejay left the band, and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman, the band surprise released their seventh studio album titled The Stage on October 28,2016, which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. The Stage is their first conceptual album and it marked another change for the band. To date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven albums, one live album/DVD. Avenged Sevenfold was ranked #47 on Loudwires list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time, the band was formed in 1999 in Huntington Beach, California with original members M. Shadows, Zacky Vengeance, The Rev and Matt Wendt. M Shadows came up with the name as a reference to the story of Cain and Abel from The Bible, upon its formation, each member of the band also took on a pseudonym which were already nicknames of theirs from high school. Matt Wendt was later replaced by Justin Sane Meacham who was previously the bassist for Suburban Legends, before the release of their debut album, the band recorded two demos in 1999 and 2000. In mid-2001, it was reported that Meacham had attempted suicide by drinking excessive amounts of cough syrup, the attempt affected the bands Take Action Tour. During his hospitalization he remained in poor condition and was replaced by Dameon Ash, in an interview, lead singer M. Avenged Sevenfolds debut album, Sounding the Seventh Trumpet, was recorded when the band members were in their late teens and still in high school. It was originally released on their first label, Good Life Recordings in 2001, after lead guitarist Synyster Gates joined the band after the album was released, the introductory track To End the Rapture was re-recorded featuring a full band element. The album was subsequently re-released on Hopeless Records in 2002, the band started to receive recognition, performing with bands such as Mushroomhead and Shadows Fall and playing on the Take Action Tour. Having found a new bassist, Johnny Christ, the released their second studio album titled Waking the Fallen on Hopeless Records in August 2003
37.
Nightmare (song)
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Nightmare is a song by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, released as the lead single for their fifth studio album, Nightmare. Lyrically, Nightmare deals with an individual who is damned for his wrongdoings on earth. The song is sung from the point of view of a resident of hell and it is their first single released without former drummer The Rev, who died on December 28,2009. The song was released digitally on May 18 and 21,2010 on the US and worldwide, respectively, on iTunes as well as a lyric video on YouTube. A preview for the song was released on May 6,2010 on Amazon. com, however, on May 10,2010, a 30-second audio uncensored sample was again revealed, but this time at SoundCloud. Nightmare was nominated for Best Single at the Kerrang, awards 2010, but lost to Liquid Confidence by You Me At Six. The song is one of Avenged Sevenfolds best known, and had been certified Gold by the RIAA. Nightmare was released on July 27,2010 as a track in Rock Band 2 along with Seize the Day. It was discovered by fans that the face of Jimmy The Rev Sullivan, Nightmare is an easter egg in the video game Call of Duty, Black Ops. It is accessible by completing the One Giant Leap Achievement or Trophy, the song was released for Rocksmith on October 30,2012. The song was the No.1 most added track at Active Rock radio in the US during one week of May 2010 and it was also the No.1 rock song on iTunes in the US, selling over 23,000 units in its first day. The song Nightmare became the most Radio Played rock song in the USA of 2010, the band has filmed a music video for Nightmare. To film the video, they hired the famed director, Wayne Isham. The video itself was filmed at Linda Vista Community Hospital in Los Angeles, the music video premiered on July 17,2010, on MTV2, at 11 AM EST, and on Avenged Sevenfolds website. An unedited version of the video premiered later on that day, the video can be seen on the bands official YouTube page. The video depicts lead vocalist M. Shadows about to undergo surgery, Shadows then notices the torn-down former drum kit of the bands deceased drummer, The Rev, when he toured with them to support their record City of Evil. The video shifts between this and the band performing in a environment with a small bit of background light. Towards the end of the video, M. Shadows begins to fight the gurney, wanting to get off and he cannot get off because he is strapped to it
38.
Warm Ghost
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Warm Ghost is an electronic experimental pop group based out of Brooklyn, New York, specializing in ambient synth pop. Formed by singer / multi-instrumentalist Paul Duncan, Warm Ghost became a duo with Daniel Lewis in 2011, the group pairs spacious synthesizers with skittering, electronic beats, creating a textural sound that is highly eclectic. Their recordings have drawn comparisons to numerous genres and groups, including Autechre, Depeche Mode, Fennesz, Orchestral Manoevures in the Dark, Paul Duncan has said that Arthur Russell is an influence on Warm Ghost. In 2011, Warm Ghost made their debut with the Claws Overhead EP, released on Geographic North, the group is notable for positive attention from avant-garde music critics. Duncan was born in East Texas, but studied painting and sound design at Savannah College of Art and Design in Savannah, Georgia, before moving to Atlanta and then Brooklyn, New York. There is no consensus about what genre best describes the music, but it has been described by various reviewers as coldwave, electropop, gothic. A review on Weird Fishes described the Uncut Diamond album positively with smooth vocals with songs that are beautiful, reviewer Brad Knain in Hybrid Magazine described the Uncut Diamond album to be an electronic treat that sounds almost like samples from Bladerunner mixed with The Breakfast Club soundtrack. Reviewer Andrew Duncan from ZapTown Magazine wrote that the music was a sound of delightful synth delicacies that never over-cooks a style. A review in ALTsounds described the music as psychedelic electronic dream pop which was driven by Duncans vocal talent, Claws Overhead,2011, Geographic North Uncut Diamond,2011, Partisan Records Narrows,2011, Partisan Records Warm Ghost on Partisan Records
39.
George Martin
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Sir George Henry Martin CBE was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, audio engineer and musician. He was referred to as the Fifth Beatle, including by Paul McCartney, Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States. Martin produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s, working with Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Bernard Cribbins and his career spanned more than six decades of work in music, film, television and live performance. He held a number of executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including his work for The Princes Trust. In recognition of his services to the industry and popular culture. Martin was born in Highbury, London, when he was six, Martins family acquired a piano that sparked his interest in music. As a child, he attended schools, including a convent school in Holloway, St Josephs School, and at St Ignatius College. When WWII broke out, and St. Ignatius College students were evacuated to Welwyn Garden City, his family left London, I remember well the very first time I heard a symphony orchestra. I was just in my teens when Sir Adrian Boult brought the BBC Symphony Orchestra to my school for a public concert. Hearing such glorious sounds I found it difficult to them with ninety men and women blowing into brass. Despite Martins continued interest in music, and fantasies about being the next Rachmaninov and he worked briefly as a quantity surveyor, and later for the War Office as a Temporary Clerk, which meant filing paperwork and making tea. In 1943, when he was 17, he joined the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy and became an aerial observer, the war ended before Martin was involved in any combat, and he left the service in 1947. Martins oboe teacher was Margaret Eliot, after that, Martin explained that he had just picked it up by himself. On 3 January 1948 – while still at the Academy – Martin married Sheena Chisholm and he later married Judy Lockhart-Smith on 24 June 1966, and they also had two children, Lucie and Giles Martin. Following his graduation, he worked for the BBCs classical music department, then joined EMI in 1950 as an assistant to Oscar Preuss, the head of EMIs Parlophone Records from 1950 to 1955. Although having been regarded by EMI as a vital German imprint in the past, after taking over Parlophone when Preuss retired in 1955, Martin recorded classical and Baroque music, original cast recordings, and regional music from around Britain and Ireland. Martin also produced numerous comedy and novelty records, later that decade Martin worked with Peter Sellers on two very popular comedy LPs. One was released on 10 format and called The Best Of Sellers, the album was Bridge on the River Wye
40.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
41.
Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!
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Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite. is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, from their 1967 album Sgt. It was primarily written and composed by John Lennon, although Paul McCartney claims that he contributed to it. The song is credited to Lennon–McCartney, the inspiration to write the song was a 19th-century circus poster for Pablo Fanques Circus Royal appearance at Rochdale. Lennon purchased the poster in a shop on 31 January 1967, while the Beatles were filming the promotional videos for Strawberry Fields Forever and Penny Lane in Sevenoaks. Lennon claimed years later to still have the poster in his home, everything from the song is from that poster, he explained, except the horse wasnt called Henry. Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite. is credited to Lennon–McCartney, McCartney disagrees, in a 2013 interview with Rolling Stone magazine, he said, I read, occasionally, people say, Oh, John wrote that one. I say, Wait a minute, what was that afternoon I spent with him, then and he happened to have a poster in his living room at home. So, yeah, I was happy to kind of reclaim it as partially mine, Mr. Kite is believed to be William Kite, who worked for Pablo Fanque from 1843 to 1845. The full text of the original Pablo Fanques Circus Royal poster is, PABLO FANQUES CIRCUS ROYAL, TOWN-MEADOWS, AND POSITIVELY THE LAST NIGHT BUT THREE. BEING FOR THE BENEFIT OF MR, KITE, AND MR. J. HENDERSON, THE CELEBRATED SOMERSET THROWER. On TUESDAY Evening, February 14,1843, Mr. KITE will, for this night only, introduce the CELEBRATED HORSE, ZANTHUS. Well known to be one of the best Broke Horses IN THE WORLD, Mr. HENDERSON will undertake the arduous Task of THROWING TWENTY-ONE SOMERSETS, ON THE SOLID GROUND. Mr. KITE will appear, for the first time season, On the Tight Rope. Mr. HENDERSON will, for the first time in Rochdale, over Men & Horses, through Hoops, over Garters, and lastly through a Hogshead of REAL FIRE. In this branch of the profession Mr. H challenges THE WORLD, for particulars see Bills of the day. JONES & CROSSKILL, PRINTERS AND BOOKSELLERS, YORKSHIRE STREET, ROCHDALE, Mr. J. Henderson was John Henderson, a wire-walker, equestrian, trampoline artist, and clown. While the poster made no mention of Hendersons plural, as Lennon sings, John Henderson did perform with his wife Agnes, the Hendersons performed throughout Europe and Russia during the 1840s and 1850s. A hogshead is a wooden cask
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Pablo Fanque
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Pablo Fanque was an English equestrian performer and circus proprietor, the first non-white British circus owner in Britain. His circus was the most popular in Victorian Britain for 30 years, since the late 20th century, Pablo Fanque is best known from being mentioned in The Beatles song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite. on their album Sgt. Little is known about Pablo Fanques early life, church records suggest that he was born in 1810, one of at least five children born to John and Mary Darby of Norwich. They were believed to have resided in Ber Street, when Fanque married in 1848, he said his late fathers occupation was butler on his marriage certificate. Dr. John M. Turner speculates in his 2003 biography of Fanque that his father was African-born and had brought to the port of Norwich. Fanque was reportedly orphaned at a young age, another account has Fanque born in a workhouse to a family with seven children. Since shortly after Fanques death in 1871, biographers have disputed his date of birth, since 2003 biographer Turner has popularized the belief that Fanque was born in 1796. The newspaper Era records on 14 May 1871 that Fanques coffin bore the inscription AGED75 YEARS. Fanques gravestone, located at the base of his late wife Susannah Darbys grave in Woodhouse Cemetery, but Fanques age was recorded in the 1841,1851 and 1871 censuses of England as indicating he was born in 1810. A birth register at St. Andrews Workhouse in Norwich reports the birth of a William Darby to John Darby and this is the birth year on a blue plaque commemorating Fanques birth, which was installed by the city of Norwich near the purported location of his childhood residence. Genealogists have noted a record of John Darby and Mary Stamp on 27 March 1791 at St. Stephens. Records of children born to Darby and Stamp include John Richard on 4 Jul 1792, Robert on 27 Jul 1794, William on 28 Feb 1796, Mary Elizabeth on 18 Mar 1798, and William on 30 March 1810. The family has two records, William on 30 Apr 1797 and Mary Elizabeth on 10 Feb 1801. These indicate that the subject William was born in 1810, the boy to have been given that name after his late brother died in 1797. His acts included equestrian stunts and rope walking, thomas Frost, in Circus Life and Circus Celebrities, wrote, We find Batty in 1836 at Nottingham, with a company which included Pablo Fanque, a negro rope-dancer, whose real name was William Darby. Once established as an adult, William Darby changed his professional name to Pablo Fanque. It appears that Fanque or his contemporaries often considered Pablo to be his surname, Fanque made a highly successful London debut in 1847. Describing Fanque and his performance, The Illustrated London News wrote, Mr. Pablo Fanque is an artiste of colour and we have not only never seen surpassed, but never equalled
43.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
"Glockenspiel". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). 1911.
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